CN101317175A - 分布式地理信息系统中的实体显示优先级 - Google Patents

分布式地理信息系统中的实体显示优先级 Download PDF

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CN101317175A
CN101317175A CNA2006800443272A CN200680044327A CN101317175A CN 101317175 A CN101317175 A CN 101317175A CN A2006800443272 A CNA2006800443272 A CN A2006800443272A CN 200680044327 A CN200680044327 A CN 200680044327A CN 101317175 A CN101317175 A CN 101317175A
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CN101317175B (zh
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M·T·琼斯
B·麦克伦登
A·P·查拉尼雅
M·阿什布里奇
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Abstract

描述了一种用于对地理空间实体进行排名的系统。在一种实施方式中,该系统包括接口和实体排名模块,其中该接口用于接收关于多个地理空间实体的排名数据。该模块使用排名机制来基于该排名数据生成用于地理空间实体的布置排名。实体排名模块生成的经过排名的实体数据存储在数据库中。实体排名模块可以被配置为对多个不同属性进行评估,以确定地理空间实体的总分数。该实体排名模块可以被配置为将经过排名的实体数据组织成地标层。

Description

分布式地理信息系统中的实体显示优先级
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求2006年10月11日提交的美国专利申请号为11/548,689、以及2005年10月12日提交的美国临时申请号为60/726,505的权益,在此通过参考将其整体并入。
技术领域
本发明涉及制图系统,并且更具体地,涉及为了将地理实体布置在地理显示上而对其设置优先级的技术。
背景技术
地理信息系统(GIS)是一种用于对数据进行存档、检索以及管理的系统,其中该数据根据其元素的地理坐标被索引和存储。该系统通常可以利用各种数据类型,诸如图像、地图和表。在历史上,GIS技术已经用于科学和政府研究(例如,用于标识受到污染和过度建造影响的地理区域)、资源管理(例如,区域性林业观测)、以及发展规划(例如,未被利用的地理区域的郊区发展)。
近来,GIS技术正被集成到基于互联网的制图应用中。用户可以利用地标(placemark)来注释数字地图位置(例如,利用图标或者其他图形在地图上指明)。某些地标允许用户写与地标所标记位置相关的简短描述,而其他地标则允许用户改变与该地标相关联的标签和/或图标类型。但是,在很多情况下,可用地标的数目是很大的。
因此,需要对将要显示在基于GIS的地图上的地标(以及其他地图实体)设置优先级的技术。
发明内容
上述需求通过在此描述的用于生成设置了优先级的实体数据的技术而得到满足。
在实施方式中,地理信息系统(GIS)包括关于多个地理空间实体的信息,并且该地理信息系统被配置为根据排名机制而对地理空间实体设置优先级。排名机制使用关于地理空间实体的元属性来确定地理空间实体的优先级。元属性可以在不同实现中变化,但是在一个实施方式中,元属性包括关于地理空间实体的可用信息的质量。
在另一实施方式中,计算机实现的方法可以用来对地理空间实体进行排名。该方法包括几个步骤,包括接收地理空间实体数据、评价包括在所接收地理空间实体数据中的地理空间实体属性、基于该评价而对该地理空间实体进行排名、以及存储经过排名的地理空间实体数据。
本发明的另一实施方式提供了一个或多个机器可读介质(例如,一个或多个压缩盘、磁盘、服务器、记忆棒或者硬盘驱动器),其中对这样的指令进行编码,当由一个或多个处理器执行该指令时,该指令使得该一个或者多个处理器执行对地理空间实体进行排名的处理。此处理例如可以与在此描述的方法类似或者是在此描述的方法的变体。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明实施方式的、具有实体排名能力的GIS系统的框图。
图2是根据本发明一种实施方式的、图1所示实体排名模块的框图。
图3示出了根据本发明实施方式的、用于生成和提供设置了优先级的实体的方法。
图4示出了根据本发明实施方式的、用于请求和接收包括设置了优先级的地标的地图的方法。
图5描述了根据本发明实施方式的、包括设置了优先级的地标的GIS地图。
附图仅出于说明的目的描述了本发明各种实施方式。本领域技术人员可以从下述描述中容易地认识到:在不脱离在此描述的本发明原理的前提下,也可以使用在此描述的结构和方法的可替换实施方式。
具体实施方式
公开了一种地理信息系统(GIS),其向用户提供了更大的灵活性、实用工具以及信息。系统还可以被配置为分布式地理信息系统(DGIS)。该系统采用了对将要显示在基于GIS的地图上的那些地标(以及其他地图实体)设置优先级的技术。
概述
常见做法是,地理信息系统基于几种标准的任意一种标准来提供用于选择进行显示的可用地理特征子集的机制。例如,可以将世界城市的数据库加载到这样的系统,然后请求只看美国境内的那些城市、人口超过一百万的那些城市、或者也许同时符合这些条件的那些城市。在该最后一种情形中,如果使用的是1990年的人口数据,则纽约市、洛杉矶、芝加哥、休斯顿、费城、圣地亚哥、底特律以及达拉斯会被显示。
进一步地,某些交互式地理信息系统在不同的观看距离处支持不同的特征可见性标准。例如,选择标准可以这样构建,即当视图是北美大陆的视图(观看距离1)时,只显示人口超过一百万的城市;然后,当视点下降到在显示区域中包括单个州(观看距离2)时,选择标准另外包括人口超过100,000的城市;最后当视图下降到州或者县内(观看距离3)时,选择标准被修改为包括更小的城市。在GIS领域中这些技术和相关技术公知为“选择”,并且在计算机图形生成领域中公知为“可见性剔除”以及“细节层次管理”。
本发明的实施方式被配置为,根据每个实体按照其排名的相对重要性,来确定“多个中的哪几个”地理空间项目或者实体显示在地图上。这样的排名可以基于外在因素生成,该外在因素诸如实体对于用户的受欢迎度(例如,地理空间项目访问的数量和/或速度)、信息质量(例如,分别针对地理空间项目的信息源以及地理空间项目作者的社区地位)、以及关于地理空间特征的类似元数据。例如,如果交互式GIS系统的很多用户观看特定的小城市(例如,内华达州的亨德森),则本发明的实施方式会将用于显示的足够重要的位置排名给予该城市,使得将该城市与人口超过一百万的主要城市一起显示。这样,便为用户示出了他们在交互式地理空间信息系统内的可视搜索区域中最可能感兴趣的地理空间实体。地理空间项目的排名可以进一步基于位置、距离、或者地理空间特征的其他内在属性,诸如位置和高度(缩放水平)。
尽管在此主要在选择实体以便在地图上显示给用户的上下文中描述了地理空间实体的排名,但是排名也可以用于其他目的,根据本公开这将是显而易见的。示例包括:选择哪些实体应该具有用于确定并显示相关广告的相关联关键字;选择哪些实体应该被建议作为导航计算中的潜在源、目的或者途中点(waypoint);以及希望对地理空间实体的最受欢迎子集或者最感兴趣子集进行估计的其他用途。在这种应用中,可以将根据本发明实施方式生成的经过排名的实体数据提供给除上下文所需数字制图系统之外或者代替该数字制图系统的各种系统。
使用这种实体排名信息,可以生成包括与地理空间实体相对应地标的二维或三维数字地图。在一种这样的实施方式中,GIS生成的地图可以包括关于地理空间实体的几种类型的数据。例如,地图可以包括诸如地形的地理特征,包括公路、铁路和机场的基础设施,建筑物,和/或地貌的边界。地图还可以利用关于政府实体和服务的信息进行注释,这些信息诸如公园和娱乐服务,联邦、州或者地方政府地界标志,以及社区服务。这些注释和其他注释可以以属于一个或多个类别的地标形式呈现,这些地标包括代表商业的商业地标、包括例如历史名胜和旅游胜地的旅游地标、已经由用户为个人用途或社区用途而标识并命名的用户定义地标、和/或已经由论坛中公众的成员自愿定义的社区地标。在一个具体实施方式中,地图上呈现的信息被组织成集合,该集合包括层,诸如地形层、公路层、边界层、社区地标层等。其他层包括“当前事件”、“历史”和“教育”,并且指示从中取出该层的源的组织分类学。用户可以与地图交互并且打开或者关闭各种信息层。在实施方式中,提供基本层或核心层,该基本层或核心层包括数据的基本子集(例如,地形、主要公路和政治边界),并且用户可以选择附加层来定制地图视图。各种第三方内容提供商及广告商可以提供能够覆盖到这种基本地图上的单独的数据层。
根据此公开能够理解的是,在此描述的地标排名方法可以结合任何常规的、专用的和/或新兴的技术使用以生成数字地图。在常规栅格地图的情况下,例如,地标和其他类型的地图数据用于在地图服务器处创建诸如.jpeg、.gif或者.png之类的数字格式地图,然后将该地图递送到客户端。管理地图的请求或者与地图进行交互的请求从客户端提供到服务器,接着,服务器生成请求的地图视图。在平铺式栅格地图的情况下,包括地标数据的、预先生成的栅格化图像或者“片段(tile)”存储在地图服务器上。当用户提交地图查询时,栅格化的图像被提供到客户端,在客户端,这些图像用于创建所请求的地图。可以在客户端使用片段来生成基于例如平移、缩放或者倾斜所请求的地图的附加视图。基于向量的方法还可以用于按照本发明的其他实施方式产生数字地图。在一种这样的具体情况中,包括地标数据的地图数据由地图服务器以向量图形指令的形式提供给客户端。该指令由客户端的应用实时地解译,以产生用于用户的地图。由于用户通过例如包括或者排除包括地理空间实体的各个层来与地图进行交互,可以在客户端动态地更新地图以便包括那些层。同样,由于用户通过例如缩放或者平移而与地图交互,所以可以在客户端动态地重新生成地图以便包括新的地图视图。
贯穿本公开始终参考地理信息系统(GIS)。如所知,GIS可以实现为分布式地理信息系统(DGIS),其中例如,GIS组件跨越诸如互联网或者公司企业的网络分布在不同物理位置中的两个或更多不同计算机上。在此还参考Google Earth,Google Earth是基于GIS的数字地球,其包括诸如服务器、客户端和其他组件和特征的各种元素,这些将根据本公开而变得显而易见。还参考Google EarthCommunity,Google Earth Community是参与的公众的成员创建、定义、描述并讨论地标和实体的论坛。注意,“Google Earth”和“GoogleEarth Community”以及在此提供的描述可以受到其他知识产权形式的保护,并且仅用作参考的目的。
系统架构
图1是根据本发明实施方式的、具有实体排名能力的数字地图系统100的高级示意图。系统100包括经由网络160可通信地耦合至一个或多个客户端110的地图服务器系统150。地图服务器系统150耦合至由GIS 170填充的(例如,离线或者实时地)经过排名的实体数据的数据库140。GIS 170设置有实体排名模块120A,该实体排名模块120A应用排名机制或者算法以便确定地理空间实体的相对排名。这些实体可以例如基于从各种外部源180提供到GIS 170的数据而在GIS 170内定义。经过排名的实体存储在数据库140中并提供到地图服务器系统150,该地图服务器系统150使用经过排名的实体数据来生成用于客户端110的地图。在所示系统100中,还呈现了客户端侧实体排名模块120B-120C,用于提供附加的实体排名功能。例如,根据可替换实施方式,地图服务器系统150可以将经过排名的实体数据提供到客户端110,用于在客户端侧生成地图和经过排名的实体数据层。重客户端功能原理和轻客户端功能原理等同地应用于此适用,根据本公开这将是显而易见的。
其他模块可以包括在系统中,并且示出的模块可以重新安排且功能可以是分布式的。例如,GIS 170可以集成在地图服务器系统150中。类似地,GIS的实体排名模块120A可以是独立的模块。可以存在完全在GIS系统100中实现或者与GIS系统100一起实现的单个实体排名模块120A,而无需客户端侧110处的任何实体排名模块120B-120C。在另一实施方式中,实体排名由客户端110处的实体排名模块120B-120C严格地实现。根据此公开,其它配置将会是显而易见的,并且本发明并不意在限制为任何具体的配置。在此示例中,术语“模块”涉及用于提供特定功能的计算机程序逻辑或者软件。当客户端设备120或者地图服务器系统150利用模块时,该模块可以被加载到存储器中并在处理器上执行,在其他实施方式中,模块可以以硬件(例如,门级逻辑),固件(例如,具有用于执行在此描述的实体排名的嵌入式例程的微控制器),软件,或者硬件、固件和/或软件的某种组合。
客户端110可以是允许用户经由网络160访问地图服务器系统150的任何设备。客户端110可以是配置用于计算的设备或系统,诸如个人计算机或膝上型计算机、移动电话、个人数字助理、智能电话、位于车辆中的导航系统、或者便携式GPS系统。其他客户端110(未示出)也可以经由网络160与地图服务器系统150进行通信。
通常,每个客户端110包括应用,诸如允许用户与诸如网络160上的地图服务器系统150之类的系统对接和通信的浏览器。浏览器的示例包括Microsoft的Internet Explorer浏览器、Netscape的Navigator浏览器、Mozilla的Firefox浏览器、PalmSource的WebBrowser、或者能够与网络160通信的任何其他浏览或应用软件。可替换地或者附加地,客户端110可以包括在浏览器外实现的应用,诸如专业制图或者地理应用,通过它们可以访问地图服务器系统150上的数据。与地图服务器系统150的交互可以通过插件或者其他本地实现的可执行架构来完成。
GIS 170可以用常规技术进行配置,但是进一步包括根据本发明原理配置的实体排名模块120A。GIS 170从各种源180接收数据,基于该数据实体排名模块120A可以确定经过排名的实体数据。地理空间实体和排名数据(通过该排名数据可以对地理空间实体进行排名)都表示在数据中。这些类型的数据可以以结构化的或者非结构化的形式提供给GIS 170。例如,在可以以结构化的形式提供城市名称和地理形式的实体数据的同时,可以以非结构化的形式提供例如社区评论或评级形式的排名数据。或者,可以从相同的结构化源或者非结构化源提供实体数据或者排名数据,其中该结构化源例如标识城市及其人口,而该非结构化源诸如社区公告板,在该社区公告板中定义了实体并提供了利用其可以对实体进行排名的数据。
地图系统100的实体排名能力由一个或多个实体排名模块120提供。实体排名模块120收集实体数据和利用其可以对地理空间实体进行评级的排名数据。此数据可以从包括GIS 170、外部源180和客户端110的各种源提供。参照图2进一步详细描述了这些源。模块120使用排名数据来评估地理空间实体,以便为每个实体确定分数或排名。在实施方式中,模块120还将实体与地图的地标相关联,并基于例如一定地标密度或者地图视图高度来生成地标的层或者分组。得到的实体和实体层可以存储在经过排名的实体数据库140、客户端110或其他任何地方。参照图2将进一步详细描述这些能力中的每一种能力。
在包括服务器120A和客户端侧实体排名模块120B-120C的系统中,客户端侧模块120B-120C可以提供补充排名,用于在为客户端110产生地图时使用。在一种这样的实施方式中,服务器侧实体排名模块120A提供了其排名是由通用排名数据确定的通用地标,而客户端侧实体排名模块120B-120C提供了已经使用关于用户、他们的行为或者他们的偏好的个人数据进行排名的个人地标。
网络160可以是任何类型的通信网络,诸如局域网(例如,内联网)、广域网(例如,互联网)或者其某些组合。可替换地,网络160可以是客户端110和地图服务器系统150之间的直接连接。通常,客户端110、网络160、和/或地图服务器系统150可以经由任何有线或无线连接使用多种通信协议进行通信。
地图服务器系统150可利用常规或者定制技术实现。各种已知服务器架构及功能可以用来实现GIS服务器系统。进一步地,地图服务器系统150可以包括在负载均衡机制下操作的一个或多个服务器,每个服务器(或者服务器组合)被配置为对客户端110做出响应并经由网络160与客户端110进行交互。在一种具体实施方式中,如2002年10月10日提交的名称为“Server for Geospatially OrganizedFlat File Data”的美国申请号10/270,272中所讨论的那样实现服务器系统150,在此将该申请并入。
通常,当客户端计算机110的用户输入搜索查询(例如,经由浏览器和客户端侧代理)时,该搜索查询被客户端110放入请求中,并且被经由网络160发送到地图服务器系统150。服务器系统160随后确定该搜索查询是用于什么目的,并利用来自诸如地理编码器、路由引擎和本地搜索索引的各种子系统的、按照进行请求的客户端可以用其将数据呈送(例如,经由浏览器或者其他应用)给用户的格式的适当数据进行响应。
在与服务器系统150结合使用的情况下,GIS 170和经过排名的实体数据库140提供地图系统100,该地图系统通过互联网或者其他网络160提供地图和GIS数据。地图系统100允许用户使地理信息(例如,在全世界或者在具体区域中的)形象化、选择以及浏览该地理信息。实体排名模块120A可以被配置为基于与每个地理空间特征(或者地理空间特征的子集)相关联的各种属性来放置排名可用的地图数据项目。这些属性可以是地理空间特征的外在属性或者内在属性,代表特征的元属性,和/或反映用户的个人行为。基于按照这些属性对实体进行的排名,向用户示出了交互式GIS内的用户可视搜索区域中最可能感兴趣的地理空间实体。
实体排名模块
图2是根据本发明一个实施方式的、可以在客户端计算机或者服务器侧GIS处实现的实体排名模块120的高级框图。实体排名模块120通过接口250从关于地理空间实体的各种源接收或者收集数据。数据包含实体数据210和排名数据220两者,其中实体数据210标识并定义了地理空间实体,排名数据220可以用于对地理空间实体进行评估。实体数据210可以包括地标级数据。排名引擎230将一个或多个排名算法或者排名机制应用到排名数据220,以确定实体数据210中定义的地理空间实体的分数。得到的经过排名的实体数据可以通过接口250提供到诸如制图应用的请求应用。或者,经过排名的实体数据可以由地标层生成器240在地标层中形成。可以以任何形式将经过排名的实体数据存储并提供给地图服务器系统或者其他应用。实体排名模块120包括存储器260,在该存储器260中存储有收集的数据,包括从客户端收集的数据。
实体排名模块120可以从任意数目的源接收实体数据210以及关于实体的排名数据220。数据可以包括卫星数据、航摄照片、街道级照片、数字地图数据、表式数据(例如,数字黄页和白页)、以及目标数据库数据(例如,餐厅、餐馆、博物馆和/或学校的数据库;地震活动的数据库;国家纪念碑的数据库等)。数据还可以包括政府人口普查和人口数据、建筑规划数据、人口统计数据、以及可替换的名称数据,其中人口统计数据包括与地理空间实体相关联的社会经济属性,诸如邮编或城镇。在一个具体实施方式中,数据包括第三方供应商收集的专属内容,并且从该专属内容导出的地标仅可以由已经专门针对该专属内容付费或者订阅该专属内容的用户访问。
尽管这些源包括关于地理空间实体的结构化数据,但是按照关于地理空间实体属性的信息形式的排名数据220和地理空间实体210的定义也可以以非结构化形式提供。这样的数据可以从互联网上的网站获得,和/或从各种源挑选或提供,其中各种源包括处于公开、秘密或者半公开设置的社区论坛,诸如Google Earth Community、在线留言板、或者用户可以在其中定义并描述地理空间实体的其他虚拟空间。在Google Earth Community的情况下,例如,用户可以对实体发布帖子,然后可以在后续帖子上提供对实体的描述或者对最初帖子的回复。实体排名模块120还可以从可能特定于用户或客户端设备110的一个或多个客户端110接收数据。如下面更详细地描述,此数据可以用于定制排名和/或用户的体验。
地理空间实体的示例包括城市名称和位置、用户定义的实体、商业实体、在web搜索中找到的地理空间项目、或者具有地理关联性的任何项目(例如,物理事物、事件或质量)。这样,地理空间实体包括与物理位置(诸如地球或月球上地理坐标的集合)相关联的几何形状及描述。在地理空间实体本质上是非地理性的情况下,诸如1812年战争,则此几何形状可以对应于与该事件相关联的位置。这样,实体可以对应于单个或多个物理地点或描述。例如,GoogleEarth中的地理空间实体可以是单个对象或者可以是对象的分层文件夹(folder),其中的每个对象也可以是另一文件夹或实体。这样,尽管某些实体表示一个地理空间对象,但是其他实体可以具有总共表示多个地理空间对象的文件夹。反过来,单个实体可以对应于一个或多个地标。例如,像“奥克兰加油站”的实体可以包括几个不同的物理位置,每个位置由分离的地标表示。
排名数据220可以描述实体的属性,该属性可以由排名引擎230进行评估,以便确定实体的排名,在实施方式中,属性定义了特定用户对实体的兴趣度。这样的兴趣度可以用来对交互式地理空间信息系统(诸如,Google Earth)内的用户可视搜索的区域中的各种地理空间实体进行排名,使得能够启用客户端侧实体显示优先级设置。如接下来要解释的,对于地理空间实体的“兴趣度”可以通过测量或者确定与该实体相关联的各种类型的外部数据来确定。在一种这样的实施方式中,这种通过对应权重调整的测量形成了增大(例如,通过加法或乘法)实体分数或排名的加分(bonus)。这样,相对于较低排名的(较少感兴趣的)实体,可以给予较高排名的实体进行显示的优先级。如通常所作的,还可以考虑GIS系统的内在数据(例如,缩放水平)。
在另一实施方式中,排名数据220包括用户对某些地标的感兴趣的各种指示。例如,用户在浏览器或者应用水平已经保存或者注释的地标可以视为用户对其更感兴趣。用户的搜索术语或者Web页面访问或使用的模式也可以与某些地理空间实体相关联,并且可以由客户端或者服务器上的实体排名模块120使用,以便为用户选择地标。另外,可以认为用户为其自己使用而定义的地标是个人非常感兴趣的。在一种这样的实施方式中,在地图中标识并标记这样的地理空间实体,该地理空间实体包括用户感兴趣的或者与用户个人相关的点,诸如用户房屋的位置、工作场所、幼儿园、或者喜欢的游乐场,而无论GIS计算的它们的相对排名是什么,其中该地图是这些元素附近的任何地图。用户感兴趣的这些指示和其他指示可以根据用户的行为来估量,或者可以处于关于由用户确切提供的实体的偏好或者指令的形式,例如,指示在地图服务器系统提供的地图中包含或者排除特定实体或者实体组。可以基于用户的兴趣或者偏好将排名费用(premium)指派给地理空间实体。在客户端收集的用户数据可以存储在实体排名模块的存储器260中,并由排名引擎230使用,以便生成用户个人的实体排名。
排名引擎230包括用于基于包含在排名数据220中的实体属性描述来对实体进行排名的模块。根据所提供数据的类型,排名引擎230可以使用多种机制来评估地理空间实体,这将在以下进行描述。
由排名引擎230排名的实体被地标层生成器240组织到层中。这可以通过确定细节层次以及将要例如与给定高度或者密度关联的阈值来完成。例如,当用户的查询隐含大于给定阈值的多个实体时,仅提供布置排名高于某个阈值的那些实体。例如,假设可以在当前地图视图中显示的实体总数目的给定阈值为50,而且布置排名阈值为80。如果用户的查询隐含超过100个地理空间实体,并且有35个实体的布置排名高于80,则服务器系统将对这35个实体以及15个次高排名的实体进行服务,以便在进行请求的客户端处显示。可替换地,所有生成的隐含的地理空间实体用于客户端侧的实体排名模块120,然后该客户端侧实体排名模块120(以类似于服务器侧功能性的方式)确定那些实体中的哪些将被显示。或者,服务器侧实体排名和客户端侧实体排名两者都可以执行,其中服务器系统提供了已排名实体的集合,然后客户端显示所提供的集合的子集。可以根据除了高度和密度以外的标准(包括概念上的、空间上的、时间上的或者其他分组)将地标细分到层中。在一种具体实施方式中,地标层生成器还将式样应用到各种地标并且将式样与地标层一起存储。
排名机制
本发明的一个实施方式是用于计算地理空间实体与其他这类实体相比的相对排名的方法,其中地理空间实体诸如城市名称和位置、用户定义的实体、商业实体、或者在web搜索中找到的地理空间项目。这些相对排名由排名引擎230确定并且在GIS中使用(例如,如参照图1的客户端侧实体排名所讨论的),以便当并非所有实体都能被选择用于显示时对实体进行显示,例如以便示出最高排名的实体或者最低排名的实体,或者可能示出所选择范围内的实体。
在实施方式中,这种可以称为布置排名的排名是基于关于地理空间实体的各种非绘图元属性的加权贡献(contribution)而计算的。这些属性反映了与地理空间实体相关联的抽象和表示的特性,而不是直接测量物理地点的特征,诸如其人口。示例包括实体描述的属性(例如,观看实体描述中的细节数量或者描述的次数)、实体定义的属性(例如,实体定义的上下文或者下载,或者关于在公共论坛中创建实体的属性)、地理空间实体受欢迎度的指示符(诸如对实体或与该实体相关联的地标观看、下载或者点击的数目,或者基于指派给实体的排名或者分数的属性),或者实体与其上下文(诸如实体所属类别)的关系。适合于这些类别中每一个的属性在以下进行更详细描述:
·实体描述中细节的数量。基于越多词语意味着越多信息的假设,与较短描述相比,较长的描述被给予较高的分数。在此处描述的排名系统的一个实施方式中,此加分(增大的分数)基于描述文本中的字符数目,而不考虑在所选字母编码中表示该字符所需的字节数(例如,从而对需要更多数据进行编码的语言进行了规范化)。作为一种对“空的”或者“只有签名”的文本减小权重的方式,可以当描述的大小小于可选择的阈值时评估细节惩罚。
·由特定作者或者源创建的实体数目。假定提供多个实体的源比几乎没有创建实体的源更可靠。这里的排名加分对工作量和经验进行奖励,并且应用于用户创建的实体(用户定义的布置或者对象)以及从更大数据库和商业提供商取得的实体。
·公开发布的地理空间实体的上下文。某些地理空间实体来源于公共论坛(诸如,Google Earth Community),并通过该来源而变得与该论坛(例如,罗马的社会生活)的上下文相关联。由于用户搜索的上下文也是公知的,所以在此描述的排名系统的实施方式对论坛中发布的与用户具有共同或类似上下文的实体给予排名加分。
·对公开发布的地理空间实体回复的数目。某些地理空间实体来源于公共论坛(诸如Google Earth Community),并且在这种上下文中,对关于这种实体的对话存在这样的可能,其中论坛的某些帖子是实体的说明,并且后续的帖子是对该实体说明帖子的回复,带有讨论和附加信息。在这些情况下,可以基于回复的数目将排名加分记入实体。回复可以自动或者由版主手动地来有选择地计数,以便避免对不相关回复(例如,脱离主题、口水战等)的计数。
·公开发布的地理空间实体的观看数目。某些地理空间实体来源于公共论坛(诸如,Google Earth Community),并且在这种上下文下,与其他帖子相比,这些论坛的读者可能更频繁地看一些这样的帖子。由于观看的频率(或者类似动作,诸如重复观看或者加书签)反映对该项目的兴趣,所以在此描述的排名系统的实施方式基于对描述实体的网页的观看数目将排名加分给予实体。当在时间上进行考虑时,实体观看的发生率可能随着时间的推移不均匀地发生,诸如与自然灾害相关联的实体伴随有显著峰值(publicity spike)的这种情况。在这种情况下例如优选的是:认为广泛散布在样本间隔中的1000次观看表明更大的兴趣,而不认为在短时间间隔内的900次观看而其后较长时间间隔内跟随有100次观看表明更大的兴趣。为了反映这种兴趣水平的变化,在此描述的排名系统的实施方式允许可选地认为观看次数是时间序列,并应用统计学测量来分析兴趣的分布。在一种这样的实施方式中,平均分布的实体排名加分高于不平均分布,尽管选择负值作为此加分的权重将有效地颠倒被认为最感兴趣的分布类。
·公开发布的地理空间实体的下载数目。某些地理空间实体来源于公共论坛(诸如,Google Earth Community),并且在这种上下文中,与其他帖子相比,这些论坛的读者可能更频繁地从一些这种帖子下载实体数据。由于下载频率(例如,用户点击进入实体)反映了对项目的极度兴趣,所以在此描述的排名系统的实施方式基于实体的下载次数而给予实体排名加分。当在时间上进行考虑时,实体下载的发生率随着时间的推移可以不均匀地发生,诸如与自然灾害相关联的实体伴随有显著峰值的这种情况。在这种情况下例如优选的是:认为广泛分布在样本间隔中的1000次下载表明更大的兴趣,而不认为在短时间间隔内的900次下载而其后较长时间间隔内跟随有100次下载表明更大的兴趣。为了反映这种兴趣水平的变化,在此描述的排名系统的实施方式允许可选地认为下载次数是时间序列,并应用统计测量来分析兴趣的分布。在一种这样的实施方式中,平均分布的实体排名加分高于不平均分布,尽管选择负值作为此加分的权重将有效地颠倒被认为最感兴趣的分布类。
·公开发布的地理空间实体的作者的社区地位。某些地理空间实体来源于公共论坛(诸如,Google Earth Community),并且在这种上下文中,为每个实体标识作者。在这些论坛中,作者可以具有社区地位或者基于发帖数量、这些论坛读者感觉的帖子质量、作者地位的公共常识、成员资格水平(例如,版主、会员、付费会员、游客等)以及类似因素的状态。在此描述的排名系统的实施方式基于其作者在这种在线社区的地位而给予实体排名加分。
·包含在多个实体整体内的实体数目。例如,Google Earth中的地理空间实体可以是单个对象,或者可以是对象的分级文件夹,其中的每个对象也可以是另一文件夹或实体。由于此,某些实体表示一个地理空间对象,而其他实体可以具有聚集起来表示很多地理空间对象的文件夹。由于聚集起来的集合含有更多信息,所以在此描述的排名系统的实施方式给予其排名加分。例如,奖励可以基于实体中位置的总数量(例如,如果有5个位置,则奖励=5;如果有10个位置,则奖励=7;如果有15个位置,则奖励=10,并且如果有20个或者多于20个位置,则奖励=15)。当多个实体整体具有更多内部文件夹而不是较少内部文件夹时,在此描述的排名系统的又一实施方式为其指派了更高的排名加分。这反映了这样的感觉,即,具有使用文件夹的详细分段的实体可能在其他方面也更为详细。实际上,此加分是基于包含在多实体整体内的文件夹数量而计算的,或者与文件夹数量成比例,或者以分段方式(例如,如果有5个文件夹,则奖励=5;如果有10个文件夹,则奖励=7;如果有15个文件夹,则奖励=10;以及有20个或多于20个的文件夹,则奖励=15)。
·实体定义的相对年龄。某些地理空间实体来源于公共论坛(诸如Google Earth Community),并且在这种上下文中,为每个实体标识创建日期。当两个或者多于两个的实体在位置上类似时,则它们可能描述了相关信息。为了针对这种情况建立进一步优化的排名分数,在此描述的排名系统的实施方式为较早的帖子给予排名加分,作为对用户创建定义新信息而不是重新访问之前已描述的位置的实体的鼓励。在另一实施方式中,更新的数据接收更高的排名,因为它反映了更新的、更当前的信息。
·实体的分层重要性。某些地理空间实体来源于公共论坛(诸如Google Earth Community),并且在这种上下文下,可能存在定义实体的帖子的父子关系。父帖,诸如“Kansas的大学”可以具有几个子帖(公知为回复),其提供对Kansas州内每个大学进行定义的地理空间实体。可能描述了Kansas大学系统的主行政办公室位置的父帖可以具有低于其子帖分数的单独分数,其中该子帖标识了几千个人参加的学校。为了在这种情况下关注父帖,在此描述的排名系统的实施方式指派了等于对每个帖子的任何回复分数总和的排名加分。这样,排名基于地理空间实体与其在地理空间实体层级中的布置的关系。这样保证了初始的父帖分数大于或者等于其部分的和。也可以使用其他聚集功能。
·实体类别或实体类别的源的相对重要性。某些地理空间实体来源于公共论坛(诸如Google Earth Community),并且在这种上下文中,存在称为“讨论区”的划分,定义实体的帖子位于其中的一个讨论区中。讨论区通常是关于话题的,示例包括“时事”、“历史”和“教育”。这些讨论区的重要性并不必须一致。例如,随着时间的推移,“时事”实体可以比无时限的“历史”实体具有较低的重要性。在在此描述的排名系统的实施方式中,这种情况可以通过以下获取:由商业实体数据的提供商为实体的每个源或者实体类别指派重要性,例如,为Google Earth Community(或者其他交互式GIS)的每个讨论区指派重要性,并且类似地为实体数据的其他源指派重要性,所述其他源诸如Web搜索的发现(例如,低重要性)或者来自官方源(例如,高重要性)。此相对的源重要性因子调整(例如,乘以)为实体计算的总体分数。
·实体的外部排名重要性。某些地理空间实体来源于公共论坛(诸如Google Earth Community),并且在这种上下文中,可以存在与该实体相关联的分数或者排名。在Google EarthCommunity论坛中,例如,每个已排名的帖子可以具有一至五个“星”,其中五星指示很受尊敬的或者非常认同的实体,而一星则对应于较差的或者可能不太受尊敬的实体。用于确定这些外部排名的度量并不必须在多个实体源上都是一致的,所以例如来自Google Earth论坛的实体可能具有范围在一星到五星的分数,而在餐馆评价网站上找到的地理空间实体可能以零到四个“叉”来评级。进一步地,不仅诸如“星”和“叉”的这种度量在起源和范围方面不直接兼容,而且这些度量的来源也可能具有变化的可信度。例如,一个源可能是具有匿名贡献和评级的公共网站,而另一个源可能是专业创建的餐馆或者报告相关评价的导游。出于这些原因,在后续加权处理之前(例如,属性分数=权重*[NEW]),在此描述的排名系统的实施方式用来合并这种数据的方法被加上了初始调整(A)和偏移(B)变换的前加成分(例如,NEW=A*OLD+B)。例如,如果基于星的评级机制从1到5(即,0%到100%满意),并且基于叉的机制从0到4(即,0%到100%满意),则评级可能不能仅仅通过乘法来比较或者处理,因为它们开始于不同的值(1和0)。一种处理这种各种评价系统的技术在于:获取实体源的原始范围(低…高),然后计算以下内容:重新调整=(原始值-低)/(高-低)。这将任何范围映射到0为低、1为高。然后,结果(重新调整的)可以乘以权重因子(例如,100),以便允许在原始排名从1星到5星或者从0叉到4叉时,实体获得从1到100点的排名加分。低和高的值对于每个实体源(叉、星等)而言是恒定的。利用代数学,重新调整等式可以记录为:重新调整=[1/(高-低)]*原始值+[低/(低-高)],或者A=1/(高-低)和B=低/(低-高)。然后,按照:重新调整=A*原始+B。然后,通过将用于此属性的权重*重新调整(针对从该源获取的每个实体)而增大实体分数。这种实施方式的一种扩展使用通过在此描述的布置排名处理计算的实体的布置排名来更新在实体最初位于的源处提供的外部排名,其中该源例如可以是Google EarthCommunity论坛或者其他GIS论坛。
·实体在定义的邻域中的空间密度。当多个实体在相对较小地理区域内聚集时,这表示实体的作者已指示出提高兴趣的地理区域。从这起,可以假设具有增加的邻近实体密度的实体具有比相反情况更大的值。这通过以下步骤在此处描述的排名系统的实施方式中实现:基于包括实体位置的定义的区域(例如,以实体的位置为中心的圆圈或者盒子)中的其他实体数目来添加或者否则提供排名加分。注意,尽管此度量在概念上是地理空间的,但是其并不是实体的内在属性,而是相对于其他实体对该实体的观测结果。
·显示实体的点通率(click-through rate)。当实体在诸如Google Earth的交互式GIS中显示时,可以追踪用户利用各种方式进一步调查实体的实例数目,其中各种方式诸如:使用鼠标操作对其点击;对该实体执行诸如选择或者加亮的操作;使用该实体作为路由起点、目的地或者途中点;或者查找将响应于信息搜索的实体(例如,当实体描述包含词“匹萨”,并且交互式系统的用户使用关键字“匹萨”、“意大利”或者“食物”执行搜索时)。这种事件的表得出对于该实体重要性的直接测量,系统的用户将会理解。当收集此数据时(例如,在可选的客户端实体排名模块中和/或在服务器侧实体排名模块中),该数据可以用作定义对实体的兴趣度的属性。在此描述的排名系统的实施方式通过基于实体接收的用户事件数目与其他实体的平均值相比较来为实体指派排名加分,使用该经过测量的活动水平。此测量(例如,由对应权重调整的)形成被添加的(例如,或者被使用的)加分,以增加实体的分数。
·实体类别的启用率。当实体在诸如Google Earth的交互式GIS中显示时,它们经常以层的形式如早先描述的那样呈现。这些层单独或者聚集起来都是可选择的。每个层的启用可以视为多数投票系统中的投票,并且这种投票的聚集可以用于确定用户对于各种实体数据层的相对偏好。当收集此数据时(例如,在可选的客户端实体排名模块中和/或在服务器侧实体排名模块中),该数据可以用作定义实体集合的相对兴趣度的属性。例如,“酒吧和夜店”的层可能比州的“IRS办公室”的层更经常地被启用。在此描述的排名系统的实施方式通过基于观测到的层选择动作的数目与平均值相比较来为实体类或者实体源指派相对权重,使用该经过测量的活动水平。此测量可以用于如先前所讨论那样设置实体类别的相对重要性,或者可以用于通过基于用户偏好的经验观测的附加量来调整那些静态优先级。
·与实体相关联的网页或者文档的估计的重要性。当从网页或者其他电子文档链接实体时,可以使用该页面或者文档的估计的重要性来推断所链接的地理空间实体的估计的重要性。一种对在线文档相对重要性的估测是页面排名,诸如在名称为“Method for Node Ranking in a Linked Database”的美国专利号6,285,999、和/或名称为“Method for Scoring Documents in aLinked Database”的美国专利号6,799,176、和/或名称为“Information Retrieval Based on Historical Data”的美国专利申请号20050071741中所描述的,它们中的每一个都在此通过参考并入。在此描述的排名系统的实施方式用这样的页面排名分数作为在搜索结果中标识的在线文档所参考的地理空间实体的代理分数。例如,对“Kansas大学”的Google搜索返回1,560,000个结果,通过在美国专利号6,285,999中描述的页面排名机制对该结果进行排序,以显示被认为是最相关的十个结果,作为对查询的最初响应。这前十个结果恰好是那些具有最高页面排名分数的结果。本发明的实施方式使用由对应的权重因子调整的一个或者多个搜索结果文档页面排名分数,作为对那些文档引用的地理空间实体的重要性加分。例如,可以使用最高页面排名分数、或者前十个页面排名分数的平均、或者某些其他功能或其选择。
以上列出的一种或多种属性被评估,并且利用缩放因子对结果进行单个加权,而后将其相加以产生用于实体的总分数。这样的计算可以由图2所示的排名引擎执行。在实施方式中,关于地理空间实体的元属性数据以及反映实体自身属性的数据二者都用于确定总分数。例如,在实施方式中,商业的大小以及对关于该商业的帖子的回复是由排名引擎230加权的两个因子。通过非递增的分数的实体排序定义了排名(降序顺序)。加权因子可以基于得到的排名而改变,以便调节(例如,自动地、或者如系统管理员所期望地、或者如个人用户所期望地)每个属性的相对重要性。在一个实施方式中,最终用户可以指派将要应用到每个类型的属性上的权重。可以将任意权重设置为零(或者在相对重要的情况下,设置为1),以便去除对该属性的考虑,或者等同地可以忽略某些属性。加权因子可以变为负,以便降低实体针对具体属性的级别,而不是奖励实体。将缩放因子应用到各个属性,使得可以评估不同属性和基于该属性计算总分数。
根据本发明实施方式,多种算法可以用于确定布置排名。例如,在实施方式中,分数=帖子字符数+a*描述字符数+b*回复数目+c*观看数目+d*下载数目+社区地位,其中a、b、c和d代表可以基于指派给每个属性的值进行调节的变量。社区地位反映了描述的发帖者,并且在实施方式中,根据发帖者的地位,该社区地位可以在200到500的范围内,其中发帖者的地位基于包括以下的多种标准中的任意标准:声望、发帖行为、以及其他用户的认可或评级。
在此描述的排名系统的一种实施方式利用大体上的线性组合聚集了各个属性测量。更高级集合(其线性组合是沿着主对角线的子集的)使用M乘M的权重矩阵,其中维数M对应于属性的数目,并且矩阵化简用于为属性的全叉积(cross product)指定权重。例如,这样的技术允许针对“描述长度”和“作者地位”的乘积的指定权重作为组合分量。在此描述的两个等式结构代表根据本公开将变得显而易见的各种属性组合方法,诸如在每个属性的评估中包括取幂或其他算术形式。
这样,关于地理空间实体的外在元数据可以用作产生相对排名的记分系统的输入,用于诸如在地理空间信息系统内显示而选择的目的。存在可以在这种系统中使用的其他属性,诸如搜索术语、实体描述文本、以及各个用户或者聚集用户的历史搜索偏好之间的匹配度,其可以并入在此描述的交互式GIS,作为用于确定实体分数的元素。进一步地,如之前描述的,排名可以用于除了为显示而选择之外的目的。
图3和图4是根据本发明实施方式的示出被执行以生成并提供已排名的实体数据的步骤的流程图。并不是每个可能的步骤都在图中示出。另外,除了在此描述的步骤外,某些实施方式还附加地或者替代地执行不同的步骤。而且,步骤的顺序可以与在此描述步骤的顺序不同。
生成用于地图的设置优先级的地标
图3是示出了根据本发明实施方式的用于生成和提供设置优先级的实体的方法。一个或多个步骤可以由诸如在图2中描述的实体排名模块之类的实体排名模块执行,并且在图1所示客户端和/或服务器侧实现。另外,尽管某些步骤(例如,350)是由用户对地图的请求触发的,但是可以在具体搜索请求上下文之外“脱机”地执行其他步骤。
在有规律的基础上,从诸如参照图1描述的数据源之类的各种源接收310实体数据。也从与实体数据相同或者不同的源接收320排名数据。数据收集例如可以作为数据库建立处理或者网页爬虫及编制索引处理的一部分而发生。这种数据也可以从提供商或者第三方源得到。数据的某些部分,例如关于用户的个人地标的数据,可以响应于用户请求而实时地更新,而数据的其他部分可以根据常规调度而接收或者刷新。诸如在以上描述的各种机制可以应用到排名数据以确定330实体的排名或者分数。基于从各种源获取的不同类型的排名数据的可比较属性分数可以使用以上描述的技术来计算。实体数据可以存储在诸如图1中所示数据库的数据库中,或者在另一实施方式中,已排名的实体数据的子集缓存在客户端的存储器中,其中该客户端主控实体排名模块,该实体排名模块基于缓存的数据确定330实体排名。
根据图3中所示示例方法,已排名的实体数据用于生成340地标层,以便在地图上显示。在实施方式中,实体映射到地标,并且基于实体或者地标所属的类别而应用样式。地标组与细节层次相关联,以便向观看者呈现具有适当地标密度的地图。细节层次可以反映任意数目的输入,包括观看的地图的高度、地图的分辨率、在给定地图上描绘的其他层、以及关于地图应该如何稀疏或者密集的用户偏好。例如,在实施方式中,如果地标分数超过的某个阈值,则其接收5级水平,这意味着在某个高度或者低于某个高度的地图视图应该包括该地标。地标还可以组织成类别,使得各个地标可以与地标的不同组相关联,该地标例如与特定城市相关联的地标以及旅游胜地的地标。这些类别的每一个可以反映单独的地标层。
在实施方式中,在靠后的时间点,接收345对一个或多个地标层的请求,并且将合适的层提供350给请求者。如之前所讨论的,可以根据栅格、平铺式或者基于向量的方法生成数字地图。根据所使用的方法,地标层可以由地图服务器实时地响应查询而请求,或者地标层可以被提供350以创建预先存储的以及仅在接收到用户请求时提供的地图组件。在实施方式中,响应于用户的偏好或者选择提供350地标层。在实施方式中,一旦提供了地标层,则地标层便与其他层组合,以便在客户端或者服务器站点形成地图。
请求具有设置了优先级的地标的地图
图4是示出了根据本发明实施方式的用于请求和接收包括设置了优先级的地标的地图的步骤的流程图。图5示出了可以基于使用图4中描述的处理中的步骤表示的请求接收的地图。这些步骤中的一个或者多个可以在从图1所示地图服务器请求地图的客户端处执行。处理从客户端请求410地图时开始,例如,从浏览器、诸如GoogleEarth的专用应用、或者其他软件应用中请求。地图请求标识根据地图搜寻的地理区域,并且应该呈现地图的高度。用户或者客户端数据及偏好也提供420到地图服务器系统。例如,在实施方式中,将请求所源自的国家以及用户的语言偏好提供到地图服务器,使得仅提供以合适语言的、反映国家或者文化专用样式的地标或数据源,其中请求所起源的国家例如可以根据请求的IP地址确定。国家和语言信息可以从进行请求的应用或者诸如客户端操作系统的其他源提供420。
另外,用户地标偏好还可以提供420到地图系统。偏好可以反映例如地标的哪些类别或者层将会显示、包括多少地标(密度)、以及应该在地图上显示多少信息。例如,在图5的地图的情况下,则用户可以使用地图用户接口520上的复选框选择哪些层应该包含在显示的地图550上。地标的每层与其自己的图标或者样式相关联,例如刀和叉图标510A用于就餐地标,而杯子510B用于饮品店。
在实施方式中,提供420给地图系统的偏好可以用于使地标的选择和地标向用户的显示个性化。个性化的地标选择可以以各种方式完成,例如,通过使用用户的行为或者使用模式作为属性的基础来使实体排名个性化,其中该实体的排名是基于该属性记分的,或者通过基于用户的输入改变针对某些属性的权重;或者,例如,通过经常地包括用户自身已经定义或者指定的地标来覆盖通用的排名机制。
在图4的流程图中,根据提供给地图服务器系统的个性化偏好,请求者可以接收432各种类型的数据。但是,如本领域技术人员所知,反映不同的地图生成和定制处理的其他步骤也是可能的。在默认实施方式中,没有个性化地标430A,并且客户端接收432A并显示450A具有通用地标的地图。在这种实施方式中,在客户端本地不实现实体排名能力。但是,在另一实施方式中,客户端请求仅包括个性化地标430C的地图。在这种实施方式中,实体排名能力完全在客户端实现,其中诸如图2中所描述模块的实体排名模块位于本地,而不是位于集中式的服务器上。客户端接收432A包括地图层的地图,其上不包括任何地标。在客户端产生并存储的个性化地标添加440A到地图上,并且生成所得到的地图和向用户显示该地图。
在又一实施方式中,用户可以请求既包括个人地标也包括通用地标430的地图。客户端基于此请求接收432B与地图的地理相关联的实体或通用地标组和地图。通用地标与用户以各种方式(例如,通过核准实体定义或者将地标放入收藏夹)指定的个人地标组合,并且将排名机制应用到436B组合的地标组。结果用来生成440B包括个人地标和通用地标的层,然后将该层与提供到客户端的地图相组合来生成450B用于显示的地图450B。
图5示出了已经根据步骤412-420以及430B到450B所描述方法而生成的、包括个人地标和通用地标的示例性地图。如图5所示,包括Max’s Playgound 105和Dirk’s Coffee Spot 419的个人地标与就餐地标(例如,510A)和饮品地标(例如510B)一起显示在地图550上。还提供利用特定社区地标图标540划界的社区地标。地图550还包括文本框530形式的交互式内容,该文本框530链接到社区成员提供的关于地标的评论。这便允许用户从其他社区成员提供的输入获益。
在此描述的特征和优点并不是全部包括在内,更具体地,根据附图和描述,很多附加特征及优点对于本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。而且,应当注意,在说明书中使用的语言是为了可读性和指导性的目的而在原则上选择,并且并不用于限制本发明主题的范围。

Claims (32)

1.一种地理信息系统(GIS),包括关于多个地理空间实体的信息,并且其被配置为根据排名机制而对该地理空间实体设置优先级。
2.如权利要求1的系统,其中该排名机制使用关于地理空间实体的元属性的数据来确定该地理空间实体的优先级。
3.如权利要求2的系统,其中该元属性包括以下之一:关于该地理空间实体的可用信息的质量、该地理空间实体的描述的属性、以及该地理空间实体的定义的属性。
4.如权利要求2的系统,其中该元属性包括该地理空间实体的受欢迎度的指示符。
5.如权利要求2的系统,其中该元属性包括以下之一:年龄属性、地位属性、以及重要性属性。
6.如权利要求2的系统,其中该元属性包括地理空间实体与其在地理空间实体层级中的布置的关系。
7.如权利要求1的系统,其中该多个实体的实体包括地理空间对象的收集,并且其中响应于地理空间对象的收集的特征而确定该实体的优先级。
8.如权利要求1的系统,其中该多个实体的实体包括在在线论坛中定义的地理空间实体,并且其中该排名机制使用在该在线论坛中生成的数据来确定该地理空间实体的排名。
9.如权利要求1的系统,其中该排名机制使用从互联网上的网站获取的关于地理空间实体的数据来确定该地理空间实体的优先级。
10.如权利要求1的系统,其中该排名机制从来自该地理空间实体的多个元属性的加权数据的组合来确定地理空间实体的优先级。
11.一种用于对地理空间实体进行排名的计算机实现方法,该方法包括:
接收地理空间实体数据;
评估包含在所接收的地理空间实体数据中的地理空间实体的属性;
基于该评估对该地理空间实体进行排名;以及
存储经过排名的地理空间实体数据。
12.如权利要求11的方法,其中该地理空间实体数据包括在社区论坛中生成的数据。
13.如权利要求11的方法,其中该地理空间实体数据包括与特定用户相关联的数据,并进一步包括使用经过排名的地理空间实体数据来生成用于该特定用户的地图。
14.如权利要求11的方法,进一步包括基于该地理空间实体的排名来选择用于地理显示的地理空间实体。
15.如权利要求11的方法,进一步包括将经过排名的地理空间实体数据提供给地图系统,该地图系统被配置为生成包括经过排名的地理空间实体和未经过排名的地理空间实体的地图。
16.如权利要求11的方法,进一步包括基于该地理空间实体的排名来选择地理空间实体以便包括在导航指令中。
17.如权利要求11的方法,进一步包括基于该地理空间实体的排名来选择地理空间实体以便与广告术语相关联。
18.如权利要求11的方法,进一步包括将经过排名的地理空间实体数据提供给应用,用于基于该经过排名的地理空间实体数据生成搜索结果。
19.如权利要求11的方法,其中评估是响应于用户指令而执行的,用于提供个性化的地理空间实体排名。
20.如权利要求19的方法,其中该用户指令包括将要应用到在该地理空间实体数据中标识的地理空间实体属性的权重。
21.一种用于对地理空间实体进行排名的系统,该系统包括:
接口,用于接收关于多个地理空间实体的排名数据;
实体排名模块,用于基于经过排名的数据根据排名机制来生成用于地理空间实体的布置排名;以及
数据库,用于存储由该实体排名模块生成的经过排名的实体数据。
22.如权利要求21的系统,其中该接口被配置为向进行请求的应用提供经过排名的实体数据。
23.如权利要求21的系统,其中该实体排名模块被配置为评估多个不同属性,以确定用于地理空间实体的总分数。
24.如权利要求21的系统,其中该实体排名模块被配置为将经过排名的实体数据组织成地标层。
25.如权利要求24的系统,其中每个地标层对应于以下中至少一个:细节层次、密度、高度、以及实体类别。
26.如权利要求21的系统,其中该进行请求的应用是地图服务器系统,其被配置为使用经过排名的实体数据生成地图,该地图包括在布置排名的基础上选择的实体。
27.如权利要求26的系统,其中在该地图服务器系统上对该实体排名模块进行主控。
28.一种在客户端设备上主控的实体排名模块,该模块用于生成用于多个地理空间实体的排名,并且该模块包括:
接口,用于接收定义多个地理空间实体的实体数据以及描述该多个地理空间实体的排名数据;以及
排名引擎,用于生成用于该地理空间实体的排名,其中该排名用于选择将地理空间项目中的哪个地理空间项目包括在地图中,以便在该客户端设备上显示。
29.如权利要求28的模块,进一步包括存储器,用于存储关于该客户端设备的用户的数据,并且其中该排名引擎被配置为响应于该用户数据而应用排名机制。
30.如权利要求29的模块,其中该用户数据包括关于由该排名引擎评估的属性的相对权重的用户偏好。
31.如权利要求29的模块,其中该用户数据包括用户定义的地理空间实体。
32.如权利要求29的模块,其中该用户数据包括用户对地理空间实体的兴趣的指示,并且其中该排名机制基于该用户的兴趣来指派该地理空间实体的排名费用。
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