CN101652552B - Process for determining particle emission in the exhaust fume stream from an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Process for determining particle emission in the exhaust fume stream from an internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN101652552B CN101652552B CN2005800402831A CN200580040283A CN101652552B CN 101652552 B CN101652552 B CN 101652552B CN 2005800402831 A CN2005800402831 A CN 2005800402831A CN 200580040283 A CN200580040283 A CN 200580040283A CN 101652552 B CN101652552 B CN 101652552B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/0656—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions using electric, e.g. electrostatic methods or magnetic methods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
- F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
- F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
- F01N11/005—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus the temperature or pressure being estimated, e.g. by means of a theoretical model
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1466—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being a soot concentration or content
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1466—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being a soot concentration or content
- F02D41/1467—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being a soot concentration or content with determination means using an estimation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
- F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
- F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
- F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
- F02D41/2451—Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by what is learned or calibrated
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
- F02D2041/1433—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method using a model or simulation of the system
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N2015/0042—Investigating dispersion of solids
- G01N2015/0046—Investigating dispersion of solids in gas, e.g. smoke
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Abstract
A process for determining particle input into a particle filter arranged in the exhaust fume stream of an internal combustion engine makes it possible to determine the mass of deposited particles by taking into account particle and nitrogen oxide emission. The process involves preparing an emission model, measuring the actual particle emissions during a fixed or variable measuring interval, and integrating emissions over this interval; reporting the ideal particle emissions and comparing the actual ones with them; setting a correction factor based on the difference, and taking the correction factor into account in setting the ideal particle emissions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for particle emission in a kind of definite I. C. engine exhaust stream.In addition, the invention still further relates to the deposited particles method for quality of the particulate filter of confirming to be arranged in I. C. engine exhaust stream.The invention still further relates to through preferably controlling the method for exhaust gas treatment device, especially particulate filter regeneration based on the computer model of performance plot; Wherein treatment device is divided at least two and preferably five unit; And the deposition of setting up each unit through sedimentation model is loaded, and starts the regenerative process of treatment device according to the deposition load.
Background technique
In order to realize effective particulate filter regeneration, must as far as possible accurately know the deposition load condition or the particle emission state of particulate filter.A kind of method that how to start regeneration (according to the deposition load condition of particulate filter with such as other parameter of time or travel distance) has for example been described among DE199 45 372 A1.
The known deposition load condition of confirming particulate filter through measurement pressure reduction.But since the suitable inaccuracy of this measurement, the also known estimated quality of except pressure reduction, considering to be accumulated in the particulate in the particulate filter.
For this purpose, knownly from comprise roadability figure, estimate particle emission such as the motor service data of engine speed, moment of torsion etc.Also knownly confirm instantaneous discharging according to steady-state characteristic figure and the survey data such as λ value or exhaust gas recirculation rate that records in addition.Such performance plot is based on ideal engine.Can not consider because the deviation of the ideal engine discharging of storing in aging and/or real engine discharging that component tolerance causes and the performance plot.
The measuring system of known continuous monitoring particle emission, but their are expensive and be easy to wearing and tearing and break down.For example DE101 24 235 A1 have described the method and apparatus that is used for characterizing comprehensively and monitor exhaust and is used for engine control, wherein detect and characterize solid and fluid fine particle simultaneously or short delay is arranged.This method is used laser induced Raman scattering (Laser-induced Ramanscattering) based on independent use or combination; Laser induced decomposed spectrum method (laser-induced Breakdown spectroscopy); Laser induced ionization method (laser-induced ionisationscopy); Laser induced atomic fluorescence spectrometry (laser-induced atomic fluorescence spectroscopy); IR-/VIS-/UV absorption spectroscopy (IR-/VIS-/UV-laser absorption spectroscopy) and laser induced incandescent technology (laser-induced in-candescence technology).Confirm that accurately sensing and control system that particle emission is required are very complicated, make that the mass production applications of this system is relatively costly.
Because do not consider the oxidation affects of nitrogen oxides to charcoal cigarette particulate, the known deposition load model that is used for particulate filter has only been described truth charcoal cigarette deficiently.Estimation to the particle mass in the particulate filter is only ignored gathering of nitrogen oxides and their activity according to the particulate that exists in the outlet pipe, can produce serious deviation.In sum, the particle mass that accumulates in the particulate filter can be caused higher filter regeneration cycle quantity and therefore cause higher oil consumption by overestimate.
Be arranged in particulate filter, especially " wall stream " type filter of I. C. engine exhaust stream, if load has a lot of inflammable particulates just must regenerate.In order to realize effective particulate filter regeneration, need accurately know the deposition load condition.For example DE 199 45 372 A1 have described a kind of method that is used for according to particulate filter deposition load condition and other parameter startup regeneration such as time and travel distance.
Knownly confirm that through measuring pressure reduction particulate filter deposits load condition.But since the suitable inaccuracy of this measurement, the well-known estimated quality of except pressure reduction, also considering to be accumulated in particulate in the filter.Knownly for this reason from comprise PCD process characterization diagram, estimate particle emission such as the motor service data of engine speed, moment of torsion etc.
Some known methods have only been considered the particle mass accumulated in the filter, and have ignored this quality in the inboard distribution of filter.Like this only considered particle mass but the method for not considering its distribution can be described as particulate filter " zero size " model.
Learn a kind of improved method from DE102 52 732 A1, wherein use the one-dimensional model of particulate space distribution in the filter to improve the accuracy of confirming the deposition load.The method that is disclosed in should open text has been merely to be calculated modifying factor and adopts Particle Distribution from the flow resistance of the particulate filter that is deposited load improved confirmed, but this factor helps definite more accurately particle mass.This modifying factor is used to revise some characteristic quantity of the particulate filter that obtains through the pressure and temperature sensor, and the accuracy of deposition load is confirmed in therefore final raising.Therefore the deposition load that causes the regeneration startup is confirmed by pressure transducer usually.
People such as Holger H ü doctor lser are at MTZ 1/2003; Volume 64; In the paper of 30-37 page or leaf " can reform motor development electronics " (" Elektronik
Innovationen in derMotorenentwicklung ") a kind of computation model has been proposed, the deposition load condition that it is subdivided into a plurality of unit with exhaust gas treatment device and confirms each unit through sedimentation model.In a single day the deposition load condition is confirmed, only needs when surpassing some critical limit, just start the effective regeneration of particulate filter.With only compare according to tonometric particulate filter system, this situation needs the regenerative cycle of lesser amt.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to avoid these shortcomings and a kind of method of accurately estimating particle emission in the I. C. engine exhaust stream with plain mode is provided.Another object of the present invention is that a kind of estimation according to the nitrogen oxides that exists in the exhaust improves the estimation to deposited particles in the particulate filter.Another purpose again of the present invention is further to improve the management of particulate filter regeneration according to computation model
The present invention can realize these targets through following steps:
-prepare to discharge model according to the roadability figure of motor;
-measure the actual particle emission in the blast air between fixing or variable measurement zone and should carry out integration to particle emission in the interval in measurement;
-through desirable particle emission interior between discharging Model Calculation measurement zone and between this measurement zone desirable particle emission is carried out integration;
-actual particle emission that relatively records and the desirable particle emission that calculates;
-confirm modifying factor according to the actual particle emission that records and the difference of the desirable particle emission that calculates;
-, the discharging model considering this modifying factor when confirming desirable particle emission.
During having proposed according to the method for the invention the integration particle sensor measured from the discharging of setting up according to the discharging model of performance plot carry out integration and with measured value relatively.If difference is arranged, thereby the discharging that then will confirm according to the model of performance plot and the factor multiply each other and reduce this difference.
In a simple variation of the present invention, all operating points of internal-combustion engine are selected an identical modifying factor.Under the simplest situation, modifying factor may be selected to be desirable to measuring the inverse of discharging ratio.If modifying factor only has little variation especially favourable to eliminate the fluctuation meeting between each is measured.
For this reason, can be like this: present modifying factor f_K calculates through following formula with preceding value and the actual ratio soot_ratio with the desirable particle emission that calculates that record of modifying factor f_K_alt:
f_K＝f1*f_K_alt+(1-f1)/soot_ratio
Wherein the value of coefficient f1 is between 0 to 1, and preferably between 0.85 to 0.95.Cause than mistake for fear of measuring owing to mistake, it is favourable only in a certain zone of reasonableness, just using this correction at it.
If select different modifying factors can obtain more accurate result to different operation areas, different modifying factors is advantageously confirmed according to revising performance plot.Confirm that modifying factor is especially favourable if consider the frequency distribution of internal combustion engine operation state.The bar chart that writes down the frequency in some moment of torsion and engine speed interval through the path of different running statees along with motor forms the basis of confirming modifying factor.
Desirablely be, measure that its measurement is also carried out integration to the particle emission of (for example a few minutes) between an extended period through at least one particle sensor.Such integrator sensor is for example known among the WO03/006976 A2.
The estimation of the particle emission of improved internal-combustion engine can allow confirming of improved particulate filter deposition load.The improved regeneration startup regeneration of knowing and can allow better to be directed against target that the deposition of particulate filter is loaded, this is because can reduce the safe clearance that prevents when regenerating, to receive the overload filter of heat damage.Therefore, can significantly reduce the additional oil consumption that the regeneration owing to diesel particulate filter causes.
Therefore method of the present invention can be improved the estimation of particle emission.For exhaust-gas treatment system, especially the wall-flow type particulate filter of can regenerating as required, be very important about the details of particle emission.Combine to make regeneration frequency to reduce significantly with the suitable deposition load model that is used for particulate filter.The software that this method of the present invention can be used as in the control unit of engine is realized.
The improvement of the particulate of deposition is estimated especially can realize through following steps in the particulate filter:
-prepare preferably discharging model according to the particulate matter of performance plot;
-prepare at least one, preferably based on the nitrogen oxides emission model of performance plot;
-prepare preferably model according to the oxidized nitrogen oxidation of charcoal cigarette particulate of temperature;
-confirm the theoretical particle mass and/or the particle concentration of at least one operating point with said particle emission model;
-confirm the nitrogen oxides of at least one operating point with said nitrogen oxides emission model;
The negative equivalent particle mass and/or the concentration of-the nitrogen oxides confirming with the model of the oxidized nitrogen oxidation of said charcoal cigarette particulate to confirm how saidly;
-confirm effective particle mass and/or concentration with the discharging model of said particulate and said negative equivalent particle mass and/or concentration; And
-said effective particle mass of accumulative total and/or concentration in said particulate filter model.
The present invention considers that the charcoal cigarette particulate that is present in the exhaust is deflated simultaneous nitrogen oxides oxidation in pipe and/or the particulate filter, and does not therefore stay the fact of particulate filter.Nitrogen oxides is known as the temperature that CRT effect (cyclic regeneration cover (Trap)) also depends on particulate filter consumingly to the oxidation of particulate.In order to consider this point; If the temperature at least one position measurement particulate filter is favourable; And negative imitate particle mass mutually and/or negative equal particle concentration is confirmed according to the temperature of particulate filter, this temperature is preferably confirmed through the delivery temperature of measuring preferable particulate filter upper reaches.The different temperatures that the difference that can consider particulate filter is also arranged.
Through using for NO and NO
2Discharging discharging model separately based on performance plot, and through at least one operating point is confirmed NO and NO
2Discharging, and pass through according to NO and NO
2Effective particle mass and/or concentration are confirmed in discharging, can obtain the better estimation of particle deposition.So just considered such as NO or NO
2Different nitrogen oxidess to the difference of the oxidation effectiveness of charcoal cigarette particulate.
If when confirming effective particle mass, considered to be present in the blast air nitrogen oxides more oxidation be present in the charcoal cigarette particulate in the blast air rather than be deposited in the particulate filter those, can realize further improvement to estimating.
Because the particle mass of imitating mutually that will bear is added on the charcoal cigarette particulate of self-discharging model, can obtain to be used for the negative value of effective particulate.Even if compare particulate a large amount of residues arranged in order to look after nitrogen oxides, be deposited on the fact that the particulate on the filter also only is removed very lentamente, can stipulate that the value of effective particle mass can not be lower than a certain limit.
Substitute the mass flow rate of composition in the exhaust, also can use the respective concentration or the volume flowrate of exhaust.
The estimation of the particle emission of improved internal-combustion engine can allow confirming of improved particulate filter deposition load.The improved regeneration startup regeneration of knowing and can allow to be directed against better target that the deposition of particulate filter is loaded, this is because can reduce the safe clearance that prevents when regenerating, to receive the overload filter of heat damage.Therefore, can significantly reduce the additional oil consumption that the regeneration owing to diesel particulate filter causes.
Method improvement of the present invention the estimation of the charcoal cigarette particle mass of deposition in the particulate filter.For exhaust-gas treatment system, especially the wall-flow type particulate filter of can regenerating as required, be very important about the details of deposited particles quality.Combine to make regeneration frequency to reduce significantly with the fit algorithm that is used to start particulate filter regeneration.The software that this method of the present invention can be used as in the control unit of engine is realized.
In order to realize the further improvement of particulate filter regeneration management; Proposition is defined at least one critical value that maximum permission deposition is loaded for each unit, and the deposition load at least one unit surpasses the regenerative process that starts exhaust-gas treatment system when being correlated with critical value.Alternatively or additionally, can confirm digital sedimentation state index, start regenerative process according to this sedimentation state index according to the deposition load of at least one unit.
Opposite with the known method of running particulate filter, the space uneven distribution of particulate not only is used to estimate the gross mass of deposited particles in the filter, also can directly influence the startup of particulate filter regeneration.The improvement that this regeneration starts can make the number of times of regeneration reduce, and has therefore also reduced additional oil consumption.Especially can avoid particulate filter being caused heat damage owing to the regional local superheating under especially big deposition load.
According to the present invention, confirm the deposition load condition of at least two unit of particulate filter.The unit of particulate filter is not necessarily consistent with the unit of physics realization, but can limit hypothetically.In order to describe the blast air flow direction and transverse to the different units of airflow direction, the computation model of particulate filter deposition load must be an one dimension at least, promptly must represent streamwise for example and/or transverse to the length of one dimension at least of this direction.Except total particle mass, the quality that also will consider the particulate filter zones of different is to start particulate filter regeneration according to particle mass in the different units of particulate filter and their distribution.
Particulate filter preferably is divided into the unit of identical size in computation model.This can minimize calculating.Also have on the principle and can make the unit have different sizes.
In the outstanding good variant, the part that particle mass that sedimentation model will get into each unit is divided into the part that is deposited in the unit and leaves the unit has been proposed.The part that is deposited in each unit is mainly relevant with the deposition load condition.
According to the present invention, the corresponding critical value that can be arranged at least two unit is different, and the critical value of upstream units is preferably less than the critical value of downstream units.If the deposition of at least one unit load has surpassed corresponding critical value then has started reproducer.Also have and to draw the decision of whether regenerating from the deposition load condition of a plurality of unit.Can obtain information from Particle Distribution in the unit of particulate filter model about the deposition load condition.With this information input calculation routine, this routine obtains the statement of relevant essential regeneration from deposition load condition and other possible data.This statement can be adopted the form of digital sedimentation state index of the emergency assessment of binary system request (be/not) or expression particulate filter regeneration.This regeneration request can be before reality triggers particulate filter regeneration combines with out of Memory such as motor or exhaust parameter in addition.
In order to obtain accurate statement about the deposition load condition of particulate filter; If at least one group of unit is limited at least two critical values; Preferably first and second critical values; And if confirm the sedimentation state index according to the frequency that these values surpass critical value, and preferably to hang down critical value big to the influence of sedimentation state index than surpassing to surpass higher critical value, then is favourable.
If particulate is categorized into flammable and not flammable particulate; Flammable and not flammable particulate is confirmed dividually the load of each unit; And the regeneration of particulate filter only in one or more unit because the load of combustible particle just starts when surpassing the critical value that is used for combustible particle, then be especially favourable.This has further improved the efficient of regeneration again.
In another variant of the present invention, propose in each sections as being present in the function of the nitrogen oxides amount in the blast air and/or the deposition load condition of confirming as the function of micro particle filtering actuator temperature.The nitrogen oxides that will have existed in the blast air when this will consider that the very high and/or filter of the temperature of particulate filter especially has catalyst coat can reduce the fact of the particle deposition in the particulate filter considerably.Might consider that in addition nitrogen oxides is to being deposited on the influence of the particle mass on the particulate filter.The nitrogen oxides quality that obtains according to the particle mass that obtains from the particle emission model, from NOx discharging model and the temperature of particulate filter can be confirmed to reduce, be deposited on the effective particle mass on the particulate filter by the influence according to the nitrogen oxides of temperature.
Because particulate depends on the temperature of particulate filter because of the oxidation of nitrogen oxides, so must consider the micro particle filtering actuator temperature.Temperature is lower than about 200 ℃ will can oxidation not take place because of Nox.In simple variation; In the nitrogen oxides emission model, the quality of nitrogen oxides multiply by the factor of the temperature that depends on particulate filter, and from particle mass, deducts this product; And the result who subtracts each other is limited by only negative a little value at lower limit, thereby draws effective particle mass.This factor is zero and at high temperature is definite value that it has considered different (on average) molecular weight of nitrogen oxides and charcoal cigarette when low temperature.
Description of drawings
To the present invention be described in more detail with reference to accompanying drawing at present.Shown is
Fig. 1 is the structure of the system of embodiment of the present invention method;
Fig. 2 is the relevant details of control algorithm in the control unit of engine;
Fig. 3 is the simple modifications program that is used to discharge model;
Fig. 4 is the improvement revision program that is used to discharge model;
Fig. 5 is second variant of structure of the system of embodiment of the present invention method;
Fig. 6 is a straightforward procedure of confirming the particle deposition load;
Fig. 7 confirms improving one's methods of particle deposition load;
Fig. 8 is the structure of the system of embodiment of the present invention method principle;
The last particulate filter model of Fig. 9;
Figure 10 is the method step of variant of the present invention;
Figure 11 is the method step of the present invention's second variant;
Figure 12 is the Particle Distribution along the particulate filter flow direction; And
Figure 13 is the accumulation particle mass of each unit.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the essential structure of system: be provided with particulate filter 2 in the outlet pipe of internal-combustion engine 1.Also be provided with particle sensor 3 in the outlet pipe 5, preferably in particulate filter 2 fronts.Internal-combustion engine 1 is controlled by electronic control unit ECU.Particle sensor 2 also is connected to control unit ECU.The for example more multisensor of differential pressure pickup can also be arranged, but method of the present invention is not strict with so.
Fig. 2 shows the relevant portion of control algorithm in the internal-combustion engine control unit 4.According to the service data such as the motor of engine speed n, Engine torque M etc., conventional discharging model E M provides the ideal value m_soot (t) of the particle mass of engine emission.Should be worth input integral device I.Except the signal input port that is used for particle mass, integrator I is also had a control input end mouth.
Be provided with the control algorithm SP that is used to ask the particle sensor integration in addition.Particulate in this integration particle sensor cumulative measurement interval on the sensor.When between measurement zone, stopping, confirm the gross mass m_soot_real of particulate on the sensor.Usually the integration particle sensor must be reproduced, and can not be used for further measurement at regeneration period.If therefore the control algorithm SP of integration particle sensor also has at least one other signal output except the output m_soot_real of particle mass, it indicates whether measuring fine particles is current moves (signal M_aktiv).After the regeneration, the integration particle sensor can be used for further measurement.
Signal M_aktiv is applied to the control input end mouth of integrator I.Integrator design becomes to make it mouth place in control input end to be existed the quality input signal in time period of signal M_aktiv carry out integration.When not having signal M_aktiv, be stored among the variable m_soot_ideal integral value and with the integrator reset-to-zero.Come the existing output port that is integrator I of integral value of the discharging m_soot_ideal of self-discharging model E M.
The actual integration particle mass m_soot_real input comparator algorithm V that will be worth at present and during measuring, record through the integration particle sensor.Comparator V confirms to come the integration discharging of self-discharging model and the ratio soot_ratio of the actual discharge that particle sensor records now
soot_ratio＝m_soot_ideal/m_soot_real。
Other mathematical operation with the deviation of the ideal discharging that obtains through the discharging model also is fine such as the description actual discharge of calculating relative mistake, and is covered by method of the present invention.
Existing with deviate, promptly be preferably that the soot_ratio input is used to revise discharging model E M another calculate anti-MK.There is the multiple possibility that is used to revise the discharging model, will further describes them hereinafter.
Fig. 3 representes to be used to revise the very simple program of MK.Factor f_K derives from deviation soot_ratio, and multiplies each other with the output m_soot_roh (t) of emission performance figure.Therefore the estimation particle emission of every correction in time t is provided by following formula:
m_soot(t)＝m_soot_roh(t)*f_K。
Under simple scenario, modifying factor is provided by the reciprocal value of estimating and measure the ratio soot_ratio between the discharging:
f_K＝1/soot_ratio＝m_soot_real/m_soot_ideal。
If but only change to eliminate fluctuation based on the modifying factor of soot_ratio a little for each measured value is particularly favourable.The value of last f_K of storage in variable f_K_alt for this reason, and the new value f_K of the soot_ratio of the change that is used for newly being recorded by the integration particle sensor is definite by following equality:
f_K＝f1*f_K_alt+(1-f1)/soot_ratio，
Wherein f1 is the factor between 0 to 1, preferably between 0.85 to 0.95., each signal M_aktiv recomputates this modifying factor when representing the measuring fine particles loop termination.
In addition, if only soot_ratio be positioned at value that a certain truthlikeness interval just changes f_K to avoid because wrong to measure what produce be favourable than mistake.The interval limit of truthlikeness depends on the accuracy of measurement of integration particle sensor, and 0.5 and 2 value is favourable.
Fig. 4 shows and revises improving one's methods of discharging model E M.Improved method can be depending on running state, is the hypothesis of engine operation point based on deviation between the discharging of the discharging of the ideal engine that embodies among the emission performance figure and real engine.Owing to this reason, use and revise the identical factor that performance plot KK replacement is used for all operating points, this figure comprises the modifying factor that depends on specific run point.In order to confirm particle emission m_soot (t), come the value m_soot_roh (t) of self-discharging model to be multiply by from revising performance plot KK modifying factor that obtain, that be used for given operating point.In this case, have and discharge the identical inependent mode of model E M if revise performance plot KK, for example engine speed n and Engine torque M then can be more favourable.But the correction performance plot limits also with the few inependent mode of brake specific exhaust emission performance plot quantity and is fine.
To explain confirming: when the integration particle sensor is measured (signal M_aktiv) according to the modifying factor of operating point at present; From another performance plot H (" bar chart ") again confirm the integration particle sensor measure during the relative frequency performance plot of engine operation point, said performance plot H with revise the identical inependent mode of performance plot KK and limit.In preferred variants, correction figure KK and bar chart H limit with inependent mode engine speed and moment of torsion.Axis is subdivided into the speed length of interval of Δ n and the moment of torsion length of interval of Δ m, and for example the 100rpm of speed n is interval and the moment of torsion of 5% width of maximum engine torque M is interval.Also therefore sampled point quantity is identical to revise the grid quantity of scheming KK and bar chart H.
Interval at a fixed time Δ t, for example every 20ms during the measurement of integration particle sensor, confirms to comprise the grid of this engine operation point.(n M) increases by 1 to the frequency values H_abs of corresponding grid.When having stopped during the measurement of integration particle sensor, through with absolute frequency value H_abs (n, M) divided by with Δ t be the relative frequency value H_rel that calculates endurance during the measurement of unit each grid (n, M).
After during measuring, stopping, calculate modifying factor f_K from following equality:
f_K＝1/soot_ratio＝m_soot_real/m_soot_ideal
And (n M) surpasses all grids of correction figure KK of the value (for example 0.02) of h_rel_min, revises the modifying factor of revising figure KK for the value h_rel in the corresponding grid of bar chart H.
As stated, for these grids, (n, M) usable levels f_K replaces to revise factor of diagram f_K.But with to be used for the said procedure of single parameter similar, (n, M) final value is stored in and comprises value f_K_alt now (n among correction_map_old M), is particularly favourable with the f_K of all grids of revising performance plot.After the integration particulate filter measure to stop, confirm that (n M) surpasses the modifying factor subvalue of all grids of critical value h_rel_min (for example 0.02) for the analog value h_rel of bar chart.New modifying factor uses following equality to calculate:
f_K(n，M)＝f1*f_K_alt(n，M)+(1-f1)/soot_ratio
Wherein the value of f1 is between 0 to 1, preferably between 0.85 to 0.95.
After revising figure KK renewal, the value H_abs of bar chart (n, M) reset-to-zero.
Can in control unit of engine, realize this control program.Also have as alternative form and can in the external control device of " wagon control computer " that for example be usually used in heavy vehicle, implement this control program.
If the sensor that uses can be distinguished inflammable and nonflammable particulate, then can carry out this program respectively to two kinds of particulates.
Fig. 5 shows second variant of this system construction: particulate filter 12 is positioned at the outlet pipe 15 of internal-combustion engine 11.In this variant, oxidation catalytic converter 16 is positioned at particulate filter 12 fronts, but optional.In order to confirm the temperature of particulate filter 12, at least one temperature transducer 13 is set, it can be placed on particulate filter 12 fronts or back, can also be placed on oxidation transducer 16 fronts.
Internal-combustion engine is by electric control device 14 controls.Temperature transducer 13 also is connected to control gear 14.The for example more multisensor of differential pressure pickup also can be arranged, but this not that the inventive method is necessary.
Fig. 6 shows the relevant portion of the control algorithm in the engine controlling unit 14.A kind of known particle emission model E MP provides the value of the particle mass m_soot of motor 11 dischargings.Another discharging model E MNOx provides the value of the quality m_NOx of existing nitrogen oxides in the blast air that gets into particulate filter 12.Under simple scenario, amount m_soot and/or m_NOx respectively give definite value, and in other variant, its value is confirmed as the function of the motor service data such as engine speed n and moment of torsion M from performance plot.Also can sample and comprise the more complex model of more Operational Limitss.
In a special variant, use a discharging model, it is NO (nitrous oxide) and NO
2(nitrogen dioxide) provides two magnitudes that separate, rather than a magnitude that provides for these nitrogen oxidess.
Control algorithm also comprises charcoal cigarette particulate by the MODEL C RT-M of NOx oxidation, and the nitrogen oxides oxidation is present in the factor f_CRT of the degree of the particulate in the exhaust in its definite expression particulate filter.This factor depends primarily on the temperature of particulate filter 12.For example in the temperature below 200 ℃, NOx can not carry out oxidation.
In a simple variation, MODEL C RT-M comprises the performance curve for particulate filter 12 temperature, its value when low temperature be zero and when high temperature near definite value.This definite value has been considered different (on average) molecular weight of nitrogen oxides and charcoal cigarette, and therefore corresponding to the reciprocal value of the definite NOx-charcoal cigarette ratio of test, promptly charcoal cigarette particulate just no longer is deposited on the critical value on the particulate filter on it.
The further variant of MODEL C RT-M also expands to considers that particulate filter 12 is separated into NO and NO in the different temperatures of diverse location and/or with nitrogen oxides
2
MODEL C RT-M can be used for not coated microgranules filter and the particulate filter with catalyst coat.For the particulate filter with catalyst coat 12, factor f_CRT usually can be than the height of the not coated microgranules filter of same temperature.
Through with factor f_CRT and m_NOx, promptly confirm that through NOx-discharging model E MNOx the quality of nitrogen oxides multiplies each other, confirm negative particulate equivalent mass, in its expression exhaust can particulate filter 12 under the fixed temperature by the quality of the charcoal cigarette particulate of NOx oxidation.
In another calculation procedure, imitate quality m_sott_neg addition through the particle mass m_soot that discharging model E MP estimates mutually with negative particulate, draw effective particle mass m_soot_eff that can be deposited on the particulate filter 12.
Effective particle mass m_soot_eff is imported the computation model DPF-M of particulate filter at present.In a simple version, this model only comprises the simple integral device, and its accumulative total is deposited on the particulate on the misgivings device 12.In other variant, can use more complicated particulate filter 12 models, for example have the model of a plurality of unit on the flow direction of exhaust gases.
Fig. 7 shows the particularly advantageous variant according to the present invention: also considered the charcoal cigarette particulate that the nitrogen oxidess that exist in the outlet pipe 15 exist in the oxidation exhaust more at present rather than be deposited on the particulate filter 12 those here.According to the above computer program that is used for m_soot_eff that provides, if NOx is very high to the ratio of particulate in the exhaust, this amount even possibly be negative value.Even consider that NOx relatively small particle height surplus is very general in exhaust; The particulate that has been deposited on the particulate filter 12 also only can very be removed lentamente; Computing unit Be is provided, and its effective particle mass that will get into the calculating of filter deposition load is restricted to only negative a little value m_soot_eff_lim.
Although above variant with illustrate the mass flow rate of exhaust gas composition, also can use the respective concentration or the volume flowrate of exhaust.
Can in control unit of engine, realize this control program.Perhaps also can in the external control device of " wagon control computer " that for example be usually used in heavy vehicle, realize control program.
Method of the present invention is suitable for diesel engine and spark ignition engine.
Fig. 8 shows the structure of system substantially.Particulate filter 103 is arranged in the outlet pipe 102 of internal-combustion engine 101.Oxidation catalytic converter (not shown here) can be arranged on particulate filter 103 fronts.
Control unit of engine is expressed as CPU.According to the operating point that control unit of engine CPU confirms, discharging model 105 calculates former discharging, such as NOx, HC, CO and particle emission etc.The particle emission model E MP of the estimated value of particle mass or concentration is the part of discharging model 105 in the calculating exhaust.Provide particulate filter model PF-M to be used to simulate the deposition of particulate on the particulate filter 103.If desired, discharging model 105, EMP model and particulate filter model PF-M can and revise step 108,109 and revise through sensor 106,107.Particulate filter model PF-M confirms the deposition load condition and will regenerate to require to be delivered to regeneration control unit 110, and this unit starts the regenerative process next time of particulate filter 103 through control unit of engine CPU.The data of the vehicle-state and the situation of driving are described in label 111 expressions, and these data are transfused to control unit of engine CPU.Discharging model 105, particle emission model E MP and/or particulate filter model PF-M can be included in the control unit of engine CPU.But also can or for example be usually used in realizing at least one model in the external control device of " wagon control computer " of heavy vehicle at the control unit that separates.
Fig. 9 shows the relevant portion of control unit of engine CPU inner control algorithm.A kind of known particle emission model E MP provides the value of particle mass m_soot in the exhaust or concentration.The EMP model capable of using such as engine speed n or moment of torsion M motor the operation variable and/or be arranged in the data that the sensor 106,107 of outlet pipe provides.The volume flow of exhaust is represented by mA.
Control algorithm also comprises particulate filter model PF-M, the deposition of particulate on its simulation particulate filter 103.The model of confirming the deposited particles gross mass is known in the art.Method of the present invention adopt by n imaginary unit Z1, Z2 ... The model that Zn forms, n is value 1 or more, and is preferably 4 to 8.If unit Z1, Z2 ... Zn if promptly use the one-dimensional model of particulate filter 103, then is especially favourable along the flow direction alignment of exhaust.
Unit Z1, Z2 ... Zn can simulate particulate filter 103 sections with different length, if but each unit Z1, Z2 ... Particulate filter 103 sections that the Zn simulation has an equal length, then calculating can be especially simple.
From the unit Z1 of particulate filter model PF-M, Z2 ... The Particle Distribution of Zn is inferred the information BZ about the deposition load condition, as hereinafter is explained in more detail.Will be about the information BZ input calculation routine R_ANF of deposition load condition, it is from BZ and possibly confirm the request ANF of regeneration of particle filters 103 from other data.Can know that from document request ANF possibly be expressed as the digital sedimentation state index of the emergency assessment of binary system (being/deny) request or expression particulate filter regeneration.
As the present technique field was also known, request ANF can regenerate in further calculation routine (not shown here) before in the regeneration of its actual triggering particulate filter 103 and combine with out of Memory.
Figure 10 shows the model PF-M of particulate filter 103.N unit Z1, Z2 ... Among the unit i among the Zn, deposit particle mass m_i, i.e. m_1 among the first module Z1, m_2 etc. among the second unit Z2.The calculating particulate is Z1, Z2 in the unit ... The simple algorithm of the last distribution of Zn each the unit Z1 that arrives model PF-M, Z2 ... The particle mass m_i_ein of the ingress of Zn is divided into two component m_i_par and m_i_trans.Here m_i_par is parallel to the particulate part that the flow direction 112 of exhaust moves, and m_i_trans representes to move and be deposited on the part on particulate filter 103 walls transverse to the direction 112 of blast air.For each unit Z1, Z2 ... Zn is suitable for following equality:
m_i_ein＝m_i_trans+m_i_par。
On the other hand, parallel and the outlet pipe particle mass m_i_par that shifts out unit Zi equal to arrive unit Z1, Z2 ... The particle mass of the ingress of next unit i+1 among the Zn.Therefore
m(i+1)_ein＝m_i_par。
Arrive total particle mass of first module Z1 ingress:
m_1_ein＝m_soot。
In addition, can suppose that wall flow particulate filter device will almost completely remove particulate from exhaust, promptly in the end the outlet port of unit no longer includes the parallel particulate that transmits with flow direction:
m_n_par≈0。
Through with cross stream component m_i_trans to time integral obtain being deposited on each unit Z1, Z2 ... Quality m_i in the Zn.
Advantageously described the division that m_i_ein is divided into two component m_i_par and m_i_trans by factor f_i, each unit of this factor pair is different:
m_i_par＝f_i*m_i_ein
And
m_i_trans＝(1-f_i)*m_i_ein。
Since as stated, no longer flow out particulate at the particulate filter end, then have the following city that concerns:
f_1*f_2*…*f_n≈0。
Can know that from document the particle deposition on the filter wall is along with the v_i_trans of local velocity that flows through wall increases.Therefore the quadratic expression calculated factor f_i through v_i_trans is favourable:
1-f_i＝f+g*v_i_trans+h*(v_i_trans)2。
Through method known in the document, can obtain speed v _ i_trans from particulate filter front exhaust flow velocity with from the resistance of resisting the wall through each unit that flows, this resistance depends on the particle mass m_i that has been deposited on unit Zi again.
Being to be understood that also to have more complicated relation, but for the sake of clarity, no longer goes through at this.
According to the deposition load condition of the particulate filter 103 that characterizes by the particle mass m_i that deposits in each unit Zi, the request of the existing exportable regeneration of particle filters 103 of calculation routine R-ANF.
In improvement, be deposited on the interior particle mass m_i of each unit Zi is assigned to unit Zi divided by particulate filter 103 volume, to obtain the particulate loading B_i of each unit Zi according to the inventive method.If the particulate loading of unit Zi exceeds critical value B_max, then request regeneration.Critical value B_max depends on pack into the mode of outlet pipe 102 of material and the particulate filter of particulate filter 103.For the particulate filter of being processed by silicon carbide (SiC) 103, maximum load preferably is favourable between 8g/l to 10g/l between 2g/l to 12g/l.
In another favourable variant, with the contrast of B_max be not that load B_i with individual unit carries out, but with a plurality of unit, for example the mean load of two or three unit is carried out.
In another variant, to the different particulate loading critical value B_max of different piece employing of particulate filter 103.Here, ratio is low in the value at rear portion if critical value is in the front portion of particulate filter 103, then is particularly favourable, and this is the obstruction that possibly promptly cause particulate filter 103 because of its extreme high load in the front portion of particulate filter 103.
, regeneration request ANF is expressed as the digital sedimentation state index of the regeneration emergency assessment of particulate filter if not being expressed as binary system (be/not) value, if then the sedimentation state index depends on that load B_i in the particulate filter 103 is favourable above the unit Zi quantity of critical value B_max.
In this case, if the first critical value B_max_1 and the second critical value B_max_2 are arranged, preferably B_max_2 is greater than B_max_1, and is then more favourable.In improvement version according to the present invention; The sedimentation state index depends on that its load B_i surpasses quantity and the quantity that its load B_i also surpasses the unit of the second critical value B_max_2 of the unit of the first critical value B_max_1, and the quantity of unit that its load B_i surpasses the first critical value B_max_2 is bigger to the influence of sedimentation state index above the quantity of the unit Zi of the first critical value B_max_1 than its load.
In addition, it is favourable particulate being divided into flammable (charcoal cigarette) and non-flammable (ash) and calculating the load of flammable and not flammable particulate on each unit Zi respectively.
If the unit Zi of unit or par goes up the load of combustible particle and surpasses combustible particle critical value B_brennbar_max just to ask regeneration of particle filters 103 also be favourable.
Figure 11 shows another favourable variant of the present invention.When the nitrogen oxides (NOx) that allows here to exist in the blast air can reduce the very high and/or filter of particle deposition (so-called CRT effect), the especially temperature of particulate filter 103 in the particulate filter 103 considerably and has catalyst coat.
Owing to this reason, propose except particle emission model E MP, also to adopt the further model E MNOx that describes nitrogen oxides emission.This model provides the quality or the concentration value m_NOx of nitrogen oxides in the blast air, and this value can obtain as the performance plot of inependent mode from for example having engine speed n, moment of torsion M or similar Operational Limits.
Provide NOx-to influence model (NOx-MOD) in addition, it has considered that nitrogen oxides is to being deposited on the influence of particle mass on the particulate filter 103.The nitrogen oxides quality m_NOx that obtains according to the particle mass m_soot that obtains from particle emission model E MP, from NOx discharging model E MNOx and the temperature T _ PF of particulate filter; This model has been confirmed effective particle mass m_soot_eff, and it is owing to reduce and be deposited on the particulate filter 103 according to the influence of the nitrogen oxides of temperature.
Because NOx depends on the temperature of particulate filter 103 to the oxidation of particulate, so considered temperature T _ PF.Temperature is lower than about 200 ℃, and NOx can not carry out oxidation.
In simple embodiment, in model NOx-MOD, the quality m_Nox of nitrogen oxides multiply by factor f_Temp, and this factor depends on the temperature T _ PF of particulate filter; From particle mass m_soot, deduct this product, and the result who subtracts each other in lower limit to only negative a little value, draw final effective particle mass m_soot_eff.Factor f_Temp is zero and at high temperature is definite value that it has considered different (on average) molecular weight of nitrogen oxides and charcoal cigarette when low temperature.
Load has been shown in Figure 12 the particle mass distribution of back streamwise with respect to the position in the particulate filter taken place.Curve A be particulate record quality mp, curve B is the particle mass mp in the particulate filter that obtains from sedimentation model, particulate filter 103 has been separated into four unit.The mass accumulation mp of particulate in unit Z1, Z2, Z3, the Z4 has been shown among Figure 13.A is that the quality and the B that record are the quality that obtains from sedimentation model.Discovery record and calculated value between very consistent.
Explained method of the present invention with the mass flow rate of exhaust gas composition.Also can use the respective concentration or the volume flowrate of exhaust to substitute mass flow rate.
Claims (8)
1. be used for confirming the method for I. C. engine exhaust stream particle emission, may further comprise the steps:
-prepare to discharge model according to the roadability figure of said internal-combustion engine;
-between fixing or variable measurement zone in the measurement blast air actual particle emission quality and between said measurement zone in the particle emission quality is carried out integration;
-through desirable particle emission quality interior between the said measurement zone of said discharging Model Calculation and between said measurement zone desirable particle emission quality is carried out integration;
-actual particle emission quality integral value that relatively records and the desirable particle emission quality integral value that calculates;
-confirm modifying factor according to the actual particle emission quality integral value that records and the difference of the desirable particle emission quality integral value that calculates;
-when confirming desirable particle emission quality from said discharging model, consider said modifying factor.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, all operating points of said internal-combustion engine are selected unified modifying factor.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, different modifying factors is selected in different operation areas.
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, confirms different modifying factors according to revising performance plot.
5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, considers that different modifying factors is confirmed in the frequency distribution of said internal combustion engine operation point.
6. the method for claim 1; It is characterized in that; New modifying factor f_K from the ratio soot_ratio between previous modifying factor f_K_alt and actual that record and the desirable particle emission quality calculated, use formula f_K=f1*f_K_alt+ (1-f1)/soot_ratio to calculate; In said formula, the value of coefficient f1 is between 0 to 1.
7. the method for claim 1; It is characterized in that; New modifying factor f_K from the ratio soot_ratio between previous modifying factor f_K_alt and actual that record and the desirable particle emission quality calculated, use formula f_K=f1*f_K_alt+ (1-f1)/soot_ratio to calculate; In said formula, the value of coefficient f1 is between 0.85 to 0.95.
8. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, only when said modifying factor is in the truthlikeness interval, carries out said correction.
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0198604A AT413887B (en) | 2004-11-25 | 2004-11-25 | Method for confirming deposition of particulate load in particulate filter in exhaust pipe of internal combustion engine, involves considering correction factor when ideal particulate emissions are at discharge mode |
| ATA1986/2004 | 2004-11-25 | ||
| AT20722004A AT501102B1 (en) | 2004-12-09 | 2004-12-09 | Exhaust emission determining process for internal combustion engine involves preparing model, measuring actual particle emissions over interval, and integrating them |
| ATA2072/2004 | 2004-12-09 | ||
| ATA795/2005 | 2005-05-10 | ||
| AT0079505A AT502086B1 (en) | 2005-05-10 | 2005-05-10 | Exhaust emission determining process for internal combustion engine involves preparing model, measuring actual particle emissions over interval, and integrating them |
| PCT/AT2005/000416 WO2006055992A2 (en) | 2004-11-25 | 2005-10-20 | Process for determining particle emission in the exhaust gas flow from an internal combustion engine |
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| CN201210110082.6A Division CN102787890B (en) | 2004-11-25 | 2005-10-20 | Method for determining particle accumulation in particle filter arranged in exhaust gas flow of internal combustion engine |
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| PL1916394T3 (en) | 2006-10-17 | 2009-08-31 | Ibiden Co Ltd | Exhaust gas purifying apparatus, exhaust gas purifying method, and particulate matter measuring method |
| EP2574762B1 (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2015-01-07 | Volvo Car Corporation | Soot emission estimation method and arrangement |
| SE536180C2 (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2013-06-18 | Scania Cv Ab | Method and system for determining particulate emissions in an internal combustion engine |
| CN104832258B (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2017-03-15 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of diesel engine particle catcher DPF carbon accumulation amount estimation methods |
| DE102015209649A1 (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2016-12-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for optimizing engine emissions |
| FR3077096B1 (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2019-12-13 | Renault S.A.S | METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE DILUTION OF FUEL IN THE OIL OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
| CN108457730B (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2020-08-25 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Particulate filter regeneration control system |
| CN110410186B (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2022-12-02 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Method and system for detecting amount of particulate matter, storage medium, and control unit |
| DE102018208683A1 (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2019-12-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and control unit for regulating a fill level of a storage tank of a catalytic converter for an exhaust gas component |
| CN111610128A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-09-01 | 国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Method for measuring dust concentration at inlet of dust remover |
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| US5682317A (en) * | 1993-08-05 | 1997-10-28 | Pavilion Technologies, Inc. | Virtual emissions monitor for automobile and associated control system |
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| US5682317A (en) * | 1993-08-05 | 1997-10-28 | Pavilion Technologies, Inc. | Virtual emissions monitor for automobile and associated control system |
| DE10014224A1 (en) * | 1999-05-07 | 2000-11-30 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Method and device for controlling an internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas aftertreatment system |
| EP1108866A2 (en) * | 1999-12-17 | 2001-06-20 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Method to determine the loading state of a particulate filter of an internal combustion engine |
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