CN101321501B - 多轴向螺钉 - Google Patents

多轴向螺钉 Download PDF

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CN101321501B
CN101321501B CN2006800457773A CN200680045777A CN101321501B CN 101321501 B CN101321501 B CN 101321501B CN 2006800457773 A CN2006800457773 A CN 2006800457773A CN 200680045777 A CN200680045777 A CN 200680045777A CN 101321501 B CN101321501 B CN 101321501B
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rod connector
screw
head
link
anchoring device
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CN101321501A (zh
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F·T·特劳特魏因
G·L·洛韦里
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Paradigm Spine LLC
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7035Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7035Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other
    • A61B17/7037Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other wherein pivoting is blocked when the rod is clamped
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7035Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other
    • A61B17/7038Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other to a different extent in different directions, e.g. within one plane only
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7041Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae with single longitudinal rod offset laterally from single row of screws or hooks
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8625Shanks, i.e. parts contacting bone tissue
    • A61B17/8635Tips of screws

Abstract

本发明提供了一种骨锚固装置。该骨锚固装置可包括螺钉,该螺钉包括构造成接合骨组织的螺纹轴部和具有杯形空腔的头部。该装置还可包括杆连接器和连接部件,其中该连接部件包括构造成与所述螺钉的头部的杯形空腔接合的球形头部、构造成与所述连接部件接合的加宽凸缘部以及从所述加宽凸缘部伸出并构造成延伸穿过所述杆连接器内的开口的伸长体。

Description

多轴向螺钉
本申请要求于2005年10月6日提交的U.S.临时申请No.60/724,046的权益,其内容引用于此作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于将外科植入物锚固于骨组织的装置和方法。具体地,本发明涉及可构造成附接于可植入杆的多轴向螺钉(polyaxial screw)。
背景技术
脊柱疾病导致严重的病状。这些疾病包括脊椎、椎间盘、椎小关节和围绕脊柱的连接组织的异常。这些异常可能源于多种原因,包括机械损伤或椎间盘退变性疾病。这些异常可导致脊柱不稳定,使脊椎不齐整并在相邻椎骨间产生异常运动。更加严重的疾病会导致脊椎骨表面磨损或引起神经压迫,并最终引起剧烈的疼痛。此外,这些疾病常常是慢性的和会逐渐加重的问题。
对于脊柱疾病的治疗可包括长期的医药治疗或外科手术。医药治疗通常旨在控制病症如疼痛,而非矫正根本的问题。对于某些患者来说,这可能需要长期使用止痛药,而这可能改变患者的精神状态或引起其它不利的副作用。
另一种治疗手段是外科手术,这常常是高侵入性的并且可能显著改变脊柱的解剖学构造和功能。例如,对于某些脊柱疾病的一种外科手术治疗包括脊柱融合术,其中可使用骨移植物和/或人造植入物使两个或多个椎骨结合。该融合是不可逆/不可还原的并且可能显著改变脊椎的运动范围。此外,现有的外科手术方法常常只适用于处于病情明显加重状态的患者。
因此,脊柱外科医生们已开始研究更先进的外科手术方法以及脊柱稳定和/或修复装置,这些方法和装置的侵入性更低,可能可逆,并且不会对患者的正常解剖学构造和脊柱功能造成那么大的改变。这些方法可用于疾病发展的较早阶段,在某些情况下甚至可停止或逆转病情的加重。
用于治疗脊柱或其它身体结构疾病的许多装置和方法需要骨锚固元件,骨锚固元件可包括螺钉、销或钉子。这些骨锚固元件可使一块或多块椎骨与治疗系统的部件相连。例如,椎弓根(pedicle)螺钉常常用于将脊柱杆和/或板连接到一块或多块椎骨以促进融合、修正畸形、修复骨折和/或用于多种其它适当的治疗方法。
对于某些外科手术方法和植入物来说,期望使用能以多种构型植入的骨锚固元件。例如,经常希望使用能在适当的角度范围内固定在骨头上并且仍然与整体治疗系统的其它部件适当连接的骨螺钉。
近来,脊柱外科医生已开始研究更动态的治疗系统。这样的治疗系统可提供具有一定限度但受控的运动,并且可为患有多种疾病如脊柱侧凸和椎间盘退变性疾病的患者提供更好的护理。这些系统可受益于改进的包括多轴向螺钉在内的骨锚固元件。
发明内容
本发明的第一方面包括骨锚固装置。该骨锚固装置可包括螺钉,该螺钉包括构造成接合骨组织的螺纹轴部和具有杯形空腔的头部。该装置还可包括杆连接器和连接部件,其中该连接部件包括构造成与所述螺钉的头部的杯形空腔接合的球形头部、构造成与所述杆连接器接合的加宽凸缘部以及从所述加宽凸缘部伸出并且构造成延伸穿过所述杆连接器内的开口的伸长体(elongate body)。
本发明的第二方面包括脊柱治疗系统。该脊柱治疗系统包括螺钉,该螺钉包括构造成接合骨组织的螺纹轴部和具有杯形空腔的头部。该系统还包括连接部件,该连接部件包括构造成与所述螺钉的头部的杯形空腔接合的球形头部,其中该球形头部终止于加宽凸缘部。一伸长体从所述加宽凸缘部伸出。该系统还包括杆连接器,该杆连接器具有用于接纳脊柱杆植入物的开口和用于接纳所述连接部件的伸长体的开口。
应当理解,上述一般性说明和下面的详细说明都仅为示例性和说明性的,而非对所要求保护的本发明构成限制。
结合在本说明书中并构成本说明书一部分的附图示出本发明的数个实施例,并与所作说明一起用于解释本发明的原理。
本发明的其它目的和优点将在下面的说明中部分阐述,或者可通过本发明的实施而被认识到。通过在所附权利要求中特别指出的要素及组合可实现和获得本发明的目的和优点。
附图说明
图1A示出根据所公开的示例性实施例的骨锚固装置的局剖侧视图。
图1B示出图1A的骨锚固装置的透视图。
图1C示出带有可植入杆的图1A的骨锚固装置的透视图。
图2示出图1C的骨锚固装置的分解视图。
图3A示出根据所公开的示例性实施例的骨锚固装置的螺钉的侧视图。
图3B示出图3A的螺钉的透视图。
图3C示出根据所公开的示例性实施例的图3A的螺钉的侧视图。
图4A示出根据所公开的示例性实施例的骨锚固装置的杆连接器的分解视图。
图4B示出图4A的杆连接器的透视图。
图4C示出图4B的杆连接器的一部分的放大视图。
图5A示出根据所公开的示例性实施例的骨锚固装置的另一杆连接器的侧视图。
图5B示出图5A的杆连接器的透视图。
图5C示出图5B的杆连接器的一部分的放大视图。
图5D示出图5A的杆连接器沿线A-A截取的剖视图。
图6A示出根据所公开的示例性实施例的骨锚固装置的连接部件的侧视图。
图6B示出图6A的连接部件的透视图。
图6C示出图6B的连接部件的一部分的放大视图。
图7A示出根据所公开的示例性实施例的骨锚固装置的锁定套环的侧视图。
图7B示出图7A的锁定套环的透视图。
图8A示出根据所公开的示例性实施例的骨锚固装置的紧固部件的侧视图。
图8B示出图8A的紧固部件的透视图。
图9A示出根据所公开的示例性实施例的骨锚固装置的又一杆连接器的侧视图。
图9B示出图9A的杆连接器沿线B-B截取的剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1A-1C示出根据所公开的示例性实施例的骨锚固装置100。如图所示,骨锚固装置100包括螺钉200、杆连接器300和连接部件400。螺钉200可构造成接合骨组织以将杆连接器300固定在骨头上。在某些实施例中,螺钉200将构造成接合椎骨或骶骨以将可植入杆110(如图1C所示)固定在椎骨或骶骨上。
图2示出根据一个示例性实施例的骨锚固装置100的组成部件。如所述,骨锚固装置100包括螺钉200、杆连接器300和连接部件400。螺钉200可构造成插入骨组织,而连接部件400可构造成与螺钉200以角度可调的关系协作。此外,骨锚固装置100还可包括构造成将连接部件400固定于螺钉200的锁定套环600。如图1A-1C所示,连接部件400可被设定尺寸并构造成与杆连接器300协作。可设置与连接部件的端部470接合的紧固部件700以将连接部件400固定于杆连接器300。
图3A-3C示出根据所公开的示例性实施例的螺钉200。螺钉200可包括多种适当的形状、尺寸和/或材料。在一个实施例中,螺钉200可包括螺纹轴部220和头部240。头部240还可包括构造成接合连接部件400的球形头部420的杯形空腔260(如图1A所示)。
螺纹轴部220可包括任意适当的材料或螺纹型式。例如,在一个实施例中,螺纹轴部220由与供其植入的组织具有生物相容性的材料制成。在另一个实施例中,螺纹轴部220由具有一定的硬度、弹性模量或任意其它期望的物理特性的材料制成。此外,可选择螺纹的尺寸、形状和数量以将螺钉200牢牢地固定在骨头上。
此外,在某些实施例中,螺纹轴部220的远端可包括凹槽250,其可为导丝(guide wire)252提供支座,如图3C所示。导丝252有利于螺钉200在所选定的骨头254如椎弓根或其它骨头内的安置。例如,导丝252可穿过一小切口被置于期望的位置。可通过使螺钉200的凹槽250沿导丝252的长度滑动而将螺钉200定位在骨头254附近。导丝252还可使用射线照相装置(用X射线或荧光透视法)来确认螺钉的位置。
图4A和4B示出杆连接器300的一个实施例。但是,可使用多种适当的杆连接器。在图4A和4B所示的实施例中,杆连接器300可包括具有用于接纳连接部件400的通孔340的连接体320。连接部件通孔340可包括多边形内表面部分390(如图4C详示),其可形成与连接部件400的多边形颈部区域490的互补连接(如图6A和6B所示),从而防止连接部件400相对于杆连接器300旋转。杆连接器300还可包括杆接合部360。杆接合部360可包括圆柱形的支承部件370。圆柱形支承部件370可置于杆连接器300的可由杆连接器盖385封闭的空腔380内(如图4B所示)。圆柱形支承部件370可包括用于接纳椎杆的杆通孔372。此外,圆柱形支承部件370可包括衬垫。该衬垫可由任意适当的聚合材料、陶瓷材料或金属材料形成,以便减小摩擦或提供期望的耐磨特性。适当的聚合材料可包括例如聚乙烯,如超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)或聚醚醚酮(PEEK)。
在一个实施例中,圆柱形支承部件370可构造成绕其纵向轴线374旋转。圆柱形支承部件370的旋转可为置于通孔372内的杆110提供一定程度的旋转可动性(mobility)。可动性的程度可通过选择杆接合部360内的开口362的尺寸来控制。开口362越大,杆110能够相对于连接体320枢转的间隙就越大。例如,在某些实施例中,穿过连接体320内的圆柱形部件370安置的杆110可构造成相对于连接体320向上和向下枢转约20°、约30°、约60°、约90°或约120°的角度。在另一个实施例中,圆柱形支承部件370可牢牢地连接于杆接合部360或与杆接合部360形成单个装置,以便在必要时不提供绕其轴线374的旋转运动。此外,杆110可构造成在通孔372内滑动,从而提供杆110相对于杆连接器300的平移和/或旋转运动。
图5A和5B示出另一种类型的杆连接器500。该杆连接器500包括带有杆接纳孔510的C形夹和连接部件孔520。当不希望或不需要圆柱形支承部件的旋转和/或平移运动时,可选择这种类型的杆连接器500。与图4A和4B中的杆连接器300一样,连接部件孔520可包括可与连接部件400的多边形颈部区域490(如图6A和6B所示)形成互补连接的多边形内表面部分530,从而防止连接部件400相对于杆连接器500旋转。
图4A-4C和5A-5C的杆连接器300、500也可包括半球形的凹部397、597。如图1A所示,杆连接器300可构造成使得,在组装好时,套环600和螺钉头部240的一部分可位于杆连接器300的凹部397内。凹部397、597的尺寸可基于螺钉头部240和连接部件头部420的尺寸进行选择并且可构造成控制连接部件400相对于螺钉200的旋转可动性的程度。此外,如图4C和5C所示,杆连接器300、500可包括邻近半球形凹部397、597旁边的边缘395、595。
图6A和6B示出连接部件400的一个实施例。连接部件400可包括球形头部420、包括边缘表面495的加宽凸缘440以及从加宽凸缘440伸出的伸长体460。为了将连接部件400和杆连接器300、500固定在一起,伸长体可穿过杆连接器内的开口340、520,并且紧固部件700(如图8A和8B所示)可固定在伸长体460上,从而将杆连接器300固定于连接部件400。此外,如上所述,连接部件400可包括构造成与连接部件300、500的互补表面接合以防止旋转的多边形颈部区域490。如图6C详示,多边形颈部区域490可包括形成期望表面构型的多个平板492。
为了组装骨锚固装置100,将连接部件400靠置于螺钉200,使得球形头部420就位于螺钉的杯形空腔260内。为了保持连接部件400连接在螺钉200上,可将锁定套环600(如图7A和7B所示)置于连接部件400上并且牢牢地固定在连接部件400的球形头部420和螺钉200的杯形空腔260之间(如图1A所示)。当然,可以想到,为方便起见可向外科医生提供已部分组装的装置(即,螺钉200和连接部件400可通过锁定套环600连接在一起并且作为整体提供给外科医生,从而免除了预先的组装步骤),从而外科医生能够在螺钉200紧固于连接部件400的同时将螺钉200植入所选定的骨头内。然后,可通过将连接部件端部470插入穿过杆连接器连接部件孔340而将杆连接器300置于连接部件400上。当杆连接器300已相对于连接部件400和在螺钉200上适当定位时,通过将紧固部件700固定在连接部件400上并且抵靠在杆连接器300上,可完全组装好整个装置100。应当理解,连接部件400可沿其伸长体460的长度包括螺纹部分以便能够连接于紧固部件700。
如所述,连接部件400可包括可具有端部470的伸长体460。该伸长体端部还可包括变窄或渐缩的末端472,其可构造成被外科医生的工具所夹持或接合。此外,连接部件400的伸长体460可包括较细的或划刻过的(scored)部分480。在植入期间端部470可从杆连接器300伸出一定距离,从而有利于外科医生操控连接部件400和/或连接器300、500。此外,较薄或划刻过的部分480可使外科医生能折断伸长体460的位于较薄或划刻过的部分480远端的端部470。这就防止了在植入后材料过多地伸出,从而可减少留在患者体内的外部材料并防止端部470对周围组织造成机械损伤。
连接部件400可由多种不同材料制成。可根据期望的物理特性、生物相容性、成本和/或任意其它适当的因素来选择具体的材料。例如,适当的材料可包括各种聚合材料、陶瓷和/或金属。这样的材料可包括聚乙烯、超高分子量聚乙烯、PEEK、钴铬合金和/或钛或其合金。此外,连接部件400可由多种材料制成。例如,在一个实施例中,球形头部420可由坚硬的耐磨材料制成,而伸长体460可由较柔软的材料制成。此外,端部470可由在较薄或划刻过的部分480处较易折断或切断的材料制成。在一个实施例中,连接部件球形头部420由聚合材料如聚乙烯或超高分子量聚乙烯制成。在其它实施例中,连接部件球形头部420可涂有覆层以减小磨损。例如,适当的表面覆层可包括多种陶瓷材料、复合材料和/或聚合材料。
图7A和7B示出根据所公开的示例性实施例的锁定套环600的详图。为了将锁定套环600固定于连接部件400的球形头部420和螺钉的头部240,锁定套环600可包括多种适当的固定方法。例如,锁定套环600可构造成形成摩擦配合连接、卡扣配合连接、螺纹连接或任意其它适当的连接。此外,锁定套环600能可拆卸地或永久地固定于连接部件400和螺钉200。
在一个实施例中,螺钉200的头部可包括侧孔280。可在侧孔280中插入固定工具以将锁定套环600固定就位。例如,用足以在螺钉空腔的内表面285和/或锁定套环的表面610上产生小变形的力将一小杆插入侧孔280。该变形可防止锁定套环600被旋松(对于螺旋套环来说,变形将产生在螺纹上)或滑脱(摩擦配合套环的情况)。或者,可在组装好骨锚固装置100后将销或螺栓可插入侧孔280并保持就位,从而将锁定套环600固定到位。
如所述,连接部件400可包括在颈部区域490附近的边缘表面495终止的加宽凸缘440。在将伸长体460穿过杆连接器300、500内的开口340、520时,边缘表面495与杆连接器300、500的边缘395、595接合。杆连接器300、500的边缘395、595抵靠在连接部件400的边缘表面495上是用于限制两个部件相对于彼此的轴向定位。换句话说,如图1A所示,杆连接器300、500的边缘395、595与连接部件400的边缘表面的接合防止了杆连接器300、500相对于连接部件400和螺钉200向下滑动得过远,从而可对杆连接器300、500、连接部件400和螺钉200的相对位置进行一些控制。此外,使边缘395、595靠置在边缘表面495上有助于在植入到患者体内受到身体压力时稳定连接部件400。
图8A和8B示出根据所公开的示例性实施例的紧固部件700。紧固部件700可包括多种适当的紧固部件类型。例如,在某些实施例中,伸长体460在其至少一部分长度上包括螺纹区域,而紧固部件700包括可旋拧在该伸长体上直至其形成与杆连接件300、500的紧密连接的螺母。在其它实施例中,紧固部件700可为压配合连接件、摩擦配合连接件或其它任意适当的连接件类型。杆连接器300、500可构造有用于接纳紧固部件700的一部分的凹腔。
在某些实施例中,紧固部件700包括连接下半部720和上半部730的变窄部分710。变窄部分710可构造成在对紧固部件700施加一定的转矩时断裂。例如,在某些实施例中,外科医生将紧固部件700紧固在连接部件400上。当紧固部件700被固定得足够紧时,变窄部分710可断裂,从而防止在装置上施加过大的转矩。此外,在某些实施例中,上半部730可包括加宽的内径,这使得一旦变窄部分710断裂或切断,上半部730可被轻易地拆下。
如所述,本公开的骨锚固装置100可用于将多种可植入杆固定在骨头上。例如,在一个实施例中,骨锚固装置100可与脊柱治疗系统一同使用。适当的脊柱治疗系统包括用于治疗脊柱侧凸和其它脊柱疾病的可动的动态治疗系统。这种可动的动态治疗系统的示例公开在1995年5月9日授予Rivard的美国专利5,413,576和2003年4月29日授予Rivard的美国专利6,554,831中,其全部内容均引用于此作为参考。但是,应当注意,骨锚固装置100可与任意适当的可植入杆一同使用。例如,直杆或弯杆可与本发明的骨锚固装置100一同使用。图5D示出图5A的杆连接器500沿线A-A截取的剖视图,示出了构造成接纳可植入直杆110的圆柱形杆接纳孔510。在另一个示例性实施例中,杆连接器500’可包括成形的杆接纳孔510’。如图9A和9B所示,杆连接器500’在大部分方面都可类似于图5A-5D的杆连接器500并且可包括连接部件孔520’,但可包括弯杆接纳孔510’,其中孔510’的开口稍稍张开地延伸。这样的构型使得可植入弯杆能够穿过杆连接器500’。当然,在必要时也可为杆连接器300的圆柱形支承部件370设置类似弯曲的杆接纳通孔以便容纳弯杆。
当与动态脊柱治疗系统一同使用时,可能希望在治疗系统的部件之间保持一定程度的可动性。例如,如前所述,杆连接器300可包括构造成沿其轴线374旋转的圆柱形支承部件370,从而为置于圆柱形体的通孔372内的杆110提供一定程度的旋转。此外,可提供其它类型的滑动和旋转可动性。
在某些实施例中,杆110可构造成一旦插入杆通孔372、510内就可相对于杆连接器300、500旋转或滑动。当植入患者体内时,杆110相对于杆连接器300、500的旋转运动将提供一定程度的受控可动性。此外,杆连接器300、500的滑动可动性使得能够实现一定程度的弯曲和/或伸展,同时还可使得脊柱持续伸长。如Rivard所指出,这在骨锚固装置100植入到尚会继续生长的年轻患者体内时很重要。
还应当注意,在某些实施例中,杆连接器300、500可构造成防止一个或多个自由度的运动。例如,在某些实施例中,杆连接器500可构造成防止杆110的平移或滑动运动。可限制平移或滑动运动的这类杆连接器500可包括为动态治疗系统的一部分,所述动态治疗系统可包括滑动和固定连接器300、500的组合。
最后,在某些实施例中,在组装后连接部件球形头部420可相对于螺钉200的轴线旋转。在某些实施例中,锁定套环600和/或螺钉头部240与杆连接器300、500的半球形凹部397、597之间可具有间隙800(如图1A所示)。该间隙800可允许连接部件400的球形头部420在螺钉200的杯形空腔260内进行一定自由度的运动或旋转。
连接部件球形头部420相对于螺钉200的旋转运动可提供诸多优点。例如,螺钉200能以多种适当的角度植入到患者的骨内,同时仍使得连接部件400可与螺钉的杯形空腔260适当接合。此外,在某些实施例中,连接部件400相对于螺钉200的持续的旋转可动性将提供受控的动态运动,这对于某些可植入装置来说是希望的。
在其它实施例中,可能不希望植入部件具有持续的可动性。例如,在某些应用中,可能希望刚性地固定植入杆110。在这些实施例中,螺钉头部240、连接部件球形头部420以及杆连接器300、500的尺寸和形状可选择成在植入后防止运动发生。此外,如前所述,杆连接器500可选择不包括圆柱形支承部件370,从而防止杆110相对于杆连接器500的另一种类型的旋转运动。
考虑到本说明和本文所公开的本发明的实践,本发明的其它实施例对于本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。本说明书和示例仅应被看作是示例性的,本发明的真正范围和精神由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (38)

1.一种骨锚固装置,包括:
螺钉,包括:
构造成接合骨组织的螺纹轴部,和具有杯形空腔的头部,所述头部包括侧孔;
杆连接器,所述杆连接器包括用于接纳所述螺钉的头部的一部分的凹部;以及
连接部件,包括:
构造成与所述螺钉的头部的杯形空腔接合的球形头部;
加宽凸缘部,所述加宽凸缘部从所述球形头部伸出并限定有构造成与所述杆连接器接合的边缘表面;和
从所述加宽凸缘部伸出并构造成延伸穿过所述杆连接器内的开口的伸长体;
其中所述杆连接器内的所述开口和所述伸长体的与所述杆连接器接合的部分包括互补的多边形形状以使所述连接部件与所述杆连接器以不可旋转的方式联接。
2.如权利要求1所述的骨锚固装置,其特征在于,所述加宽凸缘部与所述杆连接器的接合限定所述球形头部相对于所述杆连接器的位置。
3.如权利要求2所述的骨锚固装置,其特征在于,所述加宽凸缘部构造成靠接所述杆连接器的至少一个表面。
4.如权利要求2所述的骨锚固装置,其特征在于,所述杆连接器包括用于与所述连接部件的加宽凸缘部的一部分靠接的边缘。
5.如权利要求4所述的骨锚固装置,其特征在于,所述球形头部的位置被选择成允许所述杆连接器和所述连接部件相对于所述螺钉的轴线作旋转运动。
6.如权利要求1所述的骨锚固装置,其特征在于,还包括构造成将所述球形头部固定在所述螺钉的头部的杯形空腔内的锁定套环。
7.如权利要求6所述的骨锚固装置,其特征在于,所述锁定套环与所述杯形空腔形成螺纹连接。
8.如权利要求6所述的骨锚固装置,其特征在于,所述锁定套环与所述杯形空腔形成压配合连接和卡扣配合连接中的至少一种。
9.如权利要求1所述的骨锚固装置,其特征在于,所述伸长体包括颈部区域,该颈部区域具有沿外表面设置的多个平板以限定所述伸长体的多边形形状。
10.如权利要求9所述的骨锚固装置,其特征在于,所述杆连接器内的所述开口包括与所述颈部区域的外表面具有互补形状的部分。
11.如权利要求1所述的骨锚固装置,其特征在于,所述伸长体包括螺纹区域。
12.如权利要求1所述的骨锚固装置,其特征在于,所述伸长体包括断开部分。
13.一种脊柱治疗系统,包括:
螺钉,包括:
构造成接合骨组织的螺纹轴部,和具有杯形空腔的头部;
连接部件,包括:
构造成与所述螺钉的头部的杯形空腔接合的球形头部,该球形头部终止于加宽凸缘部,所述加宽凸缘部从所述球形头部伸出而形成有构造成与杆连接器接合的边缘表面,并且从所述加宽凸缘部伸出有伸长体;以及
所述杆连接器,包括:
用于接纳脊柱杆植入物的第一通孔和用于接纳所述连接部件的伸长体的第二通孔,以及构造成用于接纳所述螺钉的头部的一部分的凹部。
14.如权利要求13所述的系统,其特征在于,所述杆连接器包括C形夹。
15.如权利要求13所述的系统,其特征在于,还包括构造成安置在所述杆连接器的空腔内的圆柱形体。
16.如权利要求15所述的系统,其特征在于,所述圆柱形体包括供所述脊柱杆植入物穿过的开口。
17.如权利要求15所述的系统,其特征在于,所述圆柱形体包括衬垫。
18.如权利要求17所述的系统,其特征在于,所述衬垫包括聚合材料、陶瓷材料或金属材料。
19.如权利要求18所述的系统,其特征在于,所述聚合材料为聚乙烯或聚醚醚酮。
20.如权利要求15所述的系统,其特征在于,所述圆柱形体可相对于所述杆连接器的一条轴线可旋转地调节。
21.如权利要求13所述的系统,其特征在于,所述加宽凸缘部的一部分构造成与所述杆连接器的至少一个表面靠接。
22.如权利要求21所述的系统,其特征在于,所述加宽凸缘部的所述部分构造成与所述杆连接器的边缘靠接,从而限定所述球形头部相对于所述杆连接器的位置。
23.如权利要求21所述的系统,其特征在于,所述球形头部的位置被选择成允许所述杆连接器和所述连接部件相对于所述螺钉的轴线作旋转运动。
24.如权利要求13所述的系统,其特征在于,还包括构造成将所述球形头部固定在所述头部的杯形空腔内的锁定套环。
25.如权利要求24所述的系统,其特征在于,所述锁定套环与所述杯形空腔形成螺纹连接。
26.如权利要求24所述的系统,其特征在于,所述锁定套环与所述杯形空腔形成压配合连接和卡扣配合连接中的至少一种。
27.如权利要求13所述的系统,其特征在于,所述伸长体包括颈部区域,该颈部区域具有沿该颈部区域的外表面设置的多个平板。
28.如权利要求27所述的系统,其特征在于,所述杆连接器的第二通孔包括与所述颈部区域的外表面具有互补形状的部分。
29.如权利要求13所述的系统,其特征在于,所述螺钉的头部包括侧孔。
30.如权利要求13所述的系统,其特征在于,所述伸长体包括螺纹区域。
31.如权利要求13所述的系统,其特征在于,所述伸长体包括断开部分。
32.如权利要求13所述的系统,其特征在于,还包括与所述连接部件的伸长体接合的紧固部件。
33.如权利要求32所述的系统,其特征在于,所述紧固部件包括断开部分。
34.如权利要求32所述的系统,其特征在于,所述杆连接器包括用于接纳所述紧固部件的一部分的凹部。
35.如权利要求13所述的系统,其特征在于,所述伸长体渐缩为被夹持部。
36.如权利要求13所述的系统,其特征在于,所述杆连接器的第一通孔为圆柱形通孔。
37.如权利要求13所述的系统,其特征在于,所述杆连接器的第一通孔为弯曲形通孔。
38.如权利要求19所述的系统,其特征在于,所述聚乙烯为超高分子量聚乙烯。
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JP2009512466A (ja) 2009-03-26
ZA200802954B (en) 2008-12-31
WO2007041686A1 (en) 2007-04-12
EP1931268A1 (en) 2008-06-18
EP1931268B1 (en) 2013-12-11
US20070161995A1 (en) 2007-07-12
AU2006299388A1 (en) 2007-04-12
TW200726428A (en) 2007-07-16
IL190622A0 (en) 2008-11-03
TWI446888B (zh) 2014-08-01
KR20080069595A (ko) 2008-07-28
US20110196427A1 (en) 2011-08-11
US7927359B2 (en) 2011-04-19
HK1122714A1 (zh) 2009-05-29
US8470001B2 (en) 2013-06-25
AR058687A1 (es) 2008-02-20
CN101321501A (zh) 2008-12-10
CA2624861A1 (en) 2007-04-12
ES2451529T3 (es) 2014-03-27

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