CN101472111A - 一种双转换调谐器及减小MoCA信号干扰的方法 - Google Patents

一种双转换调谐器及减小MoCA信号干扰的方法 Download PDF

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CN101472111A
CN101472111A CNA2008101886758A CN200810188675A CN101472111A CN 101472111 A CN101472111 A CN 101472111A CN A2008101886758 A CNA2008101886758 A CN A2008101886758A CN 200810188675 A CN200810188675 A CN 200810188675A CN 101472111 A CN101472111 A CN 101472111A
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moca
channel
tuner
frequency
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唐纳德·G·麦克马林
拉蒙·A·戈麦斯
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Zyray Wireless Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04HBROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H40/00Arrangements specially adapted for receiving broadcast information
    • H04H40/18Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for receiving
    • H04H40/27Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for receiving specially adapted for broadcast systems covered by groups H04H20/53 - H04H20/95
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06Receivers
    • H04B1/10Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B15/00Suppression or limitation of noise or interference
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/02Details
    • H04B3/32Reducing cross-talk, e.g. by compensating
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00Television systems
    • H04N7/10Adaptations for transmission by electrical cable
    • H04N7/102Circuits therefor, e.g. noise reducers, equalisers, amplifiers
    • H04N7/104Switchers or splitters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B2215/00Reducing interference at the transmission system level
    • H04B2215/064Reduction of clock or synthesizer reference frequency harmonics
    • H04B2215/068Reduction of clock or synthesizer reference frequency harmonics by avoiding a reception frequency range
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04HBROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/65Arrangements characterised by transmission systems for broadcast
    • H04H20/76Wired systems
    • H04H20/77Wired systems using carrier waves
    • H04H20/78CATV [Community Antenna Television] systems

Abstract

本发明公开了一种减小有线电视双转换调谐器中MoCA信号干扰的系统和方法。所述方法包括接收运行有MoCA信号的信道的信道指示。当运行有MoCA信号的信道位于与调谐器中频相同的频带内,所述方法将调谐器的中频偏移出运行有MoCA信号的信道所占据的频带。

Description

一种双转换调谐器及减小MoCA信号干扰的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及信息网络,更具体地说,涉及利用通信线路例如同轴电缆(英文简写为“coax”)进行信息例如多媒体信息的传输而形成通信网络。
背景技术
众所周知,家庭网络中通常使用的都是同轴电缆。同轴电缆多媒体联盟(MoCATM),网址为mocalliance.org,为利用现有同轴电缆向家庭用户提供数字视频及娱乐网络提供了合适的标准(MoCA 1.0),该标准已经向开放的会员群体发布。MoCA 1.0标准在此全文引用。
基于同轴电缆的家庭网络利用了室内同轴电缆中未使用的大部分可用带宽。美国超过70%的家庭已经将同轴电缆接入到房屋设施中。许多家庭的同轴电缆设置在屋内主要的一个或多个休闲场所内,例如,活动室、多媒体室以及主卧中,这些对于网络部署来说都是非常理想的。这种家庭网络技术使得居住者能够将这些设施作为网络系统来使用,并且传送其他高QoS(服务质量)的娱乐或信息节目。
基于同轴电缆的家庭网络技术能够提供高速(270mbps)、高QoS,并且通过被屏蔽的有线连接结合最好的分组级加密提供了固有的安全性。同轴电缆是用于传输高带宽视频的。如今,同轴电缆已被常规用于传送高收益视频节目。此外,基于同轴电缆的家庭网络还可用作扩展整个家庭内无线网络的覆盖范围的多个无线接入点的骨干网络。
基于同轴电缆的家庭网络能够通过现有的同轴电缆为设置在屋内各处的视频设备提供持久的、高吞吐量以及高质量的网络连接。基于同轴电缆的家庭网络为数字娱乐提供了主要的连接选择,并且可以与其他有线或者无线网络一起使用从而实现家庭娱乐体验的扩展。
现如今,基于同轴电缆的家庭网络的接入技术采用ADSL以及VDSL或者光纤接入(FTTH),这些技术都是通过双绞线或者光纤接入到室内的,并且工作频道对于ADSL是几百KHz到8.5MHz,对于VDSL是12MHz。由于服务是通过xDSL或者FTTH接入到室内的,这些服务可通过基于同轴电缆的家庭网络以及室内同轴电缆路由给视频设备。此外,有线电视网络运营商还可通过同轴电缆为位于屋内不同区域的设备通过各自的同轴电缆提供诸如视频、语音以及因特网接入等的电缆功能服务。通常,基于同轴电缆的家庭网络功能性服务是与不同频率上的电缆服务并行进行的。
室内的同轴电缆设施通常包括同轴电缆和分离器。分离器一般包括一个输入端和两个或两个以上的输出端,用于将输入信号前向传送到输出端,或者将输出信号逆向传送到输入端,并且将分离器输出信号进行隔离以防止信号从房间/出口到房间/出口的流动。上述隔离的好处在于:a)减少来自其他设备的干扰,b)将由入口点(POE)到出口的功率传递最大化以便接收到最好的电视信号。
与目前传送在同轴电缆上的有线电视(Cable TV)或者卫星DBS(DishBroadcasting System,碟形广播系统)信号相比,MoCA信号更加强。0dbm以上的MoCA信号电平都是可能的,而传统的CATV信号却只能处于-50dbm的水平。此外,MoCA信号的高强度足以弥补从一个网络节点到另一网络节点之间可能会发生的损耗。
在典型的MoCA应用中,CATV接收器具有用于将不想要的MoCA能量移除的预滤波器。类似地,MoCA收发器也具有用于将CATV能量进行移除的预滤波器。这些预滤波器需要复杂的高阶滤波器才能通过窄过渡带提供足够的衰减。为了充分利用同轴电缆频谱,MoCA以及CATV信号之间的频率间隔通常不会很大。
如果利用一个双转换调谐器接收与MoCA网络共存的CATV信号,那么其中一个可能的干扰效果来自MoCA信号经过预滤波器以及CATV调谐器的第一混合阶直接进入到CATV调谐器的第一中频(IF)阶过程中产生的MoCA信号泄漏。如果该泄漏没有得到足够控制,那么CATV中频信号的信噪比将会下降。当信噪比下降到一定程度之后,将无法接收到正常的CATV信号。
对于在中频频率上受到干扰的任何RF系统来说都会发生同样的问题。
因此,需要利用高强度的带外干扰信号,例如来自MoCA家庭网络的信号,来减小CATV调谐器性能降低造成的影响。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种利用高强度的带外干扰信号例如来自MoCA家庭网络的信号来减小CATV调谐器性能降低造成的影响的方法和/或系统,结合至少一幅附图进行了充分的展现和描述,并在权利要求中得到了更完整的阐述。
根据本发明一个方面,本发明提供了一种减小来自有线电视双转换调谐器内的MoCA信号的干扰的方法,所述方法包括:
接收运行有MoCA信号的信道的信道指示;
将调谐器的中频偏移出运行有MoCA信号的信道所占据的频带。
优选地,所述方法进一步包括:接收表明MoCA信号运行的信道频率介于1178MHz到1222MHz之间的指示。
优选地,所述方法进一步包括:接收表明MoCA信号运行的信道频率介于1228MHz到1272MHz之间的指示。
优选地,对中频滤波器的操作频带的偏移包括:调节调谐器内振荡器的操作以对所述中频滤波器的操作频带进行偏移。
优选地,所述方法进一步包括:利用通用主处理器对MoCA收发器以及调谐器的中频滤波器的操作进行协调。
根据本发明的另一方面,本发明提供一种机器可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机指令用以运行有线电视双转换调谐器,所述指令包括:
用于接收运行有MoCA信号的信道的信道指示的第一指令;以及
当中频操作频带与运行有MoCA信号的信道发生冲突时将所述调谐器的中频滤波器的操作频带偏移出运行有MoCA信号的信道所占据的频带的第二指令。
优选地,所述第一指令包括接收表明MoCA信号运行的信道频率介于1178MHz到1222MHz之间的指示。
优选地,所述第一指令包括接收表明MoCA信号运行的信道频率介于1228MHz到1272MHz之间的指示。
优选地,所述介质进一步包括:当中频滤波器的操作频率与运行有MoCA信号的信道发生冲突时调节所述调谐器内振荡器的操作以对中频滤波器的操作频带进行偏移的第三指令。
优选地,所述介质进一步包括:利用通用主处理器对MoCA收发器以及调谐器的中频滤波器的操作进行协调的第三指令。
根据本发明的另一个方面,本发明提供一种双转换调谐器,所述双转换调谐器包括微处理器以用于:
存储运行有室内MoCA信号的信道的信道指示;
判断调谐器的中频是否位于运行有MoCA信号的信道所占据的频带内;
如果调谐器的中频位于运行有MoCA信号的信道所占据的频带内,将调谐器的中频偏移到运行有MoCA信号的信道所在频带外。
根据本发明的另一方面,本发明提供了一种电路,包括:
用于接收射频信号以及提供输出信号的低噪放大器;
用于对所述输出信号进行滤波以将至少位于1210MHz到1230MHz之间的频带内的MoCA干扰消除从而提供经滤波信号的滤波器;
用于从所述滤波器处接收经滤波的信号的双转换有线电视调谐器。
优选地,所述低噪放大器与所述调谐器分别集成在两个独立的集成电路内。
优选地,所述滤波器为低通滤波器。
优选地,所述滤波器为带阻滤波器。
优选地,所述滤波器为带通滤波器。
根据本发明的进一步方面,本发明提供了一种电路,包括:
用于接收射频信号以及提供输出信号的低噪放大器;
用于对所述输出信号进行滤波以将至少位于1178MHz到1272MHz之间内频带内的MoCA干扰消除从而提供经滤波的信号的滤波器;
用于从所述滤波器处接收所述经滤波的信号的双转换有线电视调谐器。
优选地,所述低噪放大器与所述调谐器分别集成在两个独立的集成电路内。
优选地,所述滤波器为将频率低于1272MHz的信号衰减掉的低通滤波器。
优选地,所述滤波器为带阻滤波器。
本发明的各种优点、各个方面和创新特征,以及其中所示例的实施例的细节,将在以下的描述和附图中进行详细介绍。
附图说明
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明,附图中:
图1是CMOS双转换CATV调谐器的示意图;
图2是MoCA频带分配的示意图;
图3是根据本发明的两个相邻的MoCA频带D2和D3以及两个可能的中频频带的示意图;
图4是根据本发明的CMOS双转换CATV调谐器的示意图;
图5是根据本发明的数据处理系统内的示例单芯片模块或多芯片模块的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明,下述实施例表明了本发明的具体实施方式。需要注意的是,在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下,还可做出很多变化形式,这些均属于本发明的保护范围。
本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下可以将本发明所述各发面以方法、数据处理系统或计算机程序产品进行具体应用。因此,本发明可应用于硬件、软件、固件或其各种组合。此外,本发明还可以嵌入到计算机程可读存储介质上,所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机可读程序代码或指令,当其安装到计算机系统中时,通过运行,可以实现本发明的方法。还可利用任何合适的可读存储介质,包括:硬盘、光驱、光存储介质、磁存储介质和/或上述组合。
此外,代表数据和事件的各种信号可以电磁波的形式在源端与终端之间通过信号传输媒介进行传输,例如,金属线、光纤、和/或无线传输媒介(例如空气和/或空间)。
家庭MoCA网络通常运行在一个或多个信道内,并且通过标准文件进行了定义。
现有的MoCA网络通常每一户只使用一个信道。MoCA网络所使用的这一单信道频带可能会与由大多数双转换CATV调谐器使用的第一中频频带(接近1220MHz)相冲突。可能发生冲突的信道——即落入CATV调谐器的中频通带内的信道——在MoCA规范中指定为D2和D3。D2信道在1178MHz到1222MHz的范围内具有很强的功率。D3信道在1228MHz到1272MHZ的范围内具有很强的功率。需要注意的是,此处所述的上述数值仅仅是示意性的而非构成对本发明MoCA信道的任何限制。本发明所述的系统和方法还可采用1220MHz之外的其他合适调谐器频率,以及D2和D3之外的其他合适信道。
在本发明的一个实施例中,双转换CATV调谐器支持灵活的第一中频频率。这可以通过需要时改变本地振荡器的频率(该频率与调谐器中频相关)来实现。
在本发明的具体实施例中,可以指示CATV调谐器改变其第一中频频率以避开正在使用的MoCA信道。MoCA收发器以及CATV调谐器之间的协调运作可以通过使用通用主处理器来实现。
因此,MoCA干扰可避免与经频率转换的CATV第一中频信号重叠,并且如果存在有SNR衰减,亦是可忽略的。
另一种防止MoCA与CATV调谐器之间干扰的方法如下。若CATV调谐器与外接低噪放大器(LNA)或者主动分离器一起使用的情况下,可以在LNA或者分离器后面、调谐器前面插入一个额外的滤波器。相对于将额外的滤波器设置在LNA之前来说,此种方法能够获得额外的滤波,而系统噪声值的增加量很小。这种额外的滤波操作并不能保护LNA免受干扰,但可以保护CATV调谐器的第一混频器并且将减少漏入CATV调谐器第一中频阶内的干扰。
本发明提供了两种不同的利用高强度带外干扰信号例如来自MoCA家庭网络的信号避免调谐器性能降低的方法(两种方法可在具体实施例中串联使用)。
图1是由美国加利福尼亚州的博通公司生产的BCM 3418调谐器103的示意图。调谐器103是一种典型的CMOS双转换CATV调谐器。图1中还示出了BCM 3405A2低噪放大器101。放大器101并未与调谐器103集成于同一芯片上,但二者确可集成于同一芯片上。正常的RF输入信号范围在50到1000MHz内。RC电路120以及其他合适的电路可以与放大器101联合使用。
混频器106将接收自低噪放大器101的信号频率进行上转换,并且利用可变频率的本地振荡信号(信号频率介于1266MHz到2216MHz之间)将1216MHz的频率加到RF输入信号上,以使得第一中频信号范围大约为1220MHz。混频器106接收输入信号,并且将输入信号与接收自振荡器(图中未示出)的信号进行混频,然后将两信号相乘之后进行输出。混频器106的理想输出信号是本地振荡器信号与RF信号的差频混合积(difference frequencymixing product)。此后,带通滤波器将信号过滤到1220+/-10MHz的范围。放大器110、以及下转换混频器112和缓冲器114共同处理该信号以将信号集中到44MHz附近。此后,带通滤波器116将频率缩减到44MHz中心频率左右的+/-3MHz。随后,信号在放大器118内经过放大后从调谐器中发射出去。
MoCA信号频带可以是800-1600MHz内的任意频带。此频带可进一步划分为多个子频带。MoCA收发器中F连接器(标准同轴电缆连接器,广泛用于多媒体产品传输)的最大传输功率为+8dbm,虽然0dbm是更具典型的。信号带宽大约为44MHz。相邻子带的中心通常间隔50MHz。因此,在子带之间存在有用于防止干扰的6MHz的保护频带。一般,在家庭设施中,仅仅使用了一个或很少的频带。MoCA实现通常不会使用一个家庭内的两个相邻频带,以避免潜在干扰。
图2示出了MoCA频带分配。图2中示出了基带206、一般延伸至54MHz的上游RF信号范围、从54MHz延伸至800MHz的下游RF信号范围、从54MHz到550MHz的模拟信号域、从550MHz到880MHz的数字信号域,以及可用于MoCA信道分配的不同频带A1、B1、C1、C2、C3、C4以及D1-D8(A1-C4用于未来数字电视)。频带210通常留出用作从街道进入到室内的信号。频带212常用留出用于室内信号,这些信号都是MoCA可用的信号。
6MHz带宽内(一个美国电视频道)的最大MoCA信号功率为8dBm—10log(50/6)=-1dBm。该功率将被MoCA三工器(triplexer)进一步降低,该三工器在此频率上一般具有40dB的抑制效应。在BCM3418调谐器第一IF频带内的MoCA信号的相对增益,与理想RF信号相比,为-35dB。因此,MoCA总干扰为-76dBm/6MHz。此外,需要额外的25dB抑制效应才能保证MoCA信号不会明显的降低QAM(正交幅度调制)SNR(信噪比)。
当前的MoCA实现不会在同一家使用两个相邻频带,以避免潜在干扰的问题。图3所示实施例为CATV信号中的MoCA频率干扰提供了可能的解决方案。
图3比图2更详细的示出了两个相邻MoCA频带D2和D3以及两个可能的中频频带。信道D2和D3位于MoCA频率范围内,并且有可能与CATV调谐器发生冲突。图3中包括MoCA带302和304(本申请中又称为D2及D3)。频带302功率范围为1178MHz到1222MHz,优选中心频率为1200MHz,宽度为44MHz,并且左右移动范围为22MHz。频带304功率范围为1228MHz到1272MHz,优选中心频率为1250MHz,宽度为44MHz,并且左右移动范围为22MHz。因此,在两信道之间存在6MHz的保护频带。
图3进一步示出了本发明用于降低MoCA信号以及调谐器中频信号之间干扰的解决方法。该解决方法包括将BCM3418中频偏移到未使用的MoCA频带内。这可以通过将第一中频中心频率偏移到1225MHz(在MoCA频带之间)并且修改BCM3418调谐器的代码来实现。调谐器代码需要进行初始化以获知室内或调谐器所在的其它设施内正被使用的是哪一个MoCA频带。
至少部分由于调谐器中心频率为1225MHz,因此,当室内使用MoCA频带304时,可以采用调谐器频率306(该频率可以移动到中心稍小于1225MHz)。调谐器频率308为室内使用MoCA频段302时可采用的频带。
因此,调谐器频率是“灵活的”,也即是说,调谐器频率可以根据室内具体使用的MoCA频带进行调节,并且在实际使用中不会与MoCA频带发生干扰。此外,由于主机顶盒芯片同时控制CATV RF调谐器的信道选择与MoCA信道频带的选择,因此这一共同控制点能够判断何时会出现干扰情况,并且在需要时偏移调谐器的第一中频。如上所述,在本发明的一个实施例中,对调谐器的频率偏移可以通过改变第二本地振荡器频率来实现。该振荡器用于发送信号给混频器106。将此方法用于其它MoCA频带以及其它CATV调谐器中频之外的其它信号并不脱离本发明的保护范围。
在本发明的其它实施例中,可以在低噪放大器101和调谐器103之间增加低通或带阻滤波器。由于3405放大器101内存在15dB的增益,因此此种滤波器的通带损失没有前端滤波器那么重要。因此,可以在调谐器103芯片外(由于放大器101和调谐器103不必集成在一个芯片上)增加一个额外的滤波器,可用于衰减MoCA信号。
图4是本发明CMOS双转换CATV调谐器的示意图。图4中所示电路的所有组件与图1中所示传统调谐器相同(因此此处省略了相同组件的描述),不同的是,增加了额外的滤波器401,该滤波器401既可与LNA 402集成在同一芯片上,也可与调谐器403集成在同一芯片上。此外,该额外的滤波器401还可以独立于上述两电路并设置在二者之间。
图5示出了根据本发明的单芯片或多芯片模块502,其可以是数据处理系统500内的一个或多个集成电路。数据处理系统500包括一个或多个以下组件:I/O电路504、外围设备506、处理器508以及存储器510。这些组件通过系统总线或其它互连组件512相互连接,并且设置在终端用户系统530内的电路板520上。系统500可根据本发明配置用于有线电视调谐器。需要注意的是,系统500仅仅是示意性的,本发明的实质保护范围在的权利要求书中有完整阐述。
因此,本发明以上公开了用于提供MoCA兼容性策略的系统和方法,能够实现MoCA信号与CATV信号的同时使用。
虽然本发明是通过几个具体实施例进行说明的,本领域技术人员应当明白,在不脱离本发明范围的情况下,还可以对本发明进行各种变换及等同替代。另外,针对特定情形或具体情况,可以对本发明做各种修改,而不脱离本发明的范围。因此,本发明不局限于所公开的具体实施例,而应当包括落入本发明权利要求范围内的全部实施方式。

Claims (10)

1、一种减小来自有线电视双转换调谐器内的MoCA信号的干扰的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
接收运行有MoCA信号的信道的信道指示;
将调谐器的中频偏移出运行有MoCA信号的信道所占据的频带。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法进一步包括:接收表明MoCA信号运行的信道频率介于1178MHz到1222MHz之间的指示。
3、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法进一步包括:接收表明MoCA信号运行的信道频率介于1228MHz到1272MHz之间的指示。
4、一种机器可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机指令用以运行有线电视双转换调谐器,其特征在于,所述指令包括:
用于接收运行有MoCA信号的信道的信道指示的第一指令;以及
当中频操作频带与运行有MoCA信号的信道发生冲突时将所述调谐器的中频滤波器的操作频带偏移出运行有MoCA信号的信道所占据的频带的第二指令。
5、一种双转换调谐器,其特征在于,所述双转换调谐器包括微处理器以用于:
存储运行有室内MoCA信号的信道的信道指示;
判断调谐器的中频是否位于运行有MoCA信号的信道所占据的频带内;
如果调谐器的中频位于运行有MoCA信号的信道所占据的频带内,将调谐器的中频偏移到运行有MoCA信号的信道所在频带外。
6、一种电路,其特征在于,所述电路包括:
用于接收射频信号以及提供输出信号的低噪放大器;
用于对所述输出信号进行滤波以将至少位于1210MHz到1230MHz之间的频带内的MoCA干扰消除从而提供经滤波信号的滤波器;
用于从所述滤波器处接收经滤波的信号的双转换有线电视调谐器。
7、根据权利要求6所述的电路,其特征在于,所述低噪放大器与所述调谐器分别集成在两个独立的集成电路内。
8、根据权利要求6所述的电路,其特征在于,所述滤波器为低通滤波器。
9、根据权利要求6所述的电路,其特征在于,所述滤波器为带通滤波器。
10、一种电路,其特征在于,所述电路包括:
用于接收射频信号以及提供输出信号的低噪放大器;
用于对所述输出信号进行滤波以将至少位于1178MHz到1272MHz之间内频带内的MoCA干扰消除从而提供经滤波的信号的滤波器;
用于从所述滤波器处接收所述经滤波的信号的双转换有线电视调谐器。
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