CN101473568A - 用于光纤无线电通信光缆的转发器 - Google Patents

用于光纤无线电通信光缆的转发器 Download PDF

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CN101473568A
CN101473568A CNA2007800224532A CN200780022453A CN101473568A CN 101473568 A CN101473568 A CN 101473568A CN A2007800224532 A CNA2007800224532 A CN A2007800224532A CN 200780022453 A CN200780022453 A CN 200780022453A CN 101473568 A CN101473568 A CN 101473568A
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transponder
optical cable
signal
dipole antenna
transducer
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M·索尔
A·科比亚科夫
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Corning Research and Development Corp
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Corning Optical Communications LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2575—Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
    • H04B10/25752—Optical arrangements for wireless networks
    • H04B10/25753—Distribution optical network, e.g. between a base station and a plurality of remote units
    • H04B10/25756—Bus network topology
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H01Q9/285—Planar dipole
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/04—Arrangements for maintaining operational condition

Abstract

本发明公开了用于光纤无线电通信(RoF)光缆的转发器。该转发器包括由电光(E/O)转换器和光电(O/E)转换器组成的转换器单元。所述光缆将转换器单元光连接到发送和接收光RF信号的前端单元。偶极子天线系统连接到所述转换器单元并被布置成在转发器与前端单元通信时在垂直于光缆的方向产生细长微微蜂窝小区。非对称微微蜂窝小区形状使能使用比现有技术转发器更少的光缆产生微微蜂窝覆盖区。

Description

用于光纤无线电通信光缆的转发器
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及光纤无线电通信(RoF)系统，尤其涉及用于RoF系统中使用的RoF光缆的转发器。
背景技术
无线通信快速增长，对高速移动数据通信的需求也日益增加。作为例子，所谓的“无线保真度”或“WiFi”系统和无线局域网(WLAN)均部署在许多不同类型的区域(咖啡店、机场、图书馆等)。典型的无线通信系统具有经线缆连接到接入点设备的前端站。接入点设备包括连接到天线的RF发射器/接收器，及包括数字信息处理电子电路。接入点设备与称为“客户机”的无线设备通信，所述客户机必须位于无线范围或“小区覆盖区域”内以与接入点设备通信。
给定小区的大小由接入点设备传输的RF功率量、接收器灵敏度、天线增益及RF环境确定，及由无线客户设备的RF发射器/接收器灵敏度确定。客户设备通常具有固定的RF接收灵敏度，从而接入点设备的上述特性主要确定小区大小。将连接到前端控制器的多个接入点设备结合可产生小区阵列，其覆盖称为“微微蜂窝覆盖区”的区域。
部署无线通信系统的一种方法包括创建“微微蜂窝小区”，其是具有几米最多约20米半径范围的无线小区。由于微微蜂窝小区覆盖小的区域，通常每个微微蜂窝小区只有几个用户(客户机)。密集的微微蜂窝小区阵列在微微蜂窝覆盖区提供高的每用户数据吞吐量。当由传统基站产生的较大小区覆盖时，微微蜂窝小区使能在小的区域进行选择性无线覆盖，要不然这些小的区域将具有较差的信号强度。
用于创建微微蜂窝小区的一种类型的无线系统使用在光纤上发送的射频(RF)信号，称为“光纤无线电通信”或缩写为“RoF”。这样的系统包括经光纤链路光连接到转发器的前端单元。与传统接入点设备不同，转发器没有数字信息处理能力。而是，所述数字处理能力位于前端单元中。转发器对RF信号透明，及将来自光纤链路的输入光信号简单地转换为电信号，之后，这些电信号经天线转换为电磁信号。所述天线还接收电磁信号并将它们转换为电信号。之后，转发器将电信号转换为光信号，这些光信号经光纤链路发送给前端单元。
转发器通常包括在光缆中，该光缆包括用于每一转发器的光纤链路。与分布式转发器相关联的微微蜂窝小区形成微微蜂窝覆盖区。为减少微微蜂窝小区串扰，可使用高定向性转发器天线。然而，它们的使用要求在制造和安装阶段进行另外的努力，因为必须对每一天线进行适当的调节和定向。每转发器安装多个定向天线(例如，以支持不同频带的数据和话音服务)进一步使安装复杂并强加天线与转发器集成的棘手要求。此外，微微蜂窝小区的大小和定向要求直接调节天线，这在天线被结合在光缆中的情况非常困难。
发明内容
本发明一方面为用于光纤无线电通信(RoF)光缆的转发器。该转发器包括电光(E/O)转换器和光电(O/E)转换器。所述系统还包括连接到所述E/O转换器和O/E转换器的偶极子天线系统。该天线系统相对于光缆布置以在转发器被访问时在局部垂直于光缆的方向产生细长微微蜂窝小区。
本发明的另一方面为RoF微微蜂窝无线系统。该系统包括适于发送和接收光RF信号的前端单元。该系统还包括一个或多个前面所述类型的转发器。该系统还包括一根或多根光缆，所述光缆包括所述一个或多个转发器并将前端单元光连接到每一转发器。
本发明的另一方面为形成用于ROF系统的细长微微蜂窝小区的方法。该方法包括将光RF信号经光缆中的下行链路光纤传给转发器，及在所述转发器处将光信号转换为电RF信号。所述方法还包括在使用偶极子天线系统的转发器处将所述电信号转换为电磁RF信号以在局部垂直于光缆的方向产生细长微微蜂窝小区。
本发明的另外的特征和优点将在下面的详细描述中提出，且本领域技术人员从该描述可明显看出或通过按在此所述的(包括下面的详细描述、权利要求及附图)实施本发明而意识到。
应当理解，前面的概括描述和下面的详细描述均呈现本发明的实施方式，且意于提供用于理解本发明的实质和特征的概览或框架。包括附图以提供对本发明的进一步理解，且其构成本说明书的一部分。附图示出了本发明的多个实施例，连同在此进行的描述一起用于阐释本发明的原理和运行。
因此，为易于说明和图示，多个基本电子电路元件和信号调节部件如偏置T形器、RF滤波器、放大器、功率分配器等均未在图中示出。所述基本电子电路元件及部件应用于本发明的系统对本领域技术人员显而易见。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明的RoF微微蜂窝无线系统的一般实施例的示意图。
图2为图1的RoF系统的实施例的示意性特写图，其示出了用于布置在光缆中的本发明转发器的转换器单元和偶极子天线系统的实施例。
图3为用于本发明转发器的转换器单元和偶极子天线系统的构造的实施例的特写示意图，其中偶极子天线系统包括发射和接收天线。
图4为与图3所示类似的本发明转发器的实施例的示意图，但其中偶极子天线系统包括发射和接收电磁信号的单一天线。
图5为转换器单元中的E/O转换器的实施例的特写示意图，其包括多个放大器，每一放大器适于放大由光检测器产生的电RF信号中的不同频率。
图6为本发明转发器的实施例的示意图，其中偶极子天线系统包括功率分配器和三个分开的天线。
图7为与图6所示类似的本发明转发器的实施例的示意图，其中天线系统包括多个功率分配器，每一功率分配器电连接到天线。
图8为与图7所示类似的根据本发明的转发器的实施例的示意图，其中天线系统的一部分位于光缆涂层的外面。
图9为与图8所示类似的本发明转发器的实施例的示意图，其中转换器单元和偶极子天线系统均位于光缆涂层的外面。
图10为本发明转发器的实施例的示意图，其中天线系统包括两对线天线，每一天线经相应的RF电缆段连接到转换器单元。
图11为图1的RoF微微蜂窝无线系统的实施例的示意图，其示出了前端单元的实施例的细节。
图12为由采用传统全向转发器的传统现有技术微微蜂窝无线系统形成的典型现有技术微微蜂窝覆盖区的示意图。
图13为由使用本发明转发器的本发明RoF微微蜂窝无线系统形成的示例微微蜂窝覆盖区的示意图；及
图14为由本发明转发器的偶极子天线系统发射的RF功率(
Figure A200780022453D0008110540QIETU
)对沿X(即垂直于光缆)方向和Y(即沿光缆)方向距离天线系统的距离(M)的曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面详细参考本发明目前的优选实施方式，其例子在附图中图示。只要可能，相同或类似附图标记在所有附图中均用于指相同或相似部分。
具有转发器的一般微微蜂窝无线系统
图1为根据本发明的RoF微微蜂窝无线系统10的一般实施例的示意图。系统10包括适于发射、接收和/或处理RF光信号的前端单元20。在实施例中，前端单元20经网络链路25连接到外面的网络24，及所述前端单元用作与外面的网络之间的RF信号通道。
系统10还包括一个或多个根据本发明的转发器单元(“转发器”)30。每一转发器30包括转换器单元31和与其电连接的偶极子天线系统32，其中所述偶极子天线系统具有与理想偶极子天线一样或充分类似的偶极子辐射特征。转发器30将在下面详细描述。
系统10包括一根或多根光缆34，每一光缆光连接到前端单元20。每一光缆34包括光连接到相应的一个或多个转发器30的一个或多个光纤RF通信链路36。在实施例中，每一光纤RF通信链路36包括下行链路光纤36D及上行链路光纤36U。系统10的实施例包括单模光纤或多模光纤用于下行链路和上行链路光纤36D和36U。光纤的特别类型取决于系统10的应用及所希望的性能和成本考虑。对于许多建筑内部署应用，最大传输距离通常不超过300米。当考虑使用多模光纤用于下行链路和上行链路光纤36D和36U时，需要考虑预定RoF传输的最大长度。例如，已表明1400MHz.км多模光纤带宽距离产品足以进行长达300米的5.2GHz传输。在实施例中，本发明采用50μM多模光纤用于下行链路和上行链路光纤36D和36U，及采用在850NM工作的E/O转换器(下面介绍)，其使用可通过商业途径获得的规定用于10数据传输的垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSEL)。
在实施例中，本发明的RoF微微蜂窝无线系统10采用已知电信波长，如850nm、1300nm或1550nm。在另一实施例中，系统10采用其它不太常用但适当的波长如980nm。
为参考目的，图1还在每一偶极子天线系统32处示出了局部x-y-z笛卡尔坐标系统C，其中x方向是进入附图所在纸的方向且局部垂直于光缆34。在实施例中，偶极子天线系统32足够硬，使得光缆34在偶极子天线系统位置处局部是直的。在实施例中，偶极子天线系统32相对远离转换器单元31(如2米)，而在其它实施例中，偶极子天线系统相对靠近所述转换器单元(如几英寸远)甚至直接位于所述转换器单元处。
当转发器被访问时，每一转发器30适于经电磁发射和接收经偶极子天线系统32形成微微蜂窝小区40，例如从前端单元20接收下行链路光信号SD’和/或从客户设备46接收上行链路电磁信号SU”。客户设备46，其示为计算机形式，包括适于与转发器及其天线系统32电磁通信(即访问)的天线48(如无线卡)。
偶极子天线系统32适于从方向垂直于偶极子天线系统位置处的光缆34的偶极子辐射图42形成微微蜂窝小区40。术语“局部垂直于”在此用于描述微微蜂窝小区40和/或相应的偶极子辐射图42相对于偶极子天线系统32的位置处的光缆34的定向。偶极子辐射图42因而以局部x-z平面Pxz为中心(图1中视为有边缘并图示为虚线)。在实施例中，只有一部分偶极子辐射图42用于微微蜂窝小区40，例如光缆34下方的部分(即-z方向)，如图1中所示。
在实施例中，系统10由经电源线52电连接到前端单元20的电源50供电，所述电源线携载电功率信号54。
转发器组合在光缆中
图2为转发器30组合到光缆34中的实施例的示意特写图。在实施例中，光缆34包括外涂层58。如上所述，转发器30包括转换器单元31。转换器单元31包括适于将电信号转换为相应光信号的电光(E/O)转换器60及将光信号转换为相应电信号的光电(O/E)转换器62。E/O转换器60光连接到上行链路光纤36U的输入端70，O/E转换器62光连接到下行链路光纤36D的输出端72。
在实施例中，光缆34包括电源线52，转换器单元31包括电连接到电源线和E/O转换器60及O/E转换器62的DC功率变换器80。DC功率变换器80适于改变电压电平并提供转换器单元31中的耗电元件所需要的功率。在实施例中，DC功率变换器80是DC/DC功率变换器或AC/DC功率变换器，取决于电源线52携载的功率信号54的类型。在实施例中，电源线52包括连接到DC功率变换器80的两根电线52A和52B。
如上所述，偶极子天线系统32电连接到转换器单元31。在实施例中，偶极子天线系统32包括一个或多个天线元件(“天线”)33。在图2所示的实施例中，天线系统32包括经第一RF电缆段90电连接到E/O转换器60的接收天线33R及经第二RF电缆段90电连接到O/E转换器62的发射天线33T。在实施例中，所述一个或多个天线33由导线段制成或包括导线段。在本发明的实施例中，一个或多个RF电缆段90用于将相应的一个或多个天线33连接到转换器单元31。在实施例中，偶极子天线系统32支持多个频带。另外，分集原理可用于通过统计上独立的通道发送相同的信息。
转发器转换器单元示例
图3为用于本发明的转发器30的转换器单元31和偶极子天线系统32的实施例的详细示意图。在图3的实施例中，E/O转换器60包括光连接到上行链路光纤36U的输入端70的激光器100、电连接到所述激光器的偏压T形单元、电连接到所述偏压T形单元的放大器110、及电连接到所述放大器及相应RF电缆段90的RF滤波器114。同样，在实施例中，O/E转换器62包括光连接到下行链路光纤36D的输出端72的光检测器120、电连接到所述光检测器的放大器110、及电连接到所述放大器和相应的RF电缆段90的RF滤波器114。在实施例中，激光器100适于为一个或多个RoF应用传送足够的动态范围。用于E/O转换器60的适当激光器的例子包括激光二极管、分布式反馈(DFB)激光器、Fabry-Perot(FP)激光器和VCSEL。
在图3的转发器30的运行中，在下行链路光纤36D中传播的下行链路光信号SD’在输出端72离开该光纤并由光检测器120接收。光检测器120将光信号SD’转换为相应的电信号SD，之后，所述电信号由放大器110放大然后由RF滤波器114滤波。接着，电信号SD经相应的RF电缆段90馈给发射天线33T，其将电信号SD转换为相应的电磁信号SD”，之后，所述电磁信号传给相应微微蜂窝小区40内的一个或多个客户设备46(图1)。
类似地，接收天线33R从微微蜂窝小区40内的一个或多个客户设备46接收电磁上行链路信号SU”并将每一这样的信号转换为相应的电信号SU。该电信号在相应的RF电缆段90上传播并馈给RF滤波器114，其对所述电信号进行滤波并传给放大器110，放大器110放大滤波后的信号。之后，电信号SU传给偏压T形单元106，其调节电信号SU，即DC信号与电RF信号组合使其能使用DC电流源(未示出)将(半导体)激光器100驱动到高于阈值及在所提供DC电流确定的平均值附近独立调整功率。之后，调节后的电信号SU传给激光器100，其将该电信号转换为相应的光信号SU”以发送给前端单元20进行处理。
本发明的转发器30与同无线通信系统相关联的典型接入点设备不同，因为转发器的优选实施例只有几个信号调节元件及没有数字信息处理能力。而是，信息处理能力位于远处的前端单元20中。这使转发器30非常紧凑且实质上免维护。此外，转发器30的优选实施例耗用非常小的功率，对RF信号透明，及不需要局部电源，如下所述。此外，如果系统10需要进行改变(例如升级)，所述改变可在前端单元20处进行，而不必改变转发器30。
示例性转发器构造
在转发器30的实施例如图3中所示的转发器中，偶极子天线系统32包括一个或多个天线33，如接收天线33R和发射天线33T。在实施例中，天线33R和33T分别为局部平行于光缆34(即沿y轴)定向的导线或包括这样的导线。偶极子天线系统32沿光缆34的方向展开的能力使相对于其它类型的定向天线如贴片天线能容易地使偶极子天线系统集成在光缆内。在实施例中，偶极子天线系统32包括基于电路的偶极子天线，如可在因特网上从韩国Kyounggi-do 429-250的Winizen Co.，Ltd.获得。
图4为与图3所示类似的本发明转发器30的实施例的示意图，但其中偶极子天线系统32仅包括单一天线，其既发射又接收电磁信号。在图4的转发器30中，转换器单元31包括RF信号导控元件130，如循环器，其经第三RF电缆段90电连接到单一天线33。
图5为转换器单元31中的E/O转换器单元60的实施例的示意图，其中所述E/O转换器包括电连接到光检测器120的多个放大器100。每一放大器100适于放大电信号SD中的不同频率。这使能并行调节转发器30内的不同频带。多种其它多频应用和天线系统结构也可用于E/O转换器60及O/E转换器62。
偶极子天线系统构造示例
本发明的转发器30能够支持多种构造的偶极子天线系统32。图6为具有偶极子天线系统32的转发器30的实施例的示意图，其中偶极子天线系统包括经相应RF电缆段90电连接到功率分配器210的三个不同天线33。功率分配器210继而经相应的RF电缆段90电连接到转换器单元31。
图7为与图6中所示类似的、具有偶极子天线系统32的转发器30的实施例的示意图，但其包括沿RF电缆段90布置的多个功率分配器210，每一功率分配器均分叉出天线33。图7的转发器30实施例的优点在于，如果光缆部署在建筑物内及一个天线33被阻挡(如被空调管道)，另一天线仍然可发送和接收电磁信号。
图8为与图7所示类似的、具有偶极子天线系统32的转发器30的实施例的示意图，其中天线系统的一部分位于光缆涂层58的外面。在图8中，天线系统32的天线33被示为布置在光缆涂层58的外面。在实施例中，外部覆盖物220如皱缩包装材料施加到光缆涂层58上以固紧和保护位于光缆涂层外面的天线系统32部分。
图9为与图8所示类似的、具有偶极子天线系统32的转发器30的实施例的示意图，其中转换器单元31和偶极子天线系统32均在光缆涂层58的外面并可选地由外部覆盖物220覆盖。
图10为具有偶极子天线系统32的转发器30的实施例的示意图，所述偶极子天线系统包括两对(234、235)线天线33，每一天线经相应的RF电缆段90连接到转换器单元。例如，天线对234和235可设计成分别在5.2GHz和2.4GHz频带(即IEEE 802a/b/g标准频带)进行发射和接收。在该实施例中，RF电缆段90的明智使用减轻了衰落和屏蔽效应，这些效应可负面影响偶极子辐射图42因而影响微微蜂窝小区40的大小和形状。
具有转发器的RoF系统
图11为图1的系统的实施例的详细示意图，其示出了前端单元20的实施例的细节。在实施例中，前端单元20包括为特定无线服务或应用提供电RF信号SD的控制器250。在实施例中，控制器250包括用于调制/解调RF信号的RF信号调制/解调单元270、用于产生数字信号的数字信号处理器272、用于处理数据和执行逻辑及计算运算的中央处理单元(CPU)274、及用于保存数据的存储器单元276。在实施例中，控制器250适于按IEEE802.11标准中规定的提供WLAN信号分布，即在从2.4-2.5GHz到5.0-6.0GHz的频率范围中提供WLAN信号分布。在实施例中，控制器250用作仅在与外面的网络24之间或微微蜂窝小区40之间协调分布电RF服务信号SD和SU的通道单元。
前端单元20包括一个或多个转换器对66，每一转换器对具有E/O转换器60和O/E转换器62。每一转换器对66电连接到控制器250且也光连接到相应的一个或多个转发器30。转换器对66中的每一E/O转换器60光连接到下行链路光纤36D的输入端76，及每一O/E转换器62光连接到上行链路光纤36U的输出端74。
在图11的系统10的运行实施例中，控制器250中的数字信号处理器272产生下行链路数字RF信号S1。该信号由RF信号调制器/解调器270接收和调节以产生设计成与微微蜂窝小区40中的一个或多个客户设备46通信的下行链路电RF信号(“电信号”)SD。电信号SD由一个或多个E/O转换器60接收，其将该电信号转换为对应的光信号SD’，该信号进而接入相应下行链路光纤36D的输入端76。在此应注意，在实施例中，调整光信号SD’以具有给定的调制指数。此外，在实施例中，控制E/O转换器60的调制功率(例如通过一个或多个增益控制放大器，未示出)以改变偶极子天线系统32的发射功率，这是指示相关微微蜂窝小区40的大小的主要参数。在实施例中，改变提供给偶极子天线系统32的功率量以确定相关联微微蜂窝小区40的大小。
光信号SD’在下行链路光纤36D上传到输出端72，并按上面结合图2的系统10所述的进行处理以返回上行链路光信号SU”。例如，光信号SU”由前端单元20处的转换器对66中的O/E转换器62接收，该O/E转换器发送相应的下行链路光信号SD’。O/E转换器62将光信号SU’转换回电信号SU，之后该电信号被处理。在此，在实施例中，“处理”包括下述之一或多个：将信号信息保存在存储器单元276中；以数字方式处理或调节控制器250中的信号；无论已调节还是未调节，均将电信号SU经网络链路25发送到一个或多个客户设备46上；及将信号发送给同一或其它微微蜂窝小区40内的一个或多个客户设备46。在实施例中，信号SU的处理包括在RF信号调制器/解调器单元270中解调该电信号，之后在数字信号处理器272中处理解调后的信号。
图12为由形成对称微微蜂窝小区40P的传统微微蜂窝无线系统形成的典型现有技术微微蜂窝覆盖区44P的示意图。应注意，这样的微微蜂窝小区传统上表示为六边形，因为它们可被示为没有间隙的覆盖给定空间。微微蜂窝覆盖区44P需要七根光缆34P，所述光缆采用具有全向天线的传统转发器。传统光缆光连接到传统的前端站20P。图12中的虚线外框B表示微微蜂窝覆盖区44P的适当边界。
图13为基于本发明的RoF微微蜂窝无线系统10的微微蜂窝覆盖区44的示意图，其中所述RoF微微蜂窝无线系统包括根据本发明的转发器30。转发器30的数量因而形成微微蜂窝覆盖区44的微微蜂窝小区40的数量大约等于图12的现有技术系统10P。图13中提供的虚线外框B表明微微蜂窝覆盖区44的大小与图12的微微蜂窝覆盖区44P大致一样。然而，本发明的每一转发器30形成具有在相应偶极子天线系统32处垂直于光缆34的局部y向的长轴AP的细长微微蜂窝小区40。因此，本发明的转发器30利用将偶极子辐射图在每一偶极子天线系统32处定向为局部垂直于光缆而形成由细长微微蜂窝小区40组成的微微蜂窝覆盖区44。微微蜂窝小区40的细长形状使系统10能完全覆盖与区域44P一样的微微蜂窝覆盖区，但仅使用三根光缆34，相比于图12的传统微微蜂窝覆盖区44P需要的光缆减少50％以上。使用大约相同数量的转发器30使微微蜂窝小区40能以相同频率最大程度分开地运行。
微微蜂窝小区40为细长小区，因为偶极子天线32由于不同方向的不同功率衰变率而在局部x-y平面具有非对称(椭圆)功率分布。图14为由偶极子天线系统32发射的RF功率(dBm)对沿x方向(曲线300)和y方向(曲线302)距天线的距离(m)的曲线图。曲线302表明，沿光缆方向(y方向)，衰变很快，从而可沿光缆更密集地布置转发器30而不会增加微微蜂窝小区之间的串扰。
全向天线如垂直的偶极子天线通常具有与图14中的曲线300类似的相当微弱的RF功率衰变率。因此，由这样的天线形成的微微蜂窝小区40易遭受串扰。定向天线如微带贴片在x-y平面可具有非对称辐射图，其可产生非对称小区。然而，这些天线要求在空间上适当对准。本发明的偶极子天线系统32产生可预测的辐射图，而不用对各个天线进行任何定向调谐。这是因为，偶极子天线系统32以使微微蜂窝小区位置和定向通过定向光缆34而不是定向各个天线本身进行确定的方式组合在光缆34之中(或之上)。相对于使用其它更复杂的定向偶极子天线系统，这使光缆34更易于制造和部署。
很显然，在不背离本发明精神和范围的情况下，本领域技术人员可进行多种修改和变化。因此，如果对本发明的修改和变化在所附权利要求及其等效方案的范围内，则本发明覆盖这些修改和变化。

Claims (20)

1、用于光纤无线电通信RoF光缆的转发器，该转发器包括：
电光E/O转换器；
光电O/E转换器；及
连接到所述E/O转换器和O/E转换器的偶极子天线系统，该天线系统相对于光缆布置以在转发器被访问时在局部垂直于光缆的方向产生细长微微蜂窝小区。
2、根据权利要求1的转发器，其中所述偶极子天线包括由电连接到所述O/E转换器的第一导线形成的发射天线和由电连接到所述E/O转换器的第二导线形成的接收天线，其中第一和第二导线局部平行于光缆布置。
3、根据权利要求1的转发器，其中所述光缆具有外涂层，及其中转发器的至少一部分位于所述外涂层的外面。
4、根据权利要求1的转发器，其中所述偶极子天线系统包括一个或多个功率分配器及相应的电连接到相应功率分配器的一个或多个天线元件。
5、根据权利要求1的转发器，其中所述E/O转换器和所述O/E转换器构成转换器单元，及其中所述偶极子天线系统包括经相应的一个或多个射频RF电缆段电连接到所述转换器单元的一根或多根导线。
6、光纤无线电通信RoF微微蜂窝无线系统，该系统包括：
适于发送和接收光RF信号的前端单元；
一个或多个根据权利要求1的转发器；及
一根或多根光缆，该光缆包括所述一个或多个转发器并将前端单元光连接到每一转发器。
7、根据权利要求6的系统，其中对于每一转发器，每一光缆包括：
光连接到所述前端单元和转发器O/E转换器的下行链路光纤；及
光连接到所述前端单元和转发器E/O转换器的上行链路光纤。
8、根据权利要求7的系统，其中每一光缆包括适于向相应光缆中的每一转发器提供电能的电源线。
9、用于形成光纤无线电通信RoF系统的一部分即微微蜂窝小区的转发器，其中所述系统具有光连接到前端单元的光缆，所述转发器包括：
适于将电信号转换为光信号的转换器单元，反之亦然；及
相对于光缆布置以产生微微蜂窝小区的偶极子天线系统，所述微微蜂窝小区通过在所述偶极子天线系统位置处产生方向垂直于光缆的偶极子辐射场形成。
10、根据权利要求9的转发器，其中所述偶极子天线系统包括一个或多个天线元件，每一天线元件经相应的一个或多个射频RF电缆段电连接到所述转换器单元。
11、根据权利要求9的转发器，其中所述光缆包括外涂层，及其中所述转发器的至少一部分位于所述外涂层的外面。
12、根据权利要求11的转发器，其中部分或所有偶极子天线系统位于所述外涂层的外面。
13、光纤无线电通信RoF微微蜂窝无线系统，包括：
一个或多个根据权利要求9的转发器；
适于发送和接收光RF信号的前端单元；
一根或多根光缆，每一光缆具有至少一转发器及相应的一个或多个光纤RF通信链路，该通信链路将所述一个或多个转发器光连接到所述前端单元；及
其中所述一个或多个转发器形成微微蜂窝覆盖区，该微微蜂窝覆盖区由每一转发器形成的细长微微蜂窝小区组成。
14、根据权利要求13的系统，其中所述前端单元适于发送和发射具有不同频率的光RF信号，及所述偶极子天线系统适于发射和接收具有所述不同频率的电磁信号。
15、根据权利要求13的系统，还包括：
经电源线连接到所述前端单元的电源，所述电源线通过所述一根或多根光缆以向每一转发器提供电能。
16、根据权利要求13的系统，其中每一光缆具有外涂层，及所述一个或多个转发器中的部分或所有转发器的至少一部分位于所述外涂层的外面。
17、形成用于光纤无线电通信RoF系统的细长微微蜂窝小区的方法，其中所述系统包括光缆，所述方法包括：
将光RF信号经光缆中的光纤RF通信链路传给转发器；
在所述转发器处将光信号转换为电RF信号；
在转发器处使用偶极子天线系统将所述电信号转换为电磁RF信号以在局部垂直于光缆的方向产生细长微微蜂窝小区。
18、根据权利要求17的方法，其中所述光缆具有外涂层，及包括使所述偶极子天线系统的至少一部分位于所述外涂层外面的步骤。
19、根据权利要求17的方法，包括对多个转发器执行其中的步骤以形成由多个细长微微蜂窝小区组成的微微蜂窝覆盖区。
20、根据权利要求17的方法，包括通过定向光缆而定向微微蜂窝小区。
CNA2007800224532A 2006-06-16 2007-06-14 用于光纤无线电通信光缆的转发器 Pending CN101473568A (zh)

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