CN101401092B - 用于应用敏感策略执行的方法和系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于请求策略授权的方法。所述请求包括分别发送第一和第二消息的第一管理器和第二管理器。所述方法包括响应于第二消息,根据策略授权请求的第一和第二元素做出策略决定。所述方法包括,如果策略决定准予策略授权请求,则产生完整的策略方面并且将该完整策略方面传送给第一管理器或第二管理器,以授权特定应用上下文的特定资源的使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明一般涉及通信系统。
背景技术
用于无线移动通信的各种标准(例如,第三代合作伙伴计划(3GPP)标准和第三代合作伙伴计划2(3GPP2)标准)定义了应用敏感(application-aware)策略管理的基本形式。尽管某些已知的技术可以用于做出应用敏感策略决定,但在某些情况中,这些技术是基础的和低效的。
发明内容
本发明的一个技术方案提供了一种用于应用敏感策略执行的方法,该方法包括:从第一管理器接收第一消息,所述第一消息包括用于策略授权请求的第一元素,所述策略授权请求尝试对用于特定应用上下文的对特定网络资源或应用参数的使用进行授权;响应于所述第一消息,在策略管理器建立用于关于所述策略授权请求的策略决定的策略会合状态,所述策略管理器在所述策略会合状态期间等待所述策略授权请求的剩余部分到达以做出所述策略决定;在所述第一消息之后,从第二管理器接收第二消息,所述第二消息包括所述策略授权请求的第二元素,所述第二元素完成所述策略授权请求;响应于所述第二消息,根据所述策略授权请求的所述第一和第二元素做出所述策略决定;以及如果所述策略决定准予所述策略授权请求,则产生完整的策略方面并且将所述完整的策略方面传送给所述第一管理器或所述第二管理器,以授权用于所述特定应用上下文的对所述特定网络资源或所述应用参数的使用。
本发明的另一技术方案提供了一种用于应用敏感策略执行的系统,该系统包括:用于从第一管理器接收第一消息的装置,所述第一消息包括用于策略授权请求的第一元素,所述策略授权请求尝试对用于特定应用上下文的对特定网络资源或应用参数的使用进行授权;用于响应于所述第一消息,在策略管理器建立用于关于所述策略授权请求的策略决定的策略会合状态的装置,在所述策略会合状态期间等待所述策略授权请求的剩余部分到达以做出所述策略决定;用于在所述第一消息之后,从第二管理器接收第二消息的装置,所述第二消息包括用于所述策略授权请求的第二元素,所述第二元素完成所述策略授权请求;用于响应于所述第二消息,根据所述策略授权请求的所述第一和第二元素做出所述策略决定的装置;以及用于如果所述策略决定准予所述策略授权请求,则产生完整的策略方面并且将所述完整的策略方面传送给所述第一管理器或所述第二管理器,以授权用于所述特定应用上下文的对所述特定网络资源或应用参数的使用的装置。
附图说明
图1说明用于应用敏感策略执行的示例系统;以及
图2说明用于应用敏感策略执行的示例方法。
具体实施方式
概述
在一个实施例中,一种方法,包括从第一管理器接收第一消息。第一消息包括用于策略授权请求的第一元素。策略授权请求尝试获得用于特定应用上下文的特定网络资源的使用的授权。所述方法包括响应于第一消息,在策略管理器建立用于关于策略授权请求的策略决定的策略会合状态(policy rendezvous state)。所述方法包括在第一消息之后,从第二管理器接收第二消息。第二消息包括用于策略授权请求的第二元素,并且所述第二元素完成策略授权请求。所述方法包括响应于第二消息,根据策略授权请求的第一和第二元素做出策略决定。所述方法包括如果策略决定准予策略授权请求,则产生完整的策略方面(policy facet)并且将所述完整的策略方面传送给第一管理器或第二管理器,以授权用于特定应用上下文的特定资源的使用。
描述
图1说明用于应用敏感策略执行的示例系统10。系统10包括耦合到网络14的一个或更多端点12。一个或更多应用服务器26、一个或更多媒体服务器28,以及公用交换电话网(PSTN)32也耦合到网络14。经由网络14,端点12彼此通信,并且与应用服务器26、媒体服务器28和PSTN32通信。在具体实施例中,网络14包括局域网(LAN)、无线局域网(WLAN)、广域网(WAN)、城域网(MAN)、互联网的一部分或另一个网络14或两个或更多这样的网络14的组合。本发明设想任何合适的网络14或网络14的组合。作为示例并且以不被限制的方式,网络14的一个或更多部分可以提供基于演进数据优化(EVDO)码分多址接入(CDMA)的无线网络基础设施。网络14的一个或更多部分可以具有多媒体域加(MMD+)或类似的系统体系结构。
一个或更多链路16将端点12耦合到网络14。类似地,一个或更多链路16将一个或更多应用服务器26耦合到网络14,一个或更多链路16将一个或更多媒体服务器28耦合到网络14。一个或更多链路16将PSTN32耦合到网络14。在具体实施例中,一个或更多链路16的每个包括一个或更多有线、无线或光链路16。在具体实施例中,一个或更多链路16的每个包括LAN、WLAN、WAN、MAN、无线接入网(RAN)、互联网的一部分或另一链路16或两个或更多这样的链路16的组合。作为示例并且以不被限制的方式,一个或更多端点12(例如,基于EVDO Rev A的AT)和网络14之间的链路16可能包括RAN,该RAN具有特定的覆盖区域并且在其特定覆盖区域以内提供通过层2的移动接入、服务质量(QoS)、移动性和切换服务。RAN可能包括一个或更多无线资源管理器(RRM)和一个或更多基站收发台(BTS)。本发明设想任何合适的链路16。在具体实施例中,一个或更多端点12彼此共享到网络14的一个或更多链路16的一个或更多部分。类似地,在具体实施例中,一个或更多应用服务器26、媒体服务器28或两者彼此共享到网络14的一个或更多链路16的一个或更多部分。在具体实施例中,一个或更多第一链路16可能与一个或更多第二链路16不同。作为示例并且以不被限制的方式,包括RAN的第一链路16可能将一个或更多端点12(例如,基于EVDO Rev A的AT)耦合到网络14,并且包括PSTN网关的第二链路可能将PSTN 32耦合到网络14。PSTN网关可全部或部分位于网络14中。在具体实施例中,一个或更多链路16的每个可包括一个或更多位于网络14中的组件。链路16不必在网络14之外终止。本发明设想将端点12、应用服务器26、媒体服务器28和PSTN 32耦合到网络14的任何合适的链路16的任何合适的排列。
在具体实施例中,应用服务器26给一个或更多端点12提供一个或更多应用。作为示例并且以不被限制的方式,应用可以包括一个或更多基于会话启动协议(SIP)的通信应用,例如,网际协议(IP)电话。作为另一示例,应用可以包括一个或更多基于SIP的应用,例如,视频流、游戏或协作。端点12可以经由网络14中的应用管理器18调用应用服务器26处的基于SIP的通信应用。应用管理器18可以是硬件、软件或嵌入式逻辑组件或两个或更多这样的组件的组合,辅助将网络14的应用域集成到网络14的策略结构和安全体系结构中,如下所述。端点12可能直接调用应用服务器26处的非基于SIP的应用,但是,如下所述,策略管理器24可能管理对网络资源的接入。策略管理器24还可以协调网络资源,支持非基于SIP的应用的传递。在具体实施例中,一个或更多第一应用服务器26提供基于SIP的通信应用,并且一个或更多第二应用服务器26提供非基于SIP的通信应用。在具体实施例中,提供基于SIP的通信应用的应用服务器26位于网络14中,在应用管理器18之上。在具体实施例中,应用服务器26是单独的(stand-alone)或用户专用的。作为示例并且以不被限制的方式,单独的应用服务器26可以提供一般的应用服务,端点12处的用户可以通过参考与应用服务相关的服务名称,例如通过专用SIP统一资源标识符(URI)、电话号码或拨号串,显式地调用所述应用服务。所述一般应用服务的供应不需要涉及发端或终端呼叫/请求处理。用户专用应用服务器26可以提供涉及发端或终端呼叫/请求处理的应用服务。应用服务器26还可以存在于承载管理器22、IP网关34或在网络14中的任何其它网络元件中。例如,应用服务器26可以是通过使用深度分组检测或分组流优化而检测的应用的应用代理(application proxy)。例如,SKYPE的应用服务器就可以以这种方式提供。在具体实施例中,对这样的应用的调用实现对那些应用的QoS供应。本发明设想给端点12提供任何合适的应用的任何合适的应用服务器26,不论是直接或是间接地提供。
在具体实施例中,媒体服务器28向一个或更多应用服务器26提供一个或更多媒体处理功能。作为示例并且以不被限制的方式,媒体处理功能可能包括交互语音应答(IVR)、混合功能、代码转换、公告功能、消息功能,以及支持承载相关服务的其它功能。媒体处理功能可能是服务使能器,例如,其自身趋向于缺乏有用性,但是对其它应用有用的粗放型应用组件。在具体实施例中,一个或更多媒体服务器28集成到一个或更多应用服务器26中。在具体实施例中,一个或更多媒体服务器28相对于受到典型的SIP过程的控制的一个或更多应用服务器26而言是单独的,所述典型的SIP过程例如是INVITE消息的使用。
在具体实施例中,端点12使端点12处的用户能与在一个或更多其它端点12处的一个或更多用户进行通信,与在一个或更多电话或其它装置处的一个或更多用户跨越PSTN 32进行通信,或两者兼而有之。作为示例并且以不被限制的方式,端点12可以是基于EVDO Rev A的AT。端点12可以是移动IP电话。端点12可能是双模电话,包括EVDO Rev A或其它蜂窝功能和移动IP功能两者。端点12可以是个人数字助理(PDA),包括EVDO Rev A或其它蜂窝功能,移动IP功能,或两者。端点12可以是网络使能的(network-enabled)媒体播放器,包括EVDO Rev A或其它蜂窝功能,移动IP功能,或两者。在此,所提及的媒体包括音频、视频、其它媒体,或两个或更多这样的媒体的组合。端点12可以是网络使能的静态或视频相机。端点12可以是笔记本计算机系统,笔记本计算机系统可以运行电话应用,例如,SKYPE。端点12可以包括一个或更多无人值守或自动化系统(例如,摄像机、视频监视器,或网关或其它中间组件)或能够传送到网络14或从网络14传送的其它装置。在此,所提及的端点12包括一个或更多接入终端(AT),并且只要合适,反之亦然。本发明包括任何合适的端点12。
网络14包括应用管理器18、承载管理器22、策略管理器24、一个或更多IP网关34,以及服务数据管理器(SDM)。如上所述,在具体实施例中,网络14还包括PSTN网关,该PSTN网关辅助网络14和PSTN 32之间的通信。在具体实施例中,网络14的组件在多个城市或地理区域当中分布。在具体实施例中,网络14的组件使用IP、SIP,或两者(可能还使用一个或更多其它协议,例如实时流传输协议(RTSP))彼此进行通信。在具体实施例中,网络14的组件使用IP、SIP,或两者与端点12、应用服务器26和媒体服务器28进行通信。在此,所提及的IP适当地包括IP的任何合适的版本,例如IPv4、移动IPv6或两者的组合。在具体实施例中,网络14是分组交换网,并且网络14的组件将分组发送到彼此或从彼此发送。作为示例并且以不被限制的方式,从网络14的一个或更多第一组件发送到网络14的一个或更多第二组件的分组可能包括承载数据(例如,音频数据、视频数据、话音数据、其它数据或这样的承载数据的组合)、信令数据,或两者。在此,所提及的分组适当地包括信元(cell)、帧、数据报或其他数据单元或两个或更多这样的分组的组合。
策略管理器24是硬件、软件或嵌入式逻辑组件或两个或更多用于在网络14中管理策略的这样的组件的组合。在此,只要合适,所提及的策略包括用于利用网络资源(例如,QoS相关资源、接入和连接参数、移动性资源、计费资源、深度分组检测资源或代码转换或其它承载专用资源)以支持在网络14上运行的应用的一组规则。在具体实施例中,规则规定如果满足一个或更多条件时要发生的动作。作为示例并且以不被限制的方式,从端点12发往IP网关34的向IP网关34要求接入网络14的请求可能调用一个或多个策略处理或策略授权。IP网关34接着可能询问策略管理器24是否在IP网关34为端点12分配网络资源。IP网关34向策略管理器24提出的问题可采用通用形式:“用户X已经请求使用实现方式Z执行动作Y。我应该给用户X分配什么网络资源?”响应于来自IP网关34的问题,策略管理器24可以做出关于IP网关34应如何在IP网关34为端点12分配网络资源的一个或更多策略决定,并且然后启动所述一个或更多策略决定的实现。
在具体实施例中,策略管理器24负责网络14中的所有策略决定。在具体实施例中,策略管理器24根据一个或更多输入做出策略决定。作为示例并且以不被限制的方式,到策略决定的一个或更多输入可能是对一个或更多所请求的网络资源的描述。所请求的网络资源可能是QoS,QoS可以规定用于应用的最小带宽量。所请求的网络资源可以是用于对端点12的分配的对系统10的一个或更多组件的地理规范,这可以提高端点12的移动性。到策略决定的一个或更多输入可以是应用上下文(applicationcontext)。应用上下文可以描述用于网络资源利用的应用结构。应用上下文可以包括被调用的一个或更多应用中的每一个的名称或另一个标识。应用上下文还可以包括关于应用调用的细节,其使策略管理器能做出更灵通的应用敏感策略决定。应用上下文不仅可以包括应用的名称,还可包括被请求的网络资源中的每一个的应用上下文信息。例如,应用上下文可以告知策略管理器:正在对于使用“PCMU”音频编解码器的“音频”媒体流和CIF格式的使用“H.263”视频编解码器的“视频”媒体流请求网络资源。拥有这样的信息,策略管理器24可以做出考虑了该上下文信息的策略决定。例如,策略管理器24可以告知应用管理器18:对于使用“PCMU”的“音频”部分,允许请求继续进行,而只允许对“视频”的请求以“QCIF”格式的“H.263”继续进行。因此,所得到的由策略管理器24准予的网络资源依赖于该上下文信息。在具体实施例中,当承载管理器22或系统10的其它组件请求一个或更多网络资源时,基于所请求的网络资源的描述和该请求的应用上下文的组合,策略管理器24做出对请求的一个或更多策略决定,如下所述。在具体实施例中,做出策略决定的处理的输出是一个或更多策略方面。
在具体实施例中,策略管理器24产生并且传送策略方面,以实现策略决定。策略方面是描述一个或更多策略决定的一组规则,用于在系统10的一个或更多组件处安装和执行。作为示例,策略管理器24可以使用由承载管理器22产生的网络方面和应用管理器18产生的应用方面来产生描述策略管理器24做出的一个或更多策略决定的策略方面。网络方面可以描述被请求的一个或更多网络资源,并且应用方面可以描述用于被请求的网络资源的利用的应用上下文。策略管理器24可以将网络方面和应用方面组合以产生策略方面,该策略方面包括一组规则,所述规则描述由策略管理器24做出的关于所请求的网络资源的一个或更多策略决定。
策略管理器24可以产生完整的策略方面或用于以后再完成的部分的策略方面。作为示例并且以不被限制的方式,策略管理器24可以从应用管理器18接收应用方面(描述具体应用上下文),并将其与来自承载管理器22的网络方面(标识要保留的具体网络资源)组合,以产生具有一整组策略规则的完整的策略方面,所述策略规则控制用于应用方面所标识应用的系统10的具体组件对所标识的网络资源的利用。如下所述,策略管理器24可能彼此异步地接收应用方面和网络方面。在接收策略方面之后,网络元件可以根据策略方面下的策略决定进行动作。作为示例并且以不被限制的方式,策略方面可能包括向端点12提供QoS的指令,并且策略管理器24可能在系统10中负责确保到端点12的QoS的组件处安装所述策略方面。
在具体实施例中,网络14的策略模型包括由策略管理器24执行的输入/输出处理:所述输入是在策略授权请求中接收到的各种策略上下文,并且所述输出是各种策略方面和应用行为修正器(application behaviormodifier,ABM)。策略方面是例如与发送给承载管理器22的接入、移动性、QoS、收费、深度分组检测和安全性相关的各种策略执行参数。ABM是向应用管理器18发送的各种应用行为规则。对于策略决定,策略管理器24可能需要来自承载管理器22和应用管理器18两者的上下文信息,并且策略管理器24可能异步接收所述上下文信息。具体实施例使用策略会合点或状态,其定义当策略管理器24在来自承载管理器22的请求的剩余部分之前接收来自应用管理器18的网络资源请求的一部分,或反之时的行为。
在具体实施例中,策略方面中的指令对应于关于一个或更多端点12的用于网络14上运行的一个或更多应用的网络资源利用的策略决定。在具体实施例中,策略方面包括限制到端点12的网络接入的指令,准予到端点12的QoS的指令,其它指令,或两个或更多这样的指令的组合。作为示例并且以不被限制的方式,准予到端点12的QoS的指令可包括:保留带宽的指令(这可以规定用于一组分组的带宽量);产生一个或更多分组标记的指令(这可以为一组分组设置不同的服务代码点);产生一个或更多流量调整器(shaper)或策略器(policer)的指令(这可以规定分组的丢弃、标记或调整);产生一个或更多授权包络(authorization envelope)的指令(这规定可分配给端点12的最大带宽);其它指令;或两个或更多这样的指令的组合。这样的指令可以是QoS方面。
作为示例并且以不被限制的方式,网络方面(策略管理器24可以使用其产生策略方面)可以描述用于端点12或应用的QoS。网络方面还可以描述移动性、接入、深度分组检测(DPI)、编码转换,或用于策略决定实现的其它功能。网络方面可以标识用于保留的网络资源,以提供由网络方面描述的位于下面的功能,例如到端点12的QoS供应。策略管理器24可以将策略方面同步或者异步地传送给系统10的组件。在具体实施例中,策略决定依赖于网络方面(策略管理器24可使用其产生策略方面)、应用上下文(可以描述被调用的应用和该应用的一个或更多特性),以及可能依赖于问题,所述问题是关于根据代表应用可能采取的动作的一组令牌(token),应用是应该终止还是继续的问题。作为示例并且以不被限制的方式,视频流应用可能具有称为“图片大小”(pic-size)的令牌,该令牌定义流图像的大小。因此,令牌可以提供“CIF”、“QCIF”或“SQCIF”的可能的分辨率值。通用中间格式(CIF)可以标准化像素的水平和垂直分辨率,并且可以提供352×288的分辨率。QCIF可以提供176×144的分辨率。SQCIF可以提供128×96的分辨率。在接收到包括“图片大小”令牌的应用方面后,策略管理器24可以根据网络拥塞做出决定,允许视频流应用仅利用最低分辨率格式,例如SQCIF。在具体实施例中,策略管理器24可能通过产生策略方面实现此,所述策略方面指示视频流应用服务器26:“图片大小”变量应该具有值“SQCIF”。在具体实施例中,SIP和非SIP应用可以依赖于策略决定。在基于SIP的应用的情况中,可以将令牌传送到应用管理器18,使得策略决定可以影响应用的调用、特征交互和终止。在非SIP应用的情况中,应用开发者可以提供让非SIP应用输出的一组控制(control)。所述控制可以代表不同的功能,非SIP应用可以根据来自网络14的输入支持所述不同的功能。
在具体实施例中,策略文件定义用于网络14的策略处理。策略文件可以是允许基于约束的表达式的以高级脚本描述语言表述的脚本。基于约束的表达式可能描述如果为真,则导致创建策略方面或一组策略方面的条件。作为示例并且以不被限制的方式,由策略方面描述的动作可以经由一组一般设定变量指令(generic set-variable instruction)表述。在具体实施例中,这允许策略文件控制应用的行为和其可能使用的网络资源,而不需要添加作为新应用的对策略管理器24或网络14中其它组件的升级。
一般而言,可以通过推模式(push mode)或拉模式(pull mode)安装策略方面。在推模式中,策略管理器24可以做出仲裁策略决定并且产生对应于该策略决定的策略方面,并且使用策略安装消息主动将策略方面推向网络14中的特定元件。接收所述方面的特定元件可以就所述方面的安装是否会成功做出本地化决定,并且然后拒绝或接受所述方面。在拉模式中,特定的元件接收对于要采取的某一动作的请求。接着,该特定元件询问策略管理器24(使用授权请求(Authorize Request))该做什么。在许多情况中,来自该特定元件的这个请求将会包含与策略管理器24将要返回给所述特定元件的方面几乎相同的信息。到策略管理器24的请求可以描述期望的动作将要发生的一组条件。作为示例,来自蜂窝电话的QoS可能具有这样的形式:“对于这个分组流,我需要某一量的带宽。”该请求实际上是要求在特定条件下(分组匹配流规范(flowspec))采取特定的动作(提供带宽)。随后,策略管理器24可以做出决定,并且,依赖于所述问题,提供准予、拒绝或修改所请求资源的方面。
策略管理器24有时可以以完整的策略方面立即响应来自具体网络元件的资源请求。然而,在其它情况中,策略管理器24不能立即响应,因为策略管理器24正在等待来自一个或更多另外的网络元件的另外的信息。例如,策略管理器24常常需要来自应用管理器18和承载过滤器22两者的信息以做出完全合格的策略决定,并且产生完整的策略方面。这个信息常常可能异步到达策略管理器24,造成策略决定做出处理中的延迟。例如,当网络14的具体元件(例如,承载管理器22)以网络方面的形式做出对网络资源的拉请求时,网络方面的批准可能依赖于将网络方面与应用上下文关联。应用上下文可能向策略管理器24提供应用结构,在该应用结构中,将会利用网络方面所标识的资源。作为示例并且以不被限制的方式,应用上下文可以作为来自应用管理器18的应用方面的一部分发送给策略管理器24。因此,在具体实施例中,策略管理器24必须接收来自承载管理器22的网络方面和来自应用管理器18的对应的应用方面两者,以做出其应用敏感策略决定并产生完整的策略方面。
来自不同网络元件的信息可能异步到达策略管理器24。在策略管理器24等待其需要的来自不同网络元件的信息到达期间,策略管理器24可能能够启动会合状态。作为示例并且以不被限制的方式,策略管理器24可以从承载管理器22接收网络方面,其标识承载管理器22想要保留的具体的网络资源。在接收到这个网络方面后,策略管理器24就可能启动策略会合状态,在该策略会合状态期间等待对应的应用上下文到达。应用上下文可能以应用方面的形式从应用管理器18发送到策略管理器24。当来自应用管理器18的应用方面达到时,策略管理器24可能随后将多个方面关联到一起,做出策略决定,并且将完整的策略方面推到恰当的网络元件(例如,承载管理器22和应用管理器18)。
在策略会合的情况中多个方面的关联可以使用各条不同的信息实现。第一条信息可以是用户ID,该用户ID对相关的方面可能是相同的。第二条信息可以包括IP分组分类符(系统10可以包括网络分类符和应用分类符两者),其定义方面所要应用到的一组分组。在具体实施例中,分类符是检测两个IP数据报或分组是否匹配的条件。分类符可能基于5重匹配(包括通配符)并且还可以基于更深的检测,包括更高层的报头值,例如HTTP URL。当与网络分类符匹配的分组匹配应用分类符时,网络方面可以关联到应用方面。与网络分类符不匹配的分组不会匹配应用分类符。在多重匹配的情况下,可以使用最精确的匹配。
在SIP呼叫建立的情况下,QoS网络方面(代表对各种网络资源的请求)和SIP应用方面(代表话音呼叫应用上下文)可能需要会合。为了关联这两个方面,策略管理器24可能需要与所述方面相关的分类符。因为QoS方面可能从IP网关34拉出,所以QoS方面可能包括基于对例如相应RAN的相应接入网做出的QoS请求的分类符。至于SIP应用方面,其可能包含标识媒体流的会话描述协议(SDP),并且应用管理器18可能将这些SDP转换成分类符中,将所述分类符作为应用方面的一部分传递给策略管理器24。
在某些实施例中,策略管理器24可以向第一方面的资源提供“未决响应”(pending response),通知资源:策略管理器24在做出策略决定之前正在等待来自第二资源的信息。作为示例并且以不被限制的方式,如果策略管理器24从承载管理器22接收网络方面,该网络方面标识承载管理器22想要保留的具体的带宽量,则策略管理器24可能启动策略会合状态并且将未决响应发送给承载管理器22,通知承载管理器22:一旦获知将要利用所请求带宽的应用(例如,一旦其接收到应用上下文),策略管理器24就会做出策略决定。在从策略管理器24接收到未决响应后,承载管理器22可以做预期接收和安装来自策略管理器24的完整的策略方面的各种准备。在带宽分配请求的情况下,承载管理器22可以预期接收策略管理器的决定而保留一定量的带宽。一旦策略管理器24已经做出其策略决定并且将完整的策略方面发送给承载管理器22,则根据所提供的策略,承载管理器22可以提交(commit)保留的网络资源(例如,保留的带宽)。本发明的一个具体实施例可以实现为SIP呼叫建立的一部分,其中可以预期发送SIP INVITE而保留具体的QoS资源。因此,该功能避免使用预处理(precondition)。
在具体实施例中,超时可能与策略管理器24、承载管理器22和/或其它网络元件中的会合状态有关。根据预定标准,超时可以是可变的或者固定的。作为示例并且以不被限制的方式,如果在响应于接收第一方面(例如,标识要保留的具体网络资源的网络方面)而启动会合状态之后,策略管理器24在所述会合状态期间没有从负责提供第二方面(例如,来自应用管理器18的应用方面)的元件接收到第二方面,则策略管理器24可能将拒绝决定推给发送第一方面的网络元件(例如,承载管理器22)。然后,承载管理器22可能取消其原本可能预期接收来自策略管理器24的完整策略方面而已经保留的任何资源。作为示例并且以不被限制的方式,承载管理器22或另一个网络元件可能启动其自身的超时并且从而主动动作。
策略管理器24可能能够对系统10的所有元件产生类似的功能。作为示例并且以不被限制的方式,包括在从承载管理器22接收到相应的网络方面之前从应用管理器18接收到应用方面的情况在本发明范围之内。因此,策略管理器24可以向应用管理器18,或请求策略决定的任何其它元件提供类似于以上所述的功能。本技术领域的技术人员确定可以了解:这些特征可以使用遍布系统10的任何数目的不同元件在任何数量的点实现,且本发明实施例仅仅是为了说明简便起见而限于其各自的组成和配置。
在具体实施例中,策略管理器24需要来自应用管理器18和承载管理器22两者的上下文信息以用于完全合格的策略决定。然而,可以异步接收来自应用管理器18和承载管理器22的请求。具体实施例采用策略会合状态和“未决策略决定”的概念用于处理这样的情况。这个方案可以利用基于PULL(拉)和PUSH(推)两者的策略模型。当最先策略管理器24接收来自承载管理器22用于策略授权的请求时,策略管理器24并不了解用户正在调用的应用。所以策略管理器24在该点进入“策略会合”状态,并且将未决响应提供给承载管理器22。承载管理器22注意到该未决状态,并且为各种策略方面安装做好准备。例如,承载管理器22可能为用户保留一定量的带宽用于带宽呼叫准入控制。当策略管理器24接收到来自应用管理器18的请求时,策略管理器24获知应用上下文,做出应用敏感策略决定,并且将完整的策略方面推给承载管理器22。承载管理器22在接收到完整的方面后,就可以提交用户所需的网络资源。在策略管理器24和承载管理器22两者中可能都存在与会合状态相关的超时。如果在超时时段期间,策略管理器24没有接收来自应用管理器18的请求,则策略管理器24可能将拒绝决定推到承载管理器22。类似地,在策略管理器24最先接收来自应用管理器18的策略授权请求,并且策略管理器24需要等待来自承载管理器22的请求以将用于ABM的完整的策略决定提供到应用管理器18时,也可以使用这机制。运营商可能部署上述模型的一个或者两者以用于策略管理。
在具体实施例中,承载管理器22负责执行策略方面并且控制网络资源。承载管理器22可以包括硬件、软件或嵌入式逻辑组件或者两个或更多这样的组件的组合,用于管理网络14中的承载路径。一般而言,作为示例并且以不被限制的方式,管理网络14中的承载流量可包括建立、监控和拆卸系统10的组件之间的承载路径。在具体实施例中,承载管理器22还辅助用于端点12的例如信号处理、分配网络资源和管理网关(例如IP网关34)之类的操作。在具体实施例中,承载管理器22位于网络14的一个或更多服务器处。在具体实施例中,承载管理器22和策略管理器24彼此一起位于网络14的一个或更多服务器处。在具体实施例中,承载管理器22包括通用分组无线业务(GPRS)支持节点(SGSN)、网关GPRS支持节点(GGSN)、家乡/外地代理、移动网关、移动IPv6节点、分组数据服务节点(PDSN)或两个或更多这种组件的组合。承载管理器22使用任何合适的协议(例如,IP多媒体子系统(IMS)协议)来与系统10的一个或更多其它组件进行通信。
在具体实施例中,因为承载管理器22管理网络14中的承载路径,所以承载管理器22负责保留具体的网络资源以执行其任务。当面对关于承载管理器22是否应该保留具体网络资源的决定时,承载管理器22可能产生网络方面,要求策略管理器24代表承载管理器22作出策略决定。作为示例并且以不被限制的方式,当端点12为了放置SIP呼叫而尝试经由RAN从网络14获取网络资源时,可以从RAN准予端点12具体的QoS。可以关于RAN准予的QoS联络承载管理器22,并且要求承载管理器22保留具体的网络资源以保持网络14上的RAN准予的QoS。承载管理器22可以联络策略管理器24并且要求策略管理器24做出关于承载管理器22是否应该保留所请求资源的决定。然后,承载管理器22等待来自策略管理器24的策略决定。作为示例并且以不被限制的方式,策略决定可以(1)告知承载管理器22应该提交具体资源以在应用中使用,(2)告知承载管理器22不应该提交具体网络资源以在应用中使用,(3)代表应用告知承载管理器22应该提交比原本请求的更多资源,或(4)代表应用告知承载管理器22应该提交比原本请求的更少的资源。
在具体实施例中,应用管理器18负责维护应用状态。应用管理器18可以包括硬件、软件或嵌入式逻辑组件或者两个或更多这样的组件的组合,辅助将网络14的应用域集成到网络14的策略结构和安全基础设施中。应用管理器18可负责基本的SIP功能,例如SIP登记和SIP呼叫路由。应用管理器18还可以提供基本的话音特征集,例如呼叫转移和呼叫筛选。应用管理器18还可负责到端点12的和来自端点12的SIP呼叫授权,以及将那些呼叫路由到正确的终端组件,不论其是另一应用管理器、到PSTN 32的网关还是对等运营商。当面对关于是否应该调用具体应用的决定时,应用管理器18可能产生应用方面,要求策略管理器24做出主要关于是否调用应用的策略决定。作为示例并且以不被限制的方式,应用管理器18可能希望代表尝试呼叫的用户转发SIP INVITE。在接收到转发SIP INVITE的请求后,应用管理器18就可能以应用方面的形式将应用上下文传送给策略管理器24,并且然后等待关于如何继续的来自策略管理器24的策略决定,所述应用方面可能包括对请求进行分类的令牌(例如应用类型、媒体类型等)、用于请求的QoS参数、分类符信息和与请求有关的用户身份。如果策略管理器24仍然在等待来自其它网络资源(例如,承载管理器22)的信息,则策略管理器24可以发送给应用管理器18未决响应。响应于接收未决响应,应用管理器18可以做预期接收来自策略管理器24的完整的策略方面的各种准备。策略管理器24可以将应用上下文和来自承载管理器22的对网络资源的请求进行比较,并且然后,根据其比较产生完整的策略方面,告知应用管理器18如何继续。
当分类符信息尚不可用时,应用管理器18或非SIP应用服务器26也可以要求由策略管理器24做出的策略决定。这样的能力可以提供重要的有效性,使得系统10能支持到终端端点12的示例SIP呼叫,而不需要使用预处理,同时仍允许做出与网络资源相关的应用敏感策略决定。
在具体实施例中,应用管理器18可以使用电话号码映射(TelephoneNumber Mapping,ENUM)辅助系统10的组件之间的呼叫路由,并且可以借助(leverage)已配置的路由表将呼叫路由到PSTN 32。应用管理器18还可以负责基于SIP的应用服务器26的调用,基于SIP的应用服务器26可以提供类似IP中央办公交换(centrex)和一键通(Push-To-Talk)的服务。一个或更多应用服务器26可能位于应用管理器18之上,并且可能使用IP多媒体子系统(IMS)服务控制(ISC)接口接入应用服务器26。在具体实施例中,应用管理器18可以提供服务能力交互管理(SCIM)功能,所述功能执行应用管理器的内部特征之间的特征交互管理。应用管理器18可能在DIAMETER接口上与策略管理器24交互,将SIP会话请求告知策略管理器24,使得可以恰当地配置网络14以支持那些会话。
在具体实施例中,应用管理器18可以服务于一组SIP用户并且使得能够为那些用户提供发端和终端服务。应用管理器18可以通过提供一般的和灵活的SIP处理平台实现此,通过所述平台,可以实现新的SIP服务的实现和部署。应用管理器18可以提供与系统中其它SIP实体有关,尤其与外部SIP应用服务器26有关的一组公共核心功能。在具体实施例中,经由这些外部SIP应用服务器26提供新的SIP服务。在具体实施例中,应用管理器18利用系统10的整体策略结构、通用安全基础设施和公共数据存储功能,不仅提供一组一般的SIP能力,还提供通用集成能力。
在具体实施例中,由一个或更多IP网关34执行对网络14的接入。随后,IP网关34至少可以部分地负责端点12到网络14的认证,这可以通过扩展认证协议(EAP)交换完成。IP网关34可以使用A10、A11或A12CDMA接口在链路16中与RAN进行通信,可以在其自身和RAN之间执行切换功能,可以辅助一个或更多端点12到网络14的登记,并且可以将承载管理器22指定给端点12。
图2说明了用于应用敏感策略执行的示例方法。所述方法在步骤100开始,其中,承载管理器22与策略管理器24联络,请求关于承载管理器22是否给尚未定义的使用保留具体网络资源的策略决定。来自承载管理器22的请求可以是策略请求。此时,策略管理器24只有关于要分配的资源的信息,但是没有关于要使用资源的上下文的信息。在步骤104,策略管理器24建立会合状态以等待来自应用管理器18的应用上下文的到达。在步骤108,在建立会合状态之后,策略管理器24发送给承载管理器22“未决响应”。该处理也相等地应用到这情况:策略管理器24最先接收来自应用管理器18的应用方面,并且建立会合状态以等待来自承载管理器22的网络方面的到达。在这种情况中,应用管理器18(而不是承载管理器22)可能接收未决响应。在步骤112,在接收到未决响应后,承载管理器22(或应用管理器18,依赖于那个管理器最先与策略管理器联络)做出各种准备以接收来自策略管理器24的完整的策略决定。在步骤116,策略管理器24在会合状态期间接收到来自应用管理器18的相应应用方面,或者在会合状态期间没有接收到来自应用管理器18的相应应用方面。在步骤120,如果策略管理器24在会合状态期间没有接收到来自应用管理器18的相应应用方面,则策略管理器24发送消息给承载管理器22,命令承载管理器22取消任何保留的网络资源,此时方法结束。
在步骤124,策略管理器24在会合状态期间接收到应用方面,并且因此做出策略决定。在步骤128,策略管理器24产生包含其策略决定的完整的策略方面。在步骤132,策略管理器24将完整的策略方面传送给承载管理器22和/或可能正在等待策略决定的任何其它网络组件,例如应用管理器18。在步骤136,承载管理器22和/或任何其它相关元件安装来自策略管理器24的完整的策略方面,并且启动策略决定的实现,此时方法结束。虽然图2所示的方法的具体步骤描述和图示为以特定的顺序发生,但是本发明设想图2所示的方法任何的合适的步骤以任何合适的顺序发生。此外,虽然图1的具体组件描述和图示为执行图2所示的方法的具体步骤,但本发明设想执行图2所示的方法的任何合适的步骤的任何合适的组件。
本发明包括对在此描述的本技术领域的普通技术人员可以理解的示例实施例的所有改变、替换、变化、变更和修改。类似地,只要合适,附加权利要求包括对在此描述的本技术领域的普通技术人员可以理解的示例实施例的所有改变、替换、变化、变更和修改。
Claims (26)
1.一种用于应用敏感策略执行的方法,包括:
从第一管理器接收第一消息,所述第一消息包括用于策略授权请求的第一元素,所述策略授权请求尝试对用于特定应用上下文的对特定网络资源或应用参数的使用进行授权;
响应于所述第一消息,在策略管理器建立用于关于所述策略授权请求的策略决定的策略会合状态,所述策略管理器在所述策略会合状态期间等待所述策略授权请求的剩余部分到达以做出所述策略决定;
在所述第一消息之后,从第二管理器接收第二消息,所述第二消息包括所述策略授权请求的第二元素,所述第二元素完成所述策略授权请求;
响应于所述第二消息,根据所述策略授权请求的所述第一和第二元素做出所述策略决定;以及
如果所述策略决定准予所述策略授权请求,则产生完整的策略方面并且将所述完整的策略方面传送给所述第一管理器或所述第二管理器,以授权用于所述特定应用上下文的对所述特定网络资源或所述应用参数的使用。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中:
所述第一管理器是承载管理器;
所述第一消息的第一元素标识所述特定网络资源;
所述第二管理器是应用管理器;以及
所述第二消息的第二元素标识所述特定应用上下文。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中:
所述第一管理器是应用管理器;
所述第一消息的第一元素标识所述特定应用上下文;
所述第二管理器是承载管理器;以及
所述第二消息的第二元素标识所述特定网络资源。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,所述特定网络资源包括服务质量(QoS)。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,所述特定应用上下文标识:
特定应用;以及
由所述特定应用使用的网络资源。
6.根据权利要求5的方法,其中,所述特定应用上下文还标识以下中的一个或更多:
所述特定应用的一个或更多组成组件;
描述各个所述组成组件的一个或更多参数;或
由各个所述组成组件使用的一个或更多网络资源。
7.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,所述策略会合状态包括超时。
8.根据权利要求1的方法,还包括:如果所述第二消息在所述策略会合状态期间没有到达,则释放响应于所述第一消息而保留的一个或更多网络资源。
9.根据权利要求1的方法,还包括:如果所述策略决定拒绝所述策略授权请求,则释放响应于所述第一消息而保留的一个或更多网络资源。
10.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,所述策略方面包括网络方面、应用方面,或网络方面和应用方面两者。
11.根据权利要求1的方法,还包括:
在所述策略会合状态期间,将指示所述策略决定为未决的第三消息传送给所述第一管理器;
响应于所述第三消息,在所述第一管理器处启动一个或更多处理,为所述特定应用上下文中的所述特定资源或所述应用参数的使用做准备。
12.根据权利要求1的方法,其中:
所述特定网络资源包括特定服务质量(QoS);以及
所述特定应用上下文包括网际协议(IP)电话服务。
13.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,做出策略决定包括将所述策略授权请求中的特定网络资源与授权给所述特定应用上下文所标识的特定应用使用的网络资源进行比较。
14.一种用于应用敏感策略执行的系统,包括:
用于从第一管理器接收第一消息的装置,所述第一消息包括用于策略授权请求的第一元素,所述策略授权请求尝试对用于特定应用上下文的对特定网络资源或应用参数的使用进行授权;
用于响应于所述第一消息,在策略管理器建立用于关于所述策略授权请求的策略决定的策略会合状态的装置,在所述策略会合状态期间等待所述策略授权请求的剩余部分到达以做出所述策略决定;
用于在所述第一消息之后,从第二管理器接收第二消息的装置,所述第二消息包括用于所述策略授权请求的第二元素,所述第二元素完成所述策略授权请求;
用于响应于所述第二消息,根据所述策略授权请求的所述第一和第二元素做出所述策略决定的装置;以及
用于如果所述策略决定准予所述策略授权请求,则产生完整的策略方面并且将所述完整的策略方面传送给所述第一管理器或所述第二管理器,以授权用于所述特定应用上下文的对所述特定网络资源或应用参数的使用的装置。
15.根据权利要求14的系统,其中:
所述第一管理器是承载管理器;
所述第一消息的第一元素标识所述特定网络资源;
所述第二管理器是应用管理器;以及
所述第二消息的第二元素标识所述特定应用上下文。
16.根据权利要求14的系统,其中:
所述第一管理器是应用管理器;
所述第一消息的第一元素标识所述特定应用上下文;
所述第二管理器是承载管理器;以及
所述第二消息的第二元素标识所述特定网络资源。
17.根据权利要求14的系统,其中,所述特定网络资源包括服务质量(QoS)。
18.根据权利要求14的系统,其中,所述特定应用上下文标识:
特定应用;以及
由所述特定应用使用的网络资源。
19.根据权利要求18的系统,其中,所述特定应用上下文还标识以下中的一个或更多:
所述特定应用的一个或更多组成组件;
描述各个所述组成组件的一个或更多参数;或
由各个所述组成组件使用的一个或更多网络资源。
20.根据权利要求14的系统,其中,所述策略会合状态包括超时。
21.根据权利要求14的系统,还包括:用于如果所述第二消息在所述策略会合状态期间没有到达,则释放响应于所述第一消息而保留的一个或更多网络资源的装置。
22.根据权利要求14的系统,还包括:用于如果所述策略决定拒绝所述策略授权请求,则释放响应于所述第一消息而保留的一个或更多网络资源的装置。
23.根据权利要求14的系统,其中,所述策略方面包括网络方面、应用方面,或网络方面和应用方面两者。
24.根据权利要求14的系统,还包括:
用于在所述策略会合状态期间,将指示所述策略决定为未决的第三消息传送给所述第一管理器的装置;以及
用于响应于所述第三消息,在所述第一管理器处启动一个或更多处理,为所述特定应用上下文中的所述特定资源或应用参数的使用做准备的装置。
25.根据权利要求14的系统,其中:
所述特定网络资源包括特定服务质量(QoS);以及
所述特定应用上下文包括网际协议(IP)电话服务。
26.根据权利要求14的系统,其中,做出策略决定包括将所述策略授权请求中的特定网络资源与授权给所述特定应用上下文所标识的特定应用使用的网络资源进行比较。
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