CN101515023A - 蓄电池和电池测试器 - Google Patents

蓄电池和电池测试器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101515023A
CN101515023A CNA200810190887XA CN200810190887A CN101515023A CN 101515023 A CN101515023 A CN 101515023A CN A200810190887X A CNA200810190887X A CN A200810190887XA CN 200810190887 A CN200810190887 A CN 200810190887A CN 101515023 A CN101515023 A CN 101515023A
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China
Prior art keywords
accumulator
cell tester
test jack
coupled
battery
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CNA200810190887XA
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English (en)
Inventor
凯文·I·贝特内斯
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Midtronics Inc
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Midtronics Inc
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Publication of CN101515023A publication Critical patent/CN101515023A/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/364—Battery terminal connectors with integrated measuring arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
    • G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements

Abstract

提供一种蓄电池，其具有用于电耦合到电气系统的第一和第二接头。提供一种测试插头，用于将蓄电池耦合到电子电池测试器。另一方面，提供一种电池测试器，其具有用于与蓄电池的测试插头相耦合的插头，用于在蓄电池上执行电子电池测试。

Description

蓄电池和电池测试器
技术领域
本发明涉及蓄电池和用于测试这种蓄电池的电子电池测试器。
背景技术
在机动车辆中作为备用电源等使用的这类蓄电池典型地包括多个电池板(battery plate)，这些电池板形成一系列的单个单元电池，这些电池耦合在一起形成蓄电池。在这种电池中使用不同化学反应。
典型地，蓄电池具有有限的使用寿命(life span)，必须对其加以更换和定期地再充电。已知多种用于监控这种蓄电池的状态以确定是否有必要进行更换或再充电的技术。Illinois，Willowbrook的Midtronics，Inc.以及Keith S.Champlin博士开创了用于监控这种蓄电池的技术。在以下文献中公开和描述了这种技术的示例：1975年3月25日授予Champlin的美国专利No.3,873,911；1975年9月30日授予Champlin的美国专利No.3,909,708；1989年3月28日授予Champlin的美国专利No.4,816,768；1989年4月25日授予Champlin的美国专利No.4,825,170；1989年11月14日授予Champlin的美国专利No.4,881,038；1990年3月27日授予Champlin的美国专利No.4,912,416；1992年8月18日授予Champlin的美国专利No.5,140,269；1994年8月30日授权的美国专利No.5,343,380；1996年11月5日授权的美国专利No.5,572,136；1996年11月12日授权的美国专利No.5,574,355；1996年12月10日授权的美国专利No.5,583,416；1996年12月17日授权的美国专利No.5,585,728；1996年12月31日授权的美国专利No.5,589,757；1997年1月7日授权的美国专利No.5,592,093；1997年1月28日授权的美国专利No.5,598,098；1997年8月12日授权的美国专利No.5,656,920；1998年5月26日授权的美国专利No.5,757,192；1998年10月13日授权的美国专利No.5,821,756；1998年11月3日授权的美国专利No.5,831,435；1999年2月16日授权的美国专利No.5,871,858；1999年6月22日授权的美国专利No.5,914,605；1999年8月31日授权的美国专利No.5,945,829；1999年12月14日授权的美国专利No.6,002,238；2000年3月14日授权的美国专利No.6,037,751；2000年3月14日授权的美国专利No.6,037,777；2000年4月18日授权的美国专利No.6,051,976；2000年6月27日授权的美国专利No.6,081,098；2000年7月18日授权的美国专利No.6,091,245；2000年8月15授权的美国专利No.6,104,167；2000年10月24日授权的美国专利No.6,137,269；2000年12月19日授权的美国专利No.6,163,156；2001年1月9日授权的美国专利No.6,172,483；2001年1月9日授权的美国专利No.6,172,505；2001年4月24日授权的美国专利No.6,222,369；2001年5月1日授权的美国专利No.6,225,808；2001年6月19日授权的美国专利No.6,249,124；2001年7月10日授权的美国专利No.6,259,254；2001年7月17日授权的美国专利No.6,262,563；2001年9月25授权的美国专利No.6,294,896；2001年9月25日授权的美国专利No.6,294,897；2001年10月16日授权的美国专利No.6,304,087；2001年10月30日授权的美国专利No.6,310,481；2001年11月6日授权的美国专利No.6,313,607；2001年11月6日授权的美国专利No.6,313,608；2001年11月13日授权的美国专利No.6,316,914；2001年11月27日授权的美国专利No.6,323,650；2001年12月11日授权的美国专利No.6,329,793；2001年12月18日授权的美国专利No.6,331,762；2001年12月18日授权的美国专利No.6,332,113；2002年2月26日授权的美国专利No.6,351,102；2002年3月19日授权的美国专利No.6,359,441；2002年3月26日授权的美国专利No.6,363,303；2002年4月23日授权的美国专利No.6,377,031；2002年5月21日授权的美国专利No.6,392,414；2002年7月9日授权的美国专利No.6,417,669；2002年7月23日授权的美国专利No.6,424,158；2002年8月17日授权的美国专利No.6,441,585；2002年8月20日授权的美国专利No.6,437,957；2002年9月3日授权的美国专利No.6,445,158；美国专利No.6,456,045；2002年10月15日授权的美国专利No.6,466,025；2002年10月15日授权的美国专利No.6,465,908；2002年10月15日授权的美国专利No.6,466,026；2002年11月22日授权的美国专利No.6,469,511；2002年12月17日授权的美国专利No.6,495,990；2002年12月24日授权的美国专利No.6,497,209；2003年1月14日授权的美国专利No.6,507,196；2003年3月18日授权的美国专利No.6,534,993；2003年4月8日授权的美国专利No.6,544,078；2003年4月29日授权的美国专利No.6,556,019；2003年5月20日授权的美国专利No.6,566,883；2003年7月1日授权的美国专利No.6,586,941；2003年7月22日授权的美国专利No.6,597,150；2003年9月16日授权的美国专利No.6,621,272；2003年9月23日授权的美国专利No.6,623,314；2003年10月14日授权的美国专利No.6,633,165；2003年10月21日授权的美国专利No.6,635,974；2004年3月16日授权的美国专利No.6,707,303；2004年5月18日授权的美国专利No.6,737,831；2004年6月1日授权的美国专利No.6,744,149；2004年7月6日授权的美国专利No.6,759,849；2004年8月24日授权的美国专利No.6,781,382；2004年9月7日提交的美国专利No.6,788,025；2004年9月21日授权的美国专利No.6,795,782；2004年10月19日提交的美国专利No.6,805,090；2004年10月19日提交的美国专利No.6,806,716；
2005年2月1日提交的美国专利No.6,850,037；2005年2月1日授权的美国专利No.6,850,037；2005年3月22日授权的美国专利No.6,871,151；2005年4月26日授权的美国专利No.6,885,195；2005年5月3日授权的美国专利No.6,888,468；2005年5月10日授权的美国专利No.6,891,378；2005年6月14日授权的美国专利No.6,906,522；2005年6月14日授权的美国专利No.6,906,523；2005年6月21日授权的美国专利No.6,909,287；2005年7月5日授权的美国专利No.6,914,413；2005年7月5日授权的美国专利No.6,913,483；2005年8月16日授权的美国专利No.6,930,485；2005年8月23日授权的美国专利No.6,933,727；2005年9月6日提交的美国专利No.6,941,234；2005年11月22授权的美国专利No.6,967,484；2006年2月14日授权的美国专利No.6,998,847；2006年2月21日授权的美国专利No.7,003,410；2006年2月21日授权的美国专利No.7,003,411；2006年3月14日授权的美国专利No.7,012,433；2006年3月21日授权的美国专利No.7,015,674；2006年4月25日授权的美国专利No.7,034,541；2006年5月2日授权的美国专利No.7,039,533；2006年6月6日授权的美国专利No.7,058,525；2006年7月25日授权的美国专利No.7,081,755；2006年9月12日授权的美国专利No.7,106,070；2006年10月3日公布美国专利No.7,116,109；2006年10月10日授权的美国专利No.7,119,686；2006年10月24日授权的美国专利No.7,126,341；2006年12月26日授权的美国专利No.7,154,276；2007年4月3日授权的美国专利No.7,198,510；2008年4月22日授权的美国专利No.7,363,175；2007年4月24日授权的美国专利No.7,208,914；2007年7月17日授权的美国专利No.7,246,015；2007年11月13日授权的美国专利No.7,295,936；2008年1月15日授权的美国专利No.7,319,304；2008年4月22日授权的美国专利No.7,363,175；2008年7月8日授权的美国专利No.7,398,176；2008年8月5日授权的美国专利No.7,408,358；2008年9月16日授权的美国专利No.7,425,833；2008年11月4日授权的美国专利No.7,446,536；2001年2月9日提交的名称为STORAGEBATTERY WITH INTEGRAL BATTERY TESTER的美国序号09/780,146；2001年1月8日提交的名称为METHOD AND APPARATUS FORDETERMINING BATTERY PROPERTIES FROM COMPLEXIMPEDANCE/ADMITTANCE的美国序号09/756,638；2001年5月21日提交的名称为METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TESTING CELLS ANDBATTERIES EMBEDDED IN SERIES/PARALLEL SYSTEMS的美国序号09/862,783；2001年6月13日提交的美国序号09/880,473；名称为BATTERYTEST MODULE；2002年1月8日提交的名称为BATTERY CHARGECONTROL DEVICE的美国序号10/042,451；2002年3月28日提交的名称为APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR COUNTERACTING SELFDISCHARGE IN A STORAGE BATTERY的美国序号10/109,734；2002年3月29日提交的名称为BATTERY TESTER WITH BATTERYREPLACEMENT OUTPUT美国序号10/112,998；2002年10月2日提交的名称为ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER WITH RELATIVE TEST OUTPUT的美国序号10/263,473；2002年12月5日提交的名称为BATTERY TESTMODULE的美国序号10/310,385；2003年9月2日提交的名称为ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER CONFIGURED TO PREDICT A LOADTEST RESULT的美国序号10/653,342；2003年5月19日提交的名称为ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER的美国序号10/441,271；2000年9月1日提交的名称为SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING POWERGENERATION AND STORAGE的美国序号09/653,963；2002年6月18日提交的名称为DAYTIME RUNNING LIGHT CONTROL USING ANINTELLIGENT POWER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM的美国序号10/174,110；2003年4月9日提交的名称为CURRENT MEASURINGCIRCUIT SUITED FOR BATTERIES的美国序号10/258,441；2003年10月8日提交的名称为ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER WITH PROBE LIGHT的美国序号10/681,666；2004年2月20日提交的名称为REPLACEABLECLAMP FOR ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER的美国序号10/783,682；2004年3月2日提交的名称为METHOD AND APPARATUS FORAUDITING A BATTERY TEST的美国序号10/791,141；2004年6月14日提交的名称为ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOTIVEVEHICLE的美国序号10/867,385；2004年7月22日提交的名称为ELETRONIC BATTERY TESTER的美国序号10/896,834；2004年10月5日提交的名称为IN-VEHICLE BATTERY MONITOR的美国序号10/958,821；2004年10月5日提交的名称为SCAN TOOL FOR ELECTRONIC BATTERYTESTER的美国序号10/958,812；2004年12月9日提交的名称为APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PREDICTING BATTERY CAPACITYAND FITNESS FOR SERVICE FROM A BATTERY DYNAMICPARAMETER AND A RECOVERY VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL的美国序号11/008,456，2004年12月14提交的名称为CELLTRON ULTRA的美国序号60/587,232，2004年12月21提交的名称为WIRELESS BATTERY MONITOR的美国序号11/018,785；2005年2月16日提交的名称为CUSTOMERMANAGED WARRANTY CODE的美国序号60/653,537；2005年2月22日提交的名称为ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER OR CHARGER WITHBATABUS CONNECTION的美国序号11/063,247；2005年3月24日提交的名称为OHMMETER PROTECTION CIRCUIT的美国序号60/665,070；2005年5月31日提交的名称为BATTERY TESTER CAPABLE OFIDENTIFYING FAULTY BATTERY POST ADAPTERS的美国序号11/141,234；2005年6月2日提交的名称为BATTERY TEST MODULE的美国序号11/143,828；2005年6月7日提交的名称为SCAN TOOL FORELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER的美国序号11/146,608；2005年6月27日提交的名称为GEL BATTERY CONDUCTANCE COMPENSATION的美国序号60,694,199；2005年7月11日提交的名称为WIRELESS BATTERYTESTER/CHARGER的美国序号11/178,550；2005年8月4日提交的名称为PORTABLE TOOL THEFT PREVENTION SYSTEM的美国序号60/705,389，2005年8月19日提交的名称为SYSTEM FORAUTOMATICALLY GATHERING BATTERY INFORMATION FOR USEDURING BATTERY TESTER/CHARGING的美国序号11/207,419，2005年8月29日提交的名称为AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMDIAGNOSTIC DEVICE的美国序号60/712,322；2005年8月31日提交的名称为LOAD TESTER SIMULATION WITH DISCHARGE COMPENSATION的美国序号60/713,168，2005年10月31日提交的名称为PLUG-INFEATURES FOR BATTERY TESTERS的美国序号60/731,881；2005年10月31日提交的名称为AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMDIAGNOSTIC DEVICE的美国序号60/731,887；2005年12月14提交的名称为BATTERY TESTER THAT CALCULATES ITS OWN REFERENCEVALUES的美国序号11/304,004；2005年12月20日提交的名称为BATTERYMONITORING SYSTEM的美国序号60/751,853；2005年12月14日提交的名称为BATTERY TESTER WITH CALCULATES ITS OWN REFERENCEVALUES的美国序列11/304,004；2005年12月20日提交的名称为BATTERYMONITORING SYSTEM的美国序号60/751,853；2006年2月16日提交的名称为CENTRALLY MONITORED SALES OF STORAGE BATTERIES的美国序号11/356,299；2006年2月16日提交的名称为ELECTRONIC BATTERYTESTER WITH NETWORK COMMUNICATION的美国序号11/356,443；2006年8月3日提交的名称为THEFT PREVENTION DEVICE FORAUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE SERVICE CENTERS的美国序号11/498,703；2006年8月21日提交的名称为APPARATUS AND METHOD FORSIMULATING A BATTERY TESTER WITH A FIXED RESISTANCELOAD的美国序号11/507,157；2006年8月29日提交的名称为AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DIAGNOSTICDEVICE的美国序号11/511,872；2006年9月12日提交的名称为BROAD-BAND LOW-CONDUCTANCE CABLES FOR MAKING KELVINCONNECTIONS TO ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS AND BATTERIES的美国序号11/519,481；2006年9月25日提交的名称为STATIONARYBATTERY MONITORING ALGORITHMS的美国序号60/847,064；2006年12月14日提交的名称为BATTERY MONITORING SYSTEM的美国序号11/638,771；2006年12月19日提交的名称为METHOD AND APPARATUSFOR MEASURING A PARAMETER OF A VEHICLE ELECTRONICSYSTEM的美国序号11/641,594；2007年2月27日提交的名称为BATTERYTESTER WITH PROMOTION FEATRUE的美国序号11/711,356；2007年6月11日提交的名称为ALTERNATOR TESTER的美国序号11/811,528；2007年7月17日提交的名称为BATTERY TESTER FOR HYBRID VEHICLE的美国序号60/950,182；2007年9月20日提交的名称为ELECTRONIC BATTERYTESTER FOR TESTING STATIONARY BATTERIES的美国序号60/973,879；2007年10月31日提交的名称为BATTERY MAINTENANCEWITH PROBE LIGHT的美国序号11/931,907；2007年12月6日提交的名称为STORAGE BATTERY AND BATTERY TESTER的美国序号60/992,798；2008年4月9日提交的名称为BATTERY RUN DOWN INDICATOR的美国序号12/099,826；2008年6月16日提交的名称为KELVIN CLAMP FORELECTRONICALLY COUPLING TO A BATTERY CONTACT的美国序号61/061,848；2008年7月7日提交的名称为BATTERY TESTERS WITHSECONDARY FUNCTIONALITY的美国序号12/168,264；2008年7月17日提交的名称为BATTERY TESTER FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE的美国序号12/174,894；2008年9月4日提交的名称为ELECTRONIC BATTERYTESTER OR CHARGER WITH DATABUS CONNECTION的美国序号12/204,141；将它们全部并入在此。
现在正需要改进的、测试和监控蓄电池的方法和技术。
发明内容
提供一种蓄电池，具有用于电耦合到电气系统的第一和第二接头。提供一种测试插座，用于将蓄电池耦合到电子电池测试器。另一方面，提供一种电池测试器，具有用于与蓄电池的测试插座耦合的插头，用于在蓄电池上执行电子电池测试。
附图说明
图1是示出了根据本发明的电池和电池测试器的简化结构图。
图2是图1的蓄电池的简化示意图。
图3是图1的蓄电池的透视图。
图4是示出了根据本发明的另一实施例的、具有温度传感器的电池的示意图。
图5是包括测试插座支架的电池的侧视图。
图6是示出了包括熔丝元件等的测试插头的示意图。
具体实施方式
现有技术中已知不同类型的蓄电池，这些蓄电池有许多用途，例如，包括机动车辆，备用电源等。如在背景技术部分所述的，使用不同技术来测试这种电池。本发明提供一种蓄电池，该蓄电池具有适于耦合到电子电池测试器的测试插座。此外，本发明包括一种电子电池测试器，该电子电池测试器具有适于与蓄电池的测试插座耦合的测试插头，用于在蓄电池上执行电子电池测试。
在一个具体实施例中，提供了一种蓄电池，该蓄电池具有构造在电池外壳中的测试插座。插座具有以标准或开尔文(Kelvin)配置连接的2个或更多连接(每极1-2个)。
四个连接配置使能用于周期性测试的电导/阻抗测试仪表与手持设备一致连接(consistent connection)。目前便携式测试器的一个问题是：操作者放置夹钳/探针的放置位置不一致，导致对于任何欧姆测试方法的很大可变性。标准的连接器将确保一致和可靠的连接。
2或4极配置提供了一种简单并且快速的途径以连接监控系统。在当前连接电池监控系统时，必须断开电池搭板(battery strap)，以便将环形端子等附着到电池以进行连接。这样，必须使电气系统离线(take off line)。就本发明而言，电池自身使系统“监控就绪”，并且能够在电池系统保持带电(live)的同时简单地插入线缆。它还消除了错误配线的可能性。仍然能够与欧姆测量方法一起使用2极版本。2个极可以是针对感测函数(sensing function)的，可以横跨多个串联的电池单元(cell)来施加强制函数(forcing function)。
为了监控应用，提供2或4个(数目取决于连接2条还是4条线缆(wirecable))熔丝，以在配线变得相对于架轨(frame rail)箍缩(pinch)或短路的情况下限制电流。在一个例子中，熔丝有4安培的额定值，这比强制电流和感测电流大得多，而比连接配线的熔断电流(典型地18量规(gauge))小得多。备选实施例是提供自动复位(PTC，即正温度系数)型的熔丝，或标准的断路器。
图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的、与蓄电池14耦合的电子电池测试器12的简图10。蓄电池14包括端子(或接头)16和18，端子16和18用于耦合到电气系统(示为电阻)19，例如，机动车辆、备用电源(例如用于为移动电话站点、变电所(power substation)等提供电能的备用电源)、或其它设备的电气系统(示为电阻)19。在电池14的外壳21中提供测试插座20。
尽管图1示出了具有四个电连接的测试插座，然而可以采用任意数目的电连接。给电池测试器12提供电池测试器测试插头22，电池测试器测试插头22用于插入测试插头20中并且也具有四个电连接。然而，可以使用任意数目的连接，并且连接的数目不需要与插座20所提供的连接的数目相同。
电池测试器12包括提供时变信号的某一类型强制函数发生器(forcingfunction generator)30以及读出放大器(sense amplifier)32。这可以是有源(active)或无源(passive)强制函数。在这种配置中，电池测试器12用于使用开尔文连接来执行测试，其中，强制函数发生器30将强制函数信号施加在电池14的电池单元之间，由感测放大器32测量得到的、电池单元的响应。模数转换器33接收放大器32的输出并且将数字化的值提供给微处理器36。微处理器36根据存储在存储器38中的指令进行操作，并且例如能够使用适当的技术来确定电池14的电导率，或执行其它测试，包括而不局限于背景技术部分所描述的那些。在一个配置中，不使用开尔文连接，而是将单个连接提供给蓄电池14。与动态参数相比，这可以用于例如测量标准电阻。微处理器36提供与蓄电池14的状态有关的输出40。
图1还示出了插座20的独立连接20A、20B、20C和20D。它们用于接收插头22上分别与连接器或配线22A、22B、22C和22D耦合的独立管脚或连接器。
图2是电池14的简化的电气示意图，示出了测试插头20与电池14的内部一个或多个电池单元50之间的电连接。此外，如上所述，提供将插头20电与一个或多个电池单元50耦合的熔丝52、54、56和58。这些元件可以是熔丝、自动可复位熔丝(即，如PTC)、断路器等。如图2所示，可以将插头20耦合到电池测试器12，而不干扰至端子16和18的电连接。尽管图2所示的电池14仅仅示出了单个电池单元50，然而其可以包含任意数目的电池单元50。可以根据需要对插座20与一个或多个电池单元50之间的电连接进行配置。例如，连接可以是与电池14内单独电池单元50的连接，或提供横跨电池14内所有电池单元50的连接。因此，如果需要，可以提供这样的配置：与同时测试所有电池单元相反，该配置允许对电池内的单独电池单元进行测试。
图3是示出了接头16和18以及插头20的电池14的透视图。在该示例中，提供的两个熔丝52和56，这两个熔丝52和56对于操作者来说是可拆卸的。注意，在插座20中形成有凹口(notch)或槽(slot)80，以使插座极化(polarize)。这提供了供插头22使用的极性键(polarizing key)。这样可以用于确保将电池测试器12的测试插头22与电池14以期望的极性连接。
图4是根据另一示例配置的蓄电池14的简化示意图。在图4中，提供了温度传感器90。在该示例中，温度传感器90包括热敏电阻器，该热敏电阻器具有作为温度的函数而变化的电阻。在这样的配置中，通过插座20提供附加连接。例如，提供连接器连接20E和20F以耦合到温度传感器90。在这样的配置中，可以由电池测试器12直接测量电池的温度，如内部电池温度。返回来参看图1，在这个配置中电池测试器12包括与测试插头22的两个附加连接，这允许对温度进行测量。例如，可以通过以下方式来进行测量：采用电源30施加电流通过温度传感器90，以及使用放大器32来测量得到的电压降。
图4是蓄电池14的另一配置的简化示意图。为了一致性，同样的元件保留它们的编号。在图4的实施例中，电池14还包括被表示为RT的温度传感器90。例如，这可以包括基于电阻的温度传感器，其中元件90的电阻作为温度的函数而变化。可以采用任何适当的技术均来测量电阻，例如使用强制函数发生器30和放大器32.
在不同的配置中，电池测试器12的测试插头22可以不包括针对测试插座20中的每个连接器的连接器。在这样的配置中，电池测试器12可以访问某些连接(例如感测连接和/或温度连接)，而不访问其它连接。这可以与槽80联合用于在插头22与测试插座20之间提供极化后的连接。
尽管将插座20示为位于电池14的顶部，然而可以视情况安置插座20，例如，安置在电池14的侧面之一或底部。
图5是根据另一示例配置的电池16的侧视图，示出了插座支架100。支架100包括接头连接器104，接头连接器104用于电耦合到电池接头16和18。例如，如在图2中图示的，在接头连接器104与测试插座20之间提供电连接。提供附着机械装置102(例如，螺钉或螺栓)以将插座支架100物理地耦合到电池外壳16。在一个配置中，温度传感器90位于支架100内。熔丝、PTC元件或断路器52、54、56和58(图5中没有示出)也可以位于支架100内。这样的配置使得采用现有的电池，或现有的电池设计来改进本发明，而不必重组电池生产设备。
图6示出了插头22的另一示例配置，其中熔丝52、54、56和58与插头22和电池测试器12相关联。在这样的配置中，不需要将熔丝52-58安置在电池14中或电池14上，从而降低了与每个蓄电池相关联的单独成本。如上所述，元件52-58可以包括任意适合的组件以防止短路，例如断路器或PTC元件。
尽管根据优选的实施例描述了本发明，然而本领域的技术人员将意识到，在不违背本发明的精神和范围的前提下可以进行形式和细节上的改变。尽管示出了特定的电池配置、插头配置以及电池测试器配置，然而本发明并不局限于此。此外，插头20可以包括用于选择性地将测试插头20与电池测试器插头22锁住的插销(latch)、夹具(clip)或其它机械装置。
在一个实施例中，图1所示的元件19包括任意的机动车辆电气系统。测试器12可以测量电池14的动态参数、或期望的一些其它参数。

Claims (34)

1、一种蓄电池，包括：
至少一个电池单元；
第一和第二端子，用于将所述至少一个电池单元耦合到电气系统；
测试插座，电耦合到所述至少一个电池单元，用于将所述至少一个电池单元耦合到电池测试器。
2、根据权利要求1所述的蓄电池，其中，所述测试插座提供耦合到第一端子的第一连接以及耦合到第二端子的第二连接。
3、根据权利要求2所述的蓄电池，其中，所述测试插座包括耦合到第一端子的第三连接以及耦合到第二端子的第四连接。
4、根据权利要求1所述的蓄电池，包括至少一个熔丝，电耦合在第一端子与测试插座之间。
5、一种电子电池测试器，包括电池测试器插头，所述电池测试器插头用于连接到权利要求1所述的蓄电池的测试插座。
6、根据权利要求5所述的电子电池测试器，其中，所述电池测试器包括强制函数发生器和读出放大器。
7、根据权利要求6所述的电子电池测试器，其中，所述电池测试器用于通过测试插座来测量蓄电池的动态参数。
8、根据权利要求5所述的电子电池测试器，包括模数转换器，该模数转换器用于将测试插座的连接器两端所测量的电压数字化。
9、根据权利要求5所述的电子电池测试器，其中，所述电池测试器还用于通过测试插座耦合到温度传感器。
10、根据权利要求9所述的电子电池测试器，其中，所述温度传感器被安装到蓄电池。
11、根据权利要求5所述的电子电池测试器，其中，电池测试器插头和测试插座包括四个连接。
12、根据权利要求5所述的电子电池测试器，其中，电池测试器插头和测试插座包括六个连接。
13、根据权利要求1所述的蓄电池，包括至少一个断路器，电耦合在第一端子与测试插座之间。
14、根据权利要求1所述的蓄电池，包括至少一个PTC元件，连接在第一端子与测试插座之间。
15、根据权利要求1所述的蓄电池，其中，所述测试插座包括极性键。
16、根据权利要求5所述的电子电池测试器，包括至少一个熔丝，电耦合在电池测试器的电路与电池测试器插头之间。
17、根据权利要求5所述的电子电池测试器，包括至少一个断路器，电耦合在电池测试器的电路与电池测试器插头之间。
18、根据权利要求5所述的电子电池测试器，包括至少一个PTC元件，电耦合在电池测试器的电路与电池测试器插头之间。
19、根据权利要求1所述的蓄电池，其中，将所述测试插座附着到测试插座支架，测试插座支架电耦合到第一和第二端子。
20、根据权利要求19所述的蓄电池，其中，将所述测试插座支架附着到蓄电池的外壳。
21、根据权利要求19所述的蓄电池，其中，所述测试插座支架包括温度传感器。
22、根据权利要求1所述的蓄电池，其中，所述电气系统包括机动车辆电气系统。
23、根据权利要求1所述的蓄电池，其中，所述电气系统包括备用电源电气系统。
24、一种对耦合到电气系统的类型的蓄电池进行测试的方法，包括：
将测试插座电耦合到蓄电池的至少一个电池单元，所述至少一个电池单元还与耦合到电气系统的蓄电池的第一和第二端子相耦合；
将电池测试器的测试插头电连接到测试插座，测试插头和测试插座提供至少四个电连接，其中将两个电连接电耦合到蓄电池的第一端子，另两个电连接电耦合到蓄电池的第二端子，从而提供与第一和第二端子的开尔文连接；
采用电池测试器通过测试插头和测试插座将强制函数施加至蓄电池，其中使用第一对电连接将强制函数施加在蓄电池的第一和第二端子之间；
使用第二对电连接，通过测试插头和测试插座，在电池测试器中对所施加的强制函数的响应进行感测；
根据所感测的响应确定蓄电池状态。
25、根据权利要求24所述的方法，其中，所述测试插座提供耦合到第一接头的第一连接以及耦合到第二接头的第二连接。
26、根据权利要求24所述的方法，包括至少一个熔丝，电耦合在第一端子与测试插座之间。
27、根据权利要求24所述的方法，其中，将电池测试器配置为测量蓄电池的动态参数。
28、根据权利要求24所述的方法，包括将蓄电池中的温度传感器耦合到电池测试器。
29、根据权利要求28所述的方法，其中，将所述温度传感器安装到蓄电池。
30、根据权利要求24所述的方法，其中，将所述测试插座附着到测试插座支架，将测试插座支架电耦合到第一和第二端子。
31、根据权利要求30所述的方法，其中，将所述测试插座支架附着到蓄电池的外壳。
32、根据权利要求30所述的方法，其中，所述测试插座支架包括温度传感器。
33、根据权利要求24所述的方法，其中，所述电气系统包括机动车辆电气系统。
34、根据权利要求24所述的方法，其中，所述电气系统包括备用电源电气系统。
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