CN101528293A - 施加单轴或者多轴刚度到挤出的材料的方法以及由此产生的产品 - Google Patents
施加单轴或者多轴刚度到挤出的材料的方法以及由此产生的产品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101528293A CN101528293A CNA2007800394321A CN200780039432A CN101528293A CN 101528293 A CN101528293 A CN 101528293A CN A2007800394321 A CNA2007800394321 A CN A2007800394321A CN 200780039432 A CN200780039432 A CN 200780039432A CN 101528293 A CN101528293 A CN 101528293A
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- groove
- nasal dilator
- dilator
- nasal
- described material
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- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
- Y10T428/24521—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness with component conforming to contour of nonplanar surface
- Y10T428/24537—Parallel ribs and/or grooves
Abstract
描述通过施加凹槽或者截面形状到材料的一个或多个表面改变材料的刚度属性的方法。还描述通过该方法制造的材料和用该材料制造的产品,例如鼻扩张器、包装、建筑材料和医疗装置。
Description
本申请要求于2006年8月30日提交的美国临时申请No.60/841,403的优先权权益。
技术领域
背景技术
材料加工行业已经挤出塑料聚合物片状材料多年。这样的挤出已经包括蚀刻钢辊以在塑料片挤出时压印纹理例如糙面(mate finish)到塑料片上。例如,用于汽车内部的具有“皮革状”面饰的塑料材料通过压印“皮革状”的外观到片状聚合物材料上而制成。
更近来,蚀刻或者加工辊已经用于施加更复杂的设计例如钻石形状的图案到片状塑料材料上,例如用于卡车上床衬里的那些。
发明内容
本发明涉及具有期望刚度的材料,所述刚度来源于施加到材料的一个或多个表面上的一个或者多个凹槽或者截面形状。这些凹槽可以在整个带(web)上均一连续,或者可以是间断的,从而在整个带上提供交替或者变化的刚度。本发明还涉及制造这样的材料的方法。
本发明还涉及用于通过利用本发明的材料扩张鼻部通道的鼻扩张器。所述材料优选地具有足够刚度以在当固定到鼻子时提升和扩张鼻部通道。
本发明还涉及由在此所述的材料制成的医疗装置、包装或者建筑材料。
附图说明
图1示出传统的聚合物片挤出图形。
图2a-2e是本发明的有凹槽材料的各视图。
图3a和3b是本发明的有凹槽材料的截面视图。
图4是适于挤出本发明的材料的挤出设备的图形。
图5a和5b是本发明的有凹槽材料的另一实施例的各视图。
图6a是施加凹槽到挤出的材料的过程的图形。图6b是施加粘结剂层和防粘膜到挤出的有凹槽材料的过程的图形。
图7a-7b是根据本发明制造的鼻扩张器的实施例的视图。
图8是根据本发明的鼻扩张器的另一实施例的视图。
图9a-9c是根据本发明制造的鼻扩张器的各实施例的视图。
图10a-10c是本发明的戴在使用者的鼻子上的鼻扩张器的图形。
图11是本发明的鼻扩张器的另一实施例的视图。
图12是本发明的鼻扩张器的另一实施例的视图。
图13是本发明的鼻扩张器的另一实施例的视图。
图14是示出用于梁上的点载荷的计算的变量的图形。
图15是示出用于梁上的分布载荷的计算的变量的图形。
图16是示出用于惯性矩的计算的变量的图形。
图17是沿着凹槽分开的有凹槽材料的视图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及意想不到的发现,即,施加功能、结构改变到挤出的聚合材料能够导致聚合物的几何结构的物理变化,从而提供单轴或多轴取向到片材的效果。
传统地,聚合物材料中的双轴和单轴取向通过挤出聚合物并在当聚合物冷却下来时将其拉伸而实现,其将聚合物在分子级定向在其被拉伸的方向(通常仅在加工处理方向)。对于该方法,通常需要昂贵的加工和特定的专门技术。图1示出了传统的挤出的示意性图形。聚合材料5通过挤出模制组件6泵送。当材料5离开模制组件6时,其在急冷或者压印辊7上冷却,然后根据需要进一步处理。
本发明令人惊喜地能够通过在聚合物片或者带挤出时蚀刻凹槽或者甚至间断的截面形状到聚合物片或者带中,而非在其冷却时拉伸聚合物,实现聚合物材料中的单轴取向效果。结果,可以通过物理手段产生分子重新取向的效果。而且,通过在一个方向加强材料,强度在其它方向降低,从而允许明显程度地控制挤出材料的挠由和其它属性。根据本发明,可以产生有凹槽材料的带,其中通道被削弱到特定程度,允许人员沿着通道用很小的力撕破带,而不用在通道外面撕扯,导致整齐的撕裂边缘,基本没有锋利或者锯齿状边缘。
如在此使用的,术语“凹槽”应当用于包括从凹槽的顶部视图或者截面视图来看具有任何长度或宽度以及任何外观和设计的褶皱或者通道(连续的或者间断的)。凹槽的形状、尺度和频率被优选地选取以施加期望的刚度到材料。期望的刚度能够部分基于挤出材料的类型、材料厚度、材料挠曲模量以及凹槽或者生成的带的截面设计或者外观选取。
如在此所用的,“挠曲模量”应当指在弯曲过程中在测试样品上施加的在弹性极限内的应力与在样品的最外纤维中的相应应变的比。
如在此所用的,“单轴取向”或者“多轴取向”应当指在导致分子重新取向的条件下在一个或多个方向拉伸热聚合物薄膜或者其它物品的过程。
图2a-2e示出本发明的有凹槽材料的一个实施例。如在图2e中最好地示出,材料10具有施加到材料10的表面上的至少一个凹槽12。图3a和3b示出材料10沿图2d的线x-x’剖开的截面视图。如图3a和3b所示,凹槽12包括具有用Ri示出的厚度或高度以及用X示出的宽度的脊13。凹槽12还包括一个或多个谷14,以使得每个脊13侧接在谷14的至少一个侧面或者两个侧面上,如图3b中的14a和14b所示。谷14具有底部或者基底16,其具有厚度R0和用“Y”示出的大约0.5X的宽度,尽管这些相对尺度可以根据期望的刚度改变。
能够计算凹槽的峰和谷的宽度和高度或者厚度以提供在机加工处理方向和横向方向的确切刚度。对于均一平坦的带材料,方程式为:
刚度=(Fm×T3)(1/12)
其中Fm是起始材料的挠曲模量,T是材料的厚度。
凹槽能够提供在机加工方向或者横向方向的单轴取向效果。在实施例中,其中凹槽在机加工处理方向制造到材料上,厚度(T)是凹槽的峰加上材料的基底的厚度的和,如图3所示。在横向方向,厚度为材料基底的厚度。
凹槽能够通过利用传统的挤出技术或者任何其它能够在材料中产生凹槽、截面形状或者通道的方法施加到材料上,例如通过铸造、热成型或者真空成形施加凹槽到材料中。图4示出适当的挤出过程的例子。当材料10退出挤出器20时,其被馈送到压印辊22和24中。在本发明的一个实施例中,压印辊22施加第一纹理到材料上,例如凹槽。任选地,可以通过增加另一压印辊26施加第二纹理到材料上。通过压印辊26施加的第二纹理可以与第一纹理相同,或者可以不同。第二纹理能够以与第一纹理相同的处理方向施加,或者在不同的方向,例如垂直于第一纹理施加。除了上述有凹槽纹理之外,其它适于材料的一个或多个表面的纹理的例子包括糙面纹理、织物纹理、皮革纹理以及这些纹理的组合等。
优选地,用于制造本发明的有凹槽材料的压印辊几乎完全是圆的,因为不规则不能提供通过凹槽尺度的仔细计算获得的期望属性。优选地,凹槽的尺度与期望尺度尽可能小偏差地施加到材料。如果在机加工方向布置重复设计,例如正弦波,必须小心操作以在当围绕辊圆周地布置时实现设计到自身的匹配。
凹槽能够以任何构型施加。在一个实施例中,直凹槽蚀刻到材料中。在另一实施例中,正弦凹槽蚀刻到材料中。在如图所示的实施例中的凹槽以平行或者正弦图案施加。其它图案,例如,但不限于,Z字形、扇形、槽型以及这些图案的组合,同样适合本发明。图案可以是连续的或者间断的,沿着材料规则的或者不规则的,并且可以在一个或多个位置相交以提供在相交点的额外的强度或者刚度。
凹槽的构型还能够以其它设计例如文字、图形、凸起的水印或者标志蚀刻。凹槽能够在横向方向具有不同厚度,或者能够在一个凹槽或者一系列凹槽之间具有没有凹槽的部分。具有不同厚度的凹槽的材料的例子在图5a和5b中示出。
凹槽,除了提供单轴或者多轴取向到材料之外,增加材料的表面面积,并且能够用于提供沟槽以用于施加其它材料,例如,但不限于,粘结剂、染料、药物、香料等。
适用于本发明的方法的材料包括任何可成形材料。这样的材料包括,但不限于,热塑聚合物材料,例如,丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS);包括高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)和高分子量聚乙烯(HMWPE)的聚乙烯;聚丙烯;包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和二醇改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PETG);聚苯乙烯;聚氨酯;乙烯;漆布;橡胶化合物;丙烯酸树脂;尼龙化合物;谷物衍生物或者其它生物所能分解的树脂,例如聚乳酸和聚羟基链烷酸酯;以及任何前述物质的组合,等。
除了上述可成形材料之外,可以在挤出之前、之中或者之后添加其它组分到可成形材料中。这样的组分的例子包括,但不限于,香料、药物、顺势疗法的组合物、芳香疗法的组合物、抗生剂、粘结剂、染料、杀虫剂、杀真菌剂、除草剂及其组合。
图6a是施加凹槽到挤出的材料的过程的图形。在材料通过挤出模31之后,挤出的材料30通过蚀刻压印辊32和糙面压印辊33之间。蚀刻压印辊32通过将谷压印到所述材料中而施加凹槽到挤出过的材料30。产生的有凹槽材料35然后可以卷绕到拾取辊34上。
在凹槽施加到材料之后,粘结剂层和防粘膜层可以施加到有凹槽材料的一侧。图6b是粘结剂层40和防粘膜层46施加到挤出过的有凹槽材料35的过程的图形。粘结材料通过挤出模41,以形成粘结层40。有凹槽材料35和防粘膜层46定位在粘结层40的任一侧上。有凹槽材料35定位的以使得材料35的有凹槽侧面面朝下,向着粘结层40。有凹槽材料35、粘结层40和防粘膜层46通过压印辊42,以产生层状产品45。在该层状产品45中,来自粘结层40的粘结剂与有凹槽材料35的凹槽接触或者嵌入到其中。层状产品45可以卷绕到拾取辊44上。
在材料被挤出并且凹槽被施加之后,可以进行进一步的处理。例如,有凹槽材料可以被切割或者冲压为期望的形状,并且切割片进一步处理为最终的产品。可以使用染料激光来施加期望的图象或者设计到材料的一面或者双面上。
通过利用起始材料的已知挠曲模量,可以预测产生的刚度(并做相应调节)以制造期望的产品。这样的产品的例子包括,但不限于,包装、医疗装置和消费者保健产品以及建筑材料。下面描述的本发明的一个实施例是用于鼻扩张器。
本发明能够用于制造各种类型的产品,其中产品中的一种或多种材料的刚度优选地控制和/或可控制在一定挠曲程度内。该方法可是用于制造例如撕裂产品,其需要足够的强度以在制造和分发过程中保持完整无损,但是在终端用户需要时能够轻易地分开。本发明的另一应用是压印有凹槽设计,其能然后为容易折叠为例如箱子或者边角设计的区域的开始部分。其它应用利用在一个方向相对另一方向施加不同刚度的能力。再者,如果带向后折叠在其自身上,凹槽能够制造为彼此交错。聚合物的配制物可以包括增粘剂以允许带通过面对其自身或者其它片时粘结自身。当凹槽陷入到彼此中并被加热时,凹槽的增加的表面面积能够改善边缘的热封性。
鼻扩张器
鼻扩张器已经为无数人提供缓解打鼾或者鼻子堵塞。鼻扩张器,例如美国专利No.5,533,499、5,706,800和7,114,495中所示的那些,典型地包括一个或多个弹性带。当弹性带被弯曲以使得带的末端一起移动靠得更近时,弹性带具有返回到平坦状态的趋势。当鼻扩张器固定到使用者的鼻子时,弹性带返回到平坦状态的趋势用以防止使用者的鼻部通道的外壁组织在呼吸期间吸合在一起。除了弹性带,鼻扩张器通常包括其它柔性层,以为了提高鼻扩张器的舒适性和功效。
如Johnson的美国专利No.5,476,091中讨论的,定位在弹性带和使用者皮肤之间的材料的柔性条散开扩张器的弹性所产生的分层力,该分层力否则会导致鼻扩张器不利地从使用者的皮肤分离。鼻扩张器从使用者的皮肤部分分离会导致发痒的感觉。因此,通过散开分层力,材料的柔性条实质上能够消除使用者否则将会感觉到的发痒的感觉。
如在Johnson的美国专利No.5,611,333中所述的,鼻扩张器可以还包括顶部材料的柔性条,其覆盖弹性带的顶部。顶部材料的柔性条可以被包括进来以为了有助于防止弹性带从基底材料分离。顶部材料可以同样被包括进来以为了增加鼻扩张器的刚度。
存在对改进的鼻扩张器的持续的需求,该鼻扩张器能够提供提升和打开鼻部通道所需的力,同时对于长时间的经常整夜使用感觉舒适,并且能够从使用者的鼻子轻轻地且容易地去除。
通过使用本发明的方法,可以制造一鼻扩张器,其包括通过施加一套特定的凹槽到材料中而具有特定挠曲属性的材料。该方法能够在塑料聚合物或者其它材料上使用挤出技术以使得鼻扩张器具有有效扩张鼻部通道所需的期望的单轴挠曲刚度。
为了提供足够的扩张,当扩张器初始固定到鼻子时,鼻扩张器优选地能够提升鼻部通道组织,并且在此期间优选地能够继续提升鼻部组织,而使用者没有明显的不适。在期望的使用期间结束时,鼻扩张器优选地容易从使用者的鼻子去除,使用者同样没有明显的不适。
根据本发明的有凹槽鼻扩张器优选地能够提升鼻子侧部较小和较大的鼻翼软骨结构,并且优选地还有利于前部和后部扩张鼻子的鼻孔肌肉。有凹槽鼻扩张器包括某些类型的接合装置,例如粘结剂,其位于面对使用者皮肤的表面上。优选地,粘结剂能够可去除地贴附到皮肤而不会导致皮肤过敏。在优选的实施例中,粘结剂材料是能够吸收或者传递从皮肤表面向上散发的湿气。这样的粘结剂的一个例子包括水状胶质粘结剂,其一般用于造口术袋粘结或者在外伤护理中。将水状胶质嵌入到凹槽中提供用于湿气累积的更大的贮藏空间而不会增加明显的厚度或体积到鼻扩张器的整个轮廓。有凹槽鼻扩张器能够保持就位一段时间而在当戴控制器时或者当去除扩张器时对使用者都没有明显的不适。
为了在呼吸过程中明显减少使用者鼻部通道外壁组织吸合,本发明的鼻扩张器利用具有一定刚度并直接贴附至鼻部的有凹槽材料。有凹槽材料的弹力可以减少或者消除对一个或多个弹性带例如在美国专利No.5,533,499、5,706,800和7,114,495中所述的鼻扩张器的弹性带的需求。因此,如果本发明的有凹槽材料用于鼻扩张器,可以不需要单独的弹性带。
如果单独的弹性带与本发明的有凹槽材料结合使用,有凹槽材料的刚度可以使得可能减小提供足够稳定性以及鼻部组织提升所需的弹性带尺寸。因此,当使用有凹槽材料时,弹性带可以比先前的鼻扩张器小很多,轻很多并更不明显。
本发明的另一优点是其能够通过消除鼻扩张器的整个部件也就是弹性带而简化制造。或者,如果弹性带与本发明的材料结合使用,可以使用更小更精细的弹性带,从而提供更精细调节更不明显的鼻扩张器。
图7a-7b示出根据本发明制造的鼻扩张器的实施例。图7a是鼻扩张器的透视图,图7b是示出鼻扩张器的部件的分解透视图。在该实施例中,没有使用单独的弹性带。鼻扩张器50包括有凹槽材料51。有凹槽材料51包括中间区域54和末端区域53和55。有凹槽材料51尺寸适合以使得中间区域54能够横过使用者鼻梁,而末端区域53和55能够接触使用者的鼻部通道的外壁组织。一层生物相容粘结物质52布置在有凹槽材料51的一侧上。在使用期间,该粘结剂固定鼻扩张器到使用者的皮肤。
当有凹槽材料51被弯曲以使得末端区域53和55一起移动靠近时,有凹槽材料51具有返回到平坦状态的趋势。当鼻扩张器50固定到使用者的鼻子时,有凹槽材料51返回到平坦状态的趋势用以防止使用者鼻部通道的外壁组织在呼吸过程中吸合。
鼻扩张器50可以任选地包括防粘膜56,其通过粘结物质52贴附到有凹槽材料51。如果有防粘膜的话,其在使用前去除。
根据本发明的鼻扩张器的另一实施例示出在图8中。该鼻扩张器60,类似于图7的鼻扩张器50,包括有凹槽材料51和生物相容粘结物质52。有凹槽材料51尺寸适合以使得中间区域54能够横过使用者鼻梁,而末端区域53和55能够接触使用者的鼻部通道的外壁组织。鼻扩张器60可还包括防粘膜,其通过粘结剂52贴附到有凹槽材料51。
鼻扩张器60还包括弹性带61,其定位在有凹槽材料51的任一侧上。在另一实施例中,使用多个弹性带和有凹槽材料51。当鼻扩张器60弯曲以使得末端区域53和55运动靠近一起时,有凹槽材料51和弹性带61都具有返回到平坦状态的趋势。当鼻扩张器60固定到使用者的鼻子时,有凹槽材料51和弹性带61返回到平坦状态的趋势用以防止在呼吸过程中使用者的鼻部通道的外壁组织吸合。
通过利用如上所述的有凹槽或者蚀刻聚合物材料,本发明的鼻扩张器能够通过使用挤出技术施加凹槽到材料而非常有效地制备。根据本发明的鼻部扩张器的其它实施例示出在图9a-9c中。
凹槽的尺度,与材料的属性一起,将确定挤出的鼻扩张器的挠曲刚度。通过利用本发明的方法,可以选取凹槽的尺度以在纵向方向以及横向方向最优化各向异性的挠曲属性。
凹槽可以在鼻扩张器内具有可变截面或者厚度以提供不同刚度或者弹力,其取决于凹槽在鼻扩张器上的位置。
例如,观察扩张器的侧视图,凹槽可以具有沿着扩张器的中心部分更高且沿着扩张器的边缘更短的脊。或者,可以具有一个或多个凹槽,其具有由一个或多个更短的凹槽分开的更高的轮廓,并跟随有另一更高的凹槽或多个凹槽。在另一实施例中,具有一个或多个凹槽的有凹槽区域可以邻接没有凹槽区域,或者具有施加到那些区域上的不同的轮廓。以这样的方式,材料的相对刚度和挠性能够被仔细地控制以提供期望程度的弹力、舒适度和可去除性。
鼻扩张器可以具有任何适用于鼻子或者鼻部通道上的形状。优选地,鼻扩张器具有中心区域和从中心区域向外延伸的二延伸区域。通过提供期望的弹力给鼻扩张器,可以在当延伸区域弯曲在鼻子周围时将与扩张器的潜在的平面构型有关的剥离力转变为在扩张器末端的剪切力,如图10a-10c所示。图10a中的箭头“A”示出保持鼻部通道通畅的鼻扩张器的扩张力,而箭头“B”示出将鼻扩张器保持就位的剪切力的效果。这些力的组合提供在使用过程中保持鼻部通道扩张所需的张力和提升力。优选地,当鼻扩张器的末端向着彼此定位以间隔开大约1-1.5英寸时,本发明的鼻扩张器提供大约10g-50g之间的扩张力,更加优选地,大约12g-40g之间的扩张力。在一个优选的实施例中,当在使用期间扩张器末端定位为间隔开大约1-1.2英寸时,本发明的鼻扩张器提供大约14g-30g之间的扩张力,所述使用期间可以是几分钟到数个小时,或者优选地,整夜。本领域技术人员将认识到,在使用中由鼻扩张器提供的力的量会随着扩张器的使用而变小,其中之一的原因是扩张器材料的松弛以及粘结剂的老化,因此保证在开始时和在使用期间具有足够的扩张力以保持鼻部通道通畅是重要的。优选地,扩张力在大约8个小时期间减小不超过大约20%。本发明的鼻扩张器的又另一实施例开始时提供较大的扩张力,然后在8-12小时后提升力快速下降。已经发现,特别优选PETG聚合物以长时维持鼻扩张器的足够刚度。
剪切力是用于固定鼻扩张器到使用者的鼻子的粘结剂类型的函数,因此与通过鼻扩张器提供的扩张力的量有关。优选地,剪切力足以将鼻扩张器在使用过程中保持就位,并在当期望去除鼻扩张器时能够容易地被使用者克服。
扩张器可以具有许多形状,例如美国专利No.6,029,658、6,318,362或者7,114,495中所示的那些,或者如图所示的那些。
本发明的鼻扩张器可以沿着其长轴对称,或者可以沿着其长轴不对称。不对称长轴可以有利于扩张器的正确定位,并可以提供更适于鼻子形状,从而提高在使用中鼻扩张器的扩张和舒适度。优选地,鼻扩张器沿着其短轴对称。沿着短轴对称提供在鼻子的两侧大致均一的扩张力。
在本发明的另一实施例中,用有凹槽材料制造的扩张器可以具有中心孔或者开口,其一个例子示出在图11中。该中心孔可以具有任何尺寸或者形状,并可以包括切去部分或者狭窄缝,如图12所示。中心孔可以包括超过一个孔。中心孔至少提供用户在其鼻子上定心扩张器的一种简单的方法以保证最有效扩张的正确布置。中心孔或者开口能够通过任何传统的工艺,例如通过模切鼻扩张器而制造。
本发明的鼻扩张器可以包括沿着材料的通道的一个或多个切口。通过提供这样的切口,用于制造鼻扩张器的材料的尺寸能够通过去除一个或多个纵向凹槽部分而容易地侧向调节,如图13所示。
鼻扩张器的有凹槽材料的刚度可以在挤出处理之后进一步调节。在一个实施例中,在一个或多个周边上的材料刚度可以减小以使得扩张器更加舒适并且更容易被使用者去除。刚度可以根据期望通过使用各种技术例如激光切割、水喷切割、超声波切割、电子束切割、机械打磨等去除或者打薄一部分材料而减小。
本发明的鼻扩张器可以包括如上所述的其它部件。其它部件可以在其挤出之前或者之后结合到聚合物材料中。
例如,通过提供具有在挤出之前或者之后结合到扩张器中的薄荷醇香料递送系统的有凹槽鼻扩张器,可以根据本发明制造含薄荷脑的鼻扩张器。适当的香料或者药物递送系统描述在美国专利No.5,706,800、6,244,265、6,276,360、6,550,474、6,769,428、7,011,093和7,013,889中,其全部在此全文引用作为参考。
本发明的鼻扩张器可以包括与其它鼻扩张器相关的特征或者部件,例如在鼻扩张器下面与使用者的鼻子接触的材料、覆盖物、全部或者部分粘结剂孔(void)、防粘膜或者支撑等。这样的特征和部件的例子描述在美国专利No.5,476,091、5,533,499、5,533,503、5,549,103、5,611,333、,653,224、和6,318,362中,其全部在此全文引用作为参考。
鼻扩张器挠曲刚度计算
为了最优化鼻扩张器的挠曲属性,必须基于施加到扩张器的不定载荷进行计算。鼻扩张器典型地在每个末端具有向下的载荷和在中心具有向上的载荷。由于在每个末端大约45度的偏转,必须小心使用典型地用于梁分析的方程式。
首先,可以通过利用普通梁方程式对扩张器建模,因为在此加载不是连续竖直的,但是保持绝大部分侧向。然后,在该施加的大挠曲应变的机械设计问题是材料属性和产生的轴向载荷的效果。在加载下,该轴向压缩将或多或少降低在扩张器的上部纤维的张力负载并增加在扩张器的下部纤维的压缩载荷。
将扩张器建模为具有集中载荷的梁,而不是具有分布载荷的梁,将在偏转的几何结构和在特定偏转角处所需的整体力的大小二者中引入误差。例如,比较作为在悬臂梁末端的点载荷的整体力和作为沿着梁均布荷载的整体力,导致前者为三次方的曲线,后者为四次方的曲线,其是距离中心位置的支撑点的距离的函数。在前者的末端的偏转大约小于后者的2.7倍。
尽管方程式对于扩张器末端的大偏转不是完全有效,但是本领域技术人员将认识到,用实际载荷和偏转修正加载模型。该载荷模型和相关的载荷测试方法可以用作确定本发明的有凹槽鼻扩张器的期望挠性的手段。
除了加载的位置之外,例如鼻音扩张器的梁的偏转一般与以下四个参数有关:
载荷大小
梁的截面
材料的弹性
梁的长度或者沿着梁的距离
因此,在梁的一个点上的偏转通常由以下方程式表征:
在梁上的偏转=(载荷)×(横截面测量值)×(弹性测量值)×(与沿着梁的位置有关的测量值)
这可以表示为:
y=P×(1/I)×(1/E)×(x的函数)
其中,P是力,I是梁横截面的惯性矩(第二矩),E是弹性模量,x是距支撑点的距离,其中载荷的几何结构/分布确定x的特定函数。
一旦扩张器构型被限定,几何结构值I和材料属性E可以合并为“EI”(刚度)或者1/(EI)(挠性)。然后,可以评估各种加载方案。
对于在末端横向加载的悬臂梁(具有小的偏转),在x处的偏转为
y=(Px2)(1/EI)[(I/6)(3L-x)]
其中L为梁长度。
在末端处(x=L)的最大偏转:
ymax=(P)(1/EI)[(1/3)L3]
可以参照刚度:
刚度=(1/12)(Fm×T3)
或者EI=(1/12)(Fm×T3)
再者,如果梁的横截面的几何尺寸变化,EI的值将变化。上面的方程式实际是由将简单矩形梁截面演变而来,其具有I值:
I=(1/12)×b×h3
其中b是矩形截面的侧边,h是截面的高度。
在上述简化的方程式[刚度=(1/12)(Fm×T3)]中,Fm实际为(E×b),T为h。
梁上载荷的计算
以下方程式描述梁上的点载荷或者集中载荷以及梁上的分布载荷的计算。如前面所述,尽管两种方法都不完全代表鼻扩张器上的真实载荷,但是本领域技术人员将认识到,基于这些方法的模型在确定本发明的有凹槽鼻扩张器的期望挠性方面将是有用的。图14是示出用于点载荷计算的变量x、y、L、P1、和P2的图形。图15是示出用于分布载荷计算的变量x、y、L、w1和w2的图形。
点载荷(P)的计算
为了得到在x=(3/4)L处的相同偏转:
分布载荷(w)的计算
以获得在x=(3/4)L处的相同偏转:
惯性矩(第二矩,I)的计算
有凹槽鼻扩张器的截面不是简单的矩形梁。在设计过程中的差异会明显改变I的值,从而改变梁的刚度。
特定设计的总I是相对通过复合截面区域的形心的“中性轴”进行计算。形心位置将随着各设计的截面而变化。下面示出用于从产品的“基底”到中性轴的距离(y)的方程式。还示出用于通过利用该距离确定实际I的方程式。图16是示出用于该惯性矩计算的变量h1、h2、b、b1和b2的图。
根据这些方程式,技术人员可以计算和比较具有任何特定数量的凹槽和厚度或者截面区域的梁的预计刚度。如果材料被限定,比较复合/总I的值(或者Itotal值)将是足够的。
例子1
有凹槽鼻扩张器的截面区域的惯性矩(第二矩)的确定
利用上面的方程式,如图9a所示的鼻扩张器构型的值产生如表1所示的值:
表1
L | b1 | h1 | b2 | h2 | y | I1 | ΔI1 | I2 | ΔI2 | Itotal | 实际Ptest |
mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm4 | mm4 | mm4 | mm4 | mm4 | gm |
60 | 3.34 | 0.216 | 10.00 | 0.254 | 0.179 | 0.0028 | 0.0174 | 0.0137 | 0.0069 | 0.0408 | 64.2 |
具有长度46毫米的鼻扩张器的加载目标是大约27g。在具有长度46毫米的鼻扩张器上实现该目标的成比例的Itotal是大约0.0171mm4。
表2示出一些计算值。第一行表示0.0012英寸(英制单位)的脊高度和0.0035英寸的基底或者谷的厚度。第二行示出凹槽从宽度的33%到30%的试验性减小。第三行示出减小脊的高度从0.012英寸到0.0105英寸。因为二者导致的Itotal在0.171mm4左右,二者的变化都被采用,产生0.0173in4的Itotal。具有该Itotal的46mm长的鼻扩张器上预计的成比例的载荷为大约27.2g。
表2
L | b1 | h1 | b2 | h2 | y | I1 | ΔI1 | I2 | ΔI2 | Itotal | 预测Ptest |
mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm4 | mm4 | mm4 | mm4 | mm4 | gm |
46 | 3.34 | 0.305 | 10.00 | 0.089 | 0.150 | 0.008 | 0.009 | 0.0005 | 0.010 | 0.0271 | 42.6 |
46 | 3.00 | 0.305 | 10.00 | 0.089 | 0.144 | 0.007 | 0.008 | 0.0006 | 0.009 | 0.0244 | 38.3 |
46 | 3.34 | 0.267 | 10.00 | 0.089 | 0.134 | 0.005 | 0.006 | 0.0006 | 0.007 | 0.0192 | 30.2 |
46 | 3.00 | 0.267 | 10.00 | 0.089 | 0.129 | 0.005 | 0.006 | 0.0006 | 0.006 | 0.0173 | 27.2 |
有很多构型(b的和h的)能够产生期望的I。这是找到同样符合其它设计和处理标准的构型的迭代方法的一个例子。
在本发明的图9a所示的实施例中,总厚度=R0+Ri,其中R0是凹槽的基底或者谷的厚度,Ri是凹槽的脊的厚度。在该实施例中谷的宽度限定为脊的宽度的大约一半。鼻扩张器的刚度将是有关R0的分量加上有关Ri的分量的和。基底或者谷的宽度能够简单限定为支架的提升部分的整个宽度。
利用该技术,发现可以制造适合的鼻扩张器,优选地,利用具有初始挠曲模量350,000的PETG作为聚合材料。
聚合材料可以在大约400°F温度下在受压压印辊下以大约25英尺/分钟的速率挤出,如图6a所示,然后在从大约180°F-215°F范围温度下以25英尺/分钟的速率通过受压的压印辊与粘结材料和防粘层层合,如图6b所示。在层合材料离开挤出器之后,可以进行进一步的处理,例如激光切割,以形成具有期望尺寸和形状的鼻扩张器。
优选地,粘结材料施加到材料的有凹槽表面,以使得粘结剂能够施加在每个凹槽内。在一个实施例中,粘结剂施加为部分地或者基本填满凹槽。在另一实施例中,粘结剂仅施加到凹槽的顶部。
如在此所述的,可以使用任何适当的粘结材料,例如基于丙烯酸脂的粘结剂或者水状胶质粘结剂。施加的粘结材料的量将取决于凹槽的尺度和使用的粘结剂材料的类型而变化。例如,在本发明的鼻扩张器的一个实施例中,每个凹槽用一层大约10mil厚的粘结剂例如基于橡胶的粘结剂充填。
对于没有中心开口的鼻扩张器,例如图9a-9c所示的那些,优选地,鼻扩张器的长度可以在大约35mm-60mm范围之间,该宽度可以在大约10mm-25mm范围之间,谷厚度可以在大约3mil-10mil范围之间,脊厚度可以在大约8mil-15mil范围之间。在一个优选实施例中,脊厚度为大约14mil,谷厚度为大约3.5mil,脊和谷的总厚度为大约17.5mil。
对于具有中心开口以及两提升支架的鼻扩张器,例如图11所示的鼻扩张器,长度可以在大约40mm-55mm范围之间,并且宽度可以在大约25mm-30mm范围之间,具有与上述脊和谷相同范围的厚度。
如前所述,谷的宽度优选地为脊宽度的大约一半。在一个优选的实施例中,脊宽度和谷宽度每一个都在大约0.5mm-1.0mm范围之间,尽管这些值可以部分地根据使用的材料和挤出材料的期望刚度而变化。谷宽度与脊宽度的比同样可以改变,同样,部分地取决于使用的材料和挤出材料的期望刚度。
用于鼻扩张器的有凹槽层合材料能够被激光切割以提供具有期望尺寸和形状的鼻扩张器。此外,切割材料的边缘可以被进一步处理以增加使用的舒适性和容易性。优选地,与材料的中心部分相比,该边缘的刚度减小大约85%。在一个优选的实施例中,边缘厚度从14mil减小到4mil。在另一优选实施例中,边缘厚度减小到大约2-3mil。
如上所述地制造的鼻扩张器的尺寸、形状和刚度适于在期望时间段里舒适地提升鼻部通道的组织。
在根据本发明制造的鼻扩张器的另一实施例中,不同于粘结剂材料嵌入在各凹槽中,粘结剂薄层施加到凹槽的一个或多个脊的顶部。例如,一个或多个脊能够用0.5mil厚的粘结剂例如丙烯酸脂粘结剂层涂覆。
在鼻扩张器的该实施例中,因为仅脊的顶部与使用者的皮肤接触并贴附,在凹槽和使用者的皮肤之间将有部分的或者基本打开的通道,从扩张器的一端纵向延伸到另一端,或者从扩张器的一端沿着扩张器的长度延伸到另一位置。多个通道可以彼此交错以形成“涟漪”到与使用者的皮肤接触的鼻扩张器表面。粘结剂仅施加到最顶部的“孤岛”或者由交错通道产生的脊结合部。
一个通道或者多个通道允许气体、流体或者液体,例如水、空气、油或者汗水进入或者收集在通道中,在鼻扩张器下面。因此,当戴着鼻扩张器时,通过允许聚集的人体湿气蒸发出通道,或者通过提供其中使用者皮肤分泌的油能够聚集离开皮肤表面的贮藏空间,通道可以增加使用者的舒适度。
当使用者施加水到他/她的脸部以去除鼻扩张器时通过允许水进入通道,通道可以另外地或者替代地使得更易于去除鼻扩张器。当水冲洗到鼻扩张器下面的通道内的空间时,空气能够然后从扩张器下面在由通道的位置确定的任何方向逃出。通道通过增加鼻扩张器下面的能够与水接触的表面面积,从而使得与使用者皮肤接触的更多的粘结剂失效,帮助促进鼻扩张器的去除。
包装材料
如上所述,本发明可以用于制造具有改进的处理属性的包装材料。特别地,令人惊喜地发现,通过使用在此所述的有凹槽材料,能够产生需要更小的力来撕开且没有一般塑料包装例如PVC蛤壳包装所具有的锋利或者不规则边缘的包装开口区域。在一个实施例中,通过利用本发明的有凹槽材料,可以减小打开包装所需的力大约98%。
有凹槽材料作为包装的使用可以减小需要的树脂量,有时能到大约15%-20%,从而降低包装成本和对环境的影响。与没有凹槽形式的相同材料相比,在压缩下,有凹槽材料令人惊喜地并不呈现出钝力阻力的减小。与没有凹槽的材料相比,有凹槽材料维持其对横跨凹槽撕裂的耐力,但是通过沿着凹槽的切口或者凹口开始,有凹槽材料能够安全容易地撕开,如图17所示。
有凹槽材料可以同样提供提高的挠性,使得其适于弯曲为箱子或者其它形状。
与“透明塑料”包装材料相比,有凹槽材料可以通过改变凹槽的截面外观,例如“V”形凹槽而不是正方形凹槽而制造得看上去更吸引人。此外,可以抛光蚀刻辊的通道以去除凹槽中的酸性蚀刻糙面以降低材料的不透明度,使得其更加透明。
在有凹槽材料中的通道或者谷能够用于转移流体或者气体到包装中或者从包装中转移出来,或者从通道的一端转移到另一端。
有凹槽材料能够用第二薄膜覆盖以产生槽纹塑料“纸板状”材料以为了更大的刚度。末端开口的槽纹褶皱塑料由于可能夹带脏物或者不需要的生物材料而已经不在医疗或者农业场合中使用。本发明可以用于以可重复的设计或者随机的方式压印封闭的横向支架到材料的带中。这些封闭的支架通过闭合材料的槽纹末端而发挥作用,从而消除可能的脏物或者生物学污染。
医疗用途
除了上述医疗包装应用之外,本发明的有凹槽材料能够用作铸件或者夹板中的支撑性材料。有凹槽材料能够围绕一端卷绕,然后刻划和切割到适当尺寸。材料容易切割为适当尺寸的能力使得其适于用在优先抢治的紧急或者战场情形中。再者,增粘剂例如聚(异)丁烯能够加入以允许材料在向后翻起一点或者一段后贴附到其自身。由凹槽产生的通道允许气体、流体或者液体例如水、血液、油或者汗水从与穿戴者的皮肤接触的有凹槽材料下面流入或者流出。
建筑材料
本发明的有凹槽材料能够用于制造建筑材料,例如用于特定目的地板或者片状材料。
本发明能够制造的一种类型的地板的一个例子是漆布地板。凹槽能够制造到材料的槽纹中(如上所述)并能够有利于温暖的液体或者气体通过以加热或者冷却地板。
现有的包装片难以现场处理为适当的位置和尺寸。本发明的有凹槽材料允许沿着表面例如壁或者地板展开材料到期望的尺寸,然后沿着凹槽刻划和撕裂材料。
有凹槽材料可以包括聚丁烯或者类似的粘结剂以提供材料一定程度的粘着或者粘性以有利于其使用。
抗生剂,例如抗真菌或者抗孢子处理化合物能够加入到材料的带中以用于其中需要控制湿损的情形。其它应用包括使用有凹槽材料来建立或者包含专门的“清洁室”。
驱虫剂能够加入到材料中以用于有害虫的区域,要么是作为临时防护,或是作为永久结构的一部分。例子包括DEET、Permethrin、或者Picaridin。
尽管前面的例子和实施例描述各个方面和应用,但是其并不意在限制本发明的权利要求所限定的范围。
Claims (24)
1.一种用于改变材料的挠曲属性的方法,包括施加具有期望截面形状的凹槽到该材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,多个凹槽施加到所述材料。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,通过挤出所述材料将所述凹槽施加到所述材料。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述材料具有初始挠曲模量,并且施加所述凹槽到所述材料改变所述材料的单轴或者多轴刚度。
5.一种根据权利要求1所述的方法制造的有凹槽材料。
6.一种具有期望刚度的材料,包括沿着第一方向并在所述材料的第一表面上的凹槽。
7.如权利要求6所述的材料,包括沿着所述材料的第一方向的多个凹槽。
8.如权利要求6所述的材料,还包括沿着第一方向在所述材料的第二表面上的凹槽。
9.如权利要求6所述的材料,还包括沿着第二方向在所述材料的第二表面上的凹槽。
10.如权利要求6所述的材料,其中,所述凹槽包括脊和谷。
11.一种包括权利要求6所述的材料的鼻扩张器。
12.如权利要求11所述的鼻扩张器,还包括在所述材料的所述第一表面上的接合装置。
13.如权利要求11所述的鼻扩张器,其中,所述材料具有足以提升鼻部通道的刚度。
14.如权利要求11所述的鼻扩张器,其中,当所述材料的第一表面接合患者的皮肤时,所述凹槽形成一通道,该通道能够传输物质到被鼻扩张器覆盖住的皮肤区域或者从该区域将物质传出,其中,该物质选自包括液体、流体、气体、油及其组合的组。
15.如权利要求11所述的鼻扩张器,包括在所述材料中的多个凹槽,每个凹槽包括脊和谷。
16.如权利要求15所述的鼻扩张器,其中,所述多个凹槽的第一脊具有大致与所述多个凹槽的第二脊的厚度相同的厚度。
17.如权利要求15所述的鼻扩张器,其中,所述多个凹槽的第一脊具与所述多个凹槽的第二脊的厚度不同的厚度。
18.如权利要求15所述的鼻扩张器,其中,所述脊具有在大约8mil-15mil之间的厚度,而所述谷具有在大约3mil-10mil之间的厚度。
19.一种包括权利要求6所述的材料的医疗支撑装置。
20.如权利要求19所述的医疗支撑装置,其中,当所述材料的第一表面接合患者的皮肤时,所述凹槽形成一通道,该通道能够将物质传输到由所述医疗支撑装置覆盖住的皮肤区域或者从该区域传出,其中所述物质选自包括液体、流体、气体、油及其组合的组。
21.一种包括权利要求6所述的材料的地板产品。
22.一种包括权利要求6所述的材料的建筑片状产品。
23.一种包括权利要求6所述的材料的包装产品。
24.如权利要求23所述的包装产品,其中,该材料能够在所述第一方向沿着所述凹槽的长度分开。
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-
2007
- 2007-08-30 CA CA002662018A patent/CA2662018A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-08-30 WO PCT/US2007/077313 patent/WO2008028088A2/en active Application Filing
- 2007-08-30 BR BRPI0716117-4A2A patent/BRPI0716117A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-08-30 CN CNA2007800394321A patent/CN101528293A/zh active Pending
- 2007-08-30 KR KR1020097006492A patent/KR20090050090A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-08-30 MX MX2009002195A patent/MX2009002195A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-08-30 AU AU2007289078A patent/AU2007289078A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-08-30 JP JP2009526921A patent/JP2010502310A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-08-30 EP EP07841675A patent/EP2056907A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-08-30 US US11/848,132 patent/US20080058858A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-08-30 RU RU2009111263/14A patent/RU2009111263A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
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2011
- 2011-06-20 US US29/394,694 patent/USD662203S1/en active Active
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2013
- 2013-05-15 US US13/894,941 patent/US8834514B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-08-13 US US14/458,860 patent/US20140350596A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CA2662018A1 (en) | 2008-03-06 |
MX2009002195A (es) | 2009-05-28 |
US20080058858A1 (en) | 2008-03-06 |
KR20090050090A (ko) | 2009-05-19 |
BRPI0716117A2 (pt) | 2013-10-01 |
US8834514B2 (en) | 2014-09-16 |
WO2008028088A3 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
AU2007289078A1 (en) | 2008-03-06 |
US20140350596A1 (en) | 2014-11-27 |
EP2056907A2 (en) | 2009-05-13 |
USD662203S1 (en) | 2012-06-19 |
WO2008028088A2 (en) | 2008-03-06 |
JP2010502310A (ja) | 2010-01-28 |
EP2056907A4 (en) | 2009-11-25 |
RU2009111263A (ru) | 2010-10-10 |
US20130231698A1 (en) | 2013-09-05 |
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