CN101405039A - 用于形成多孔金属植入物的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于形成多孔金属植入物的方法和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101405039A
CN101405039A CNA200780009395XA CN200780009395A CN101405039A CN 101405039 A CN101405039 A CN 101405039A CN A200780009395X A CNA200780009395X A CN A200780009395XA CN 200780009395 A CN200780009395 A CN 200780009395A CN 101405039 A CN101405039 A CN 101405039A
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mixture
pore creating
creating material
polar liquid
liquid binder
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CN101405039B (zh
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内德·M·哈曼
詹姆斯·B·弗莱明
伊丽莎白·A·施吕特
艾萨克·詹森
杰森·D·梅里德
穆克什·库马尔
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Biomet Manufacturing LLC
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Biomet Manufacturing LLC
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09CTREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于提供多孔金属植入物的方法。本发明提供了一种生物相容性金属、造孔剂和粘合剂的混合物。将所述混合物成形,并除去造孔剂以在植入物内形成大量孔隙。本发明还提供了成形的多孔金属植入物。

Description

用于形成多孔金属植入物的方法和设备
相关申请
本申请与标题为“用于多孔植入物的方法和设备”的美国专利申请11/357868(代理人案号5490-000410/CPB)相关,其公开内容通过引用合并于此,于此同时递交“用于多孔植入物的方法和设备”,并共同转让给印第安纳州华沙的拜欧麦特制造公司(Biomet Manufacturing Corp.of Warsaw,Indiana)。
技术领域
本发明涉及多孔金属植入物及其制造方法。
背景技术
多孔金属植入物用于促进周边骨组织和软组织向植入物内部生长。当所述金属具有足够的孔隙率、完整性和连续性时,作为用于组织长入的支架的多孔植入物可向植入位点提供所需的承重强度。
可以通过从金属基底上除去多个小块的方式形成多孔植入物,例如蚀刻固体金属块。也可以通过使用金属小颗粒(例如粉末)形成植入物。在使用粉末的情况下,由于初步成型以及将植入物在多个加热炉、压力室、加工设备等间转移过程中结构上的改变,多步的加热和加压步骤会损害植入物所需的完整性和承重强度。此外,温度和压力必须适于除去发泡剂和造孔剂而不会进一步损害植入物。因为在多个加压、加热、塑形和其它加工步骤之间进行转换会造成植入物变形,在植入物形成过程中的这些多种考虑因素限制了从原料向复杂形状的形成。在使用金属粉末的其它系统中,必须使用粘结层或界面层以使多孔结构与基底相连接。这些方法中有许多使用不同金属以形成基底和多孔层,从而导致植入物的腐蚀和使用期限的降低。
需要提供具有下列性质中的一个或多个的多孔金属植入物:所需的孔隙率、易于成形和加工、易于形成复杂的三维形状、在各种加工步骤中维持其预期形状、促进软组织和硬组织的长入、并且适合用于承重。
发明内容
本发明提供了用于制备多孔金属植入物的方法,包括制备生物相容性金属粉末、造孔剂和非极性液体粘合剂的混合物,其中所述造孔剂基本不溶于所述非极性液体粘合剂。将所述混合物成形并从所述混合物中除去所述造孔剂和非极性液体粘合剂以在金属植入物内形成大量孔隙。
所述生物相容性金属粉末可选自钛、钛合金、钴、钴合金、铬、铬合金、钽、钽合金和不锈钢。所述生物相容性金属粉末可具有约5微米至约1500微米的粒径。所述造孔剂可选自过氧化氢、尿素、碳酸氢铵、碳酸铵、氨基甲酸铵、磷酸氢钙、萘和其混合物。所述造孔剂可具有约1微米至约1500微米的粒径。所述非极性液体粘合剂和所述造孔剂可形成悬浮液。所述非极性液体粘合剂可包含d-柠檬烯(可商购自美国佛罗里达州温特墨文的佛罗里达化学品股份有限公司,Florida Chemical Company,Inc.)。在形成混合物和除去造孔剂的过程中,粘合剂和造孔剂可粘合在一起。所述混合物可为均匀的。所述混合物可形成为适合应用至增大位点的形状。
可以使用压制技术(例如单轴压制、等静压制)和组合模(split die)技术使混合物成形,并且可以在室温或低于室温下进行。所述压制技术可以在约100MPa至约500MPa的压力下进行。通常适合的压力为约150MPa或150MPa以上或170MPa以上。除去造孔剂的过程可以包括在金属不与造孔剂反应的温度下使所述混合物升华。除去造孔剂后,可以在真空压力下烧结所述混合物。可以对形成的形状进一步修整、机械加工、连接至基底或焊接至基底。
可以通过使用至少两种不同粒径的金属粉末或造孔剂来改变植入物的孔隙率。孔隙率可以是连续的或者梯度的。所述梯度可包括从约1%至约80%的孔隙率变化。也可以用试剂对植入物进行涂覆,例如可吸收性陶瓷、可吸收性聚合物、抗生素、脱矿骨基质、血液制品、血小板浓缩液、同种异体移植物、异种移植物、自体和同种异体分化细胞或干细胞、肽、营养剂、维生素、生长因子及其组合。
本发明还提供了用于提供多孔金属植入物的可模制组合物。所述组合物包括生物相容性金属粉末、造孔剂和非极性液体粘合剂,其中所述造孔剂基本不溶于所述非极性液体粘合剂。所述生物相容性金属粉末可独立包含Ti-6Al-4V,所述造孔剂可包含碳酸氢铵,而所述非极性液体粘合剂可包含d-柠檬烯。可以经过对材料的选择,使得所述造孔剂的升华温度与所述非极性液体粘合剂的升华温度间的差别小于约200℃。所述可模制组合物可以包括固定元件(securing element)。
本发明还提供了固定(securing)可模制组合物的方法,包含将固定元件放置在至少一部分混合物的周围;使混合物在固定元件内形成成型物;使造孔剂和非极性液体粘合剂从成型物中升华;除去固定元件;烧结成型物。所述固定元件可以是柔性材料并可以利用真空密封在至少部分混合物周围固定。箔片可以具有约1毫米的厚度。所述固定元件可以增强成型物的粘结性至少三天。
本发明还提供了制备多孔金属植入物的方法,包括:制备包含生物相容性金属粉末、造孔剂和非极性液体粘合剂的混合物,其中所述造孔剂基本不溶于所述非极性液体粘合剂;将所述混合物成形;在单一加热单元中对混合物进行热循环以除去造孔剂和非极性液体粘合剂,并烧结金属粉末以在金属植入物内形成大量孔隙。可以将混合物继续保持在加热单元中直至金属粉末结合形成金属植入物。热循环可包括至少一次烧结和至少一次淬火步骤。
本发明的其它应用领域可体现于下文的具体实施方式中。应当理解的是具体实施方式和具体实施例的目的仅在于说明而不在于限制本发明的范围。
附图说明
图1图示了依照各种实施方案,用于制备多孔金属植入物的混合物;
图2图示了依照各种实施方案的多孔金属植入物;
图3A至3H图示了依照各种实施方案的各种成形的多孔金属植入物;
图4A图示了依照各种实施方案,用于形成多孔金属植入物的固定制品;
图4B图示了图4A所示固定制品的内视图。
图5A至5C图示了依照各种实施方案,与髋臼杯假体一起使用的多孔金属植入物;
图6为形成多孔金属植入物的方法的流程图;和
图7图示了依照各种实施方案,连接至固体核的多孔金属植入物。
具体实施方式
以下说明仅具有例证的性质而不是为了以任何形式限制本发明、其应用或用途。尽管结合与膝关节或髋关节修复装置一起使用的多孔金属植入物描述了各种实施方案,但是需要理解的是本发明的植入物和方法可以具有任意适合的基底或形状,并可以以任何适宜的程序使用,而不单单是所例举的那些。
参考图1和图2,可以由金属粉末12、造孔剂14和非极性液体粘合剂16的混合物形成多孔金属植入物10。通过将混合物加热至足以除去造孔剂14和非极性液体粘合剂16的温度以在相互连接的粉末12颗粒间留下大量孔隙18来形成多孔金属植入物10。
金属粉末12可以是适合用作植入物并提供所需的强度、承重能力和成孔能力的任意金属或合金。合适的金属实例包括钛、钴、铬或钽以及它们的合金,不锈钢及其组合。金属粉末12的颗粒可具有约5微米至约1500微米的直径。在各种实施方案中,金属粉末12可以具有至少两种不同的粒径。
造孔剂14提供了多孔金属植入物10的孔隙18。造孔剂14可以从混合物中除去,并且如果造孔剂14不在多孔金属植入物10中留有残留物则较为理想。更理想的是造孔剂14可以膨胀或收缩以补足多孔金属植入物10内所需大小的孔隙18的形成。造孔剂14可以选自于由过氧化氢、尿素、碳酸氢铵、碳酸铵、氨基甲酸铵、磷酸氢钙、萘和其混合物所组成的组中,或者可以是任意其它适合于升华和空间形成的材料。通常,造孔剂14具有约小于250℃的熔点、沸点、升华温度等。如下文所述,因为在造孔剂14分解和金属粉末12颗粒间形成冶金结合后,而在造孔剂14原先所在的位置留下孔隙18或间隙,所以造孔剂14在所述热循环过程前和热循环过程之中提供了生物相容性金属粉末12的大孔性和微孔性。
非极性液体粘合剂16用来促进混合物的粘结性,因为非极性液体粘合剂16使所有的混合物组分保持紧密相邻并且不溶解造孔剂14。非极性液体粘合剂16可以是挥发性化合物,其沸点非常接近造孔剂14升华或分解点。在各种实施方案中,此温度差别小于约200℃。在另一个实施方案中,此差别小于约100℃。造孔剂14的升华温度与非极性液体粘合剂16的沸点的范围相近,这使造孔剂14和非极性液体粘合剂16可在同一步骤中除去。
非极性液体粘合剂16可以是植物源有机化合物。此类粘合剂的一个实例为柠檬烯(4-异丙烯基-1-甲基环己烯),包括其任何立体异构体,例如d-柠檬烯,l-柠檬烯和其混合物。在各种实施方案中,可以使用d-柠檬烯。d-柠檬烯可来自柑橘类果实(桔子(orange)、柠檬、酸橙、橘子(tangerine)等),来自其它植物材料,例如松(Pinus)属植物(松针和松枝)、前胡(Peucedanum)属(莳萝植物)和其它植物。在非极性粘合剂16是来自柑橘类果实的实施方案中,优选主要组分为d-柠檬烯并且余量由其它萜烯烃和含氧化合物(例如辛醇、月桂烯、α-蒎烯和芳樟醇)组成。d-柠檬烯可以为实验室合成(非果实来源)或由食品或工业级植物加工而来。其它适合的非极性液体粘合剂16可包括比材料中的其它组分(例如,来自杉木、苦配巴香脂(CopaibaBalsam)、姜、大麻、蛇麻草、佛手柑、臭春黄菊(dog fennel)、松节油、蒎烯和枞萜的那些组分)浓度高的萜烯。在各种实施方案中,可以使用混合的萜烯溶液,即由多种浓度的萜烯、倍半萜和多萜组成的混合物。应理解非极性液体粘合剂16不仅限于植物源材料,还包括具有所需的挥发性和/或与金属粉末12和造孔剂14等的相容性的非极性液体,例如矿物油。
可以通过混合非极性液体粘合剂16、造孔剂14和金属粉末12的混合物以使其均匀化。在各种实施方案中,金属粉末12与造孔剂14的比例为约1∶1至约10∶1。非极性液体粘合剂16的比例可以是约1份粘合剂(以毫升计)对约10份固体(造孔剂14和生物相容性金属粉末12,以克计)至约1份粘合剂16对约30份固体。
通过改变混合物组分的比例和/或组分的大小可以提供具有较高或较低的孔隙率、增强的承重能力的植入物,并且有助于为身体的特定区域定制多孔金属植入物10。使用8∶1的金属粉末12与造孔剂14的比例可以提供具有极细孔隙的致密的植入物10。在另一个实施例中,在金属粉末12与造孔剂14的比例为3∶1的混合物中,如果造孔剂14具有至少为约25微米的直径且金属粉末12具有约10微米的直径,则可以获得较大的孔隙。如果将上述金属粉末和造孔剂14的直径大小互换,则可以获得较小的孔隙。
混合物也可以包括不同粒径的金属粉末12。通过包含至少两种不同粒径大小的金属粉末12可以获得孔隙率梯度。孔隙率梯度可以为,跨越整个植入物10体增加或减少多至约80%的植入物10的孔隙率。孔隙率梯度可以为连续或按比例增加(或减少)至所需量,或者孔隙率梯度可以包括不同的孔隙率区域(例如,由80%孔隙率区域过度至40%孔隙率区域,再过度至75%孔隙率区域)。多孔金属植入物10中区域间的所述过度可以是连续的。为了提供不同的孔隙率,将对应于具体孔隙率的混合物堆叠在具有不同孔隙率的混合物之上,或将其邻近具有不同孔隙率的混合物堆叠。
混合物可以形成为规则形状或几何形状。如图3A至3F所示,成形的混合物可以用于形成植入物,包括固体圆柱体,块、圆盘、圆锥还包括如图3B和3C所示的空心或凹陷的区域。混合物也可以是自由形状,例如对应于接受者的增大位点的形状以提供特别适合接受者的假体。金属粉末12、造孔剂14和非极性液体粘合剂16的组合可以在进行下文所述的任何热处理之前对混合物进行成形处理。在烧结前将混合物成形消除了混合物在用于升华造孔剂14的热源、用于除去非极性液体粘合剂16的不同热源以及其它机器间转移的需要,从而简化了形成多孔金属植入物10的过程。
参考图4A和4B,为了促进多孔金属植入物10的成形,将混合物固定于固定元件20中的位置。固定元件20可接触形成多孔金属植入物10的混合物的至少一个区域。固定元件20可以由基本不与金属粉末12、造孔剂14和/或非极性液体粘合剂16反应的柔性材料制成。固定元件20可以是金属箔,例如铝箔。固定元件20也可以为橡胶材料或硅酮聚合物。固定元件20的厚度可以大于约1毫米,但可以根据多孔金属植入物10的大小以及非极性液体粘合剂16与金属粉末12和造孔剂14的比例按比例增加或减小。例如,如果混合物具有临界体积的非极性液体粘合剂16,则可能会需要使用较厚金属箔作为固定元件20以防止非极性粘合剂16从包装物中意外泄露。固定元件20可以是与部分混合物相接触、经自折叠或形成袋状以包住所述混合物的条带或箔片。包装在固定元件20中的混合物小袋可以形成特定的形状,例如图3A至3H所示的形状,而不会破坏混合物或干扰材料中可能的孔隙率梯度。
固定元件20增加了热循环前混合物可以存贮的时间。固定元件20增加了金属粉末12、造孔剂14和粘合剂16的混合物的粘结性以减小因材料的破裂造成的材料的意外分离,尤其是例如在混合物经排列而提供孔隙率梯度的情况下。所述粘结性是指将金属粉末12、造孔剂14和粘结剂16结合在一起作为这些各自分立的材料的一个实体的能力。例如,可以将混合物保持几个小时,1至7天,约3至12周,几年或更长时间。在非极性液体粘合剂16为d-柠檬烯的实施方案中,混合物具有显著的储存稳定性。当混合物的制备完成后较长时间后才烧结混合物时,或可用的加热单元(例如烘箱、加热炉等)的数量源受到限制以及需要制造的多孔金属植入物10的数量/品种受到限制时,储存稳定性特别有利。
图6主要详细描述了形成多孔金属植入物10的方法。形成多孔金属植入物10通常包括制备混合物步骤100、混合物塑形步骤102以及对混合物进行热循环处理以形成多孔体步骤104。上文详细描述了制备混合物步骤100。混合物塑形步骤可以包括在合适的设备内将所述混合物压制成压坯,所述设备包括等静压制设备、单轴压制设备或组合模。可以将混合物放置在橡胶模具或任何其它适合的模具中以在压制过程中维持其形状。在各种实施方案中,在约200℃或200℃以下的温度,或在室温或低于室温的温度下进行压制。例如,可以在低于约200℃的温度下使用冷等静压制。将金属-粘合剂-造孔剂混合物放置在冷等静压包中并施加压力。其它成形过程包括对经冷等静压制或其它压制成特定形状的印模进行塑形,使之成为特定形状。所使用的压力在约345kPa至约420kPa。可以将所形成的形状或印模机械加工成具体的形状(例如,髋臼杯)。也可以将压制的压坯保存在气密的容器或箔袋中。
热循环步骤104包括除去造孔剂14和非极性液体粘合剂16并烧结混合物以产生金属颗粒间结合并提供多孔金属植入物10的物理和机械性能。热循环步骤104可以包括至少一个烧结106和至少一个淬火108。烧结条件(温度、时间和气氛)必须能够形成金属颗粒间结合并能避免大面积致密化。可以在受控气氛(例如真空)下进行烧结以防止在金属表面形成氧化物。热循环可以是使用一个烘箱或加热炉的过程并且在形成混合物的阶段和转移出所形成的多孔金属植入物10的阶段之间不需要对混合物进行操作。还应理解本文所述的材料的热循环可以在多个烘箱中进行。
在一个示例性的热循环步骤中,可以将压坯从起始温度约50℃加热至约250℃以除去非极性液体粘合剂16和造孔剂14。可以根据非极性液体粘合剂16和造孔剂14的组合、真空条件等选择精确的温度。理想的情况是在金属12不与造孔剂14反应的温度下除去造孔剂14。在各种实施方案中,此温度可以是约25℃至约500℃。在各种其他实施方案中,此温度可以是低于金属粉末12熔点的温度。例如,在一个实施方案中,非极性液体粘合剂16包含沸点为175℃的d-柠檬烯和沸点为108℃且在此温度下开始分解为二氧化碳的碳酸氢铵造孔剂。合适的起始循环温度可以是约至少60℃或更高,但优选低于所选金属粉末12的烧结温度。理想的起始循环温度为具有最高温度值的组分的沸点、升华点或分解温度附近或以上的温度。在以上实施例中,理想的是使用约175℃的起始循环温度。
对压坯进行首次烧结以将压坯(金属粉末12颗粒间基本没有冶金结合)转化为具有冶金结合的植入物10。可以按时间间隔(5秒至15分钟)升高腔内的温度(例如2℃、5℃、10℃、20℃、50℃)。一旦达到所需温度或“保持温度”,将混合物在保持温度维持约1小时至约10小时或约2小时至约6小时以在金属粉末12颗粒间形成冶金结合。使用温度间隔可以避免用来除去造孔剂14和非极性液体粘合剂16的另外的步骤或另外的烘箱。
将多孔金属植入物10淬火或快速冷却以产生被称作马氏体相的硬化金属相。可以通过直接淬火、喷雾淬火、热介质淬火、断续淬火、局部淬火、不完全淬火、喷液淬火和/或定时淬火来完成淬火。可以在不移动植入物的情况下在烧结炉中进行淬火。例如,在喷雾淬火中,可以使喷雾分布在淬火炉中以对金属进行淬火并在随后抽真空以除去喷雾。一旦将喷雾从淬火炉中彻底清除,可以向炉中重新注入惰性气体并继续进行热循环。可以在室温或低于室温下对多孔金属植入物10进行淬火,或者可以在较高的温度(约高于40℃)下对多孔金属植入物10进行淬火。例如,可以在接近后续的烧结或加热的起始温度下对多孔金属植入物10进行淬火。在此类实施方案中,如果首次烧结保持温度为大于1000℃,淬火可以将多孔金属植入物10的温度降低至约400℃。
也可以使用二次烧结。二次烧结可以在与首次烧结类似的条件下进行,或者使用比首次烧结低的保持温度。例如,在首次保持温度高于1000℃的情况下,二次保持温度可以是约500℃至约900℃。二次保持时间可以与首次保持时间的持续时间相同或不同。在各种实施方案中,保持时间可以是约1小时至约10小时或约2小时至约6小时。也可以重复上述淬火过程。此外,可以进行额外的烧结。
烧结完成后,最后的热处理可包括在低于金属粉末12的烧结温度下加热多孔植入物10,或在其值为首次烧结温度的一小部分的温度下加热多孔植入物10。在各种实施方案中,需要进行分段梯度降温。例如,首次烧结为高至约1200℃,二次烧结为高至约800℃,而最后的热处理为高至约400℃。可以在每个连续的加热过程减少预定的度数,例如约300℃至约400℃。可以在各加热过程之间进行淬火以增加多孔金属植入物10的硬度和使用寿命,同时防止例如由于将材料在多个烘箱或机器间移动而导致的破碎和畸形现象。在各种实施方案中,在最后的热循环中最好将多孔植入物淬火至约室温的温度。
热循环可以在真空中或减压惰性气体中进行。理想的是在惰性气氛(例如氩气)中进行烧结。真空和/或惰性气氛可以防止由于氧气和/或氮气向内扩散进入金属而造成多孔植入物10表面固溶体的硬化。
可以对多孔植入物10进行进一步的塑形和加工以调整材料的公差,并可以加入其它特征,例如凹槽、缺口、褶皱和通道等。也可以通过机械加工形成复杂的形状,例如图3G和3H所示的那些形状。
可以通过任意适合的方式将多孔金属植入物10与金属基底22连接,例如通过焊接、烧结、使用激光等。在各种实施方案中,金属基底的金属与金属粉末12相同。金属基底可以是假体装置,例如图3G所示的髋臼杯或图3H所示的骨节表面。用于连接金属基底和多孔体的温度和压力为可以在基底表面区域与相邻的多孔金属表面获得扩散和冶金结合的温度和压力。例如,在一个实施方案中,将多孔金属片段与金属基底加热至1000℃,所使用的压力必须能够使所得的植入物10具有结构完整性从而在植入接受者时没有显著的缺陷。
可以在与多孔体连接之前制备金属基底22。可以对金属基底22进行例如酸蚀刻、酸浴、喷砂或超声清洁处理。其它制备方法包括向金属基底22添加通道、凹点、凹槽、缺口、桥接或通孔等。这些添加的特征可以增加多孔金属体与下层金属基底间的附着力。如图5B和5C所示,多孔金属植入物体10可仅在特异的结构位点上与金属基底22部分地连接。如髋臼杯24所示,髋臼杯24包括环26,以及使用机械接口28和冶金结合与环26相连接的多孔植入物体10。图5B显示了C型的机械接口,而图5C显示了工字梁型机械接口。使用冶金结合进行连接的多孔金属植入物10的百分比小于约40%。也可以如图7所示,将多孔金属植入物10与固体核或固体30连接。
也可以将多孔金属植入物10作为骨科植入物的一部分进行连接,例如于2005年4月21日递交的美国专利申请11/111,123所公开的那些内容,所述美国专利申请通过引用合并于此。也可以将多孔金属植入物10用于形成几何结构,所述几何结构是可以自支撑的三维多孔工程几何结构,并且通过刚性丝连接到一起来构造以形成规则或不规则的几何形状。美国专利6,206,924更详细地描述了所述结构,通过引用将其合并于此。
可以向多孔金属植入物的至少部分表面涂覆额外的试剂。所述试剂包括可促进新组织向多孔金属植入物10内生长的可吸收性陶瓷、可吸收性聚合物、抗生素、脱矿骨基质、血液制品、血小板浓缩液、同种异体移植物、异种移植物、自体和同种异体分化细胞或干细胞、营养剂、肽和/或蛋白质、维生素、生长因子和其混合物。例如,如果额外的试剂为肽,优选向植入物中添加RGB肽。
本发明说明书仅具有例证的性质,因此不背离本发明宗旨的改变可确定为落入本发明的范围内。认为此类改变不背离本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (36)

1、一种制备多孔金属植入物的方法,包括如下步骤:
a.制备混合物,所述混合物包含:
i.生物相容性金属粉末;
ii.造孔剂;和
iii.非极性液体粘合剂,其中所述造孔剂基本不溶于所述非极性液体粘合剂;
b.将混合物成形;和
c.除去造孔剂以在所述金属植入物内形成大量的孔隙。
2、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述生物相容性金属粉末选自于由钛、钛合金、钴、钴合金、铬、铬合金、钽、钽合金和不锈钢所组成的组中。
3、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述金属粉末具有约5微米至约1500微米的粒径。
4、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述造孔剂包括过氧化氢、尿素、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、氨基甲酸铵、磷酸氢钙、萘和其混合物。
5、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述造孔剂具有约1微米至约1500微米的粒径。
6、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述非极性液体粘合剂和所述造孔剂形成悬浮液。
7、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述非极性液体粘合剂包含d-柠檬烯。
8、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述粘合剂和所述造孔剂在混合物的形成和造孔剂的除去过程中是结合到一起的。
9、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述混合物是均匀的混合物。
10、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述混合物成形步骤包括将混合物模制成适合应用到增大位点的形状。
11、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述混合物成形的方法选自压制技术,所述压制技术选自由单轴压制、等静压制以及组合模技术所组成的组中。
12、如权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述成形的方法在室温或低于室温的温度下进行。
13、如权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述压制技术在高于约150MPa下进行。
14、如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述压制技术在高于约170MPa下进行。
15、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述除去造孔剂的方法包括在金属不与造孔剂反应的温度下升华混合物。
16、如权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括除去造孔剂后在真空压力下烧结金属。
17、如权利要求16所述的方法,进一步包含修整植入物、机械加工植入物、将植入物与基底连接或将多孔植入物焊接到基底上的步骤中的至少一个。
18、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述金属粉末包括至少两种不同的粒径。
19、如权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括提供金属植入物内的梯度孔隙率。
20、如权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述梯度孔隙率是约1%至约80%。
21、如权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括向多孔金属植入物的至少一个表面涂覆试剂,所述试剂选自由可吸收性陶瓷、可吸收性聚合物、抗生素、脱矿骨基质、血液制品、血小板浓缩液、同种异体移植物、异种移植物、自体和同种异体分化细胞或干细胞、肽、营养剂、维生素、生长因子和其混合物所组成的组中。
22、一种用于提供多孔金属植入物的可模制混合物,包括:
a.生物相容性金属粉末;
b.造孔剂;和
c.非极性液体粘合剂,其中所述造孔剂基本不溶于所述非极性液体粘合剂。
23、如权利要求22所述的可模制混合物,其中所述生物相容性金属粉末包括Ti-6Al-4V。
24、如权利要求22所述的可模制混合物,其中所述造孔剂包括碳酸氢铵。
25、如权利要求22所述的可模制混合物,其中所述非极性液体粘合剂为d-柠檬烯。
26、如权利要求22所述的可模制混合物,其中所述造孔剂的升华温度与所述非极性液体粘合剂的升华温度间的差别小于约200℃。
27、如权利要求22所述的可模制混合物进一步包含固定元件。
28、一种固定如权利要求27所述的可模制混合物的方法,包括如下步骤:
a.将所述固定元件放置在至少部分混合物的周围;
b.将所述混合物在固定元件内模制为成型物;
c.通过升华从成型物中除去所述造孔剂和所述非极性液体粘合剂;
d.除去所述固定元件;和
e.烧结成型物。
29、如权利要求28所述的方法,其中所述固定元件由柔性材料制成。
30、如权利要求29所述的方法,其中所述柔性材料选自金属箔、橡胶和硅酮聚合物。
31、如权利要求30所述的方法,其中所述柔性材料是金属箔。
32、如权利要求28所述的方法,其中所述固定元件围绕至少部分所述混合物被真空密封。
33、如权利要求28所述的方法,其中所述固定元件可增强成型物的粘结性以保持至少三天。
34、一种制备多孔金属植入物的方法,包括如下步骤:
a.制备混合物,所述混合物包含:
i.生物相容性金属粉末;
ii.造孔剂;和
iii.非极性液体粘合剂的混合物,其中所述造孔剂基本不溶于所述非极性液体粘合剂;
b.将混合物成形;和
c.在单个加热单元中对混合物进行热循环处理,以除去所述造孔剂和所述非极性液体粘合剂,并烧结金属粉末以在金属植入物内形成大量的孔隙。
35、如权利要求34所述的方法,进一步包括将所述混合物继续保持在加热单元中直至金属粉末结合形成金属植入物。
36、如权利要求34所述的方法,其中所述热循环包括至少一个烧结步骤和至少一个淬火步骤。
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US7635447B2 (en) 2009-12-22
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US20100003155A1 (en) 2010-01-07
AU2007217978B2 (en) 2013-01-10
CN101405039B (zh) 2013-10-16
AU2007217978A1 (en) 2007-08-30
US8814978B2 (en) 2014-08-26
US20110123382A1 (en) 2011-05-26
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