CN101563019B - 在外科环境中便于显现的方法和装置 - Google Patents

在外科环境中便于显现的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN101563019B
CN101563019B CN200780042221.3A CN200780042221A CN101563019B CN 101563019 B CN101563019 B CN 101563019B CN 200780042221 A CN200780042221 A CN 200780042221A CN 101563019 B CN101563019 B CN 101563019B
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light
illuminating guidewire
proximal part
distal portions
guidewire device
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CN101563019A (zh
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埃里克·戈德法布
约翰·莫里斯
约翰·Y·张
威廉·M·法克特
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Acclarent Inc
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Acclarent Inc
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Abstract

用于可视化确定置于病人体内照明装置远端部分位置的设备,其包含将照明装置的远端部分插入病人体内;从照明装置远端部分发光;照明装置的远端部分发光产生透射,其可在患者外表面观察到;以及根据观察到的、患者外表面上的透射来确定病人体内在观测到的透射之下的相关位置,从而确定照明装置远端部分的位置。

Description

在外科环境中便于显现的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明主要涉及医疗装置、系统和方法,尤其是用于微创中的方法和装置,其可减少使用荧光或其他X光照相技术显示的需要。
技术背景
头骨包含一系列通过通道相连的称为鼻窦的空腔。鼻窦包含额窦、筛窦、蝶窦和上颌窦。鼻窦内衬黏膜产生组织,并最终通向鼻腔。通常情况下,黏膜组织所产生的黏液通过称为孔的开口慢慢流出每个窦。如果其中一个通道的黏膜组织因为某种原因变得红肿,通过该通道排泄的腔将被堵塞。该堵塞可以是周期性的(导致间歇疼痛)或慢性的。阻碍这种黏液的排泄(如阻塞窦孔)可导致鼻窦内黏膜充血。鼻窦慢性黏膜充血,接着氧含量减少、微生物生长(如窦感染),这可能会损害窦的上皮细胞。
术语“鼻窦炎”一般是指由于细菌、病毒、真菌(霉菌)、过敏反应或其组合引起鼻窦的任何发炎或感染。据估计,在美国每年有1800万至2200万慢性鼻窦炎(例如,持续3个月以上的)患者去医生处就诊。患有鼻窦炎的患者通常有至少以下一些症状:头痛或面部疼痛;鼻充血或鼻后滴漏;通过一个或两个鼻孔呼吸困难;口臭;和/或上牙齿疼痛。
治疗鼻窦炎的办法之一是恢复失去的黏液流。最初的治疗通常是药物治疗,使用消炎药以减少炎症以及用抗生素以减少感染。许多患者不适合药物治疗。目前,对不适合药物治疗的慢性鼻窦炎患者的黄金标准是一种被称为功能性内窥镜鼻窦手术(FESS)的纠正手术。
在FESS过程中,把内窥镜插入鼻子,通过内窥镜的显示,外科医生可以去除病变或增生性组织或骨,并且可以扩大鼻窦孔来恢复正常的鼻窦排泄。FESS程序通常是在病人全身麻醉下进行。
虽然FESS继续是外科治疗重症鼻窦疾病的黄金标准治疗,但是FESS也有一些缺点。例如,FESS可能会导致明显的术后疼痛。此外,一些FESS过程会有明显的术后出血,因此,手术后一般将病人鼻腔填塞一段时间。这种鼻腔填塞可能会不舒服,会干扰正常的呼吸、饮食等,同时一些病人甚至在多个FESS手术后还存在症状。此外,一些FESS过程会有医源性眼眶、颅内和鼻窦损伤的风险。许多耳鼻喉科医师考虑选择FESS是仅仅针对患严重窦疾病的病人(如,那些根据CT扫描显示明显异常)。因此,患不太严重窦疾病的患者可能不被视为FESS的候选人。为什么FESS过程会流血和疼痛的原因之一是关系到一个事实即使用直的刚性杆状物的工具。为了用这种直的刚性工具对准深处的解剖区域,医生需要切除并拿掉或以其他操作方式去除任何一个可能位于该工具直接通道上的解剖结构,不管那些解剖结构是否是病理一部分。
正在开发用于治疗鼻窦炎和耳、鼻、喉及鼻窦其他疾病的许多新的装置、系统和技术。例如,在美国专利申请系列号为10/829,917题为“用于诊断和治疗鼻窦炎和耳朵,鼻子和/或咽喉其他疾病的装置,系统和方法”,系列号为10/912,578题为“用于给药和其他物质来治疗鼻窦炎和其他疾病的植入式装置和方法”,系列号为10/944,270题为“用于扩张和改变鼻窦孔和其他鼻腔或鼻窦结构的仪器和方法”,系列号为11/037,548题为“用于治疗耳,鼻,喉的疾病的装置,系统和方法”,以及系列号为11/116,118题为“用于在耳,鼻,喉及鼻窦内实施操作的方法和装置”中介绍了可用于执行微创、微创伤性耳、鼻、喉手术中的各种导管、导丝和其他装置。这些每一个应用都完整地并入本发明。这里许多新的装置,系统和技术可结合内窥镜、X光线照相技术和/或电子协助在耳,鼻,喉,鼻窦内用于促进精确定位和导管、导丝和其他装置的移动,以避免对关键解剖结构,如眼睛、面部神经和大脑不必要的创伤或损坏。
例如,在一个新的程序中(参考在本专利申请中,作为一个“经鼻窦弹性介入”或FTSI),一个扩张导管(例如,球囊导管或其他类型的扩张器)先通过鼻子到达鼻窦孔或其他位置内的某一处,而不需要切除或手术改造其他鼻腔解剖结构。然后用该扩张导管扩张孔或其他解剖结构,以促进从窦腔自然排泄。在某些情况下,导管可先通过鼻子插入并前进到达接近窦孔的地方,然后导丝可通过导管进入受感染的鼻窦。然后扩张导管可进一步越过导丝并通过导管到达某一处,在此把扩张器(如气囊)定位在窦孔里。然后该扩张器(如气球)扩张导致孔扩张,在某些情况下,这种孔的扩张可能造成骨折、移动或改变环绕或靠近孔的骨结构。视需要,在某些程序中,冲洗液和/或治疗剂可通过扩张导管的管腔注入,并且/或其他工作装置(例如,导丝、导管、套管、管、扩张器、气囊、实质注射器、针头、穿透器、切割器、清洁器、微型清洁器、止血装置、腐蚀装置、冷冻装置、加热器、冷却器、显示仪、内窥镜、光导、光疗装置、钻头、锉、锯等)可在同一个实施FTSI的程序中,被推进通过导管和/或越过导丝来进行治疗窦或邻近组织。可以理解的是,在FTSI程序中,通过上述工具,除了鼻窦以外的结构和通道可能被扩张、组织可能会被切除或消融、调整骨骼、可部署药物或药物传递系统等,这里可参考纳入本文的文件。因此,为了本申请目的,FTSI术语将被更广泛地用于所有那些程序,而不仅仅是扩张鼻窦孔。
例如,包含在鼻窦里放置导丝的FTSI程序中,导丝的放置通常是在荧光镜透视或其他X射线可视化技术下通过观察确定。在窦孔附近位置的导管的正确定位也可通过荧光透视确定。为了减少治疗过程中对病人,尤其是对执行许多这类程序的外科医生和其他人员的辐射暴露,需要消除或减少在这样的程序中使用荧光镜透视需要的方法和装置。
发明内容
提供一种照明导丝装置,包含:弹性远端部分;弹性相对较小的近端部分;在远端部分里的至少一个发光元件;并且至少一个结构从该装置的近端延伸通过近端部分和至少该远端部分的一部分,来连接至少一个发光元件和该装置近端的动力源。
至少在一个实施例中,至少一个发光元件包含至少一个照明光纤的远端,并且至少一个结构包含至少一个照明光纤就近穿过光纤远端到达该装置的近端。
至少在一个实施例中,该动力是一种光源。
至少在一个实施例中,至少一个照明导丝的发光元件包含至少一个激光光纤的远端,并且至少一个结构包含至少一个激光光纤就近从光纤远端穿过到达所述装置近端。
至少在一个实施例中,该动力源是一种激光光源。
至少在一个实施例中,至少一个发光元件包含一个发光二极管,并且至少一个结构,其包含至少一个电线电连接到发光二极管并就近延伸发光二极管到该装置近端。
至少在一个实施例中,动力源是一种电源。
至少在一个实施例中,该导丝的远端部分配置有并形成通过窦孔所需尺度的外直径。。
至少在一个实施例中,导丝的远端部分有一个小于约0.038英寸的外径。
至少在一个实施例中,导丝的远端部分有一个约0.035“±0.005”外径。
至少在一个实施例中,照明导丝有一个小于约0.038英寸的最大外径。
至少在一个实施例中,照明导丝有一个小于约0.035英寸的最大外径。
至少在一个实施例中,照明导丝有一个约0.035“±0.005”的最大外径。
至少在一个实施例中,该装置的远端部分包含一个弹性线圈。至少在一个实施例中,远端部分还包含一个向线圈内延伸的核心支撑。至少在一个实施例中,该核心支撑固定在线圈上。
至少在一个实施例中,一种核心支撑在该装置的远端和近端部分之间延伸。至少在一个实施例中,该核心支撑在远端和近端部分的全长内充分延伸。
至少在一个实施例中,该装置的远端部分包含一个弯曲,例如,该远端部分的近侧部大体上与该装置的纵轴成一直线,并且远端部分的末梢部与纵轴成角度。
至少在一个实施例中,至少一个照明光纤的远端设计成能从该装置的远端部分的末梢尖发光。
远端顶部可以被用来集中或散射光以实现最大透射。远端顶部可包含一个镜头、棱镜或衍射元件。
至少在一个实施例中,至少一个照明光纤的远端就近定位于该装置远端部分的末梢顶部。
至少在一个实施例中,该远端部分的弹性末梢部分向末梢延伸到至少一个照明光纤的远端。
至少在一个实施例中,至少一个激光光纤的远端设计成从该装置远端部的末梢顶部发光。
至少在一个实施例中,至少一个激光光纤的远端就近置于该装置远端部的末梢顶部。
至少在一个实施例中,该远端部分的弹性末梢部延伸到至少一个照明光纤的远端的远侧。
至少在一个实施例中,一个发光二极管安装在该装置远端部分的末梢顶部。
至少在一个实施例中,一个发光二极管就近置于该装置远端部分的末梢顶部。至少在一个实施例中,该远端部分的弹性末梢部分延伸到发光二极管的远侧。
至少在一个实施例中,电源是可移动的,电气地连接到至少一个结构,以给至少一个发光元件提供电力。
至少在一个实施例中,至少一个光导管把光从该装置近端部分运输到导管远端,并在该处发光。
至少在一个实施例中,每个光导管密封在该装置的近端。
至少在一个实施例中,每个发光元件密封在该装置的末梢尖。
至少在一个实施例中,快速释放连接器是安装在至少该导丝近端部分的一部分上。该快速释放连接器适合于连接到动力源,以快速连接该导丝的近端部分并从该导丝的近端部分释放。
至少在一个实施例中,快速释放连接器和光源是光耦合的。
至少在一个实施例中,快速释放连接器的近端部分适合于连接光源。
至少在一个实施例中,快速释放连接器的近端部分包含ACMI光柱。
至少在一个实施例中,当连接器连接到光通道时,相对于从光源延伸的光通道,连接器是可旋转。至少在一个实施例中,光缆包含一种液体填充光缆。
至少在一个实施例中,该连接器的远端部分包含一个设计成可滑动连接该导丝装置近端部分的开口;和设计成固定连接到连接器近端部分的快速释放锁扣机制。
至少在一个实施例中,快速释放锁扣机制可移动在其中近端部分可以在从连接器滑出断开的解锁装置,和保持近端部分连接器结合的锁定装置之间移动。至少在一个实施例中,该快速释放锁扣机制偏向于锁定装置。
至少在一个实施例中,一个不透射线标记被标在该导丝的远端部分上。
至少在一个实施例中,电磁线圈被置于该导丝的远端部分。或者,可把磁铁、射频发射器或超声波晶体置于该导丝的远端部分。
使用一种照明装置,包括一个外径被设计制成通过鼻窦孔所需要尺度的远端部分,至少一个在远端部分的发光元件,以及至少从该装置近端延伸通过近端部分和至少远端部分的一部分,以连接至少一个发光元件和动力源的一种结构。
至少在一个实施例中,照明装置包含一个照明导丝。
至少在一个实施例中,照明装置包含一个孔导引装置,并且该远端部分具有刚性或可塑性。
至少在一个实施例中,照明装置包含一个孔导引装置,并且该远端部分包含一个在远侧的球形顶。
至少在一个实施例中,照明装置包含一个窦吸工具,并且远端部分还包含一个设计成适合于抽吸的抽吸腔。
至少在一个实施例中,照明装置包含一个积木式扩张导管,其中一根积木式照明导丝向该装置扩张导管的远端的远侧延伸。
使用的照明导丝装置包含:一种所含拉长主体的远端部分具有弹性和近端部分相对缺乏弹性的导丝;至少一种光导通道延伸被拉长的主体长度,其被设计制成从导丝近端到导丝远端传递光所需要的尺度,并从导丝远端发光。
至少在一个实施例中,该至少一个光导通道包含至少一根照明光纤。
至少在一个实施例中,该至少一个光导通道包含至少两根照明光纤。
至少在一个实施例中,该照明光纤用塑料制作。
至少在一个实施例中,该至少一根照明光纤用玻璃制作。
至少在一个实施例中,该至少一个光导通道包含至少一根激光光纤。
至少在一个实施例中,快速释放连接器安装在该拉长体近端部至少一部分上,适合于连接到从光源延伸的光通道;以及得以快速连接该拉长体近端部分并从该拉长体近端部分释放。
至少在一个实施例中,快速释放连接器和光源是光耦合的。
至少在一个实施例中,连接器的近端部分包含一个被设计成光通道的相对较大内径适合于拉长体的近端的相对较小直径的锥形光通道。
至少在一个实施例中,快速释放连接器的近端部分适合于连接光源。至少在一个实施例中,快速释放连接器的近端部分包含一个ACMI光柱。
至少在一个实施例中,当连接器连接到光通道时,相对于从光源延伸的光通道,连接器是可旋转的。
至少在一个实施例中,连接器的远端部分包含一个设计成可滑动连接拉长体近端部分的开口,并且快速释放锁扣机制被设计成用来固定连接入连接器的近端部分。
至少在一个实施例中,在一个锁定装置中的快速释放锁扣机制,保持拉长体的近端与该连接器的锥形光通道的远端成一直线。
至少在一个实施例中,快速释放锁扣机制可在其中近端部分可以从连接器滑出断开的解锁装置,和保持近端部分连接器结合的锁定装置之间移动。
至少在一个实施例中,核心支撑至少在该导丝拉长体的远端部分内延伸。至少在一个实施例中,其核心支撑还在近端部分内延伸。
所使用的照明导装置,包含:一种所含被拉长的主体的远端部分具有弹性和近端部分相对缺乏弹性的导丝;一个安装在远端部分并设计成从该远端部分的末梢顶部发光的发光二极管;以及至少一根电线延伸被拉长的主体长度,其被电连接到发光二极管并就近延伸拉长体的近端的电线。
至少在一个实施例中,照明导丝装置包含至少两根这样的电线。
至少在一个实施例中,核心支撑至少在拉长体远端部分内延伸。至少在一个实施例中,该核心支撑还在近端部分内延伸。
至少在一个实施例中,不透射线的标记被标记在远端部分上。至少在一个实施例中,电磁线圈被用于远端部分。
所使用的照明导装置,包含:一种包含一个具有弹性远端部分、相对较小弹性近端部分以及连接远端部分和近端部分透明部分的导丝;至少一种安装在导丝上、通过透明部分发光的发光元件;以及至少一个从该装置近端延伸通过近端部分并连接至少一个发光元件的结构。
至少在一个实施例中,透明部分包含一个透明管。
至少在一个实施例中,透明管包含一个裁剪出的窗口。
至少在一个实施例中,透明部分包含多个连接该导丝近端和远端支柱。
至少在一个实施例中,在透明部分里的至少一个发光元件的远侧安装变流装置。
至少在一个实施例中,快速释放连接器被安装在近端部分的至少一部分上,并且适用于连接到从光源延伸的光通道,并得以快速连接导丝近端部分和从导丝近端部分释放。
至少在一个实施例中,一个核心支撑至少在该远端部分内延伸。至少在一个实施例中,该核心支撑在该近端部分内延伸。
和照明导丝一起使用的快速释放连接器,包含:一个有近端部分和远端部分的主体;一个在远端部分内且向主体远端开口的通道,其中通道被设计制成能滑动连接照明导丝近端部分所需要的尺度;以及一个快速释放锁扣机制设计成采用锁定状态和解锁状态,其中当处于锁定状态时,快速释放锁扣机制固定通道内照明导丝的近端部分。
至少在一个实施例中,快速释放锁扣机制偏向于锁定状态。
至少在一个实施例中,当把照明导丝的近端部分插进通道,近端部分连接到快速释放锁定机制的一部分,推开该部分,使近端部分滑进通道。
至少在一个实施例中,快速释放锁扣机制包含一个锁臂,其延伸进入通道并且部分延伸出鼻腔,其中延伸出鼻腔的部分可手动伸缩,可把锁臂从锁定状态转变成解锁状态。
至少在一个实施例中,快速释放锁扣机制至少包含两个环绕在连接器主体远端部分周围的锁臂。
至少在一个实施例中,该快速释放锁扣机制包含尖嘴钳。
至少在一个实施例中,该连接器的近端部分适用于连接从光源延伸的光通道。
至少在一个实施例中,该主体近端部分和光源是光耦合的。
至少在一个实施例中,该主体近端部分包含一个被设计成光通道的相对较大内径适应于照明导丝近端的相对较小直径的锥形光通道。
至少在一个实施例中,该主体的近端部分包含一个ACMI光柱。
至少在一个实施例中,当连接器连接到光通道时,相对于从光源延伸的光通道,连接器是可旋转的。
在充分阅读下述该装置、方法和系统详细资料后,所属领域的技术人员可清楚地了解本发明的特征。
附图说明
图1为一个病人根据现有技术,正在接受导管微创内窥镜系统的治疗。
图2A至2D通过人体头部部分径向截面图,展示了使用鼻窦导管进入副鼻腔一种方法的一系列步骤。
图3显示位于鼻窦导管侧面的观察仪。
图4根据本发明实施例显示的一种照明导丝。
图5显示具有弯曲形状的导丝的远端部分。
图6为一种导丝远端部分的横截面图,展示一种固定在线圈上的核心支撑。
图7显示包含照明光纤光纤束导丝装置的横向截面图。
图8显示一种根据本发明另一种实施例的照明导丝。
图9是一个图8所示的导丝远端部分横截面图。
图10显示根据本发明另一实施例的照明导丝。
图11说明一种可能包含在图10所示装置中的另一透明部分。
图12说明另一种可能包含在图10所示装置中的另一透明部分。
图13A说明一种包含光耦合到光源的快速释放连接器的照明导丝装置。
图13B是一个图13A中装置的截面图,其中快速释放锁扣机制处于锁定状态。
图14A说明一种可选择的快速释放连接器。
图14B说明安装在照明导丝近端部分上的图14A的连接器。
图15说明另一种可选择的快速释放连接器。
图16说明另一种可选择的快速释放连接器。
图17A-17B通过人体头部部分冠状截面图,展示了治疗朝额窦打开的窦孔一种方法的一系列步骤。
图18说明了例如图3所示的一种情况,观察仪已插入尽可能深而不对病人造成严重创伤。此外,图18显示了一种照明导丝向显示仪光照的极限范围延伸,以有效扩大显示仪的照明范围。
图19说明了非限定例子:可在一种照明导丝装置内放置一个或多个过滤器。
图20A示意地说明螺旋装入旋转遮光器的连接器。
图20B是一个说明图20A所示遮光器的平面图。
图21显示可用于进入鼻窦孔的额窦孔引导装置。
图22显示了一种窦吸装置,其被设计成从外科手术区域,如额窦,排出血液和/或其他液体。
图23显示一种积木式扩张导管120,其包含一个伸长的、弹性导管杆状物,其上有气囊。
具体实施方式
在描述本装置和方法前,当然本发明不限于其所描述的特定的具体实施例,因为后者肯定会发生变化。也应了解这里所用的术语仅仅用于描述特定实施例,且不希望受此限制,因此本发明的范围只能由附属的权利要求限定。
在给定的值域中,对于下限单位的1/10,当然在该值域的上限和下限之间的每个中间值会被明确显示。在任何标示值或者在标示范围内的中间值和其他任何标示或者在标示范围内的中间值之间的每一个较小值,被包含在本发明中。在该域内这些较小域的上下限可被单独包含或排除,并且在较小域内包含任何一端或两端都不包含或两端都包含的每个域也被包含在本发明中,特别是在标示域中任何一个明确被排除的端点。其中该标示域包含一端或者两端界限,不包含可选择的一端或者两端界限的域也被包含在本发明中。
除非另有定义,所有在本文件中使用的技术和科学术语,其涵义与用本发明所属领域的技术人员的理解的一样。虽然可以在本发明的实践或试验中用和本文描述类似或相当的方法和材料,但是所提方法和材料仍是首次。合并这里涉及到的所有公告来公开并描述与所引用的公告相关的技术和/或方法。
必须指出的是,除非文中另有明确指定,本文件和附属权利要求中的“一”、“一”(用于元音开头的词前)和“一”(特指)单数形式均包括复数形式。因此,例如,涉及到“一个管子”包含多个这种管子,并且涉及到“该杆状物”包含涉及一个或多个杆状物,以及那些所属领域的技术人员认为的相等物等等。
这里讨论的公告仅供本申请提交日前的公开。这里没有任何内容可以被认作是对本发明不早于此类在先发明公告的承认。此外,所提供的公开日可能和实际公开日不同,这可能需要个别确认。
如图1展示,根据现有技术,接受导管微创鼻窦手术的患者。可用于显现的AC臂透视1000,首先介绍装置1002(例如,鼻窦导管,导管或引导管),第二介绍装置1004(例如,导丝或伸长探针)和工作装置1006(例如,气囊导管、其他扩张导管、清除器、刀具等)。在直接显现下引入鼻窦导管、导管或引导管1002,通过荧光镜1000显现和/或从内窥镜显现把导管或引导管1002的末端置于接近需要治疗的鼻窦孔的区域。
接着,插入导丝或伸长探针(1004)通过导管或引导管(1002),并向远端前进延伸导丝或伸长探针的末端通过要治疗的鼻窦孔,接着进入鼻窦孔对着的鼻窦。正确定位一般包含导丝或伸长探针末端的前进或者收回,在荧光镜透视下,直到显示确认导丝或伸长探针末端被正确放置在医生认为合适的鼻窦位置,相对于在荧光镜下的患者头部的其他特征。
一旦导丝或伸长探针1004被正确放置,然后在已经插入相邻导管或引导管1002的荧光镜透视1000和/或内窥镜(未显示)下,将工作装置1006越过导丝或伸长探针(1004),从而把工作装置1006的工作末端定位在要进行手术的目标位置上。一般来说,导丝或伸长探针在手术过程中保持不动。在相同类型的显示下,工作装置的工作末端被激活,然后进行预定的外科程序。如果使用扩张导管,横置于鼻窦孔的位于导管1006末端部分的气囊将会变大。正如上述详细描述,这一膨胀使得鼻窦孔张开并使适量的黏液可以流动。
在预定外科程序结束后,工作装置1006停止工作,并从患者身上撤回。之后,剩下的装置将被全部取回。
通过使用上文描述的装置和方法,至少可以简化或取消在荧光镜显示下放置导丝/伸长探针的需要。进一步来说,在一些手术环境中,所有荧光镜显示的需要都可以被取消。
应了解,本发明装置和方法与进入扩张或改变鼻窦孔或者其他耳、鼻、喉内的通道有关。与其他外科或非外科手术治疗可单独或共同使用这些装置和方法。包含但不限于分娩或设备和药物的植入以及在申请中的美国专利(序列号为10/912,578)中描述的其他实质。
图2A至2D是穿过人体头部的部分径向切面图,显示使用鼻窦导管进入副鼻窦的方法的各种步骤。如图2A所示,首先是鼻窦导管1002中的介入装置通过鼻孔和鼻腔1012介入到达离蝶窦1016孔1014较近的区域。鼻窦导管1002可以是直的、可延展的,或者可连接一个或多个预制成型的曲线或弯曲,如公告号为2006/004323、2006/0063973和2006/0095066的美国专利所描述),例如,上述每一个都完整地以引用的方式并入本文中。在具体实施方案中,鼻窦导管1002是弯曲的,此弯曲偏转角最大角度可达135度。
如图2B所示,插入包含导丝10的第二个介入装置通过第一个介入装置(例如,鼻窦导管1002)并向前延伸,因此,该导丝10的远端进入蝶窦1016穿过蝶窦孔1014。
如图2C所示,通过导丝10引入工作装置1006,如气囊导管,并且向前延伸装置1006远端进入蝶窦1016。之后,如图2D5所示,工作装置1006被用于进行诊断或治疗程序。在此特例中,如图2D所示,该程序是扩张蝶窦孔1014,其中装置1006的气囊膨胀扩大蝶窦孔1014。程序完成后,鼻窦导管1002、导丝10和工作装置1006将被撤回移除。应了解本发明也可以用来扩张或修改任何鼻窦孔或其他人造或自然形成的鼻子、鼻旁窦、鼻咽或毗邻区域内的解剖开口或通道。所属领域的技术人员还应注意到,在本专利申请中所描述的本程序或任何程序中,操作者可以再插入其他类型的导管,而且导丝10可以是易操控的(如可扭转的,随意变形的)或者可成形的或者可延展的。
图2B-2D显示了在虚线上的一个可选择的显示仪1008,其可以插入以显示鼻窦导管1002的前进并/或其可以和鼻窦导管1002并排插入以显示工作装置1006全部或者至少一部分。应该理解该可选择的显示仪1008可以包含任何一种相配类型的硬性或者弹性内窥镜,并且这样的可选择的范围可能独立于或组合于本发明的工作装置和/或介入装置之中,正如在申请中的美国专利申请所述(申请序列号还未取得,代理人案卷号ACCL-003PRV)标题为“鼻内内窥镜方法与装置”,一并提交,并且这里以引用的方式并入本文中。
虽然显示仪1008可以用于减少或消除在放置鼻窦导管1002和/或通过工作装置1006进行透视操作过程中的荧光镜透视的需要,这并不能说明能有效显示鼻窦内部(例如蝶窦1016或者其他相关的窦);因此,其不能提供足够的影像反馈用于导丝10进入预定的鼻窦(如前窦,或者相关的鼻窦)以及不能提供足够的影像来纠正导丝10进入预定的鼻窦的位置。
此外,基于穿过鼻窦通道的自身特殊构造得以到达目标鼻窦孔,由于其物理性限制(例如外径,刚性程度等),显示仪1008可能不能显示所关注的鼻窦位置的深度。如图3所示,其中显示仪1008尽可能地伸入而不引起患者明显不适。依照示意图所示,本例照明显示的最大范围没有延伸孔1020的全部方向,正如从显示仪1008远侧延伸的光线1009所示。在本例中,通过显示仪1008,进入孔1020内的导丝10的充分照明的显示是不可能的。此外,如果鼻窦导管1002物理上能够向更深末梢延伸将其远端置于鼻窦孔1020附近,显示仪1008也不能充分显示这个。因此,在本发明之前,就需要荧光镜或者其他X射线透视这些程序,为了保证该装置接近(并延伸通过)相应的鼻窦孔1020而不是另一个附近的开口,如开口1024。
为了克服这些问题和其他问题,本发明的导丝装置10包含自行发光的功能。通过照亮导丝10的远端,依照透视法惯例,导丝10穿过鼻窦通道,经过鼻窦孔并进入窦腔。透视法借助于穿过身体部分或组织的壁的光的经过之处。因此,当导丝10放置在鼻窦内时,从导丝10上发的光穿过面部结构,并似乎在患者的皮肤上出现一个发光区域。如图3所示,应该注意的是从显示仪1008上发的光,例如,导致包括透视在内,但是在区域内所产生的发光是更扩散更大。由于导丝10上的光源可以更接近所插入的结构的表面(例如,鼻窦表面),该透视效果变得更亮更集中(例如,范围内更小)。此外,导丝10的移动能够通过之后产生在患者皮肤上的透视点的移动被跟踪。
如图4所示根据本发明的一个具体实施例的照明导丝10。装置10包含一个弹性远端部分10d,其具有与标准的非照明型导丝弹性相似的弹性。远端部分10d可能包含作为延伸部分的线圈10c,有助于该部分形成预设的弹性。装置10的近端部分10p有足够的长度,使得装置10总能就近伸出患者(并且,当插入穿过其他装置,例如鼻窦导管,就近从该装置穿出进入导丝10所插入的地方中伸出),包含装置10远端能到达的最深位置。该近端10p可以有明显的标识,更适合于等间距放置,使用者可以通过显示来确定导丝10在患者体内的位置。近端部分10p也具备使导丝能正常运作所必需的机械性能。这些机械性能包含扭矩性,即能在患者体外的某一位置扭转近端部分10p,并把这个扭矩传递给远端部分10p;推送性,即足够的刚度,这样,当操作者从患者体外的某一位置推近端部分10p,推力传递到远端10d,使得在不弯曲装置10的情况下推进远端部分10p;以及抗张强度,这样,操作者能够从患者体外的某一位置拉近端部分10p,并在无任何明显塑性变形或装置解体的情况下从患者体内收回把装置10。
例如线圈10c可由不锈钢丝制成。金属丝线圈的直径大概可以在0.004英寸和0.008英寸之间,通常约为0.006英寸。或者制作线圈10C的材料包含但不限于: 或其他生物相容性钴-铬-镍合金、镍-钛合金、或其它已知具有类似特点的生物相容性金属合金。此外或者,远端部分可包含用任何上述材料制作的编织状金属架构来代替线圈。
近端部分10p的外套可以用聚酰亚胺护套、连续线圈(可选择的嵌入聚合物或上覆的聚合物)、海波管(例如,不锈钢海波管)、激光切割海波管、电缆管,或由(尼龙树脂)或其他医用级树脂制造的管来制作。在任何上述情况中,该结构必须满足该装置要求的扭矩性,推送性和张力性要求。
在此例中,线圈10c通过焊接、环氧树脂或者其他粘性或机械结合连接到近端部分10p。在装置10里有一条或者多条照明通道10i,并延伸照明通道10i长度得以从装置10近端传递到光导装置10远端之外。在此例中,使用两条照明通道线路,每条通道包含一条塑料照明光纤。根据已知和现有的技术,用于制造照明光纤的塑料具有传输光的特性。例如,ESKATM(三菱人造纤维),可以使用一种高性能塑料光纤,其具有高纯度有机玻璃(PMMA)核心和经特殊选择的透明氟聚合物覆层的薄层的同心双层结构。在实施例中,每条照明光纤的外径约为0.010英寸。照明光纤的外径尺寸范围约为0.005英寸至0.010英寸。或者,可以使用单根外径约为0.020英寸的塑料照明光纤10i。此外或者,可使用外径更小得多的玻璃照明光纤,例如约0.002英寸。在这种情况下,在一束中可以使用更多照明光纤,例如,可以使用约六至五十条玻璃纤维10i。
装置10远端被透明(或半透明)封条10s密封,封条10s可以是环氧树脂或其他透明或半透明的胶粘剂或密封材料的形式。封条10s把照明光纤10i的远端和装置10的远端固定在一起,并给装置10设置一个防创伤性的尖端。此外,封条10s阻止异物进入装置10。该远端可以设计成用来聚焦或者分散从其发射出的光,以实现最大的透视效果。就这点而言,远端可以包含镜头、棱镜或其他衍射元件。
装置10的近端也被透明(或半透明)的封条10ps密封,封条10ps可以由环氧树脂或其他透明或半透明的胶粘剂或密封材料制成。封条10ps把照明光纤10i的近端和装置10的近端固定在一起。可能通过进一步研磨和抛光来制备装置10的近端,以改善带有光源的装置10近端表面的光学性能。在近端和远端之间的照明光纤10i一般不需要固定,并且通常也是不固定的,因为不需要这些光纤的映射,由于装置10仅仅提供照明,不像使用内窥镜具有的显示功能。此外,通过保留照明光纤在近端和远端之间的自由移动,相对于类似装置这增加了装置10总体的弹性性和可弯曲性,但其中内部固定照明光纤10i。
装置10的外径尺寸范围约在0.025英寸至0.040英寸之间,通常约在0.030至0.038英寸之间,并且至少在一个具体实施例中约为0.035“±0.005”英寸。至少,装置10的远端部分10p有一个包含在内的核心支撑10cw。如图4所示例中,核心支撑10cw是一种固定在近端10p上的金属丝,例如通过激光焊接、环氧树脂或其他粘合剂或机械固定装置。核心支撑10cw可充分延伸到装置10的整个长度。总之,核心支撑10cw通常是由不锈钢NITESFOL(镍钛合金)或其他生物相容性镍钛合金,钴铬合金,或其他具有必须的刚性和扭矩性的生物相容性金属合金制成。如图4所示例中,核心支撑10cw可以是金属丝的形式,或者可以用任何上面提及的相同材料或材料混合物编织。如核心支撑10cw是金属丝形式时,其可以被打磨成不同直径,以获得不同值的刚度和扭矩能力。当形成编织物时,形成编织物可以在径向上有不同值的刚性和扭矩能力。例如,核心支撑10cw近端部分的外径比在远端部分大,所以它更具刚性并从装置10的近端传输更多扭矩;而在远端的部分,相对来说,核心支撑10cw更具弹性和可弯曲性。对于核心支撑10cw延伸穿过近端部分10p,靠近装置10近端的核心支撑部分可能有一个更大的外径。
核心支撑10cw显著增加了线圈10c的推送能力和扭矩能力,线圈10c其本身是相当有弹性和可弯曲的。结合核心支撑10cw,远端部分可更有效地传输推送和扭转而没有卡扣和翘曲。此外,如图5所示例中,核心支撑10cw可以可塑性变形或可塑性记忆成弯曲状。如图5的箭头所示,弯曲10b具有控制性能,允许操作者通过该装置的纵向轴方向的扭矩装置在不同的方向上控制装置10b的末端。在一些实施例中,在操作过程中可通过操作者操作该弯曲,与显示仪1008结合该弯曲特别有用,由于通过显示仪观察,使操作者明白需要插入或者沿着与该装置纵轴的直线方向调整的偏移角操作导丝10。在一些实施礼中,导丝10没有核心支撑或核心金属丝。在这些实施例中,外护层(如线圈,电缆管,激光切割海波管,编织状聚合体管等)为扭矩、推送性和张性提供支持。没有核心支撑/核心金属丝的优点是导丝的整个内径被用来填充照明光纤。
如上所述,照明光纤可在装置内自由地呈辐射状移动。此外,相对于装置10,没有必要把装置10的照明光纤10i放置在中心,甚至在该装置的远端和近端。图6是装置10远端部分的截面图以显示固定在线圈10c上的核心支撑10cw,照明光纤10i在核心支撑10cw边上,但并不固定在核心支撑10cw或者线圈10c上。
图4所示的该装置的塑料或玻璃纤维10i通常被用来传输来自光源的光,如一种用于手术室中使用的内窥镜的光源,如氙光源、卤素光源、金属卤化物光源等。或者,装置10可以被用来传输来自其他光源的光,如激光光源,其中激光光纤10f可被上述照明光纤代替,并且如图7的横断面图所示,在光纤束中延伸穿过装置10。像照明光纤10i,光纤束可以增加装置10的坚硬度(在弯曲运动和扭矩运动中),从而提高装置10的跟踪能力,操纵和其他扭矩。
图8说明照明导丝10的另一个具体实施例。在此例中,通过其上有聚合物层的线圈在外形上形成装置10的近端部分,但是上述的其他装置都可被代替。在此例中,昭明由位于装置10远端的高强度发光二极管提供。装置10的近端可以用诸如环氧树脂或者上述有关图4中装置10的近端部分(如所示)的其它选择的,以防止牵拉与发光二极管连接的金属丝10iw,以及封住该装置的近端。由于装置10的近端不发光,故不需要打磨和抛光
在推送性、扭矩和张性方面,图8中装置10的性能与图4中装置10的性能极其相似。图8中的装置10不需要照明光纤或者激光光纤。相反,一对绝缘导线被电连接到发光二极管10id终端上(未显示),然后在装置10内延伸超过装置10的长度,得以朝接近装置10近端的方向延伸。金属丝10w的活动末端设置成连接功能类似于电源的动力源,以传输电能给发光二极管10id使其发光。图9是图8中装置10远端部分的横截面图。在此例中,核心支撑10cw呈核心金属丝远端的扁平状或者本技术领域中已知的刨光带状形式,其延伸在两根金属丝10w之间。图9也说明了覆盖在每根金属丝上的绝缘层。
这里描述的任何一种装置10,可以可选择地包含一个或多个不透射线标记和/或在该装置10和/或其他装置顶端的电磁感应线圈,来提高荧光透视系统、手术影像导航系统(IGS),或其他显示系统的可视性。
图10是一个可选择的装置10的设计,其中光从该装置远端近侧发出。此结构可能使用上述多种光传输方式中的任何一种(例如,照明光纤,激光光纤,发光二极管)。近端部分10p可用上文描述有关装置10其他实施例的任何一种方式来制造。远端部分10d包含一个透明的近端部分10dp,该部分套在该装置10近端部分10p的末端上。透明部分10dp允许从发光元件10i或者10id发出的光穿透透明部分所在的装置10。因此发光元件10i或者10id终止于装置10远端部分的近端部分10dp。末梢的透明部分10dp,装置10的远端部分10d的远端部分10dd作为松软的导丝导管或者尖端延伸。在按照有关图4所描述的方法中,该松软的导丝导管或者尖端可能包含缠绕部件10c并可选地包含核心支撑10cw。照明光纤发出的光将通过透明部分10dp自然地分散。可选地,变流装置11,如凸镜形状(例如抛物线状或其他凸起)或其他反射表面可由装置10的照明光纤/发光部分10i、10id的末稍形成,使从透明部分发出的光发生偏移。此外,或其他可选择的照明光纤10i可能与其远端部分成一角度,来操作从透明部分发出的光。
此结构可能有利于进一步保护照明发射器10i、10id免受到体内杂质,以及避免因照明发射器碰撞体内组织而形成的损伤。此外,此类松软的导丝导管10dd可能比位于该装置远端上的照明发射器所在的装置更具弹性和可操控性。
透明部分10dp可能是一种透明的塑料或玻璃一体管,或其中可能有开口或窗口10t(见图10的局部视图)。或者,透明部分可能由许多支柱10st形成,圆形分布从而使装置10的远端松软尖端10dd和近端10p相互连接(见图12的局部视图)。或者,元件10st可以交叉在一个十字形笼的类似结构中或其他笼形结构。在这些可选择的结构中,元件10st可以是透明的,但并不是必需的,并且其可用非透明材料制成,如金属或不透明的塑料。
装置10能便于连接动力源和从动力源拔出,从而运行附加装置,为在操作中布置导丝10和/或其他装置提供照明,分开的可以将另一装置从其一活动近端滑到导丝10上并重新粘附来提供照明,例如协助越过导丝10的装置引导/显示。
图13A和13B说明一个连接器20的实施例,其被设置为使用照明光纤10i或激光光纤10f的照明导丝10的快速连接和断开。连接器20连接到光源1030上,如传统的内窥镜光源,或其他通过连接器20能够较好地传输至少10000lux的光源。光缆1032把连接器20光连接到光源1030从而把光从光源1030传输到连接器20。光缆1032可以是可选择的一种充液光缆,例如使用DYMAX公司的BlueWaveTM200型和ADAC Systems Cure SpotTM型光缆。一种充液光纤包含一个在塑料管内的光导液相穴。该液体是无毒、不易燃和透明270-720纳米。该充液光缆的末端可用高质量的石英玻璃密封并且和被塑料套管环绕的金属螺旋管覆作为外部保护。
连接器20包含一个近侧通道、狭槽或孔22,其内径或圆周在近端部分10p比在近端部分10p的装置10的外径或者圆周稍微大一些。一个快速释放锁扣机制24被连接器20用来锁闭或者开启装置10。一种快速释放锁扣机制24用于锁定和解开连接器20里的装置10。当没有插入导丝10时,快速释放锁扣机制偏向于图13B所显示的锁定状态,其中装置24的锁定部分24a被推入通道、狭槽或孔22,并甚至可能靠着通道、狭槽或孔22对应的壁。锁定装置例如,锁定装置24可能是偏向于锁定状态弹簧加载装置。此外,锁定装置24可包含一种球和制动器装置,或者其他临时锁定方法手段以保持锁定装置24的锁定结构。此外,可以用相似的装置临时固定锁定装置24临时在如图13A所示的解锁结构中。或者,可以使用锁定机制,例如枢轴锁、臂等锁定装置,其在锁定定位或者解锁定位之间手动调节;或者其他本专业领域里的技术人员认为显而易见的装置,如夹住装置的轴环硅树脂阀。
一般光缆1032的内径通常比照明光纤10i的内径或者组合内径更大。因此,连接器20的近端部分使有一种锥形或者漏斗形的通道26,其近端内径和光缆1032的内径几乎一样或者略大,然后此内径逐渐变细直到远端内径,比照明光纤内径或者组合内径相同或者略大,或者和装置10近端外径相同或者略大。光缆1032一般有一个直径通常比容纳在照明导丝10里的照明光纤束粗。因此,胶带26用于在光缆1032内较粗光纤束和导丝10内较细的的光纤束之间的过渡。通过这种设置,从光缆1032传输的光被集中或聚焦到一个大多数光可通过照明光纤进行传输的通道,。
把装置10插入连接器20,操作者把快速释放锁扣机制24收回到图13A所示的开口位置。如果快速释放锁扣机制24具有一个上文提及的临时锁定机制,那么快速释放锁扣机制24可被临时固定在图13A所示的方向上,而无须操作者保持其开启状态。否则,操作者将在按图13A所示位置中,使连接器24保持开启状态。接着,把装置10的近端插入通道、狭槽或孔22,然后滑向连接器20的近侧,直到装置10近端紧靠通道、狭槽或孔22的近端。然后,操作者释放快速释放装置(在实施例中,没有临时锁定机制来维持在开口结构中的快速释放)或者从临时锁定的开口结构处释放,从而通过上文描述的设置的快速连接锁定机制24,使锁臂24a向装置10的近端部分10p前进。锁臂24a相连装置10,并且使装置10处于锁臂24a和通道、狭槽或孔22相应内壁之间的压缩下,使用足够的力量防止装置10从连接器20滑落,即使装置10的末端尖是在垂直方向上竖直朝下。非强制性地,锁臂24a还可通过气囊和制动装置或者其他临时装置,被临时锁定在一位置上。为了把装置10从连接器20上移开,快速连接锁扣机制24重新设置成如按图13A所示的开口或者解锁趋势,并且该装置将向连接器的远侧滑动直至脱离连接器20。
图14A-4B在左侧382说明一种连接器20其包含快速释放锁扣机制24。在此例中,两个或更多锁臂24围在连接器20远端周围。如图14A所示,锁臂24偏向于关闭或锁定装置。例如,当安装到连接器20并处于中间状态时,锁臂24可由弹力弹簧钢、镍钛合金或者弹性塑料制作,并按照图14A所示的结构制作。通过抓取来简化安装装置10到连接器20上,并且通过快速释放锁扣机制来提供临时锁定功能。装置10的近端简单地插入两个或多个锁臂24之间。锁臂24包含斜或凸表面24b,其引导装置10沿着24b进入连接器20中,并且由于装置10被推向表面24b,锁臂24偏离进入开口,如图14B所示的偏向结构。偏压/弹性的锁臂24在装置10的轴上施加压缩力,通过临时锁定表面24a,使得装置10被夹住并固定在图14B所示位置上。如需推装置10,用足以克服表面24a产生的压缩力和摩擦力的力,操作者只须简单地把装置10拉除,同时保持连接器20的相对稳定。然后,弹力臂24恢复到图24A所示的未偏压结构。可选择地,表面24a可涂上或者包含一层摩擦增强表面,如橡胶或其他弹性体,和/或使其表面粗糙,如经滚花或其他表面粗糙技术处理。
如图14A-14B所示例中,光缆1032年的内径和装置10的近端的直径大致相同,因此,锥形通道26不是必需的。但是,对于某些其中更粗的光缆1032的安排,正如当使用常规内窥镜光源1030的一般情况,连接器20可使用与上述图13A-13B所述的实施例中相关的锥形发光通道26。
图15是一种连接器20的纵向截面图,其可快速和导丝装置10连接和分开,而且其也可以和手术间通常使用的标准光源电缆相连和分开。因此,连接器20具有如下两种功能:作为连接普通内窥镜光源通道或电缆适配器;以及作为快速释放锁定连接器以和导丝10近端部分连接和分开。的
连接器20的近端使用一种灯柱28,其被设置成同从普通内窥镜光源延伸出的光缆的末端上的连接器配对使用。例如灯柱28可以是一种ACMI灯柱(ACMI公司)或者其他通常用于连接内窥镜和手术室光源的标准的连接器。由于从手术室光源延伸出来的光缆内径通常比装置10照明光纤的内径或内径束更大,且大于导丝10近端直径,连接器20的近端部分包含如上图13A所示的锥形或者漏斗形通道26。
此例中,快速释放锁扣机制24包含一种夹子24c,其和锥形通道26的末端一起被安装在装置10近端的中心。一种螺纹帽24d与位于连接器20机身上的螺纹24t咬合,因此当螺纹帽24d朝推进螺帽24d接近连接器20机身方向旋转时,螺纹帽24d的内斜或凸表面24e压在夹子24c的外斜或凸表面24f上,从而像钻柄一样工作并且把夹子24c夹在装置10的近端部分,保持装置10处于接近连接器20的位置。插入装置10,把螺纹帽24d从上文描述的相反方向旋转打开夹子24c内通道24g的远端开口,到比装置10近端外径更大的尺寸,从而使装置10能容易地滑动穿过通道24g直到装置10的近端靠近夹子24c的近端部分或近似位置。然后旋转与连接器20机身相应的螺纹帽24d,从而夹紧装置10在位置上,如上所示。可通过相对连接器20的反方向旋转螺纹帽24d来移去装置10,因此可松开装置10上的夹子24c的夹力,之后装置10就可以容易地从连接器20上移开。连接器20的零件可由金属制成,如不锈钢或者其他生物适合性金属或者耐温热聚合物。
当连接器20连接到光缆1032的远端连接器时,灯柱28可相对于光源130的光缆1032,旋转。当与此设置中的连接器20连接时,允许在使用但在光缆1032中不产生严重扭曲或者旋转的反作用力的过程中旋转装置10。如灯柱28所示中,光缆1032的插座(未显示)连接灯柱28且置于凹槽28g中,然后该插座就能相对灯柱28旋转。图16是连接器20的纵视截面图,其与上述图15描述的连接器20相似。相对于放置在图15中的连接器的主体近端部分,在图16的实施例中的一个不同的地方是,锥形光管26位于灯柱28中。但是,在此两例中他们的作用是相同的。
现在轮到图17A-17E,对部分头部断面图的说明,通过展示方法各个步骤的人的头部,用来处理开口朝向所示额窦的孔。本文描述的方法以及所有其他在此披露的方法也可以包含一套清洗或灌洗鼻内解剖结构鼻窦鼻咽部或附近组织,但是包含但不限于冲洗伤口和抽吸。清洗目标结构的步骤可以在诊断或治疗程序之前或之后进行。本发明的方法可能还包含一个或多个准备步骤来预备鼻子、鼻窦,鼻咽部或附近组织,如用血管收缩剂(例如,0.025-0.5%的苯肾上腺素或盐酸羟甲唑啉(去氧肾上腺素或羟甲唑啉)喷洒或灌洗从而引起鼻腔组织收缩,一种抗菌剂例如聚维酮碘(优碘)等来清洗组织。
如图17所示,一种在鼻窦导管1002中的引入第一个介入装置穿过鼻孔并穿过鼻腔1012到达离额窦1036的孔1034较近的位置。由于鼻窦导管1002可如前面描述或者可参照附带申请中的描述。鼻窦导管1002的优势是用显示仪观察插入鼻腔1012并尽可能地靠近鼻窦孔1034前进,而不引起那里组织的严重损伤。
一旦外科医生确定鼻窦导管1002的远端被放置在足够接近鼻窦孔1034的位置,连接在任何上述技术所描述的光源上的照明导丝10,插入且穿过鼻窦管1002并在其中前进,见图17B。显示仪发出的光可能会形成透射,该透射可被用来确定鼻窦导管1002处于正确位置,甚至在导丝10的顶端伸出鼻窦导管1002末端之前可以用该透视确认。然而,当导丝10的尖端伸出鼻窦导管1002的末端时,特别是当导丝10的发光部分到达或者接近一个预定目标表面,例如鼻窦的内壁,时,会产生更显著的透射效果。当导丝10前进时,患者脸上的透射呈发光点状,其随着装置10远端移动而移动,这样,就能可视化追踪装置10的发光部分的位置而无需使用X光成像,例如使用荧光镜。
然而,当装置10的发光部分接近鼻窦孔1034时,在额窦1036上方的患者前额的处可能会有发散性透射,当发光部分通过鼻窦孔1034并进入额窦1036时,位于前额上的光点的直径会更亮更小(更聚焦),如图17C所示。当装置10进一步前进,发光部分接近并接触到额窦1036的壁时,发光点将更明确和明亮。此外,如上所述,可显示透射点的移动得以跟踪确定导丝10在额窦范围内移动,这是由外科医生根据其对接受治疗患者的特殊生理构造的认识来确定的。在这点上,在该上述程序开始之前,外科医生可以预先获得并研究CAT扫描或其他鼻窦解剖图像,从而通知专业外科医生或个别患者有关个别患者的鼻窦解剖结构,当通过透视显示,其可能有利于追踪、确定导丝所处的位置。
一旦准确定位,装置10的近端与连接器20断开,同时把导丝10留在当前位置。一种工作装置1006,如一种气囊导管,穿过导丝10,然后向前推进,使装置10的近端延伸超过装置1006的近端。然后把装置10连接连接器20,光将再次从装置10远端部分的发光部发出。因此在无X光的情况下,当工作装置1006朝鼻窦孔1034前进且工作装置1006的球囊延伸穿过鼻窦孔时(见图17D),能可视化确认导丝10的远端部分仍正确处于额窦1036内。用显示仪和/或荧光镜,可以观测到工作装置1006的工作远端(远端部分)。
一旦工作装置1006被确认处于正确的位置,工作装置1006将被用来执行诊断或者治疗程序。在此特例中,该程序是通过膨胀相应的球囊来扩张额窦孔1034,从而扩大该孔1034。然而,应了解本发明也可被用来扩大或修改鼻窦孔或者其他人造或自然的,位于鼻内、副窦、咽喉部或者附近区域里的解剖学开口或通道。此外,根据这些相同技术,也可插入和使用其他工作工具。在该程序结束后,鼻窦导管1002、导丝10和工作装置1006将被收回和移除,程序结束,见图17E。
在图17A-17E所描述的上述程序中,或者在其他把鼻窦导管、引导导管或导向套管置于鼻窦通道里的程序中,照明导丝装置10也可被用来便于显示和定位鼻窦导管1002。如图18所示的情形,如同上述有关图3的描述,显示仪1008尽可能插入更深的位置,而不引起患者重大损伤。在本案例中,可视范围并不一定延伸到鼻窦孔1034的所有方位,通过发出的光线1009从显示仪1008的远端延伸来示意性说明,。在本案例中,通过显示仪1008给予鼻窦导轨1002的足够可视性可能刚刚达到所示光线1009的延伸程度。因此,如果鼻窦导管1002柔软到足以更接近鼻窦孔1034,那么通过显示仪1008得到对移动的足够可视化。也就是说,如果鼻窦导管1002物理上能够向更远端延伸并将其远端接近鼻窦孔1034,显示仪1008对此没有足够的可视化。然而,如图18所示,通过插入照明导丝穿过鼻窦导管1002,额外的照明可用于显示仪1008的照明范围的远端上,这个额外照明可以被显示仪1008接收而能够提高装置10的照明部分的可视化,并且只要视野是直通的,甚至有可能扩大装置10的照明范围,因此,通过使用这种技术的显示仪1008,可以更深的显示鼻窦导管1002的前进,而且有可能直至鼻窦孔1034。
此外,这种技术可用于显示导丝10的定位,直至到达并进入预定的鼻窦孔1034。或者,该步骤可在没有鼻窦导管1002的情况下完成,其中插入导丝10,除了导丝10发出的光之外,通过显示仪1008发光的协助,显示仪1008可以显示导丝10进入目标鼻窦孔的位置。
在显示仪1008被用于显示以及插入照明导丝的程序中,从显示仪1008单独发出的光,可以产生一些目标鼻窦的透视。然而,该透射会扩散且在患者皮肤上显示一个相当模糊、大范围的透射。当插入照明导丝并前进,如前所述,当导丝的发光部分进入鼻窦时,会显示一个更小、更亮的透射点。此外,甚至在进入鼻窦前,在导丝10前进时,从导丝发出的光将产生一个移动的透射点,相对于任何一种显示仪灯产生的扩散透射,这也有助于帮助确定导丝远端部分的位置。
如果导丝10进入了一个不同于目标鼻窦孔的鼻窦孔(如图18显示的鼻窦孔1035),也可能依靠视线通过显示仪1008观察。然而,即使不是这样,通过显示在患者脸上的不同位置,进入不同于目标鼻窦的鼻窦而产生的透射将是很明显的。同样,如该例中所示,在经过相对小的鼻窦孔135指向的鼻窦空间转向和弯曲前,导丝10不能通过鼻窦孔135插入很深。因此,通过追踪导丝10产生光点的移动,由于经过一个非常小的空间转向导丝,然后通过目标额窦1036表征,外科医生可以确认导丝10被错误定位。
因此,通过在上述方法中使用一种照明导丝装置10,可以减少使用荧光镜或者其他X光显示设备,在一些案例中,不需要确认导丝的正确位置。
在其他鼻窦中也可实施类似步骤。例如,如上图17A-17E所示,可在打开或扩张一个朝上颌窦开口的孔中实施类似步骤。在此案例中,当照明导丝装置10通过开口朝向上颌窦的孔并进入目标上颌窦时,可以观察到一个相对亮、小、明确的透射点穿过患者的脸颊区域。当导丝10沿着上颌窦向更远伸入时,上颌窦往往在相应颅骨下方延伸,而且上颌窦的下壁非常接近患者的上颚。因此当导丝的发光部分接近和/或碰到上颌窦的下壁时,在朝患者的口腔里看,可以观察到在患者的口腔顶部有一个透射点。同时,由导丝产生在脸颊上的透射点将变小或根本看不见。口腔顶部的可见性将进一步确认导丝已进入上颌窦。在导丝10前进和/或撤回时,也可以观察到透射点在口腔顶部的移动。
为了确定导丝的方位,应注意,制造透射效果时一些光的波长可能更有效。因此,为此可以选择可视光的特殊波长。或者,红外线波长可能特别有效。在这点上,使用照明光纤的导丝可以配备一个滤波器12来限定装置10发出光的颜色/波长。如图19所示,滤波器12可以在照明光纤的远侧安装,如装置10的末梢尖端,在照明光纤的近侧安装,如装置10的近端,或者连接器20内部的光通道。一个或多个这些地方可以安装一个或多个滤波器。对于使用一种发光二极管发光元件的装置10,可以使用不同颜色的发光二极管来发射不同波长的光。对于使用激光光纤的装置10,可以使用不同种类的激光来发射不同波长的光。
导丝10可拥有的另一种任选功能是发射滤波光或闪烁光。闪光产生的透射可以和其他光源,如内窥镜,产生的扩散的透射相区分,因为本案利中导丝10产生的透射会在亮和暗之间剧烈闪烁或变化。为了产生这种光线,把一个有滤波能力的光源连接到装置10或者有类似功能的连接器20上。如上面具体实施方法所述,当使用激光光源或者发光二极管作为发光体,根据电子光学领域已知的技术,可以电子产生闪烁或者滤波效果。如图20A所示,装有旋转遮光器27的连接器20上旋转装入,因此叶片27v和叶片之间的间隙27g(见图20B所示)相继与光通道相连穿过连接器20来交替发光并阻止光穿过连接器20,并且,当连接装置10,则最终穿过装置10。可使用电动机29来推动旋转遮光器27,电动机29可以由电池驱动或者连到手术室的电源上,并且使用者可以通过制动器31来控制电动机,即可用来开启、关闭电动机以及可选择的调整其转速。或者,旋转遮光器可设置成叶片27v延伸穿过连接器20内的狭槽,由此,使用者可以手动旋转旋转遮光器从而使从装置10发出的光闪烁。
根据有关照明导丝的上述任何一个或者全部特征,其他插入鼻窦,或者至少是放置在鼻窦孔的工具也可拥有发光能力。如图21所示为一个额窦探测器100工具,其可以用于进入鼻窦孔。例如,探测器100的长度可在175毫米至250毫米之间(所示例子中为208毫米),并且在其一端或者两端有一个球形尖。图21中,当通过上述透射效果推进装置100时,在探测器100的一端或者两端有发光体104,其可用于定位装置100的末端。例如,通过发光二极管、照明光纤或激光光纤,可得到发光体104。该工具的一端或者两端可包含光纤束或按照上述方法来连接光源或者动力源的电线。
图22是吸引窦工具110,该工具被用来排泄从目标手术区域,如额窦、蝶窦或者其他窦流出的血液和/或其他液体,从而提高手术过程的可视化。工具110包含拉长轴116,该轴远端开口,通过吸引腔末端112来输送吸引。或者,该轴116的远端可以有发光体114,它可以是用如上所述方法来发光的发光二极管或者一个或多个照明光纤。轴116被设置并满足插入鼻窦通道和鼻窦的尺寸。工具110的近端部分可包含光纤束118或者按上述方法来连接光源或动力源源的电线。
图23是一个整合的金属扩张导管120,其包含一个拉长、有弹性的装有个气囊128的导管轴126。导管轴126的近端附有一个路厄插孔122.该路厄插孔122可附有一膨胀装置(未显示),并可用来膨胀或缩小气囊128。一个不可拆卸、完整的引导元件124伸出且超过导管轴126远端。引导元件124可延伸贯穿导管轴126整个长度,并向其近端延伸,如图23所示。近端部分设置有照明光纤的抛光近端,如上所述,或者有一根或多根朝其近端延伸的电线,以连接电源把电源传输给如发光二极管。如图23所示,在完整的引导元件124的末端尖可载有一个发光体125,根据任何上述的任何一种不同的具体实施方案,该发光体可以是一个或多个发光二极管或者一条或多条照明光纤。或者,根据上图10所描述的方法,靠近引导元件124远端尖部放置发光体125。此外或者,引导元件可能不能延伸穿过导管126整个长度,或者不能完全靠近气囊元件128。在这些案例子中,发光体可以是一个发光二极管,其中金属丝可穿过或沿着导管126的边,并进入引导元件124连接发光二极管。另外或者,如果发光体125包含一条或者多条照明光纤,该照明光纤可能朝引导元件124的近端延伸,并就近穿过导管126,其中他们没有被电线结构中的外层包覆环绕。
在一个针对成年人的首选具体实施方案申请中,气囊导管120的总长约为43.5厘米,其轴126的外径约为0.058英寸。在待决申请序列号为11/438,090,申请日为2006年5月18日,标题为“带有不可拆卸引导元件的便于治疗鼻窦炎的导管”中,可以找到有关完整的按本文所述方法载有发光体的金属丝扩张导管的进一步细节。据此,申请序列号为11/438,090的申请完整地被引用于本申请中。
尽管有关本发明的特定具体实施例已在本文中阐述,所属领域的技术人员应该理解,在不背离本发明的实质和范围的情况下,采用不同的修改或者用同类物代替。此外,根据本发明的实质、精神和范围,为了适应特殊情况、物质、物质成分,加工、加工步骤或多个步骤,,可以做出许多修改。所有这些修改都已在本文所附的权利要求中。

Claims (15)

1.一种照明导丝装置,包括:
柔性远端部分和近端部分;
在所述远端部分中的至少一个发光元件,以及
至少一个从所述装置的近端延伸穿过所述近端部分和所述远端部分的至少一部分以将所述至少一个发光元件与动力源相连接的结构;
其中所述装置的所述柔性远端部分包括透明的近侧部分;并且
由所述发光元件发射的光能够穿过面部结构并表现为病人的皮肤上的透照点;
其中所述照明导丝装置进一步包括核心支撑,并且所述核心支撑在所述远端和近端部分之内延伸,并且其中所述核心支撑在所述近端部分具有比在所述远端部分更大的外直径;
并且其中所述照明导丝装置进一步包括被安装在所述近端部分的至少一部分上的快速释放连接器,所述快速释放连接器适宜于被连接到所述动力源,并且适宜于快速地连接到所述近端部分以及从所述近端部分快速地释放,所述快速释放连接器具有临时锁定机制;
其中,所述照明导丝装置包括若干照明光纤,所述若干照明光纤能够在所述装置内自由地径向四处移动,并且所述照明光纤位于所述核心支撑邻近处,但是不被固定到所述核心支撑上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的照明导丝装置,其中所述动力源是光源。
3.根据权利要求1所述的照明导丝装置,其中所述至少一个发光元件包括至少一个激光光纤的远端,并且其中所述至少一个结构包括所述至少一个激光光纤,所述至少一个激光光纤从邻近所述远端而伸展到所述装置的近端。
4.根据权利要求3所述的照明导丝装置,其中所述动力源是激光光源。
5.根据权利要求1所述的照明导丝装置,其中所述远端部分具有外径,所述外径被配置和形成为穿过窦孔所需的尺寸。
6.根据权利要求5所述的照明导丝装置,其中所述远端部分具有外径,所述外径小于0.038英寸。
7.根据权利要求5所述的照明导丝装置,其中所述装置的最大外径大于0.025英寸并且小于0.040英寸。
8.根据权利要求1所述的照明导丝装置,其中所述远端部分包括柔性线圈。
9.根据权利要求8所述的照明导丝装置,其中所述核心支撑在所述远端和近端部分的整个长度内延伸。
10.根据权利要求1所述的照明导丝装置,其中所述远端部分包括弯曲,以便所述远端部分的近侧部分与所述装置的纵轴对齐,并且所述远端部分的远侧部分相对于所述纵轴成角度。
11.根据权利要求1所述的照明导丝装置,还包括可移动地,被电连接到所述至少一个结构的电源,以将电力提供给所述至少一个发光元件。
12.根据权利要求2所述的照明导丝装置,其中所述快速释放连接器与光源光学耦合。
13.根据权利要求2或12所述的照明导丝装置,其中所述快速释放连接器的近端部分适宜于与光源连接。
14.根据权利要求12所述的照明导丝装置,其中当所述连接器被连接到光缆时,相对于从所述光源延伸的所述光缆,所述连接器是可旋转的。
15.根据权利要求14所述的照明导丝装置,其中所述光缆包括充液光缆。
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