CN101516297A - 用于确定减压治疗系统中流体的罐的填充状态的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于确定减压治疗系统中流体的罐的填充状态的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN101516297A
CN101516297A CNA2007800344996A CN200780034499A CN101516297A CN 101516297 A CN101516297 A CN 101516297A CN A2007800344996 A CNA2007800344996 A CN A2007800344996A CN 200780034499 A CN200780034499 A CN 200780034499A CN 101516297 A CN101516297 A CN 101516297A
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克里斯多佛·布赖恩·洛克
蒂莫西·马克·罗宾逊
大卫·罗布森·布兰福德
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3M Innovative Properties Co
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Abstract

提供了减压治疗系统,其包括流体地连接到组织部位的罐,且该罐配置成接纳在减压的作用下从组织部位流出的流体。减压源提供减压,且通过流体连通通路被流体地连接到组织部位,该流体连通通路可包括源导管、所述罐和目标导管。感测设备与源导管相通且配置成感测源导管中的压力。阀与源导管相通,且被配置来排出减压。处理单元与感测设备和阀相通,且配置成开启阀一段选定量的时间,确定减压的衰减,以及基于减压的衰减确定罐的填充状态。

Description

用于确定减压治疗系统中流体的罐的填充状态的系统和方法
发明背景
1.发明领域
本发明一般涉及医疗设备,且更具体地涉及用于确定与医疗设备一起使用的流体的罐(canister)的填充状态的检测方法和系统。
2.相关技术描述
诸如褥疮性溃疡及那些在糖尿病患者脚上所发现的溃疡的开放性伤口和溃疡的治疗是个难题。对经常被细菌性病原体感染的这样的伤口的恰当治疗是多因素的。通常需要外科手术以去除死亡的和坏死的组织。如果可能,使用抗生素以抑制生长或杀死致病细菌。同时,适当的营养对于维持患者的健康状况是必需的,且更重要地,适当的伤口护理对于治愈伤口或溃疡是必须的。
适当的伤口护理需要保持伤口清洁和干燥。当伤口感染时,下层组织释出浆液,且可能释出脓性渗出物,两者都必须被去除以促进伤口愈合。去除上述流体的传统方法需要用海绵机械地擦净伤口和干燥伤口。该程序不仅使患者疼痛,而且增加了在治疗期间由于被引入到伤口的细菌而使伤口重复感染的可能性。
对于这种开放性伤口的机械擦净的可选方案是负压伤口闭合设备。这种负压伤口闭合设备由泡沫垫组成,该泡沫垫放置在伤口上,以在伤口周围形成相对气密的和防漏的密封。负压伤口闭合设备还具有真空泵,其流体地连接到安置在患者伤口上的垫。当启动真空泵时,在覆盖伤口的垫内产生负压。通过泡沫垫借助负压将伤口释出的流体去除,且通过将泡沫垫连接到罐的管将伤口释出的流体传输。罐收集从伤口去除的流体。当罐充满了从伤口去除的流体时,将罐倒空并再接合到真空系统。已进行了尝试,当罐充满伤口流体(wound fluid)时警告使用者。这些方法的目的在于直接测量罐中伤口流体的量。
然而,由于通常伤口流体是粘滞的,现有的直接测量罐中伤口流体量的方法已经证明是不可靠的。流体还经常起泡沫、起泡和捕集空气,这可能导致流体不停留在罐的底部。在本领域尚存对于当用于收集伤口流体的罐满了且需要倒空时,警告使用者的可靠的系统和方法的需求。
发明概述
本发明的系统和方法解决了现有罐检测系统的问题。根据本发明的一个实施方案,提供了用于检测组织治疗系统中流体的罐的填充状态的方法。该方法包括在组织治疗系统的流体连通通路(fluid communication path)中产生减压(reduced pressure),且将该减压施加到组织部位。将流体从组织部位收集到罐中。释放减压,且测量减压的衰减(decay)。由测量出的衰减确定罐的填充状态。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,减压治疗系统包括罐,该罐流体地连接到组织部位,且配置成接纳在减压的作用下从组织部位流出的流体。减压源配置成提供减压,且通过流体连通通路被流体地连接到组织部位。流体连通通路包括源导管、所述罐和目标导管。该罐设置在减压源与组织部位之间,且通过源导管被流体地连接到减压源。通过目标导管将该罐流体地连接到组织部位。减压治疗系统进一步包括感测设备,该感测设备与源导管相通,且配置成感测源导管中的压力。阀设置成与源导管相通,以选择性地排出减压。处理单元与感测设备和阀相通。该处理单元配置成开启阀一段选定量的时间,在选定量的时间期间从感测设备接收感测数据,以确定减压的衰减,并基于减压的衰减确定罐的填充状态。
在本发明的又一个实施方案中,减压治疗系统包括减压源,以提供减压。多孔垫安置在组织部位处,且流体地连接到减压源。罐被流体地连接在多孔垫与减压源之间,以收集从组织部位流出的流体。该系统进一步包括电磁阀,该电磁阀流体地连接到在罐与减压源之间的导管。提供了用于确定压力衰减的装置,以当开启电磁阀时确定导管中的压力衰减。
参照以下附图和详细描述,本发明的其它目的、特征和优点将变得明显。
附图简述
图1图示了根据本发明的实施方案的具有满罐检测能力的减压治疗系统;
图2图示了图1的减压治疗系统的处理单元的框图;
图3图示了使用根据本发明示例性实施方案的满罐检测方法的系统所实施的试验结果的图解表示;
图4图示了使用根据本发明示例性实施方案的满罐检测方法的系统所实施的试验结果的图解表示;
图5图示了使用根据本发明示例性实施方案的满罐检测方法的系统所实施的试验结果的图解表示;以及
图6图示了使用根据本发明示例性实施方案的满罐检测方法的系统所实施的试验结果的图解表示。
优选实施方式的详述
在下列示例性实施方案的详细描述中,参照了附图,这些附图构成本文的一部分。使用这些示例性实施方案可实施本发明。对这些实施方案描述得足够详细,以使本领域技术人员能够实施本发明。可利用其它实施方案,且可进行逻辑的、结构的、机械的、电的和化学的改变,而不脱离本示例性实施方案的精神或范围。为了避免对于本领域技术人员能够实施本发明不必要的细节,描述可能省略了本领域技术人员已知的某些信息。因此,下列详细描述不应当被认为是限定性的。这些示例性实施方案的范围由所附的权利要求限定。
在此所使用的术语“减压”通常是指低于正在接受治疗的组织部位处的环境压力的压力。在大多数情况下,该减压会低于患者所在处的大气压。虽然术语“真空”和“负压”可用来描述施加到组织部位的压力,但是施加到组织部位的实际压力可明显地低于通常与完全的真空相关的压力。与该术语一致,减压或真空压力的增加是指绝对压力的相对降低,而减压或真空压力的减少是指绝对压力的相对升高。
在此所使用的术语“组织部位”是指位于任何组织上或内的伤口或缺陷,所述任何组织包括但不限于骨组织、脂肪组织、肌肉组织、皮肤组织、血管组织、结缔组织、软骨、腱或韧带。术语“组织部位”可进一步指不一定是受损伤的或有缺陷的任何组织区域,而替代地是期望增加或促进额外组织的生长的区域。例如,减压组织治疗可用在某些组织区域中,以使可获取和移植到另一组织部位的额外组织生长。
参照图1,减压治疗系统11包括安置在组织部位15处的多孔垫20或其它分配歧管(distribution manifold)。通过目标导管21将多孔垫20流体地连接到罐17。通过源导管24将减压源19流体地连接到罐17。在操作中,减压源19通过流体连通通路将减压传递到组织部位,流体连通通路主要由源导管24、罐17和目标导管21共同组成。
电磁阀或其它适合的阀18安装到源导管24,且用于当被开启时将流体连通通路内的减压释放到大气。电磁阀10可与处理单元26相通,且受处理单元26控制,这点在以下被更详细地描述。处理单元26可进一步与感测设备28相通,感测设备28用于确定源导管24中的压力。
减压治疗系统11能够可靠地确定罐的填充状态(即,罐是充满了流体还是未充满流体)。系统11依靠被固定的流体连通通路的体积,因此在开启阀18后真空从该已知体积的释放应出现在设定时间内。当处理单元26通过任何可靠的堵塞检测方法检测到流体连通通路内的堵塞时,处理单元26发信号,使阀18开启一段选定量的时间(例如1秒),以将减压从流体连通通路排到大气。处理单元26从感测设备28接收感测数据,且在这1秒期间监测压力衰减。如果压力迅速衰减,那么处理单元26确定罐17是满的,因为正被排空的腔(chamber)的体积是小的。因此,如果罐充满状态被确定,处理单元26会向警报器发信号。
如果该衰减是缓慢的,就是说在电磁阀18被开启的1秒期间内,真空未衰减到预先确定的水平,那么处理单元26将作出结论,罐17是未满的。然后处理单元将认为,原先所检测的堵塞状况是由于目标导管21中的实际堵塞而不是罐充满状况所引起的。在这种特定的情形下,处理单元26可向分离的警报器发信号,以指示存在堵塞。优选地,用于通知使用者罐充满伤口流体和伤口流体所流动通过的目标导管21中的堵塞的警报器是分离的和不同的。
可以按几种方式来确定减压的衰减。例如,可通过测量在开启阀18后的选定量的时间内减压的减少(即,绝对压力的升高),来确定衰减。作为另一个例子,可通过测量减压降至阈值压力所需的时间的量,来确定衰减。也可通过测量在开启阀18后选定量的时间内源导管24中的流速的减少,来确定减压的衰减。其它测量减压衰减的方法也可以相似的方式使用,且被设想在本示例性实施方案的范围内。
附加的组件可以与本示例性实施方案一起使用,以更好地确定罐17的填充状态。例如,伤口流体流动通过的目标导管21将罐17连接到多孔垫20,目标导管21可包括可选择的阀25。在通过阀18排出到大气的时候,关闭阀25可指示空罐内体积是空的。由空的体积的该指示推算且知道罐的几何形状,可确定罐中流体的水平,且如果定期监测,也可确定来自组织部位15的流体流速。
仍参照图1,并且参照图2,处理单元26可被容纳在治疗单元外壳(therapy unit housing)40内,治疗单元外壳40也可容纳减压源19、感测设备28和阀18。处理单元26可配置有相同类型或不同类型的一个或多个处理器。例如,处理单元26可包括一个或多个处理器、逻辑、模拟组件、或任何其它能启动信号的电子装置,所述信号包括信息,例如在待接纳的系统中各个位置处的流体压力。
处理单元26执行软件208,且可进一步与以下设备相通:(i)存储器210,其用于存储数据和软件代码,(ii)输入/输出(I/O)单元218,其用于无线地、经由电线或经由存储输入设备与诸如阀或感测设备的其它设备和系统相通,(iii)存储单元222,其可存储一个或多个数据存储库(data repository)226a-226n(整体为226),例如具有一个或多个文件的数据库,(iv)电子显示器234,其可以是或可以不是触敏的,以及(v)一个或多个警报器238,其能使用声频信号、视觉信号或其它信号向减压治疗系统的使用者发信号。软件208可配置成与其它设备(例如电子显示器234)中的每个设备通过界面连接,以允许管理和观察减压治疗。
试验数据
参照图3,此图图示了使用与减压治疗系统11类似的系统所实施的试验结果的图解表示。在该试验中,对密闭罐示出了衰减时间相对于在125毫米汞柱处的填充水平的变化。罐填充有以50毫升递增的从空至500毫升的各种水平的水。用于伤口治疗的负压设定到125毫米汞柱,且系统运行,直到在略微超过目标压力处关闭泵。然后终止治疗,且应用自然渗漏,以使压力下降至125毫米汞柱。在该点处,操作阀以使罐通风至大气。以每秒10个样品记录压力分布。同样的试验也使用连接到该系统的标准大伤口进行,并产生图6的曲线图。
参照图4,此图图示了试验结果的图解表示,在该试验中观察使用大伤口在各种压力处在满罐与接近满罐之间的衰减时间的差异。标准大伤口泡沫和敷料在在塑料的基础上制备且装有减压传递垫,以允许针注射液体,以便填充罐和引起堵塞警报。在50毫米汞柱至400毫米汞柱的治疗压力处绘制两组曲线,一组曲线在450毫升流体水平处,而一组曲线使用被伤口排出物填充直到出现堵塞警报的罐。选择450毫升的值,是因为对于所使用的特定罐需要尽可能高的填充水平,与不出现堵塞警报一致。这个情形被设想为最坏的情景,条件是如果该系统能在高水平处区分两种情形,那么当水平降低时这只会更容易。
将罐填充至450毫升,且获得略微超过目标压力的压力。关闭真空泵,且当泄漏使压力降至目标水平时,如上所述开启通风阀。对于阻塞的曲线族,通过将水注入伤口中且在正常治疗条件下运行来填充罐。试验结果显示于图4中。
参照图5,此图图示了试验结果的图解表示,在该试验中观察使用大伤口在350毫米汞柱处在满的和其它流体水平之间的衰减差异。在如图3和图4的试验中准备标准大伤口,且对于外部填充的、从空至500毫升的流体水平绘制在350毫米汞柱处的压力曲线。在如上所述试验中在直接控制下完成此程序。在200毫米汞柱处在正常治疗下运行该系统,并将流体注入伤口中直至出现堵塞警报。在350毫米汞柱处继续直接控制,并绘制最后的曲线。
试验结论
在图3中使用密闭罐所获得的曲线显示在填充水平与压力降至0毫米汞柱和5毫米汞柱的时间之间良好的直线性。在衰减的初期阶段中存在一些交叉,但是曲线的趋势似乎指示衰减时间与填充水平近似地成比例。
在图3中所示的结果是针对密闭罐。如在图6中所反应的另外的工作揭示了当连接上伤口时,交叉效应明显地减少了
图4中的曲线指示在数据中存在明显的分组。由于满罐,当出现了过滤器阻塞时,压力在小于0.8秒内降至10毫米汞柱下,与治疗压力无关。当罐是接近满的但未出现阻塞的时候,到10毫米汞柱的时间是三秒或更多。如果测量的是到初始值的百分数而不是到绝对压力的时间,则这种差异可能改善。
图5证实,对于从空至500毫升的所有填充水平,衰减时间需要大量时间来从350毫米汞柱降至接近零水平。最快的衰减速率(500毫升)在四秒后降至约20毫米汞柱,且在10秒后仍在约10毫米汞柱左右。通过比较,阻塞曲线在小于1秒内降至近乎零(3毫米汞柱以下)。
在即时应用中所公开的系统和方法在现有的负压治疗系统上进行了改进,通过可靠地警告系统的使用者伤口流体罐是满的且可能必须被倒空。通过借助于阀释放流体连通通路中的压力,在此所公开的系统和方法能够测量负压的衰减。如果在流体连通通路内的负压迅速衰减,那么系统确定罐是满的并触发警报器,通知使用者罐充满了伤口流体。如果在流体连通通路内的负压缓慢衰减,那么系统确定在系统中存在应被去除的堵塞,且通过触发警报器来通知使用者。
尽管在此所论述的实施例中的许多实施例是本发明在伤口治疗的医疗领域中的应用,本发明也可被应用于其它类型的负压应用,所述负压应用包括但不限于用于医疗用途和非医疗用途的抽吸和流体收集设备。
本领域技术人员将看到,本发明可被应用于存在对提供容纳任何物质的容器的填充状态的指示的需求的许多领域中。由前述内容应明显,已经提供了具有重要优点的发明。虽然本发明仅仅以一些形式显示,但本发明不仅仅限于而是可允许各种变化和改进,而不脱离本发明的精神。

Claims (23)

1.一种检测方法,其用于检测组织治疗系统中流体的罐的填充状态,所述方法包括:
在所述组织治疗系统的流体连通通路中产生减压;
将减压施加到组织部位;
将流体从组织部位收集到所述罐中;
释放减压;
当减压被释放时,测量减压的衰减;以及
由测量出的衰减确定所述罐的填充状态。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中减压是在所述流体连通通路的至少一部分中被释放的。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述填充状态指示所述罐是满的或不是满的。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中测量衰减的所述步骤进一步包括:设定低于减压的压力阈值;
一旦释放减压,就测量所述罐达到所述压力阈值的时间;以及
基于测量出的时间,确定所述罐的填充状态。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中释放减压的所述步骤和测量衰减的所述步骤进一步包括:
释放减压一段选定量的时间;
在所述选定量的时间之后,测量在所述流体连通通路的至少一部分内所达到的压力;以及
基于所述达到的压力,确定所述罐的填充状态。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中释放减压的所述步骤和测量衰减的所述步骤进一步包括:
释放减压一段选定量的时间;
在减压释放期间,测量来自所述流体连通通路的流速;以及
基于所述流速,确定所述罐的填充状态。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中确定填充状态的所述步骤包括确定填充水平。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包括:
在所述罐的填充水平指示是满罐的情况下,警告使用者所述罐是满的。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述流体连通通路包括所述罐、源导管和目标导管,所述源导管将所述罐流体地连接到减压源,而所述目标导管将所述罐流体地连接到所述组织部位。
10.一种减压治疗系统,其包括:
罐,其流体地连接到组织部位,且配置成接纳在减压的作用下从组织部位流出的流体;
减压源,其配置成提供减压,且通过流体连通通路流体地连接到组织部位,所述流体连通通路包括源导管、所述罐和目标导管,所述罐设置在所述减压源与组织部位之间,且通过所述源导管流体地连接到所述减压源,所述罐进一步通过所述目标导管流体地连接到组织部位;
感测设备,其与所述源导管相通,且配置成感测所述源导管中的压力;
阀,其与所述源导管相通,且被配置来排出减压;以及
处理单元,其与所述感测设备和所述阀相通,且配置成:
开启所述阀一段选定量的时间;
在所述选定量的时间期间,从所述感测设备接收感测数据,以确定减压的衰减;以及
基于减压的衰减,确定所述罐的填充状态。
11.如权利要求10所述的系统,其中所述填充状态指示所述罐是满的或不是满的。
12.如权利要求10所述的系统,其中:
所述阀选择性地从所述流体连通通路的至少一部分排出减压;且
所述流体连通通路的所述至少一部分中的减压衰减被确定。
13.如权利要求10所述的系统,其中所述处理单元进一步配置成:
一旦开启所述阀,就确定所述罐达到压力阈值所需的时间;以及
使用所述时间,确定所述罐的填充状态。
14.如权利要求10所述的系统,其中所述处理单元进一步配置成:
在所述选定量的时间之后,确定在所述流体连通通路内所达到的压力;以及
基于所述达到的压力,确定所述罐的填充状态。
15.如权利要求10所述的系统,其中所述处理单元进一步配置成:确定是否堵塞存在于所述流体连通通路中。
16.如权利要求10所述的系统,其进一步包括:
第二阀,其流体地连接到所述目标导管,且配置成当第一阀开启时关闭。
17.如权利要求16所述的系统,其中所述第一阀和所述第二阀包括电力或机械驱动的阀。
18.如权利要求10所述的系统,其进一步包括:
警报器,其与所述处理单元相通,并配置成当所述罐是满的时候警告使用者。
19.一种减压治疗系统,其具有满罐检测能力,所述系统包括:
减压源,其提供减压;
多孔垫,其安置在组织部位处,且流体地连接到所述减压源;
罐,其流体地连接在所述多孔垫与所述减压源之间,以收集从所述组织部位流出的流体;
电磁阀,其流体地连接到在所述罐与所述减压源之间的导管;以及
用于确定压力衰减的装置,其用于当开启所述电磁阀时确定所述导管中的压力衰减。
20.如权利要求19所述的系统,其中所述用于确定压力衰减的装置进一步包括流量传感器,所述流量传感器与所述导管相通。
21.如权利要求19所述的系统,其中所述用于确定压力衰减的装置进一步包括压力传感器,所述压力传感器与所述导管相通。
22.如权利要求19所述的系统,其中所述用于确定压力衰减的装置进一步包括计时器,以测量所述导管中的压力达到选定的压力阈值所需的时间的量。
23.如权利要求19所述的系统,其进一步包括触发警报器的装置,所述触发警报器的装置响应于被确定为指示满罐状况的压力衰减而触发警报器。
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CN112423800A (zh) * 2018-08-03 2021-02-26 凯希特许有限公司 具有伤口体积估计的伤口治疗系统

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CA2663530C (en) 2012-08-14
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US20130123755A1 (en) 2013-05-16
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JP5748297B2 (ja) 2015-07-15
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KR20090074188A (ko) 2009-07-06
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US10765592B2 (en) 2020-09-08
US8366690B2 (en) 2013-02-05
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US20160045648A1 (en) 2016-02-18
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