CN101623206B - 缝合设备的夹头及其与缝合针的组合结构 - Google Patents

缝合设备的夹头及其与缝合针的组合结构 Download PDF

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CN101623206B
CN101623206B CN2009101317164A CN200910131716A CN101623206B CN 101623206 B CN101623206 B CN 101623206B CN 2009101317164 A CN2009101317164 A CN 2009101317164A CN 200910131716 A CN200910131716 A CN 200910131716A CN 101623206 B CN101623206 B CN 101623206B
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sewing needle
suture material
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约翰·C.·米德
尼尔·G.·戴尔欧杰海瑞
杰尔拉德·I.·布莱希尔
詹姆士·H.·布莱克
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Abstract

本发明公开一种用于缝合设备的夹头,包括:具有第一端和第二端的弧形机架,所述第一端和第二端由所述弧形机架的壁上的开口分开;和在所述弧形机架的壁上的轨道,所述轨道支承缝合针。

Description

缝合设备的夹头及其与缝合针的组合结构
本发明是申请日为2002年4月22日、申请号为028119541、发明名称为“外科线缝合的设备”的发明专利申请的分案申请。 
技术领域
本发明涉及一种进行组织缝合的外科设备。尤其涉及一种可在手术过程中操控缝合针和缝合材料的缝合设备,以及使用这种缝合设备进行组织缝合的方法。 
背景技术
缝合被广泛的使用于外科应用中,这包括合拢断裂的组织、软组织附着、吻合手术及移植器官结合等。以缝合断裂组织为例,传统情况下是由外科医生使用带有缝合线的弧形缝合针来完成的,缝合针一头尖另一头钝,缝合线连接在针的钝头,缝合过程中医生将缝合针的尖端穿过切口组织的节段,使缝合针跨过切口。缝合针以手工方式拉出切口组织节段时,缝合线也跟着穿过由缝合针穿出的弧形轨迹,通常在缝合线的尾端打个结来固定第一个针脚。重复进行这种操作,利用针的张力拉紧缝合线,这样一针一针缝合下去使整个切口组织的节段被缝合到一起。 
例如:通常的剖腹手术,包括如剖腹产的妇产科(OB-Gyn)过程,会在肋膜上开一条较大的开口(典型的长度为8英寸或稍多一些)。在多数的整形手术中,如整个臀部的移植,会在两条肋膜上切开更长的开口,在皮肤缝合之前,肋膜上的开口是必须要缝合的。手工缝合肋膜是一个常规的、重复性的、耗时的过程,典型的腹部开口缝合需要20来分钟的时间,在臀部移植手术中,开口的缝合要花更多的时间。由于手工缝合冗长乏味而且缝合速度很大程度上依赖于外科医生的技术水平,因此在其它的应用中,替代性的机械缝合设备包括装钉器(stapler)、骨锚(bone anchor)和以缝合为基础的动脉结合设备代替了手工缝合。另外手工缝合过程中要使用象镊子之类的工具来操控尖锐的缝合针,缝合过程中由于针的滑动或者操作者的疏忽会产生缝合针刺破乳胶手套的意外,使医生、护士、工作人员及病人面临感染的威胁。此外直接触 摸缝合针会使之受到病原菌的污染,这会引起缝合口的感染。手工缝合还存在着缝合针刺破肠道的危险,这通常是致命的。 
然而,为克服上述缺点所设计出的缝合设备要么是过于复杂和昂贵,要么是难以使用或者在缝合区不能实现精确控制,都难以被接受。例如,美国专利第4,557,265号所列出的设备就是因为缝合方向是固定,所以没有被实际应用。前人所设计的缝合设备的另一个局限性是在缝合过程中不能对缝合针和缝合过程进行主动控制。这种单一模式的缝合方式会使缝合针脚过松或过紧,从而导致病人过量失血或撕破被修复的组织。 
美国专利第5,437,681和5,540,705号介绍了一种能够主动控制缝合针并且能够保持单一针脚的缝合设备。所介绍的设备在操作时要求象握剪刀一样握紧,并由医生的拇指进行操作,这种设备运用带动包裹在圆筒中的一根直的驱动杆转动的类似于关节的机械装置转动,驱动杆反过来带动包裹在一个镶嵌于圆筒远端的一次性夹头(disposable cartridge)中的缝合针在通过组织的缝合过程中旋转前进。然而这个设备在以下几个方面限制了操作的效率:(1)驱动杆和缝合针的转动方向与握柄垂直,这使设备很难操控;(2)由于包裹驱动杆并通向缝合针夹头的圆筒不具备敞开结构,因此在缝合手术中,使用者无法看到缝合针及其运动。由于设计的本意是不让操作者观察到缝合针,所以使用者在进行连接破损组织的操作时很难精确的把握缝合针的前进位置;(3)缝合过程中进针的频率,针脚的尺寸和均匀性有必要由操作者进行控制,但在某种程度上,这种关节似的传动机构是令人失望的。这种装置在均匀的针脚,、缝合过程中的组织穿透和缝合前进都存在困难,而且这些完全依赖于操作者的技术水平。 
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种紧密地模仿了医生在缝合手术中的缝合动作的缝合设备。本设备的使用非常方便,而且在操作过程中向操作者提供了比以往机械缝合设备更有利的视角。并且在各种缝合过程中能持续控制针的运动、前进和缝合线的使用,因此防止了缝合过程中缝合材料的缠结。 
本发明介绍的缝合设备的一个优点是它能够在缝合组织的过程中以类似于手工缝合的方式操纵缝合材料。特别的,这种装置首次使用了在尾部推动缝合针而在头部将其拉出的方式进行缝合。当缝合针被推出缝合组织时,这个装置能夹住针的头部将剩下的部分和缝合线拖拽出来,如此,缝合针能够始终如一的沿着自己的弧形轨迹,在多数无创伤性的组织缝合中这是缝合的最佳方式。另一个优点是对每一个针脚缝合针能够将缝合线完全的拉出缝合组织。本发明也涉及一种具有被包覆式夹头保护的缝合针的缝合设备,缝合针不会暴露在外面,也不会被操作者直接接触,因此排除了由于疏忽而引起的刺破。由于夹头成为了肠道和缝合针之间的隔离物,因此这个设备的结构也可以防止由于疏忽而引起的缝合针刺破肠道。 
本发明中的缝合针做成适合于夹头的形状,因此可抽取式的装配在缝合设备的远端。本发明进一步提供了驱动手段、连杆和驱动部件,这为缝合针提供了一个扭力,使缝合针在缝合过程中能够向前穿透组织而不会产生疏忽回缩。 
与传统的外科缝合手段相比,这种缝合设备具有几个优点:这是一个手持的具有相对简单机械结构的设备,这一设备不需要外部动力;对医生来说,它的操作相对简单,而且只需用一只手进行操作,因此医生可空出一只手来移开妨碍缝合的组织、碎屑以及生物液体,并且省去了在其它手动缝合过程中常用的针托、抽针镊子以及其它的工具;此外,这种缝合设备可以改变长度、端部(tip)、缝合针、缝合线以及缝合针夹头的尺寸,使之能够适用于传统的打开式外科手术和象穿过天生孔洞或小切口的无创伤手术和低创伤手术。另外,缝合头既能够导向任何所需的方向也能够固定在一个单一的方向上,或者通过关节联结的手段使之能够在多个方向上移动。 
本发明上述的和其它的显而易见的优点在后续的具体介绍中会详细说明。本发明包括结构特征、元件的组装和部件的排列,这都将在下面的详细介绍中举例说明。 
本发明中的外科缝合设备为用户提供了一个类似于手枪似的把手,包括圆筒部件和从圆筒的近端延伸出的手柄。圆筒部件既包括直线形的结构也包括非直线形的结构,这包括直的、曲的和角形的结构,当然也 不仅限于此。圆筒部件包括几个中空的部件,这些不需要永久连接的部件可通过一个或多个万向接头将其连接起来,这样使部件能够互相分开。夹头把持器通过多个支撑臂被可拆卸的连接在圆筒部件的远端,能够容纳缝合针和缝合线材料的一次性夹头被可拆卸的固定在夹头把持器上。 
一次性的夹头通常包括一个带开口的圆环形护盖,开口在护盖的远端或工作端的侧壁上。一个有锋利尖端的弧形缝合针被可滑动的装配在护盖远端的环形轨道上,其位置与护盖上开口的位置相对。缝合针与有线源的缝合材料或缝合线的一端连接,线源可以是既能完全置于夹头内,也可置于夹头之外的线轴。弧形缝合针的弧形半径大概等于在开口处夹头护盖的半径。缝合针通常处于轨迹上的初始位置,即弧形针的开口与夹头护盖的开孔相互对准的位置。缝合针的尖端位于护盖开口的一端而且在开口的边界之内,因此尖端通常受到夹头护盖的保护。缝合针的钝端与缝合线相连,位于开口的另一端。因此缝合针的尖端完全的包裹在夹头内,不会突出,也不会暴露出来。 
根据本发明,易于装配的缝合针由一种装配在圆筒部件上的可旋转的驱动机构驱动,缝合针能够从初始位置开始绕圆筒部件的中心垂线做接近360°的旋转。这种旋转运动使缝合针的尖端向前穿过夹头护盖并横跨开口。当缝合设备在待缝合的切口组织节段处定位并使组织处于开口的合适位置时,缝合针穿透切口组织节段并跨过其间的切口。缝合针连续的旋转运动带动缝合线从一侧组织穿入,而后向上从另一侧组织穿出。缝合线沿着缝合针形成的弧形轨迹以跨过切口的一个针脚将两旁的组织绑缚在一起,驱动机构将缝合针从尾部推入组织,从头部将其拉出组织,这是一种与手工缝合相同的缝合方式。另外本发明提供了在缝合材料末端进行固定的方法以防止缝合材料被完全拉出被缝合组织。这种固定方法有:预先打结或封闭的环、缝合线上打的简单的结或连接在缝合针上的双股环形的缝合线。 
缝合针夹头内针的旋转运动是通过使用者操纵缝合针驱动器来完成,使用者用一只手通过握住象手枪把手一样的握把来使用此设备,用至少一个手指来操纵一个触动杆。缝合设备包括一个大约位于把手旁边的触动杆,当触动杆被触动时,一个驱动机构会驱动一个包覆在由万向 接头连接的圆筒部件中的驱动杆,使驱动杆产生旋转运动,进而使缝合针旋转前进。因此,将带有缝合针夹头的设备置于待缝合部位,并跨过切口,然后推动触动杆,这样由使用者操纵的设备能够进行连续缝合或间断缝合,从而省时地封闭切口。 
本发明中缝合针的夹头一次性地装配在夹头把持器部件上,把持器部件抽取式地装配在有万向连接头的圆筒部件的末端。夹头把持器由从圆筒部件上延伸出的几个支撑臂来支撑。支撑臂的细小结构使得医生在缝合手术过程中能够清晰的无障碍的观察到缝合针及其在组织中的进程,因而能够精确的定位这个设备从而获得一致的缝合线,而且避免了由于将设备置于切口的边缘而在缝合过程中将组织撕破。本发明的设备沿着切口前进一小段距离,然后重复上述的过程用缝合材料缝出下一个包括缝合材料的针脚。这个设备可以以受控制的拉力自动地穿过缝合组织将缝合线完全拉出,因此模仿了医生的手工缝制动作,从而在不撕破缝合组织的情况下拉紧了前一个针脚。可选择地,医生可以通过缝合针的通道在针脚的上部用手拉紧缝合线。 
操作者继续操作这个缝合设备,缝合针沿与前进方向平行的轴作旋转运动和前进运动,这两种运动交替进行就可以在切口的整个长度上缝制出连续的针脚或者一些列间断的针脚。每缝制一个针脚,设备都会施加一个拉力来拉紧缝合材料,这样最终的缝合结果是在整个切口上,缝合线是整洁的而且拉力是均匀的。这样的缝合使破损组织在一定的拉力下被缝合在一起,将失血和撕破组织的可能性降低到最低。 
象在下面要详细描述的一样,缝合针驱动器由医生单手握住,用这只手的一个或几个手指进行操纵。缝合设备包括一个在机能上与内部齿轮匹配的用手指操纵的操纵杆,这也是设备末端手柄的一部分。这使得医生能够省时有效的缝制连续的针脚、一系列间断或不间断的针脚,从而在最短的时间内缝合组织切口。 
本发明的缝合设备另外还包括相关的缝合线管理系统,它与缝合针驱动器相连,在缝合针的转动过程中控制或处理缝合材料或缝合线。例如缝合线管理器的滚筒能将缝合线从缝合针的轨迹上移开,避免了缝合针再次进入轨道时挤压缝合线。这样将缝合过程中缝合线混乱或挂断的可能性降到最低。缝合线管理器也可以包括一个机械装置使之能够在缝 合过程中可以控制缝合线的给出。 
在使用本发明的设备时,不需要使用象针托、捡针镊子或类似的辅助设备来完成缝合过程。而且这个缝合设备可以根据具有万向接头的圆筒的长度、角度、圆筒部件之间的角度以及支撑臂的数量和形状来构造。缝合针的尺寸、缝合针夹头、夹头开口及开口的位置都可根据具体的打开式的手术来进行调整,这些常规性的手术包括象关闭肋膜、皮肤缝合、软组织附着、吻合手术和网孔、移植器官及其它人工材料的固定等。这个设备也可以设计成在长的刚性或可随意调整方向的柔性杆末端的很小的工作端,使这个设备能够应用于无创伤手术,象通过内窥镜进行的手术,包括腹镜,胸腔镜和关节内窥镜,也可用于低创伤手术。 
除了上述的优点外,本发明的设备结构相当简单而且造价低廉。因此这种缝合设备无论是在连续缝制还是在间断缝制中都具有广阔的应用前景:如螺旋形装订、床垫、钱包口的缝制,切口的封闭、移植等类似的方面。 
附图说明
下面将参考附图对本发明作进一步讲解,多个图中相同的结构使用相同的数字标出。我们把侧重点放在展示本发明的工作原理上而不是泛泛的讲解,因此附图没有按照比例画出。 
图1是本发明缝合设备的示意图,所示缝合设备包括夹头、夹头把持器部件、驱动杆部分、万向接口部件、套管和具有驱动扳机的驱动手柄几个主要组件。 
图2是驱动杆和万向接头以及与其连接的缝合设备功能端的一个具体设备的局部图,包括推动器、夹头组件和由边上的驱动机构操纵的夹头。 
图3A是缝合设备功能端的局部图,包括有或无套管的万向接头组件。图3B是包括套管的同一部件的图。 
图4A、4B和4C分别是单个万向接头、万向连接器和一组万向接头的放大图。 
图5是具有30°角的万向接头套管的透视图。 
图6是包括一对支撑臂和一个驱动杆部件的夹头固定部件的具体结构图。 
图7A和7B是缝合针夹头的一个具体结构的从两个视角观察的视图。 
图8A和8B是弧形缝合针的两个具体实施方式视图,缝合针具有缝合线卡口而且可由侧驱动机构驱动。 
图9是夹头内的内缝合线管理滚筒的透视图。 
图10是包覆在夹头内的“制止转动”销的透视图。 
图11A是刺爪的透视图。图11B是包括含有夹头把持器支撑臂的推动器的透视图,刺爪处于合适的位置。 
图12是夹头把持器内的缝合针与和支撑臂部件交叉点的分解图。 
图13是与夹头把持器匹配的缝合针相关结构的分解图。 
图14是缝合设备第二个具体实施方式功能端的分解图,由一个包括驱动杆部件、推动器、夹头把持器和夹头(图15-19示出)的后部驱动机构驱动。 
图15A是具有夹头把持器部件的推动器的透视图,包括一个装配在上面夹头,这个夹头包含一个能容纳缝合线的缝合线机构。 
图15B是包含夹头把持器部件的推动器和包括弧形缝合针的夹头的透视图,缝合针由后部的驱动机构驱动。 
图16是具有缝合线卡口的缝合针的透视图,缝合针由后部的驱动机构驱动。 
图17A和17B是夹头的主视图和后视图。 
图18是从顶部观察的包括一个有制动闸的夹头把持器的推动器的剖面图。 
图19A、19B和19C显示了以后部驱动模式驱动的夹头部件内推动臂的运动。通过打开闸门,推动臂能迅速的横穿,之后闸门弹回关闭位置。 
图20A,20B和20C分别是本发明棘轮部件的三维视图、剖视图和透视图。棘轮由驱动杆驱动而使设备上的一个推动臂产生运动。 
上面的视图列出了本发明的优选具体实施方式,本发明的其它具体实施方式也进行了仔细考虑,在讨论中也会提到。这份公开的资料以描述的方式无保留的解说了本发明的具体实施方式,但对本发明无任何限制。那些熟练的操作者能够在本发明基本原理的范围内对这一设备进行大量的改动和具体化。 
具体实施方式
本发明的缝合设备大体如图1所示,请参照图1,缝合设备1可以缝制连续的或间断的针脚或缝合线,能够将切口两侧的组织节段缝合。缝合设备1包括一个有近端6和远端8的驱动把12和触动杆16,驱动把12使操作者将设备1保持在把内,驱动把12在远端与推动器9联结。推动器9包括一个杆状圆筒部件10,这一部件由几个连杆组成,能够包覆从驱动把12的远端8的护盖14中延伸出来的驱动轴(图中未示出)。杆状圆筒部件10包括至少两个相称的能够通过万向接头对接的连接头部件(图中未示出)。对接头部件包覆在万向接头套管18内,因此万向接头圆筒被加工成与水平成30°角。驱动把12远端10的连杆可拆卸的连接在支撑臂部件22上,支撑臂部件22由一对彼此沿着偏斜轴延伸出的骨状臂组成,这种结构提供了一个开口23使操作者在操作过程中能够观察到设备的工作端19。工作端19包括可拆卸的装配在支撑臂部件22上的夹头把持器部件20,一次性的缝合针夹头装配于其上。 
图2-13提供了缝合设备1的一个具体实施方式的不同部件的详细视图和最终设备的部件的构造方式,在这一方式下各个部件能够通过侧驱动机构以曾经描述过的方式的进行操纵。 
图2显示了缝合设备1的工作端19,包括万向接头连接套管18、推动器9和包覆在连接套筒18内的万向接头部件(隐藏),万向接头在 驱动把(图中未示出)远端,推动器9包括支撑臂部件22和装配有一次性缝合针夹头24的夹头把持器部件20,。 
图3A和图3B是缝合设备工作端19的局部图,图中示出了分离的一次性缝合针夹头24和从夹头上分离出的弧形缝合针26等与缝合针夹头部件20相关的这些部件的有关构造,推动器9由支撑臂部件22和万向接头部件组成。图3A显示了连杆部件10的对接模式,连杆部件10包含万向接头(隐藏),图3B显示了包裹在连接器套管或称“弯管”18内的对接后的对接连杆部件10,套管使得连接在连杆上的夹头装配器20与驱动把约成30°角。弯管18可以根据夹头固定器(与驱动把有关)预先设定形状以提供固定的角度,或者制作成可调整的形状,使得在特殊的操作过程中将夹头固定器调整到最佳角度。 
图4A至图4C是中空的万向接头部件以及两个相同部件连接方式的透视图。如图4A所示,连杆部件10包括一个有两个开口端的中空圆筒28,圆筒的一端有两组弧形的插槽32、34,其中一组插槽比另一组窄。另外,接头部件包括设在在圆筒的表面的若干相同直径的圆孔36,圆孔36容纳万向接头套管18上相应数量的制动销。两个连杆部件10具有相同的弧形插槽结构32和34,通过一个包括多个圆柱销40的万向接头配合器38(图4B)连接在一起,配合器与连接件32的窄的弧形槽32连接起来,这样以一种非刚性的连接方式将两个连杆部件连接起来(图4C)。所以连接部件10之间的角度可以是不同的。连接起来的部件10为驱动缝合针运动的驱动杆提供通路。 
图5是万向接头套管18或称弯管的透视图,包括一个中空的两端开口28的管状部件,管子的轴弯成预定的角度。套管18另外还包括多个开在侧壁上的与连杆部件10上的孔36卡配的孔30,通过柱栓38上的限制销将连杆上的孔36合适的定位。因此弯管18能够将连接好的连杆部件锁定到最佳的角度。弯管18既可以被设定为固定的角度,也可以让用户对其角度进行最佳的调整。在一个具体实施方式中,弯管的角度被设定为与水平成30°角。万向连接头部件10的角度由弯管的角度来确定,万向连接头的角度又决定着夹头把持器部件20的角度,夹头把持器部件驱动把12的远端8处装配在连杆部件10上(通过支撑臂部件22)。与驱动把相对的夹头把持器的角度决定着缝合设备1与缝合位 置的接近程度,根据缝合位置是打开的还是平坦的、是不平坦还是狭窄的,接近程度是苛刻的。 
图6是推动器9的详图,推动器9包括一个连接支撑臂部件的夹头把持器部件20及,支撑臂部件由一对连接在连杆部件10末端的骨状支撑臂22组成。骨状支撑臂22的打开结构使其体积达到最小,这是缝合设备1的实质性的特点,这种结构提供了一个相对宽广的开口23使操作者在使用缝合设备1进行手术时能够直接的观察到缝合针夹头的缝隙、夹头把持器部件20(未示出)、组织的切口、缝合针在组织缝合中的运动。尽管图6所示的具体实施方式具有若干支撑臂22,其它的变体可包括只有一个支撑臂的支撑臂部件,如图11B所示。基于其形状所改善的视角和支撑臂部件22的形状使这个设备能够在切口处精确定位,每个针脚之后缝合设备单一的前进量使缝合过程均匀,因此将由于针脚离组织切口太近而引起的撕破组织和过量失血的可能性降到低点。夹头把持器部件20由可消毒的医用材料制成,既可使用象不锈钢这样的金属材料,在使用后可通过消毒继续使用,也可使用可消毒的医用塑料材料,在一次使用之后抛弃或处理。夹头把持器部件20是圆筒形的结构,相对于设备的驱动把(未示出)有一个远边40和一个近边42,把持器部件上有一个开口45,其尺寸和位置与位于一次性缝合针夹头上的开口完全一致。夹头把持器部件20另外还包括沿着远边并设在其上的几个插槽44,插槽在直径方向相对,能够与相同数量的相应定位在缝合针夹头护盖内(未示出)的制动夹卡合。夹头把持器20另外还包括一个位于远边40的圆形插孔46,与同样直径的相应定位在缝合针夹头护盖内(未示出)的定位销相卡合。夹头把持器部件的近边42装配在连杆部件10的远端,通过至少包含一个骨状支撑臂22的支撑件与驱动把12相连。 
图7A和7B是本发明中一次性缝合针夹头24的一个具体实施方式的不同视图,这个部件以可消毒的密封包装供货为好。夹头24包括一个环形的护盖48,护盖48由具有一定刚度的可消毒的医用金属或塑料材料制成。护盖可拆卸地通过夹头把持器部件20以众所周知的方式保持在缝合设备1远端(工作端)19,例如相对于直径两端的在内边缘52上的多个夹子50(示于图7A)啮合位于夹头把持器部件20上的同等数量的对应插槽。夹头还包括位于内边缘52上的柱形定位销54,能够啮 合位于夹头把持器部件20上的具有相同直径的对应的插槽。当保持夹50啮合的时候,夹头被固定到了夹头把持器部件20上,当定位销54啮合在插槽里时,夹头24上的开口与夹头把持器部件20上与夹头上的开口对应的开口对准。缝合针夹头24还包括一个开孔54和一条环形凹槽或轨道58,轨道位于护盖48的内表面,位于一个与护盖48和缝合设备1的护盖的纵轴垂直的平面上。如图7A所示,夹头护盖开口56断开轨道58。由医用不锈钢材料或类似的材料制成的弧形缝合针26可以滑动的装配在轨道58中。 
图8A和8B是本发明中弧形缝合针26的具体实施方式。在一个实施方式中(图8A),缝合针26做成环形,包括开口59、尖端60和钝端62。缝合针26还包括一个开口来容纳缝合材料的引导端。在一个具体实施方式中,开口是一个小眼64,缝合线通过这个眼与缝合针26相连。在展示的缝合针中(图8A),这个眼64位于靠近钝端62的部位。而这个眼64可以安置在从顶端61到钝端62的缝合针26弧线上的任意位置。在优选的的实施方式中(图8B),缝合针26的开口被做成沿缝合针轴线的位于钝端(图8B)的圆柱形钻孔66。缝合材料的引导端被塞进钻孔66中并以机械卷曲的方式固定在其中。为了使缝合针能够在缝合组织上刺入所需的深度,缝合针最好具有约280°到330°的弧线,更优选的,弧线至少要大于270°。缝合针26包括两个在半径内侧的对应的凹口(“内切口”)68,一个位于靠近缝合针尖端60的位置,另一个位于靠近钝端62的位置。凹口68是相互对应的,每个凹口都有一个垂直(约90°)的切口和一个与垂直切口成60°角的切口。内切口68由夹头把持器20内部的驱动机构驱动,使缝合针26在驱动机构的驱动下作旋转运动,使之能够刺穿组织并在组织中前进。一个相似的三角形的凹口70开在了缝合针半径的外缘(外切口),靠近与尖端60接近的内切口68。外切口与位于夹头把持器部件20上的制动销啮合,因此防止了缝合针与前进方向相反方向的运动或者说“退针”。因此在操作缝合设备的过程中主动的啮合缝合针的外切口70可消除缝合过程中缝合针的无序运动。 
夹头护盖48上开口的宽度56与缝合针26上开口的宽度同等或一致,当缝合针26在初始位置时(如图7A),缝合针实质上不会突出于这一开口56。这样的调整使缝合针完全处于夹头把持器20之内,因此 在往夹头把持器20上安装一次性缝合针夹头24或将其拆卸处理以及操作缝合设备1中防止了缝合针尖端60与操作者手指的无意接触。本发明中缝合针26的这一防护方式防止了“针刺”意外的发生,因此充分的降低了由于病原菌或病毒引起感染的风险性,通常病原菌或病毒在使用的过程中或使用后抛弃前会污染缝合针。缝合针26沿着垂直于缝合设备纵轴的弧形轨迹转动使缝合针的尖端60向前运动,缝合针先跨过开口之后又回到初始位置。由于缝合材料与缝合针26相连,因此缝合材料沿着缝合针26形成的轨迹。为防止在第一个针脚处将缝合材料拉出缝合组织,缝合材料的末端要打个结或系个扣。根据缝合针夹头护盖48的不同,缝合材料或缝合线可被储存内部或外部的封闭包装盒内,并在缝合过程的第一针脚之前将其拉出包装盒在优选的实施方式中,夹头护盖48包括系在缝合材料或缝合线末端的缝合针26和包装在定期消毒的医用包装材料中的适当长度的缝合材料。 
图9是本发明中缝合线管理的滚筒72,它的作用是保持缝合线不接触轨道,这样在缝合针再次进入轨道时不会挤压缝合线。缝合线管理滚筒72包括一个有弹簧操纵的制动销74,它使缝合材料或缝合线保持正压力,预防性的将缝合材料保持在缝合针的缝合线保留槽内,保持缝合线不进入缝合针轨道,从而消除了因缝合线引起的阻碍缝合针的运动。这样,当缝合材料跟随着缝合针26作前进运动时,制动销74消除了因缝合材料偶然进入缝合针夹头24内的缝合针轨道而引起的缝合针运动的障碍。 
图10是制转销75的透视图。制转销能与缝合针26的外切口啮合,阻止针的转动和防止缝合针的回转,因此防止了缝合针的无序运动。 
图11B是推动器部件的透视图,包括推动器76和位于其末端的棘爪78(图11A),棘爪安置在推动器部件支撑臂22上的与之对应的槽内,而且用柱形销80连接在支撑臂22上。从缝合设备1中部的轴心延伸处来的刚性臂(推动器)驱动缝合针26沿环形轨迹运动。推动器76末端的棘爪78与位于缝合针半径内侧的楔形凹口相匹配。操作者通过操纵驱动把12上的触动杆来操纵推动器76,推动器能向前和向后扫过280°的弧线。推动器的外部轮廓可容纳一个C形弹簧(未示出),使楔形棘爪能压在缝合针26上并且保持紧密接触。操作过程中缝合针26的前 进运动使位于缝合针内沿的三角形的凹槽68与推动器76上的楔形棘爪78对准,由于C形弹簧施加在柱销上的正压力使得棘爪78啮合在凹口68内,因此缝合针26的旋转运动通过每次精确的转动280°而连续的进行。 
图12是缝合针26在夹头(未示出)内初始位置的剖面图,夹头与杆状夹头把持器部件(未示出)对应。与缝合针26内边缘的凹口68啮合的棘爪78、缝合线管理滚筒和啮合在缝合针26外边缘凹口中的制动销75的相对位置示于图12。 
图13是一幅剖面图,显示了缝合针在夹头(未显示)内的初始位置、缝合针开口和与之对应的缝合针夹头把持器20开口的排列方式、缝合针26和夹头把持器20的相对位置以及与对接连杆部件10相对的开口的位置,对接的连杆部件由万向连接器38对接并由对接套管(未示出)保持一定的角度。 
图14至图20是本发明的优选实施方式的缝合设备的部件组成的详图和使这些部件运作的设定方式。 
图14是本发明优选实施方式的缝合设备的工作端。包括具有支撑臂部件80的推动器9和连接有一次性缝合针夹头84的夹头把持器部件82。推动器9通过连杆部件86与驱动机构连接,连杆部件通过万向接头部件连接在一起,万向接头部件包括一个包覆在套管中与连接驱动把12的另一个连杆部件相连的万向接头。连杆部件86通过柱销与万向接头部件相连,使孔槽88与接头部件上与之对应的孔槽啮合。 
图15A是关于推动器部件的局部图,包括一个与夹头把持器部件82咬合的缝合针夹头84。夹头84通过一个位于夹头把持器部件82弧顶的固定夹90装配在夹头把持器部件82上,固定夹可滑动的锁定在夹头84弧顶的对应凹槽92内。夹头把持器部件82和夹头84都有一个相似尺寸的开口,在两者锁定位置相互对准。夹头84还包括一个缝合材料控制夹板,夹板以某种方式严格的控制缝合材料使之在缝合设备的运行过程中防止了缝合材料100穿过夹头84时产生缠结。 
图15B是推动器部件的透视图,示出了在夹头84(未示出)中处于 初始位置的缝合针102,缝合针的开口以及缝合针夹头把持器部件82和夹头84上与之对应的开口相互对准。通过卡合夹头84与夹头,缝合针在把持器部件82处于锁定位置时处于初始位置,这样缝合针被夹子104限定住,使之能够与位于缝合针半径后缘的凹口(未示出)啮合。凹口通过驱动臂上的与之对应的定位销贴近夹头把持器部件82,驱动臂位于夹头把持器部件82内,是在后部驱动缝合针旋转的驱动机构的一部分。 
图16是本发明中缝合针102的优选实施方式。缝合针被做成开环结构,有开口(或间隙)106、锋利的尖端108和相对端110。位于钝端110的圆柱形的钻孔112沿着缝合针的轴线方向。缝合线的引导端被塞入孔内并以机械卷曲的方式固定在里面。作为选择,用以穿入缝合材料的开口可以做成“眼”形,缝合材料的引导端可以穿过这个眼与缝合针102连接。为使之能够在组织中刺入所需的深度,缝合针102的弧长应在280°到330°之间,优选的为大于270°。缝合针26包括两个在半径后沿上,也就是贴近夹头把持器82的一边,相对的凹口(后凹口)114,凹口在缝合针102上的位置分别靠近尖端108和钝端102。后凹口的位置彼此相对,每个凹口都有一个垂直的切口(约90°)和与此成约60°角的切口。后凹口114与夹头把持器部件中的驱动机构啮合使缝合针在驱动机构的驱动下作圆周运动,由此能够刺破组织并在组织中前进。相似的三角形凹口116位于缝合针半径的外沿(外凹口),靠近与缝合针尖端108靠近的后凹口114。外凹口与夹头把持器部件中的制转销啮合,防止缝合针作与前进方向相反的运动,或者说是“退针”运动。因此在操作过程中正向的啮合缝合针的外切口可防止缝合针的无序运动。 
图17A和17B分别是夹头84的外侧和内侧视图。夹头84的外表面(图17A)包括一个缝合材料控制夹板98,它能够以一种方式严格的限定缝合材料,从而防止了缝合材料的缠结。夹头另外还包括一个位于弧顶的凹槽92,一个位于夹头把持器部件上的与之对应的定位销可滑动的与此啮合,将夹头锁定住。夹头84内表面的轨道118使包裹在夹头内的缝合针(未示出)沿轨道作从初始位置到跨过开口106的圆周运动。位于夹头84半径内表面的凹槽与夹头把持器上与之对应的定位销啮合,当定位销可滑动的啮合到凹槽120内时,缝合针被限定住并沿轨道118 运动。 
图18是推动器9优选实施方式的顶部视图,包括夹头把持器82和支撑臂22。夹头把持器部件82包括不止一个能固定夹头84的固定夹122,一个在弧顶边缘的固定夹90和可滑动卡合的夹头上互补设置的定位槽,定位槽使夹头能够啮合夹头把持器部件82,因此使部件82中的驱动机构与安置在夹头中的缝合针啮合。夹头把持器部件82还包括一个防止缝合针102从轨道脱离并落入夹头把持器部件82后部的闸门部件124。闸门部件受到一个通过柱销128连接的弹簧126施加的扭矩,保持在关闭的初始状态,它能防止缝合针的侧向运动。缝合设备的每次操纵过程中,闸门124打开使啮合缝合针的驱动机构能够以圆周运动通过,在缝合针通过后又能立即关闭,这样防止了夹头把持器82中缝合针102的偏转和脱离轨道。 
图19A、19B和19C是在后部驱动的缝合针驱动机构运作状态的系列图,驱动机构在推动器部件(未示出)的夹头把持器82内运动。后部驱动机构包括一个与驱动杆132连接的驱动臂130,它能够作旋转运动,扫过包含闸门部件124的夹头把持器82的环形内缘。操纵这个设备使得驱动杆132沿顺时针方向旋转,使驱动臂130沿圆周从初始位置向上运动通过闸门部件124,使闸门在过程中打开(图19A和图19B)。驱动臂130继续沿圆周运动直至在此回到初始位置(图19C)。闸门部件在驱动臂130通过后返回到其关闭的初始状态,这样,驱动臂130驱动缝合针102作圆周运动,而且防止了缝合针102脱离轨道118。所以,缝合设备1每进行一次操作,驱动臂130通过闸门124一次,闸门124在过程中打开一次。由于每次驱动臂通过闸门124后闸门会返回到初始位置,所以防止了缝合针的侧向移动,消除了在操作过程中由于缝合针102未对准而引起的缝合针运动受阻。 
图20A、20B和20C分别是本发明中棘轮部件134的三维视图、截面图和透视图,棘轮部件是缝合设备1驱动机构的一部分。图20A所示的棘轮部件134包括一个有弧形外表面138的棘轮136,弧形表面上有多个齿牙138,还包括一个有平整表面的弧形平台140。棘轮136有一个圆形的中心孔(未示出),装有连杆144的小齿轮可以向下滑动进入孔中并可拆卸地连接到中心孔中。另外棘轮部件还包括靠近平台140的 两个楔形面139a和139b。棘轮部件134固定在有护盖148的基架146上,由圆弹簧(未示出)推动的棘爪(未示出)和一个滑梭150安装在护盖中。护盖由几个螺栓153装配在支架152上。图20B是棘轮136的详细的截面图。棘轮136包括一个圆形的中心孔154,能够使小齿轮142上的凸杆144(未示出)滑动装配在这个孔中。棘轮136固定在基架146上,棘轮136的齿牙138与棘轮136交互啮合.棘轮136由圆弹簧(未示出)驱动,圆弹簧对棘爪156施加正向压力使之与棘轮136的齿牙138保持紧密接触。滑梭150装配在基架上,它使棘轮136沿固定方向转动(如顺时针)直到滑梭150与棘轮136上的第一个楔形面139a接触而受阻。在接触第一个楔形面139a后滑梭150的运动允许棘轮136沿与原来运动方向相反的方向转动(如逆时针)直到滑梭150与第二个楔形面139b接触而使运动受阻。图20C是棘轮136的透视图,棘轮136的齿牙138与棘爪156啮合,通过圆弹簧158提供的正压力使棘爪与齿牙138保持密切接触。 
本发明的棘轮部件134被合适的安装在缝合设备1的驱动把12内。在优选的实施方式中,棘轮部件134位于驱动把12的远端8,因此棘轮部件134中的凸杆144成为连杆部件10的一部分,连杆的末端与缝合设备1的触动机构相连。可通过操纵驱动把12上的触动杆16来控制触动机构(未示出),从而驱动缝合设备1,这种操作使棘轮机构中的凸杆144、与凸杆相连的棘轮136和小齿轮142单向转动,小齿轮142驱动连杆部件10运动,连杆部件与推动器内的后部推动机构的驱动臂相连,因此使啮合在上面的缝合针102沿相同方向转动,这样缝合针有效的穿透组织节段并将连于其上的缝合线拉出组织。当滑梭150和第一个楔形面139a接触时,凸杆144的转动停止,扫过的弧度大概为280°,这样操纵过程的第一步就完成了。之后滑梭150使连接棘轮136和小齿轮142的凸杆144沿相反方向转过相同的弧度,直至滑梭150与第二个楔形面139b接触时运动再次停止。本发明的棘轮机构的优点是缝合设备的运动步长可以被预先设定,棘轮部件134防止了操作者进行不完整的操作,这种操作会由于缝合针钩住组织而使缝合不正确或不完整。另外,棘轮部件134能够相对于触动杆16和驱动把12在方向上比较灵活的由触动杆操纵,例如,棘轮部件134可以在上下或侧向方向运动。 
本发明缝合设备1的操作可以通过本领域习知的触动机构进行,例 如使用美国专利第6,053,908和5,344,061揭示的触动机构。或者,操作手段既可以为手动操作的按钮或开关,又可以为由电或燃料驱动的自动机构,自动机构如:由电、电磁、压缩空气、压缩气体、液压、真空或烃油供能的电子、电磁或气动马达。 
在开始使用这个设备时,本发明任一实施方式的缝合设备1放置在伤口或切口位置上,这样设备跨过伤口或切口两边的组织节段,之后通过操纵驱动把12上的触动杆16操纵这个设备。设备的操作过程将参考本发明优选的实施方式进行详细说明,并且同样适用于说明书中描述或列举的其它实施方式。缝合设备1中驱动机构的棘爪156与位于缝合针102半径后缘靠近钝端或尾部的凹口114啮合,推动缝合针沿环形轨迹运动并扫过280°的圆弧。缝合针102的尖端108穿过由夹头84和夹头把持器82确定的开口96,刺破位于开口96内的第一片组织节段,横穿该组织后刺入另一片待缝合组织节段,在开口96的另一端再次进入缝合设备。这样推动器9又返回了初始位置,棘爪156与位于缝合针102后缘114靠近尖端的的凹口啮合。连接有缝合材料或缝合线的缝合针102被拉着在环形轨道上扫过280°的弧线。因此缝合针102的钝端110和缝合材料穿过组织节段从而穿过伤口或切口,这样就跨过了伤口或切口。缝合针102回到夹头把持器82中运行轨道的初始位置,向前扫过了完整的360°的弧线。缝合针102,包括尖端102完全保持在夹头84中。缝合材料或缝合线可以被剪断并以适当的方式封闭,例如以打结的方法,或者重复上述的过程缝制下一个针脚直至缝完整条伤口。每个针脚,不管是单个的、间断的针脚还是连续不断的针脚中的任何一个,都以相同的方式缝制。因此,作为繁琐耗时的手工缝合方式的替代,本发明的设备可被用于插入单一的针脚或者一组连续的针脚。 
尽管缝合设备1有容纳缝合针102的可分离部件缝合针夹头84、包括具有支撑臂80的夹头把持器82的推动器9、包含驱动臂130的驱动杆部件和包含操纵杆16和致动器的驱动把12,整个缝合设备仍可设计成一个单一的整体,在完成一次使用后可以被重复使用或处理掉。 
上面所举出的例子,其中有些例子在前面的叙述中是阐述的很清晰的,本发明的缝合设备都可以实现。另外,在不超出本发明范围的前提下可以对本发明的设备进行某些改动,因此前面的描述以及相关的附图只是作为例子讲解,对本发明无任何限制。 

Claims (10)

1.一种缝合设备的夹头,包括:
一个具有第一端和第二端的弧形机架,所述第一端和第二端被所述弧形机架的壁上的开口分开;和
在所述弧形机架的内表面上的轨道,所述轨道以可滑动的方式支撑缝合针,
其中,所述夹头的外表面包括缝合材料控制夹板,所述缝合材料控制夹板能够以防止缝合材料缠结的方式严格的限定缝合材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的夹头,其中,所述弧形机架具有大于180°并且小于330°的弧度。
3.如权利要求1所述的夹头,其中,所述夹头是一次性的。
4.如权利要求1所述的夹头,还包括至少一个固定夹,所述固定夹使所述夹头和所述缝合设备的夹头把持器可拆卸地咬合在一起。
5.如权利要求1所述的夹头,还包括一个装有缝合材料的缝合材料分配器。
6.如权利要求1所述的夹头,其中,所述缝合针能够沿着在所述弧形机架的内表面上的轨道连续旋转运动。
7.如权利要求1所述的夹头,其中,所述缝合针的尖端能够从所述弧形机架的壁中的第一端退出,并进入所述弧形机架的内表面中的轨道的第二端。
8.一种如权利要求1所述的夹头与在缝合中使用的缝合针的组合结构,其中,所述缝合针包括:在所述缝合针的第一端的尖端;在所述缝合针的第二端的钝端;在所述尖端和所述钝端之间的间隙;以及靠近所述钝端用于啮合缝合材料的眼,其中,所述缝合针在所述尖端和所述钝端之间呈弧形形状。
9.如权利要求8所述的组合结构,其中,所述缝合针还包括在半径内侧的或者在半径后沿的第一内凹口和与所述第一内凹口相对的第二内凹口,所述第一内凹口和所述第二内凹口分别靠近所述缝合针的尖端和钝端。
10.如权利要求8所述的组合结构,其中,所述缝合针能够在夹头的轨道上转动。
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