CN101770077B - Beam splitting method and beam splitting system of angular multiplexing reference light pulse - Google Patents
Beam splitting method and beam splitting system of angular multiplexing reference light pulse Download PDFInfo
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- CN101770077B CN101770077B CN2010100313205A CN201010031320A CN101770077B CN 101770077 B CN101770077 B CN 101770077B CN 2010100313205 A CN2010100313205 A CN 2010100313205A CN 201010031320 A CN201010031320 A CN 201010031320A CN 101770077 B CN101770077 B CN 101770077B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a beam splitting method and a beam splitting system of an angular multiplexing reference light pulse. The invention mainly aims at the generation of a reference light pulse in the holographic recording process in an angular multiplexing holographic imaging technology. The invention adopts a wave surface separating concept, enables an ultrashort pulse to be divided into a plurality of pulses at equal intervals and on different directions by utilizing a prism array and provides a solution of one side of reference light for a multipulse angular multiplexing technology. The method comprises the following steps of: enabling the reference light pulse to enter the beam splitting system, sequentially passing through a diaphragm, a double-wedge prism, a baseplate and a deviation prism and finally converge onto a CCD target surface. The method concretely comprises the following steps of: determining the space constraint of reference light angles, determining the concrete distribution of each reference light angle to derive the distribution of the double-wedge prism and the deviation prism on the baseplate and the determination of the sizes of the double-wedge prism and the deviation prism, and finally assembling according to the requirement of system design to realize the beam splitting of the required reference light pulse. The beam splitting system has the advantages of compact structure, easy insertion and adjustability.
Description
[technical field]: the invention belongs to angular multiplexing holographic technique field, mainly solve the generation of reference light multi-angle train of impulses in the holographic recording process.
[background technology]: the angular multiplexing holographic technique has very important use in ultrafast record transient process.The realization of angular multiplexing Technical Reference light one side multi-angle pulse at present realizes through catoptron that mainly not only repeatability is poor, regulates the difficulty height, and will realize greater than the pulse beam splitting of 3 bundles very difficult.The present invention is according to a difficult problem that is run in this actual experiment; Partly require to produce isopulse at interval according to reference light; The characteristics of multi-angle incident provide a solution, and this scheme has compact conformation, is prone to embed, can produce a plurality of pulses and adjustable advantage.
[summary of the invention]: the objective of the invention is requirement according to the angular multiplexing holographic imaging; A kind of angular multiplexing reference light pulse beam-splitting method and divided beam system are provided; After making this system can the reference light divided beam system be passed through in a ultrashort laser pulse, generation has isopulse interval and the different a plurality of pulses in the direction of propagation.
The angular multiplexing reference light pulse beam-splitting method that the multiple-pulse beam splitting is carried out in ultrashort pulse on request provided by the invention is; The reference light pulse light beam incides divided beam system; Pass through diaphragm, double-wedge prism, substrate and deviation prism successively; Diaphragm plays the effect on intercepting corrugated capable of using, and the double-wedge prism plays the effect of regulating optical path difference, and substrate plays the fixedly effect of double-wedge prism and deviation prism; Deviation prism plays light beam is converged to the effect that produces our needed angle on the CCD target surface simultaneously, and the concrete steps of this beam-splitting method are:
The first, confirm the space constraint of reference light angle
According to the principle of holographic imaging, in the axle holography, the angle theta of reference light and thing light must satisfy following condition:
sinθ＜λ/Δp，
Wherein, λ be incident with reference to light wavelength, Δ p is the pixel separation of recording medium.
If thing light impinges perpendicularly on above the recording medium along the z axle, the angle of reference light and z axle just should (0, θ) this interval.This just provides restrictive condition to the angular deflection after our the design reference light beam splitting, and the angle of promptly all reference lighies must be distributed within this scope.
The second, confirm the concrete distribution of each reference light angle
(1) the concrete distribution of reference light angle is by the decision of the spectrum distribution of holographic images; As depicted in figs. 1 and 2; The holographic images that position coordinates on frequency plane is
(a centrosymmetric picture must be arranged at
simultaneously); If X axle and the angle of Y axle in the coordinate system of the corresponding reference light that forms images and recording medium face place be respectively
and ψ, then have:
(2) method of employing wave-front division, then the distribution on frequency plane is identical with holographic images in the distribution on the substrate for double-wedge prism and corresponding deviation prism, just differs a constant factor, derivation is following:
As shown in Figure 1, the x-y plane is the center place reference plane (reference plane is the plane that reference light belongs to when in prism, deviation taking place, and as shown in Figure 36 are reference plane) of incident reference light, the coordinate of some usefulness (x, y) expression it on; X-Y is the CCD target surface, and coordinate of point is with (X, Y) expression on it.
(3) each reproduces the distribution of picture on frequency plane for design: specifically by the size of utilizable spectrum space and the spectral bandwidth k decision of reproducing picture.The size of spectrum space is to be determined by the spatial frequency of reproducing picture; The scope capable of using of spectrum space is to be round dot with the zero level center, and radius is that 2k is to the annular region of radius for
.(because, be the center of circle with the zero level center, radius is to be in the circle of 2k to use the zero frequency composition).The bandwidth k that reproduces the picture frequency spectrum is relevant with the details of record object, and details is many more, and bandwidth is wide more.Size and the bandwidth of reproducing picture according to space capable of using just can design and reproduce the distribution of picture on frequency plane.But in our actual design, always select the bandwidth bigger, in order to keep spectrum information as much as possible than this value as far as possible.
(4) we just can reproduce the spectral bandwidth k of picture with each according to the number m of pulse that reference light divides like this; Under the constraint of the space (being the maximum space of frequency spectrum capable of using) of the reference light angle that the first step is confirmed; Adopt and to take spectrum space, each frequency spectrum principle separated from one another of trying one's best as far as possible; Design and reproduce the distribution of picture on frequency plane, and then derive double-wedge prism and corresponding deviation prism the distribution on its reference plane that is the substrate (distribution of the clear aperature of diaphragm and double-wedge prism and the corresponding distribution of deviation prism on reference plane that is substrate are identical).
Three, the realization of deflection angle and adjustable light path
The schematic diagram of system architecture is as shown in Figure 3, and is to the regulon formation of a pulse, as shown in Figure 4.
According to the derive coordinate (x of center on reference plane of the incident reference light obtain of second step; Y) distribute; And then obtaining the distribution of the clear aperature of diaphragm, definite projecting beam is chosen in acting as according to the distribution of clear aperature of diaphragm, then to each pulse that divides; The a pair of double-wedge prism that utilization is fixed on the substrate is regulated its optical path difference, utilizes the deviation prism corresponding with the double-wedge prism to produce the deviation angle of light.Concrete implementation procedure is:
(1) the deviation angle of deviation prism is confirmed:
According to the deviation prism location in space: promptly the distance H of incident reference light centre distance substrate center and deviation prism are to the projection L of distance on z direction of principal axis (being the reference light incident direction) of CCD target surface; Utilize refraction law to confirm that the inclination angle beta of deviation prism should satisfy:
n is the refractive index of deviation prism glass, and θ is the angle of reference light and thing light and satisfies:
(2) confirming of double-wedge prism:
The structure of double-wedge prism is as shown in Figure 4; Optical path difference is made up of two parts; The double-wedge prism itself has thickness difference on optical direction, it can compensate the different optical path differences of being brought in deviation prism locus, in the process that wherein a slice prism moves up and down simultaneously; Can change the optical path difference on the light incident direction simultaneously, this just provides the method for dynamic adjustments light path for system.
Range of adjustment s according to optical path difference change amount; Confirm the double-wedge prism according to formula: s=(n-1) * Δ t*cot (φ), wherein, n is the refractive index of double-wedge prism glass; Δ t is one of double-wedge prism displacement in the vertical, and the Φ angle is the key groove of prism.So range of adjustment as requested, can instead push away the key groove Φ that obtains prism.
Four, deviation prism and the double-wedge prism the 3rd step confirmed are the distribution on the substrate according to definite double-wedge prism and corresponding deviation prism of second step at reference plane; Deviation prism and double-wedge prism are fixed on the substrate; The diaphragm of simultaneously second step being confirmed is placed on the substrate front, then can obtain m continuous impulse being divided at the CCD target surface.
The present invention comprises according to the angular multiplexing reference light pulse divided beam system that said method provides successively:
Diaphragm: the distribution of the clear aperature on this diaphragm is according to the number m of pulse that reference light divides, and definite by the step of second in the above method, definite projecting beam is chosen in acting as according to the distribution of clear aperature of diaphragm;
Substrate: be arranged on the back of diaphragm, be used for fixing double-wedge prism and corresponding deviation prism, each double-wedge prism is confirmed by the step of second in the said method with the corresponding distribution of deviation prism on substrate;
The double-wedge prism: promptly two identical prism wedges are a pair of; The dip plane is staggered to be made another bottom surface be parallel to each other relatively and is fixed on the substrate diaphragm one side relatively; And two prism wedge can the relative changing of the relative positions be so that regulate optical path difference as required along the dip plane, and the size of double-wedge prism and pitch angle were confirmed by the step of the 3rd in the said method;
Deviation prism: be fixed on the substrate opposite side with corresponding double-wedge prism same position, make corresponding reference light behind the deviation of deviation prism, project the CCD target surface, the pitch angle of deviation prism was confirmed by the step of the 3rd in the said method;
CCD target surface: be used to receive the continuous reference light pulse after beam splitting.
To sum up; Mentality of designing of the present invention is; According to the number of pulses m that will divide reproduce the bandwidth of the frequency spectrum of picture with each; In the space of reference light angle (being the maximum space of frequency spectrum capable of using) constraint down, adopt to take spectrum space, each frequency spectrum principle separated from one another of trying one's best as far as possible, design and reproduce the distribution that looks like on frequency plane.And then obtain the pore diameter distribution of diaphragm, and double-wedge prism and the corresponding distribution of deviation prism on substrate.Confirm the inclination angle of deviation prism again by the deviation relation of light; Confirm the inclination angle of double-wedge prism by range of adjustment, the size of the size of the clear aperature of diaphragm and double-wedge prism and corresponding deviation prism is taken all factors into consideration according to the size of the total light beam of suitable processing dimension and reference light.Requirement according to system design at last assembles the beam splitting that just can realize needed reference light pulse.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect:
The present invention is from making full use of the angle of spectrum space; Broken away from the restriction of regulating through catoptron in the past; The quantity of the pulse that can experimental needs design will divide and the incident angle of reference light; Satisfy the needs of angular multiplexing system to greatest extent, for new thinking has been opened up in the design of angular multiplexing.
The present invention has the system architecture compactness, be prone to embed, capacity usage ratio is high and institute's branch umber of pulse amount more than advantage.
The present invention is suitable for for the pulse beam splitting of the reference light side in the angular multiplexing system, and with regard to the pulse beam splitting of femtosecond, the present invention has produced the branch pulser.
[description of drawings]:
Fig. 1 is a reference light incident space synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the spectrum diagram of holographic images;
Fig. 3 is the system architecture synoptic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the system diagram of each regulon;
Fig. 5 is that the deviation prism light path is pursued and attacked figure;
Fig. 6 is embodiment 1 double-wedge prism and the corresponding distribution plan (front elevation) of deviation prism on substrate;
Fig. 7 is embodiment 2 double-wedge prisms and the corresponding distribution plan (front elevation) of deviation prism on substrate.
Among the figure, 1-double-wedge prism, 2-substrate, 3-deviation prism, 4-diaphragm, 5-image collecting device (like CCD), 6-reference plane.
[embodiment]:
The principle of foundation of the present invention is explained as follows:
The ultrashort pulse monopulse incides diaphragm through expanding bundle, chooses the pulse of ad-hoc location through diaphragm, and each beam pulse is successively regulated through the right light path of double-wedge prism, and the angular adjustment of deviation prism incides above the recording medium at last.Interfere one by one with the train of impulses of thing light side design, reach the experiment purpose of angular multiplexing.
Concrete design process is: at first; According to sin θ＜λ/Δ p; Obtain the maximum angle of reference light and thing light; Then according to the θ that selects; Calculated available maximum spectrum space by
, by the spectral bandwidth k of write down object and the number of the reproduction picture that needs record the number m of the pulse that will divide (promptly), the reproduction of design reference light is as the distribution on frequency plane; Then; In the scope of angle restriction; Possible actual processing dimension in conjunction with prism; Set prism to distance, the distribution of prism on substrate and the processing dimension of prism of recording medium (size and the inclination angle that comprise transmission plane, angle calculate) by
; Afterwards; According to the different fixing optical path differences of being brought in the locus of deviation prism; The thickness of design double-wedge prism compensates; Designing the inclination angle of double-wedge prism according to degree of regulation and scope, is s=(n-1) * Δ t*cot (φ) according to formula: last package system, and according to proofreading and correct systematic error and other error through the adjustable light path part of double-wedge prism in the experiment of reality.
Embodiment 1:
With a ultrashort pulse beam splitting, the parameter and the specific requirement of system for use in carrying are following
Pulse wavelength X: 800 nanometers;
Recurrent interval: 300 femtoseconds;
The optical path difference of adjacent pulse: Δ=90 micron;
Want the number of pulses m:10 of beam splitting
The physical process that writes down is: air ionization, the spectral bandwidth of object are 0.0024 μ m
-1
The medium of record is: CCD, and pixel separation Δ p is 10 microns, target surface is of a size of 5mm*7mm
According to sin θ＜λ/Δ p, obtain the maximum angle of reference light and thing light, then according to the θ that selects, by
Obtain the big or small f=0.05 μ m of utilizable spectrum space
-1, the spectral bandwidth of binding object (0.0024 μ m then
-1) and divide the number m of pulse, according to discrete and don't overlapped principle as far as possible, we become as shown in Figure 6 with the center distribution design of the frequency spectrum of 10 reproduction pictures, are approximately double-wedge prism and the corresponding distribution of deviation prism on substrate; Within the scope of angle restriction, in conjunction with the processing dimension of double-wedge prism with the deviation prism of correspondence, the processing dimension on the deviation prism printing opacity direction of setting double-wedge prism and correspondence is 10mm*10mm; Double-wedge prism and corresponding deviation prism are limited in 50mm apart from the distance H of substrate center, and (because the double-wedge prism is distributed on three concentric circless with corresponding deviation prism, therefore three groups of H being arranged, is (mm of unit): 11.5 from inside to outside successively with interior; 25.8,38.5), the deviation prism of double-wedge prism and correspondence is 1400mm apart from the projection L of distance on the Z axle of CCD target surface; Again according to the deviation angle calculate each deviation prism the pitch angle (pitch angle is same because deviation prism is distributed on three concentric circless, is successively from inside to outside: 89.08 °, 87.93 °; 86.91 °), calculate the optical path difference of required compensation according to the locus of different double-wedge prisms and corresponding deviation prism, (thickness is (mm of unit) successively: 2.942 to design the thickness difference of double-wedge prism in view of the above; 3.001,2.901,2.961; 3.020,3.080,2.916; 2.976; 3.035,3.095), the inclination angle of double-wedge prism is set through needed degree of regulation and range of adjustment.The diaphragm transparent aperture is identical with the location with the size of location and deviation prism.
Embodiment 2:
With a ultrashort pulse beam splitting, the parameter and the specific requirement of system for use in carrying are following
Pulse wavelength: 800 nanometers;
Recurrent interval: 300 femtoseconds;
The optical path difference of adjacent pulse: Δ=90 micron;
Want the number of pulses of beam splitting: 6
The physical process that writes down is: air ionization, the bandwidth of the frequency spectrum of object are 0.0024 μ m
-1)
The medium of record is: CCD, and pixel separation is 10 microns, target surface is of a size of 5mm*7mm
According to sin θ＜λ/Δ p, obtain the maximum angle of reference light and thing light, then according to the θ that selects, by
Obtain the big or small f=0.05 μ m of utilizable spectrum space
-1, the spectral bandwidth of binding object (0.0024 μ m then
-1)) and divide the number m of pulse, according to discrete and don't overlapped principle as far as possible, we become as shown in Figure 7 with the center distribution design of the frequency spectrum of 6 reproduction pictures, are approximately the distribution of prism on substrate.The calculating of other parts is with embodiment 1.
Claims (1)
1. an angular multiplexing reference light pulse beam-splitting method is characterized in that, the reference light pulse light beam incides divided beam system; Pass through diaphragm, double-wedge prism, substrate and deviation prism successively; Diaphragm plays the effect on intercepting corrugated capable of using, and the double-wedge prism plays the effect of regulating optical path difference, and substrate plays the fixedly effect of double-wedge prism and deviation prism; Deviation prism plays light beam is converged to the effect that produces needed angle on the CCD target surface simultaneously, and the concrete steps of this beam-splitting method are:
The first, confirm the space constraint of reference light angle:
According to the principle of holographic imaging, in the axle holography, the angle theta of reference light and thing light must satisfy following condition:
sinθ＜λ/Δp，
Wherein, λ be incident with reference to light wavelength, Δ p is the pixel separation of recording medium,
Promptly the angle of all reference lighies must be distributed in (0, θ) within this interval range;
The second, confirm the concrete distribution of each reference light angle:
(1) holographic images that is
for the position coordinates on frequency plane; X axle and the angle of Y axle in the coordinate system of the corresponding reference light that forms images and recording medium face place be respectively
and ψ, then have:
(2) method of employing wave-front division, then the distribution on frequency plane is identical with holographic images in the distribution on the substrate for double-wedge prism and corresponding deviation prism, just differs a constant factor, derivation is following:
The x-y plane is place, the center reference plane of incident reference light, and coordinate of point is with (x, y) expression on it; L is distance the projection on z direction of principal axis of deviation prism to the CCD target surface, and the z direction of principal axis is the incident direction of reference light, and X-Y is the CCD target surface, and coordinate of point is with (X, Y) expression on it;
(3) confirm each reproduction picture distribution on frequency plane: specifically by the size of utilizable spectrum space and the spectral bandwidth k decision of reproducing picture; The size of spectrum space is to be determined by the spatial frequency of reproducing picture; The scope capable of using of spectrum space is to be round dot with the zero level center, and radius is that 2k is to the annular region of radius for
;
(4) the number m according to pulse that reference light divides reproduces the spectral bandwidth k of picture with each; Under the space constraint of the reference light angle that the first step is confirmed; Adopt and to take spectrum space, each frequency spectrum principle separated from one another of trying one's best as far as possible; Design and reproduce the distribution of picture on frequency plane; And then derive double-wedge prism and the corresponding distribution of deviation prism on reference plane, the distribution of the clear aperature of diaphragm is identical with the corresponding distribution of deviation prism on reference plane that is substrate with the double-wedge prism;
Three, the realization of deviation angle and adjustable light path:
According to the derive coordinate (x of center on reference plane of the incident reference light obtain of second step; Y) distribute; And then obtaining the distribution of the clear aperature of diaphragm, definite projecting beam is chosen in acting as according to the distribution of clear aperature of diaphragm, then to each pulse that divides; The a pair of double-wedge prism that utilization is fixed on the substrate is regulated its optical path difference, utilizes the deviation prism corresponding with the double-wedge prism to produce the deviation angle of light;
(1) angle of inclination of deviation prism is confirmed:
According to the deviation prism location in space: promptly the distance H of incident reference light centre distance substrate center and deviation prism are to the projection L of distance on the z direction of principal axis of CCD target surface; Wherein, The z direction of principal axis is the incident direction of reference light, utilizes refraction law to confirm that the inclination angle beta of deviation prism should satisfy:
(2) confirming of double-wedge prism:
Range of adjustment s according to optical path difference change amount; Confirm the double-wedge prism according to formula: s=(n-1) * Δ t*cot (Φ), wherein, n is the refractive index of double-wedge prism glass; Δ t is one of double-wedge prism displacement in the vertical, and Φ is the key groove of prism;
Four, deviation prism and the double-wedge prism the 3rd step confirmed are the distribution on the substrate according to definite double-wedge prism and corresponding deviation prism of second step at reference plane; Deviation prism and double-wedge prism are fixed on the substrate; The diaphragm of simultaneously second step being confirmed is placed on the substrate front, m the continuous impulse that is then divided in the acquisition of CCD target surface.
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US5379133A (en) * | 1992-06-19 | 1995-01-03 | Atl Corporation | Synthetic aperture based real time holographic imaging |
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| US5379133A (en) * | 1992-06-19 | 1995-01-03 | Atl Corporation | Synthetic aperture based real time holographic imaging |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| JP特开2002-202414A 2002.07.19 |
| 王晓雷等.《超短脉冲数字全息术中的立体角分复用技术》.《物理学报》.2006,第55卷(第3期),第1137-1142页. * |
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