CN101287538B - 使用歧管以减少回洗的水过滤装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一个膜过滤装置(10)，包括一个具有一个或多个被至少一个集管(7)支持的可渗透中空膜(6)的滤膜组件(5)。一个滤液收集室(18)与所述集管(7)相连并与所述滤膜(6)的腔处于流体连通，用于收集通过所述滤膜腔抽出的滤液。提供一个过滤室(11)，用于容纳待施加于所述组件(5)中滤膜(6)表面的原料液体。所述过滤室(11)包围所述组件(5)，且延伸至超过所述组件(5)的高度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及膜过滤系统，更具体地说，涉及一种可在重力下、压力下进行过滤或者使用高进料头进行过滤、同时减少回洗和清洗溶液体积的系统。
背景技术
在膜过滤操作中，通过液体或气体回洗周期性地清洁滤膜对于保持更长的膜操作时间而不需进行化学清洁步骤是必要的。然而，在每次回洗过程中都会产生一定量的废液，这会降低原料液体的回收率并提高对回洗废液后处理的要求。还通过使用化学清洁剂周期性地清洁滤膜来对液体或气体回洗的效果进行补充。该工艺又产生了必须进一步处理或以对环境安全的方式处置的废液。因此需要在任何的过滤操作中减少在回洗和化学清洁步骤中产生的废液的体积，以降低操作成本和对环境的影响。
发明内容
本发明的一个方面提供一种膜过滤装置，包括：
一个滤膜组件，该组件中具有一个或多个被至少一个集管(header)支持的可渗透的中空膜，一个与所述集管相连并与所述滤膜的腔处于流体连通的滤液收集室，所述滤液收集室用于收集通过所述滤膜腔抽出的滤液；
一个过滤室，用于容纳待施加于所述组件中滤膜表面的原料液体，所述过滤室包围所述组件，且延伸至超过所述组件的高度。
优选地，滤膜在一对分隔对置的集管之间延伸。优选滤液收集室与所述集管中的一个或两个相连。优选地，所述滤膜竖直地位于所述组件中，并且所述集管分别为上部集管和下部集管。优选在所述滤液收集室之间提供滤液通道并且该通道与所述滤液收集室处于流体连通。优选地，所述滤液通道在所述集管之间贯穿所述组件。优选在上部集管上具有一个开口或多个开口，以使液体流从其中经过。
在一个实施方案中，所述过滤室的一端是封闭的，另一端是开放的。在另一个实施方案中，过滤室的开放端具有一个允许气流经过但只允许液体流入过滤室的阀。
优选地，过滤室和组件之间限定的区域用一种或多种填料元件填充。优选设置一个与所述过滤室处于流体连通的鼓风回洗装置，用于选择性地使气体和/或液体进入和/或流出所述过滤室。
附图说明
现在参照以下附图，通过仅为举例的方式描述本发明的优选实施方案：
图1示出了一个本发明实施方案中的过滤组件的纵剖面示意图；
图2示出了在重力抽吸模式下操作的本发明一个实施方案中的过滤组件的纵剖面示意图；
图3示出了在加压模式下操作的本发明一个实施方案中的过滤组件的纵剖面示意图；
图4示出了在高水头模式下操作的本发明一个实施方案中的过滤组件的纵剖面示意图。
具体实施方式
参见图1，根据一个优选的实施方案，膜过滤组件5包括顶部和底部分别插装在上部和下部集管7和8中的一束中空纤维膜6，用于将纤维膜腔暴露以收集滤液。应认识到可插装纤维束的一端或两端，并且纤维腔可在一端开口或在两端都开口。可在上部集管上设置一个或多个开口以允许液体从其中流过。
滤液通道9(通常是一个管道)在上部和下部集管7和8之间延伸，以使滤液在纤维膜腔的一端或两端收集。通道9的截面可以是任何形状，并且虽然在该实施方案中示出的通道9是在组件5的中心，但它可以位于集管中的任何位置，并且在一些实施方案中，滤液通道9不必位于组件5中，而是可以通过如下所述的外部连接件相连。
参见图2至4，根据本发明的一个优选实施方案，过滤装置10包括一个高于组件5的过滤室11。如果用于高水头过滤模式，如图4所示，过滤室11可以比组件5高出很多。过滤室11的截面优选地与组件5的截面相似，但是，当使用间隔填料12时，可以容纳任何形状的截面的组件。过滤室11可以整体地形成为一个元件，或包括多个元件。优选地，过滤室11在长度方向上具有恒定的截面，但是，它可以具有多种截面，可在基部附近具有较厚的截面。
间隔填料12位于组件5和过滤室11之间，所述间隔填料的外部截面近似于过滤室11的截面，内部截面近似于组件5的截面。间隔填料12对于过滤装置10的运行不是必需的，但用在优选的实施方案中，以进一步减少回洗和清洗溶液的体积。间隔填料12可以由一种或多种组分组成。
一个盖子13安装在组件5的一端14上，以使滤液流15从组件5的末端流入滤液通道9中。
组件座16密封地附接在过滤室11的下端。组件座16包括一个鼓风回洗装置17和一个滤液收集室18。
如上所述，滤液通道9不必位于组件5内。相反，可以用介于盖子13和滤液收集室18或其下游之间的外部连接件来收集从组件5的加盖端出来的滤液。
鼓风/回洗装置17至少部分地环绕滤膜组件5的下部集管8之上的一部分。鼓风/回洗装置17包括一个具有上通孔20和下通孔21的连接室19，所述通孔与连接室19和滤膜组件5处于流体连通。然而，应认识到上通孔和下通孔的功能可以通过一个或多个加长的开口实现，这些加长的开口优选具有不同的宽度，更优选下端比上端更宽。连接室19通过一个管道22与一个进料、鼓风、回洗和排液集管23相连。该实施方案中的连接室19以一个环隙24的形式存在，它通过环隙24内壁25上的通孔20和21实现选择性鼓风、进料和回洗，以使气体、原料液体、回洗液体可以进入组件5，并使废液可从组件5中排出。环隙24可以完全地或部分地环绕滤膜组件5。
应认识到组件座16的功能可以通过单个部件或多个部件实现。
滤液集管26将来自多个组件的滤液收集室18连接到一个共同的出口(未示出)。
鼓风、进料、回洗和排液集管23将来自多个组件的鼓风气体、原料液体、回洗和排出液体连接至一个共同的进口/出口(未示出)。
分别参照图2至图4，现以仅为实例的方式描述本发明的该实施方案的多个操作模式。
重力抽吸模式操作
这种操作模式通过附图中的图2说明，图2示出了位于料液槽2 8中的过滤装置10。虽然示出装置33位于槽28中，但是应认识到槽28仅仅是向过滤室11提供原料液体的一种方法，并且其它的方法，例如泵送、从上部流入液体等也是同样可行的。
过滤
在周围料液槽(surrounding feed tank)28中的原料液体高度29提高至高于过滤室11，以使原料液体30流入过滤室11中。原料液体还可通过鼓风、进料、排液和回洗集管23泵入，并且可将吸力施加在滤液集管26上。显著的压力可通过料液槽28中的高的原料液体高度实现。
原料液体沿过滤室11流下，并被间隔填料12转移至组件5中。然后，将原料液体通过位于组件5中的滤膜6过滤，并且滤液从组件5的末端回收。来自组件5的加盖末端31的滤液通过滤液通道9流至组件5的底端32，并进入滤液集管26。
鼓风
在鼓风步骤中，将周围槽28中的原料液体高度29降低至低于过滤室11的顶端。然后将气体--通常是空气--由鼓风、进料、排液和回洗集管23通入，以向滤膜组件5中鼓风。所述气体流入连接室19，并通过位于组件座16上的鼓风孔20进入滤膜组件5。气体形成气泡，当其上升通过组件5时磨擦滤膜表面。过滤室11中的原料液体的高度应设置成使得在鼓风阶段原料液体不能够从过滤室11中逸出而进入周围槽28的进料液体中。
原料回洗
在原料回洗操作中，将周围槽28中的原料液体高度29降低至低于过滤室11的顶端。然后，将回洗液体通过鼓风、进料、排液和回洗集管23通入。回洗液体流入连接室19并通过位于组件座16上的原料回洗孔21进入滤膜组件5。然后，回洗液体上升通过组件5时磨擦滤膜表面。过滤室11中的原料液体高度29应设置成使得在回洗过程中原料液体不能够从过滤室11中逸出而进入周围槽28的原料液体中。
在另一个可选的原料回洗操作中，通过将槽28中的原料液体高度29提高以使其溢流进入过滤室，从而将回洗原料液体引入过滤室。回洗液体流经组件5并通过鼓风、进料、排液和回洗集管23流出。可在回洗集管上施加吸力。
渗透回洗
在渗透回洗操作中，将周围槽中的原料液体高度29降低至低于过滤室11的顶端。将原料从过滤室11中排出，并通过用渗透回洗液体向滤液集管26加压将渗透回洗液体通入。渗透回洗液体流入腔中并穿过纤维壁流出，从纤维的表面带走固体。在该步骤中，渗透回洗液体和固体可以通过连接室19排出，并进入鼓风、进料、排液和回洗集管。渗透回洗液体的通入速率应设置成使得在渗透回洗过程中渗透回洗液体不能够从过滤室11中逸出而进入周围槽28的原料液体中。
排液
在鼓风和回洗两者之一或两者都完成后，过滤室11中的液体和固体通过位于组件座16上的孔20和21排出，进入鼓风、进料、排液和回洗集管23。
加压模式操作
如图3所示，为用于加压模式下的操作，在过滤室11的顶端提供一个组件33，以使液体只能流入过滤室11而不能从其中流出，并允许气体双向流动。这个实施方案中，组件33包括一个将过滤室11的开口端35封闭的密封锥体34，该锥体上具有一个比密封球37小的开口36。密封球37的有效密度小于原料液体，其位于过滤室11中并自由移动。
本领域技术人员可认识到可使用多种阀门设备以达到所需的功能。
虽然示出组件33位于槽28内，但应认识到槽28仅仅是向过滤室11提供原料液体的一种方法，并且其它的方法，例如泵送、从上部流入液体等也是同样可行的。
过滤
在过滤过程中，原料液体通过鼓风、排液和回洗集管23被引入过滤室11中，并且可向过滤集管26施加吸力。随着过滤室11中的原料液体的高度升高，密封球37向上浮动，封住密封锥体34并关闭开口36，从而使得可向过滤室11加压。
然后，原料液体通过组件5中的滤膜6过滤，并且滤液从组件5的末端回收。来自组件5的加盖末端31的滤液经滤液通道9流至组件5的底端32，并进入滤液集管26。
鼓风
在鼓风过程中，将过滤室11中的原料液体高度29降低，以使密封球37不再与密封锥体34接触，并使过滤室11减压。然后，通过鼓风、进料、排液和回洗集管23通入气体。气体流入连接室19并通过组件座16上的鼓风孔20进入组件5。气体形成气泡，当其上升经过组件5时磨擦滤膜表面。过滤室11中的原料液体的高度应设置成使得在鼓风阶段原料液体不能够从过滤室11中逸出而进入周围槽28的原料液体中。
原料回洗
在原料回洗操作中，将过滤室11中的原料液体高度降低，以使密封球37不再与密封锥体34接触，并使过滤室11减压。周围槽28中的原料液体高度应设置成使得原料液体溢流进入过滤室，以回洗该组件。回洗原料液体流经该组件，从纤维的表面带走固体。回洗液体通过鼓风、进料、排液和回洗集管23排出。可在回洗集管上施加吸力。
渗透回洗
在渗透回洗操作中，将原料从过滤室11内排出，并通过用渗透回洗液体向滤液集管26加压将渗透回洗液体通入。渗透回洗液体流入腔中并穿过纤维壁流出，从纤维表面带走固体。在该步骤中，渗透回洗液体和固体可以通过连接室19排出，并进入鼓风、进料、排液和回洗集管。渗透回洗液体的通入速率应设置成使得在渗透回洗过程中渗透回洗液体不能够从过滤室11中逸出而进入周围槽28的原料液体中。
排液
在鼓风和回洗两者之一或两者都完成后，过滤室11中的液体和固体通过组件座16上的孔20和21排出，进入鼓风、进料、排液和回洗集管23。
高水头模式操作
如图4所示，为用于高水头模式操作，将过滤室11延长至显著超过组件5的高度，以使当过滤室11被充满时，产生跨过滤膜的过滤表面的显著压力。
过滤
在过滤步骤中，原料液体通过组件5、经过鼓风、进料、排液和回洗集管23被引入过滤室11，或者直接进入过滤室直至原料液体高度填满过滤室11。可在过滤集管26上施加吸力。
然后，原料液体通过组件5中的滤膜6过滤，并且滤液从组件5的末端回收。来自组件5的加盖末端31的滤液经滤液通道9流至组件5的底端32，并进入滤液集管26。原料液体的通入速率应使过滤室11中的原料液体高度保持在维持过滤所需的足够压力的受控限度内。
鼓风
气体通过鼓风、进料、排液和回洗集管23通入。鼓风气体流入连接室19并通过组件座16上的鼓风孔20进入所述组件。气体形成气泡，当其上升经过组件5时磨擦滤膜6的表面。
原料回洗
回洗液体通过鼓风、进料、排液和回洗集管23通入。回洗液体流入连接室19并通过组件座16上的进料/回洗孔21进入组件5。回洗液体上升经过组件5时磨擦滤膜表面。
渗透回洗
在渗透回洗操作中，将周围槽28中的原料液体高度29降低至低于过滤室11的顶端。原料从过滤室11内部排出，并通过用渗透回洗液体向滤液集管26加压将渗透回洗液体通入。渗透回洗液体流入纤维6的腔中，并穿过纤维壁流出，从纤维的表面带走固体。在该步骤中，渗透回洗液体和固体可以通过连接室19排出，并进入鼓风、进料、排液和回洗集管。
排液
在鼓风和回洗两者之一或两者都完成后，过滤室11中的液体和固体通过组件座16上的孔20和21排出，进入鼓风、进料、排液和回洗集管23。
应认识到用户可根据所期望的操作结果，以多种组合和顺序实施如上所述的多种回洗操作和步骤。
应认识到在不偏离本发明所述的主旨或范围的情况下，可以使用本发明的其它实施方案和范例。
Claims (35)
1.一种膜过滤装置，包括：
一个滤膜组件，其中具有一个或多个被至少一个集管支持的可渗透中空膜，所述滤膜组件具有一个上部组件端；
一个与所述集管相连并与所述滤膜的腔处于流体连通的滤液收集室，所述滤液收集室用于收集通过所述滤膜腔抽出的滤液；
一个过滤室，用于容纳待施加于所述滤膜组件中滤膜表面的原料液体，所述过滤室具有一个开放的上端和一个封闭的下端，其中所述滤膜组件位于所述过滤室内；以及
一个料液槽，用于通过所述过滤室的所述开放的上端提供原料液体，其中所述过滤室位于所述料液槽中，且其中所述过滤室包围所述滤膜组件且延伸超至超过所述滤膜组件的高度。
2.如权利要求1所述的膜过滤装置，其中所述滤膜在一对间隔对置的集管之间延伸。
3.如权利要求2所述的膜过滤装置，其中一个滤液收集室与所述集管中的一个或两个相连。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的膜过滤装置，其中所述滤膜竖直地位于所述滤膜组件之中，并且所述集管分别是上部集管和下部集管。
5.如权利要求3所述的膜过滤装置，其中在所述滤液收集室之间提供一个滤液通道并且该通道与所述滤液收集室处于流体连通。
6.如权利要求5所述的膜过滤装置，其中所述滤液通道在所述集管之间贯穿所述滤膜组件。
7.如权利要求1所述的膜过滤装置，其中所述过滤室的开放的上端包含一个过滤室开口，并且所述开口具有一个阀门，该阀门允许气体流经但只允许液体流入过滤室。
8.如权利要求7所述的膜过滤装置，其中所述阀门包括一个球阀，其中阀座由过滤室的截去尖端的锥形顶部构成，并且所述开口在圆锥的截断部分形成，并且其中一个直径比所述开口大的球位于过滤室内，并相对于过滤室内的液体具有浮力，以使球随过滤室内液体的高度升高，通过抵靠所述阀座而封闭所述开口。
9.如权利要求1所述的膜过滤装置，其中在所述过滤室和所述滤膜组件之间限定的空间至少部分地被一种或多种填料元件填充。
10.如权利要求1所述的膜过滤装置，其中提供一个与所述过滤室处于流体连通的鼓风回洗装置，用于选择性地使气体和/或液体进入和/或流出所述过滤室。
11.如权利要求1所述的膜过滤装置，其中所述过滤室整体地形成一个元件或包括多个元件。
12.如权利要求2所述的膜过滤装置，其中所述集管中的一个或两个具有一个或多个开口以允许液体流经。
13.一种操作膜过滤系统的方法，该膜过滤系统包括：
一个滤膜组件，其中具有一个或多个被至少一个集管支持的可渗透中空膜，所述滤膜组件具有一个上部组件端；
一个与所述集管相连并与所述滤膜的腔处于流体连通的滤液收集室，所述滤液收集室用于收集通过所述滤膜腔抽出的滤液；
一个过滤室，用于容纳待施加于所述滤膜组件中滤膜外表面的原料液体；所述过滤室具有一个开放的上端和一个封闭的下端，其中所述滤膜组件位于所述过滤室中；以及
一个原料容器，所述过滤室位于所述原料容器中，并且其中所述过滤室包围所述滤膜组件且延伸至超过所述滤膜组件的高度；
所述方法包括以下步骤：
a)从所述原料容器向过滤室提供原料液体，以产生跨滤膜壁的压力差；
b)使液体滤过滤膜壁进入滤膜腔，形成滤液；
c)将滤液从滤膜腔中抽入滤液收集室。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法，其中所述方法包括将原料容器中原料液体的高度升高至高于过滤室的开放的上端的步骤，以将原料液体提供至过滤室。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法，还包括实施鼓风操作的步骤，该操作包括以下步骤：
d)通过使气泡流经所述滤膜的表面而向组件中的滤膜鼓气。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法，还包括下述步骤：
e)在所述鼓风步骤中防止液体从过滤室中流出。
17.如权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述方法包括将原料容器中原料液体的高度在所述鼓风步骤之前降低至低于过滤室的开放的上端的步骤。
18.如权利要求13所述的方法，还包括进行原料液体回洗操作的步骤，该操作包括以下步骤：
d)通过使原料液体流过所述滤膜的表面而回洗滤膜组件中的滤膜。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法，还包括下述步骤，
e)在所述回洗步骤中防止液体从过滤室中流出。
20.如权利要求18所述的方法，其中所述方法包括将原料容器中原料液体的高度在所述回洗步骤之前降低至低于过滤室的开放的上端的步骤。
21.如权利要求18所述的方法，其中原料液体通过所述集管上的一个或多个开口从所述组件中流出。
22.如权利要求18所述的方法，其中所述方法包括将原料容器中原料液体的高度升高至高于过滤室的开放的上端的步骤，以使原料液体在所述回洗步骤之前和/或期间流入过滤室。
23.如权利要求13所述的方法，还包括进行滤液回洗操作的步骤，该操作包括以下步骤：
d)暂停过滤操作；
e)通过使滤液流入滤膜腔并经过滤膜壁，从而回洗所述滤膜组件中的滤膜，以从所述滤膜上除去累积的固体；
f)从所述过滤室中除去含有所述累积的固体的滤液回洗液体。
24.如权利要求23所述的方法，其中所述方法还包括以下步骤：
g)将原料容器中原料液体的高度在所述回洗步骤之前降低至低于过滤室的开放的上端的高度；
h)设置滤液回洗液体进入过滤室的流速以及从过滤室中除去滤液回洗液体的速度，以使得没有滤液从过滤室中进入所述原料容器中。
25.如权利要求13至24中任一项所述的方法，还包括在所述鼓风操作和/或所述回洗操作之后，从所述过滤室中除去液体的步骤。
26.一种操作膜过滤系统的方法，该膜过滤系统包括：
一个滤膜组件，其中具有一个或多个被至少一个集管支持的可渗透中空膜，所述滤膜组件具有一个上部组件端；
一个与所述集管相连并与所述滤膜的腔处于流体连通的滤液收集室，所述滤液收集室用于收集通过所述滤膜腔抽出的滤液；
一个在其上端包括一个开口的过滤室，用于容纳待施加于所述滤膜组件中滤膜外表面的原料液体；所述开口由一个允许气体流经但只允许液体流入所述过滤室的阀门控制；
其中所述滤膜组件位于所述过滤室中；以及
一个原料容器，所述过滤室位于所述原料容器中，并且其中所述过滤室包围所述滤膜组件且延伸至超过所述滤膜组件的高度；
所述方法包括以下步骤：
a)向过滤室提供原料液体，以使控制过滤室开口的阀门关闭，从而防止液体流出过滤室；
b)继续向过滤室提供原料液体以向过滤室加压，并产生跨滤膜壁的压力差；
c)使液体滤过滤膜壁进入滤膜腔，形成滤液；
d)将滤液从滤膜腔中抽入滤液收集室。
27.如权利要求26所述的方法，还包括进行鼓风操作的步骤，所述操作包括以下步骤：
e)打开所述阀门使过滤室减压；
f)通过使气泡流经所述滤膜的表面从而向滤膜组件中的滤膜鼓风。
28.如权利要求27所述的方法，其中所述方法还包括以下步骤：
g)将原料容器中原料液体的高度在所述回洗步骤之前降低至低于过滤室开口的高度，使所述阀门打开；
h)防止液体在所述回洗步骤中从过滤室流入所述原料容器内。
29.如权利要求26所述的方法，还包括进行原料液体回洗操作的步骤，所述操作包括以下步骤：
e)将所述阀门打开以使过滤室减压；
f)通过使原料液体流过所述滤膜的表面而回洗滤膜组件中的滤膜。
30.如权利要求29所述的方法，其中所述方法还包括以下步骤：
g)将原料容器中原料液体的高度在所述回洗步骤之前降低至低于过滤室开口的高度，从而使所述阀门打开；
h)防止液体在所述回洗步骤中从过滤室流入所述原料容器内。
31.如权利要求26所述的方法，还包括进行原料液体回洗操作的步骤，所述操作包括以下步骤：
e)降低原料容器中原料液体的高度，以使所述阀门打开并使过滤室减压，同时保持原料液体的高度高于过滤室开口的高度，以使原料液体流入过滤室；
f)通过使过滤室中的所述原料液体流经所述滤膜的表面而回洗组件中的滤膜。
32.如权利要求31所述的方法，其中原料液体经过所述集管的一个或多个开口流出所述组件。
33.如权利要求26所述的方法，还包括进行滤液回洗操作的步骤，所述操作包括以下步骤：
e)暂停过滤操作；
f)通过使滤液流进滤膜腔并穿过滤膜壁而回洗组件中的滤膜，以从所述滤膜上除去累积的固体；
g)从所述过滤室中除去含有所述累积的固体的滤液回洗液体。
34.如权利要求33所述的方法，其中所述方法还包括以下步骤：
g)在所述回洗步骤前降低原料容器中原料液体的高度，以使所述阀门打开并使过滤室减压；以及
h)设置滤液回洗液体进入所述过滤室的流速以及从过滤室中除去滤液回洗液体的速度，以使得没有滤液从过滤室中进入所述原料容器中。
35.如权利要求26至34的任一项所述的方法，还包括在所述鼓风操作和/或所述回洗操作之后从所述过滤室中除去液体的步骤。
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- 2006-08-22 NZ NZ565795A patent/NZ565795A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-08-22 CN CN2006800383498A patent/CN101287538B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-08-22 AT AT06761008T patent/ATE511911T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-08-22 KR KR1020087006889A patent/KR20080045231A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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- 2006-08-22 US US12/064,409 patent/US8858796B2/en active Active
- 2006-08-22 WO PCT/AU2006/001215 patent/WO2007022576A1/en active Application Filing
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| SG140229A1 (en) | 2008-03-28 |
| MY146286A (en) | 2012-07-31 |
| CA2618107A1 (en) | 2007-03-01 |
| EP1945333A4 (en) | 2010-04-14 |
| JP2009504399A (ja) | 2009-02-05 |
| US8894858B1 (en) | 2014-11-25 |
| KR20080045231A (ko) | 2008-05-22 |
| US20140326682A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 |
| US20080190846A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
| NZ565795A (en) | 2011-03-31 |
| EP1945333B1 (en) | 2011-06-08 |
| US8858796B2 (en) | 2014-10-14 |
| CN101287538A (zh) | 2008-10-15 |
| ATE511911T1 (de) | 2011-06-15 |
| SG164499A1 (en) | 2010-09-29 |
| WO2007022576A1 (en) | 2007-03-01 |
| EP1945333A1 (en) | 2008-07-23 |
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