CN101795298A - 允许不同架构中的终端设备在保持其唯一光纤信道域id的同时彼此通信的光纤信道交换机 - Google Patents
允许不同架构中的终端设备在保持其唯一光纤信道域id的同时彼此通信的光纤信道交换机 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种光纤信道交换机,其使得不同架构中的终端设备能够在保持其唯一光纤信道域ID的同时彼此通信。该交换机耦合到具有第一组终端设备的第一架构和具有第二组终端设备的第二架构。该交换机被配置为允许与第一架构相关联的第一组终端设备和与第二组终端设备相关联的第二组终端设备利用第一组和第二组终端设备中的每一个的唯一域ID进行通信。在本发明的一个实施例中,第一和第二架构分别是第一和第二虚拟存储区域网络(VSAN)。在替换实施例中,第一和第二架构是相分离的物理架构。
Description
本申请是2004年6月25日递交的发明名称为“允许不同架构中的终端设备在保持其唯一光纤信道域ID的同时彼此通信的光纤信道交换机”、申请号为200480010826.0(PCT/US2004/020518)的专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请
本发明与2001年12月26日递交的题为“Methods and Apparatus forEncapsulating a Frame for Transmission in a Storage Area Network”的共同未决、普通转让的申请序列号10/034160相关,这里通过引用将该申请包含进来。
技术领域
本发明涉及存储区域网络(storage area network),更具体地说涉及使得不同架构(Fabric)中的终端设备能够在保持其唯一光纤信道ID的同时彼此通信的光纤信道交换机。
背景技术
随着因特网商业和网络中心计算越来越流行,企业和其他组织变得越来越依赖于信息。为了处理所有这些数据,存储区域网络或SAN变得非常流行。SAN通常包括安排在交换架构中的多个存储设备、多个主机和多个交换机,该交换架构连接存储设备和主机。
大多数SAN依赖于光纤信道协议来在架构内通信。关于对光纤信道协议和光纤信道交换架构和服务的详细说明,请参考2002年2月8日美国国家标准协会(NCITS)的Fibre Channel Framing and Signaling Standard版本1.70,以及2001年6月26日NCITS的Fibre Channel Switch Fabric-2版本5.4以及2000年11月28日NCITS的Fibre Channel Generic Services-3版本7.01,这里通过引用将这些文献都包含进来,用于所有用途。
在光纤信道中,每个设备(主机、存储设备和交换机)由制造商分配的全球唯一的八(8)字节宽的全球名称(WWN)所标识。在FC网络中使用了两种WWN。如果考虑具有一个或多个FC适配器(或HBA或端口)的设备连接到FC网络,则每个设备被分配一个节点WWN(nWWN),并且每个适配器被分配一个端口WWN(pWWN)。nWWN和pWWN彼此不同。当光纤信道设备被互连以形成SAN时,WWN(以及其他参数)是标识每个设备的主要机制。光纤信道被用于SAN中的设备之间的通信。但是,WWN却不被帧所使用。每个适配器或端口必须登录到FC网络。此时,每个端口被架构动态地分配唯一的光纤信道地址(FC_ID)。FC_ID用于FC网络中,以便终端设备彼此寻址。
三字节宽的光纤信道地址在三个字段中分级构造,每个字段为一字节长:域ID(Domain_ID)、区域ID(Area_ID)和端口ID(Port_ID)。架构内的每个交换机被分配一个域ID。附接到特定交换机的终端用户被分配该交换机的域ID。交换机管理每个终端设备的区域ID和端口ID分配,以保证所分配的地址在该域中的唯一性。例如,如果交换机被分配第五号域,并且交换机将其地址空间再分为两个区域,每个区域具有三个连接的终端设备,则可能的光纤信道地址分配为5:1:1、5:1:2、5:1:3、5:2:1、5:2:2和5:2:3。
基于SAN的光纤信道通常被组织成分区(zone)。在每个分区内,主机只能看到和访问属于该分区的存储设备或其他主机。这允许了不同计算环境的相同SAN的共存。例如,可以在SAN上定义Unix分区和单独的Windows分区。属于Unix分区的Unix服务器只能访问Unix分区内的存储或主机设备,并且不干扰连接到SAN的其他设备。同样地,属于Windows分区的Windows服务器只能访问Windows分区内的存储或主机设备,而不会干扰连接到SAN的其他设备。SAN管理员可按照连接到SAN的计算和存储资源的需要或要求,在SAN中定义多个分区。交换架构只允许属于相同分区的设备之间的通信,防止一个分区的设备看到或访问另一分区的设备。
大企业内的信息基础设施通常具有多个SAN,每个SAN专用于企业内的不同组织或应用。例如,大的公司对于公司、销售部门、市场部门等可能有不同的SAN。每个SAN通常将会包括连接多个主机和存储设备的冗余光纤信道架构。光纤信道架构中的冗余交换机是在一个架构中的交换机或链路发生故障的情况下提供的。如果发生这种情况,则冗余架构将会被用于允许SAN的正常操作。另一个示例是使用专用SAN来管理邮件服务器,例如Mircrosoft Exchange。
上述部署具有多个缺点。首先,给定SAN中的主机只能与该同一SAN中的存储设备通信。一个SAN中的主机无法与第二SAN中的存储设备直接通信。此部署不仅效率低下,而且昂贵。由于在SAN间无法共享存储设备,所以对于每个SAN要求单独的存储设备。
上述专利申请通过引入虚拟SAN或“VSAN”的概念而部分地解决了此问题。VSAN的实现是基于以下概念的:将单个物理SAN的交换架构划分成逻辑SAN,每个逻辑SAN被称为VSAN。每个VSAN的属性与标准SAN类似,具体而言:(i)单播、广播和多播流量被限制到一个VSAN而不是跨越多个VSAN;(ii)光纤信道标识符(FC_ID)是按照VSAN来分配的。这意味着给定FC地址可被分配到两个不同VSAN中的两个不同主机;(iii)路由和分布式架构服务,例如名称服务器、分区服务器等是为每个VSAN独立维护的。这导致了将配置或拓扑变化的影响限制到仅为受影响的VSAN。在每个VSAN内,帧被用FC_ID按任何正常SAN中的方式转发。
用于允许不同VSAN中的终端设备彼此通信的一种已知解决方案涉及终端设备的虚拟化,以便在每个VSAN的架构中存在每个终端设备的“本地实例”。例如参考美国专利公布2003/0012204。此方法的一个问题是VSAN之间的边界交换机为源和目的地终端设备执行FC_ID转换(即,网络地址转换或NAT)。如果边界交换机发生故障,则需要创建替换或故障恢复路径。此外,对于某些帧,源和/或目的地FC_ID可能都在有效载荷中定义。因此必须提供标识和转换这些ID的机制。如果加密或专用协议被用于源和目的地终端设备之间,则此解决方案也不起作用,这是因为边界交换机无法处理专用有效载荷或者对帧解密以便标识源和目的地FC_ID。
需要一种光纤信道交换机和架构,其使得不同架构中的终端设备能够在保持其唯一的光纤信道域ID的同时彼此通信。
发明内容
为了实现以上目的,并且根据本发明的目的,公开了一种交换机,其使得不同架构中的终端设备能够在保持其唯一光纤信道域ID的同时彼此通信。该交换机耦合到具有第一组终端设备的第一架构和具有第二组终端设备的第二架构。该交换机被配置为允许与第一架构相关联的第一组终端设备和与第二架构相关联的第二组终端设备利用第一组和第二组终端设备中的每一个的唯一域ID进行通信。在本发明的一个实施例中,第一和第二架构分别是第一和第二虚拟存储区域网络(VSAN)。在替换实施例中,第一架构和第二架构是相分离的物理架构。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的示例性光纤信道架构。
图2是根据本发明的示例性VSAN拓扑。
图3是示出VSAN边界交换机的另一VSAN拓扑。
图4A和4B是根据本发明为VSAN间路由而修改的示例性光纤信道帧。
图5是根据本发明定义“VSAN间分区”的示例性SAN。
图6是根据本发明用于图示对FSPF协议的修改的示例性VSAN。
图7是用于图示本发明的操作的示例性VSAN。
图8是根据本发明用于实现VSAN间路由的交换机的框图。
具体实施方式
在以下描述中,阐述了许多特定细节以便提供对本发明的充分理解。但是,对于本领域的技术人员显而易见的是,本发明可在没有这些特定细节中的某些或全部的情况下实现。在其他示例中,未详细描述公知的过程步骤,以免不必要地模糊本发明的主题。
在光纤信道SAN中,由架构提供的主要服务包括:动态地址分配、路由、名称服务分区服务和事件通知。本发明涉及利用唯一域ID进行的VSAN间和/或架构间路由。这里所定义的本发明的特定术语包括:
VSAN间分区-包含来自多个VSAN的成员的分区。
VSAN边界交换机-向和自一对VSAN路由流量的交换机。
非相邻VSAN-如果链路不在两个VSAN之间传输流量,则这两个VSAN被视为在该链路上不相邻。
转接VSAN-用于在两个或多个非相邻边缘VSAN之间的链路上传送流量的VSAN。从而转接VSAN横跨非相邻VSAN,并使其能够彼此通信。利用此部署,物理SAN被划分为低层VSAN和用于处理VSAN之间的切换的高层转接VSAN。
边缘VSAN-流量被从其切换去到或来自转接VSAN的VSAN。边缘VSAN可以是转接VSAN。
参见图1,示出了根据本发明的简化的存储区域网络(SAN)100。SAN 100包括第一VSAN 102和第二VSAN 104。第一VSAN 102包括交换机E2和FC_ID地址为1.1.1的终端设备pWWN1。第二VSAN 104包括交换机E4和FC_ID地址为2.1.1的终端设备pWWN4。在每个VSAN中还包括边界交换机B1。为了示例性目的,VSAN 102和VSAN 104被示为各自只有一个交换机和一个终端设备。应该理解,SAN 100可被分成更多个VSAN,其中每个VSAN包括一个或多个交换机和一组终端设备(主机和/或存储设备,其中该组中的数目可以是从一个到多个终端设备)。
利用本发明,终端设备pWWN1和pWWN4可在保持其各自的FC_ID地址的同时彼此通信。这是通过横跨两个VSAN的边界交换机B1来实现的。在单步骤过程中,源自终端设备pWWN1的分组被通过边界交换机B1从VSAN 102注入到VSAN 104和pWWN4,反之亦然。
应该注意,这里所使用的术语“架构”一般是指被分成相分离的虚拟SAN的单个物理架构。图1中所示的两个VSAN 102和104也可是两个物理上相分离的架构或SAN。在任一种情况下,边界交换机都使得终端设备pWWN1和pWWN4能够在保持其各自的FC_ID地址的同时彼此通信。对于本申请的其余部分,本发明是联系单个架构或SAN的VSAN来描述的。但是,应该理解,这里所教导的本发明也可用于两个相分离的架构或SAN。
本发明的使用唯一域ID的VSAN间路由最初要求管理员定义架构中的能够彼此通信的一个或多个VSAN间(Inter-VSAN)以及终端设备。在架构被配置后,边界交换机:(i)与架构中的其他边界交换机交换VSAN间路由协议(IVRP)消息,以便确定到不同VSAN的拓扑和最短路径。在没有路由协议的情况下,需要静态配置来确定必须由帧从源边缘VSAN转接到终端边缘VSAN的那组VSAN;(ii)在每个VSAN和邻近VSAN中的邻近交换机之间交换架构最短路径优先(FSPF)信息。具体而言,边界交换机将路由注入到连接到边界交换机的转接VSAN和/或边缘VSAN中;(iii)仅当更新影响到去往任何输出域ID的路由和链路成本时才在边缘和转接VSAN之间传播FSPF更新;(iv)与其在链接上的邻近交换机交换分区信息;(v)与其邻近交换机交换名称服务器数据库。只有VSAN间分区中与VSAN有关的那些条目才在VSAN上被交换;(vi)对于从本地VSAN中的交换机接收到的查询,为远程边缘VSAN中的每个交换机充当代理,作为名称服务器;(vii)将从边缘VSAN接收到的帧的VSAN为外出流量的转接VSAN,相反地将从转接VSAN接收到的帧的VSAN转换为适当的边缘VSAN;以及(viii)终止相邻边缘VSAN中的所有控制流量,包括FSPF、分区服务器和名称服务器。边界交换机执行的每个功能在下文中更详细描述。
参见图2,示出了根据本发明的示例性SAN。此示例中的SAN 10包括三个边缘VSAN(VSAN=1、VSAN=2和VSAN=3)、一个转接VSAN、四个交换机A、B、C和D以及三个终端设备pWWN1、pWWN2和pWWN3。主机pWWN1被包含在VSAN1中。第二主机pWWN2被包含在VSAN2中。存储设备pWWN3被包含在VSAN3中。转接VSAN 12被用于交换未连接的边缘VSAN1、VSAN2和VSAN3之间的流量。下文所描述的转接VSAN 12使得主机pWWN1和pWWN2能够访问存储设备pWWN3,反之亦然。在光纤信道中,诸如主机和存储设备这样的终端设备只利用光纤信道地址来通信。正如上述专利申请中详细描述的,随着VSAN的发展,标签证明光纤信道地址合格,以便它可被路由经过交换架构,同时对终端设备透明。
转接VSAN 12交换来自未连接的边缘VSAN对1-3和2-3的流量,反之亦然。根据各种实施例,交换机B和C之间的链路可以是标准FC链路或远程(例如FCIP、DWDM上FC等)链路。转接VSAN 12与任何其他VSAN类似,并且可能有附接到它的它自己的终端设备。转接VSAN 12不关心它交换流量去到或来自的邻近边缘VSAN的性质。换言之,转接VSAN可将流量交换到另一转接VSAN或从另一转接VSAN交换流量。
参见图3,示出了图示边界交换机的另一SAN 20拓扑。边界交换机是链接在边缘VSAN和转接VSAN之间的交换机或者是作为边缘VSAN和转接VSAN的一部分的交换机。在此示例中,VSAN1包括主机(pWWN1,FC_ID=3.1.1)以及交换机S1至S5。VSAN2包括存储设备(pWWN2,FC_ID=2.1.1)以及交换机S6至S10。假设转接VSAN包括交换机S2、S3、S4、S5、S8和S10,则S2和S4被视为边界交换机,即使它们不一定在VSAN1的边界处。从转接VSAN到VSAN1的流量由交换机S3交换,来自交换机S1并被引导到转接VSAN的流量由S4交换。类似地,交换机S8和S10是VSAN2的边界交换机。在另一示例中,在图2中交换机B和C被定义为边界交换机,因为它们能够交换转接VSAN 12与VSAN1、VSAN2和VSAN3之间的流量。
参见图4A,示出帧30,其具有扩展交换机间链路(EISL)格式,通常用于承载多个VSAN的链路上。虽然EISL格式也可用于承载单个VSAN的链路上,但是关于仅承载单个VSAN的链路的另一选项是将交换机与VSAN的入口端口配置为与在该端口上接收到帧相关联。帧30包括帧开始(SOF)字段32、EISL头部字段34、EISL有效载荷字段36、EISL循环冗余校验(CRC)字段38和帧结束(EOF)字段40。SOF字段32是帧定界符的开始。EISL有效载荷字段36包括用于标准ISL帧的头部和有效载荷。EISL CRC字段306用于保存EISL特有的CRC值。
EISL CRC值不同于为常规ISL帧计算的标准CRC值,或者是其修改,这是因为在具有附加的EISL头部字段34的情况下EISL帧30相应的长度较长。EOF字段40划定帧30结束的界限。
参见图4B,示出了EISL头部字段34。此字段包括多个子字段,包括用于指示EISL头部字段34的存在的EISL指示符字段42,指示EISL头部的版本的EISL版本字段44。在一个实施例中,版本字段44至少为两比特宽,从而允许最多指示EISL帧的四个版本。如果需要指示EISL帧的更多版本,则可使用额外的比特。帧类型字段46被用于指示帧要携带的流量的类型。流量类型例如可包括以太网、光纤信道或无限带宽(Infiniband)。在一个实施例中,帧类型字段46为四比特宽,从而最多允许在架构上传输十六种不同的流量类型。此外,各自能够传输不同流量类型的多个VSAN可通过此字段中提供的流量类型的标识而被互连起来。多协议标签交换(MPLS)字段48指示帧是否携带MPLS信息,例如标签栈56,其中标签栈是光纤信道和以太网的常见转发机制。在一个实施例中,MPLS字段48为一比特宽。当被置位时,它指示EISL头部34包括MPLS标签栈56。否则它被清零。
优先级字段50指示EISL帧30的用户优先级。优先级可以按多种方式来定义。一个示例是,用户优先级可以是一般化的数字优先级,没有受保证的服务级别。例如,较高的值代表较高的用户优先级,而较低的值可代表较低的优先级。较高的优先级先接收可用带宽,不论有多少总带宽可用。另一个示例是,用户优先级可指示EISL帧的有效载荷的服务质量(QoS)。一般而言,优先级字段50的宽度取决于优先级类型和/或优先级的数目。
VSAN标识符字段52或“标签”被用于标识帧30属于特定VSAN。更具体而言,VSAN标识符字段52标识EISL帧30的有效载荷属于特定VSAN。根据一个实施例,VSAN标识符字段412是十二比特宽的字段。标识符的格式可以与VLAN标识符的相同或类似,并且与诸如以太网这样的某些标准协议中采用的地址类似。
在某些SAN中,可能存在会导致帧经过网络内的环的拓扑以及路由问题。这种环会不必要地消耗带宽。为了解决此问题,生存时间(TTL)字段54可用于指示TTL值,该值指定在帧被丢弃之前可经过的剩余跳的数目。插入到字段54中的TTL值是由生成EISL帧30的网络设备(例如交换机)来初始化的。TTL缺省值最初被设置为任意数字,例如十六。随着每一跳,接收EISL 帧的后续网络设备(例如交换机)将TTL值递减1。为1的TTL值向接收网络设备(例如交换机)指示EISL帧应当被丢弃。当EISL帧被丢弃时,错误消息可被发送到帧的计划接收者以及帧的发送者。类似地,为0的TTL值可指示TTL字段54应当被忽略,从而允许EISL帧被交换机转发。
在承载多个VSAN的链路上,交换机利用帧30通信。每个帧30除了上述内容以外还包括源和目的地终端设备的光纤信道地址(FC_ID)。VSAN ID 52证实特定帧30属于特定VSAN,并且对终端设备透明。关于VSAN内帧30的交换的更多信息,请参见上述专利申请。
参见图5,示出了根据本发明的包括“VSAN间分区”的VSAN 60。VSAN间分区被定义为具有来自多个VSAN的成员的分区。在此示例中,VSAN间分区X包括VSAN 1中的主机pWWN1(FC_ID 1.1.1)以及VSAN 3中的存储设备。pWWN3(FC-ID 8.1.1)。VSAN间分区Y包括VSAN 2中的主机pWWN2(FC_ID 3.1.1)以及VSAN 3中的同一存储设备pWWN3(FC-ID 8.1.1)。从而创建了VSAN间分区X和Y,以使得主机pWWN1和pWWN2都分别可与存储设备pWWN3通信。
利用VSAN间分区,边界交换机确定:(i)从相邻边缘VSAN输出到转接VSAN中的名称服务器数据库的内容,反之亦然;(ii)在链路状态更新(LSU)消息中要输出的FSPF域集合;(iii)要从相邻边缘VSAN交换到转接VSAN的地址集合,反之亦然;(iv)从转接VSAN接收到的SW_RSCN被传播到的相邻边缘VSAN集合;(v)从相邻边缘VSAN接收到的要传播到转接VSAN中的SW_RSCN集合。换言之,VSAN间分区是输入和输出数据以及控制流量从中出现的点。由于分区配置是公知的概念,所以经由VSAN间分区的VSAN间路由的配置简化了架构中的控制和管理。
与VSAN中的常规分区类似,VSAN间分区被包含在分区集合内,并且存在活动分区集合。从而边界交换机确定来自活动分区集合中的VSAN间分区的输入和输出流量。
在典型SAN中,当在两个交换机之间建立链路时,实现了多种协议。这些协议包括端口管理器;域管理器;分区服务器;架构最短路径优先(FSPF);名称服务器和交换机寄存器状态变化通知(SW_RSCN)协议,正如上述NCITS文件中所描述的那样。如下所述,正如本发明所预期的,已为VSAN间路由而修改了上述协议。
端口管理器协议:端口管理器协议在两个交换机间协商参数,并且确定链路是交换机间链路(ISL)还是扩展交换机间链路(EISL)。如果链路是EISL,则意味着链路能够承载VSAN帧。否则,端口管理器协议按与用常规SAN相同的方式操作VSAN。
域管理器协议:域管理器协议负责为SAN中的每个交换机、主机和存储设备分配域ID和/或光纤信道地址(FC_ID)。如上所述,FC_ID包括三个成分:域ID、区域ID和端口ID。在初始化期间,为SAN选择主交换机。主交换机负责为每个交换机分配域ID。然后每个交换机负责为连接到该交换机的每个终端设备选择区域ID和端口ID。
根据本发明,在将要彼此通信的VSAN间,域编号空间必须是唯一的。存在多种保持此唯一性的方式,包括:(i)在VSAN间管理性地划分域编号空间;或(ii)关联仅用于VSAN间路由的域ID集合。例如,200-239之间(或任何其他任意范围)的域ID可专用于VSAN路由。在VSAN间通信所需要的交换机可被管理性地配置为请求专用编号空间范围中的域ID。
分区服务器协议:在标准SAN中,分区服务器协议负责创建和维护每个交换机内定义SAN中的每个分区的数据库。表中的分区是就每个分区中的主机和存储设备来定义的。主机和/或存储设备可属于多个分区。为了确保SAN间的一致的分区数据库,当两个交换机间出现ISL链路时,在交换机间交换分区数据库,以确保一致性并防止相冲突的分区定义。如果没有冲突,则分区数据库被合并。如果存在冲突,则链路被隔离,并且直到解决该冲突,数据流量才能流经该链路。作为分区服务器协议的一部分,一旦添加、删除或修改分区,就在整个架构中传播变化。
为了支持VSAN间路由,修改分区服务器协议以适应具有不同VSAN中的成员的VSAN间分区。此外,可设计现有机制或新机制,以确保VSAN间分区的一致性。由于在边界交换机处VSAN被终止,因此域内分区不被传播到转接VSAN。
架构最短路径优先(FSPF)协议:FSPF是链路状态路径选择协议。FSPF保持跟踪架构中的所有交换机上的链路的状态,并将成本与每个链路相关联。协议通过添加路径所经过的所有链路的成本,并且选定或选择使成本最小的路径,从而来计算从每个交换机到架构中的所有其他交换机的路径。架构中的所有交换机的链路状态记录(LSR)(包括成本)的汇集构成了架构的拓扑数据库,其被称为链路状态数据库。
FSPF具有四个主要成分,包括:(i)用于建立邻近交换机之间的连接性,建立邻近交换机的标识以及在邻近交换机交换FSPF参数和能力的“Hello”协议;(ii)复制后的架构拓扑或链路状态数据库,其中具有保持架构上数据库同步的协议和机制;(iii)路径计算算法;以及(iV)路由表更新。
链路状态数据库同步又包括两个主要成分:初始数据库同步和更新机制。初始数据库同步用于交换机被初始化时或者交换机间链路(ISL)出现时。更新机制用于(i)存在链路状态变化时,例如当ISL消失或出现时;或(ii)在周期性基础上时,以防止交换机从数据库中删除拓扑信息。
对于FSPF协议,术语“路径选择”是指架构中的源和目的地之间的成本最少或“最佳”路径。术语“路由”是指将帧实际转发到特定目的地。FSPF执行逐跳路由,这意味着架构中的交换机只需要了解到目的地的最佳路径上的下一跳。复制后的拓扑数据库确保架构中的每个交换机具有相同的架构定义,因此,所有的交换机将会做出一致的路由判决。通常,对于架构中的每个目的地域,交换机需要了解应使用哪个路径来将帧路由到域。因此路由表条目至少需要向其转发帧的目的地域ID和E_Port。
由于FSPF协议被包含在VSAN内,因此为了支持其他VSAN中的域的路由,实现以下修改:
对于作为VSAN间分区的一部分的设备的每个域ID,边界交换机考虑域ID,以便公告到相邻VSAN中。相邻VSAN可以是转接VSAN或边缘VSAN。如果VSAN是转接VSAN,或者在VSAN中存在是同一VSAN间分区的一部分的设备,则这样选择的域ID被公告到相邻VSAN中。
此外,边界交换机将被路由经过VSAN的帧的VSAN重写为相邻VSAN的VSAN。因此,对于被从边缘VSAN路由到转接VSAN的帧,边界交换机将VSAN从边缘VSAN重写为转接VSAN。
参见图6,示出了可用于图示对FSPF协议的修改的示例性SAN 70。SAN 70包括VSAN1、VSAN2、转接VSAN和架构间分区Z,该分区具有成员pWWN1、pWWN2和pWWN4。对于标准SAN,交换机C4会将其链路状态数据库的LSR公告到其自身、交换机C3、交换机E3和交换机E4,其中每个LSR将会包含关于连接到交换机C4的所有链路的信息。对于VSAN间路由,交换机C4只会公告用于交换机E4的路由以及链路成本。类似地,交换机E3只会公告用于E4的路由。类似地,交换机C1和C2各自公告用于E2和E1的路由。在接收到来自交换机C3和C4的路由公告时,交换机C1和C2将从转接VSAN获得的用于交换机E4的路由公告到VSAN 1中。同样地,交换机C3和C4将用于交换机E1和E2的路由公告到VSAN 2中。从转发表角度来看,交换机C1和C2必须将想去往E4的帧的VSAN从VSAN1更改为转接VSAN。在相反方向上,它们将会把从交换机E1和E2接收到的帧的VSAN从转接VSAN更改为VSAN1。类似地,交换机C3和C4将会把想去往E1和E2的帧的VSAN从VSAN 2更改为转接VSAN,并将从交换机E4接收到的帧的VSAN从转接VSAN更改为VSAN 2。
名称服务器协议:对于名称服务器协议,每个交换机与SAN中的其他交换机交换关于其本地附接的终端设备的信息。为每个终端设备交换的信息包括全球名称(pWWN)、光纤信道地址(FC_ID)、终端设备支持的协议类型(SCSI、IP等),以及终端设备是发起者(即主机)还是目标(即存储设备)。
为了支持VSAN间路由,对于边界交换机上的名称服务器的改变为:(i)构建要被输出到转接VSAN或边缘VSAN的名称服务器条目列表。此列表是从所定义的VSAN间分区创建的,以及(ii)为与远程域相关联的域终止和代理名称服务器查询,并且代表被查询的交换机的名称服务器做出响应。
再次参见图6,可通过示例方式图示名称服务器协议的修改规则。
1)交换机C1和C2向转接VSAN中的名称服务器数据库添加设备pWWN1和pWWN2。类似地,交换机C3和C4将pWWN4添加到转接VSAN中的名称服务器数据库。当C4公告到转接VSAN中的域E3的路由并且C1和C2接收到此公告时,正如FC标准所指定的那样,它们中的每一个向E3的名称服务器发送名称服务器查询,以查询关于所有附接到E3的终端设备的信息。根据查询所采取的路由,C3或C4截取此查询,并代表E3仅以关于pWWN4的信息做出响应。同样地,当C1和C2公告到域E1和E2的路由时,该路由被C3和C4所接收。然后C3和C4向E1和E2发送名称服务器查询,该查询被C1或C2所截取,C1或C2充当代理并代表被公告的域的名称服务器做出响应。关于对E1的查询,C1和C2仅以关于pWWN1的信息做出响应,关于对E2的查询,C1和C2仅以关于pWWN2的信息做出响应。
2)当到域E4的路由被C1和C2所公告时,在VSAN 1中发生类似的过程。在此情况下,VSAN 1中的每个交换机E1和E2向E4的名称服务器发送关于所有附接到E4的终端设备的名称服务器查询。根据查询所采取的路由,C1或C2截取查询,并仅以关于pWWN4的信息做出响应。
3)当C3和C4公告到域E1和E2的路由时,在VSAN 2中发生与以上类似的过程。
4)如果设备被添加到已被公告的域中或者如果被公告的设备的状态变化,则经由SW_RSCN输送关于变化的通知。当交换机接收到SW_RSCN时,它向SW_RSCN中标识的终端设备所附接到的交换机发送名称服务器查询。此查询也被边界交换机所截取,并由边界交换机做出响应。
寄存器状态变化通知(SW_RCSN)协议
一旦名称服务器数据库变化,SW_RSCN就被在交换机间交换。变化通常是由于本地连接的端口、本地连接的交换机或分区服务器数据库的状态变化而引起的。SW_RSCN是由检测到变化的交换机所发起的,并且被发送到VSAN中的每个其他交换机。SW_RSCN包含关于受影响的终端设备或域ID的信息(域ID用于变化影响整个交换机时,正如FC-MI技术报告中指定的那样,此处通过引用将该技术报告包含进来用于所有用途)。此信息包括终端设备的端口WWN及其FC_ID。SW_RSCN可包含关于多个终端设备的通知。
对于VSAN间路由,一个VSAN中的变化必须被传播到其他VSAN,如果该变化影响VSAN间分区中的设备的话。考虑图6中的拓扑。如果交换机E4失去到pWWN4的连接,则它向C3和C4发送SW_RSCN。由于pWWN4处于VSAN间分区中,并且C3和C4是边界交换机,因此它们都会将SW_RSCN传播到转接VSAN。SW_RSCN被C1和C2所接收,C1和C2又将SW_RSCN传播到VSAN 1中。从而,生成了重复的SW_RSCN,这样效率是较低的。
通过选择单个交换机负责将SW_RSCN从一个VSAN分布到另一个,可防止SW_RSCN帧的复制。对这种交换机的选择可以用多种方式来实现,例如:(i)由系统管理员静态配置;(ii)选择VSAN中的主交换机作为被指定为用于分布SW_RSCN的交换机;(iii)然后边界交换机可以只将来自相邻VSAN的SW_RSCN公告到主交换机中,然后主交换机在其VSAN内分布SW_RSCN;或者(iv)可基于某个方案选择边界交换机之一,所述方案例如是去到为其进行广告的VSAN的最短路径、具有最高“交换WWN”的交换机等。不论负责交换机是哪个,每个接收SW_RSCN的交换机就像按照正常RSCN规则那样将变化通知给注册终端主机。
示例
图7给出一种情形,其中两上设备pWWN1和pWWN2需要与存储设备pWWN3通信。pWWN2和pWWN3之间的通信与先前已经讨论的其他情形类似,因此这里将不再详细讨论。但是,考虑pWWN1与pWWN3通信的情形,其中在VSAN 2和VSAN 3的边界交换机之间没有直接连接。图7示出此拓扑的两个子情形:当两个转接VSAN相同时以及当它们不相同时。
当转接VSAN相同时,为了使pWWN1与pWWN3通信,定义了包含两个设备的VSAN间分区。必须有一个或多个连接携带转接VSAN流量的交换机S2和S3的链路。如果交换机间的链路不是直接的,则S2和S3之间的路径中的所有交换机必须携带转接VSAN。
当转接VSAN不相同时,必须定义VSAN间分区,以便可将帧从一个转接VSAN交换到另一个。在图7中,去到与PWWN1相关联的交换机的路由在转接VSAN中被S1公告。正如上文所指定的,当S2听到此路由公告时,它在VSAN 1中公告该公告。在VSAN 1中,当S3听到此公告时,它将路由公告传播到转接VSAN V2,然后在这里S4在VSAN 3中公告。现在已在连接到终端设备PWWN1和PWWN3的交换机之间建立了路径,因此可发生通信。随同路由公告,还发生如上文所指定的名称服务器查询代理和SW_RSCN传播。
参见图8,示出根据本发明可用于SAN中的VSAN间路由的交换机的框图。交换机80包括数据平面82和控制平面84。在数据平面82中,交换机包括连接在两组端口88a和88b之间的交换逻辑86。交换逻辑被配置为将在一个端口88a上接收到的流量路由或内部交换到另一个端口88b,反之亦然。控制平面包括状态机90,用于实现端口管理器;域管理器;分区服务器;架构最短路径优先(FSPF);名称服务器以及寄存器状态变化通知(RSCN)协议,以及这里所述的它们的修改和变化。在替换实施例中,协议可实现在硬件、可编程逻辑、运行在微控制器上的软件或其组合中。
本发明的上述实施例应该被考虑为示例性的而不是限制性的。这里所描述的各种变化命令只是示例性的,也可使用其他类型的命令。本发明不应该被限于这里给出的细节,而是可在所附权利要求书的范围和等同物内被修改。
Claims (20)
1.一种交换机,包括:
第一接口,连接到第一虚拟存储区域网络中的包括第一设备在内的第一多个设备,所述第一多个设备具有第一域标识符;
第二接口,连接到第二虚拟存储区域网络中的包括第二设备在内的第二多个设备,所述第二多个设备具有第二域标识符;
处理器,被配置为确定所述第一设备和所述第二设备存在于相同的虚拟存储区域网络间中,其中当确定所述第一设备和所述第二设备存在于相同的虚拟存储区域网络间中时,所述第一设备的第一域标识符被输出到所述第二设备。
2.如权利要求1所述的交换机,其中当确定所述第二设备存在于转接虚拟存储区域网络中时,所述第一设备的第一域标识符被输出到所述第二设备。
3.如权利要求1所述的交换机,其中所述交换机是边界交换机。
4.如权利要求3所述的交换机,其中所述边界交换机被配置为第一架构和第二架构两者的一部分。
5.如权利要求1所述的交换机,其中所述交换机接收多个架构最短路径优先帧。
6.如权利要求5所述的交换机,其中所述交换机将所述多个架构最短路径优先帧转发到存在于相同的虚拟存储区域网络间中的多个设备。
7.如权利要求5所述的交换机,其中所述交换机将所述多个架构最短路径优先帧转发到存在于转接虚拟存储区域网络中的多个设备。
8.如权利要求1所述的交换机,其中所述交换机确定从所述第一虚拟存储区域网络输出到所述第二虚拟存储区域网络的名称服务器数据库的内容。
9.如权利要求1所述的交换机,其中所述交换机与所述第一虚拟存储区域网络和所述第二虚拟存储区域网络中的边界交换机交换虚拟存储区域网络间路由协议消息。
10.一种方法,包括:
从第一虚拟存储区域网络中的包括第一设备在内的第一多个设备接收第一多个帧,所述第一多个设备具有第一域标识符,所述第一多个帧是在光纤信道交换机处接收的;
从第二接口接收第二多个帧,该第二接口连接到第二虚拟存储区域网络中的包括第二设备在内的第二多个设备,所述第二多个设备具有第二域标识符;
确定所述第一设备和所述第二设备存在于相同的虚拟存储区域网络间中,其中当确定所述第一设备和所述第二设备存在于相同的虚拟存储区域网络间中时,所述第一设备的第一域标识符被输出到所述第二设备。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中当确定所述第二设备存在于转接虚拟存储区域网络中时,所述第一设备的第一域标识符被输出到所述第二设备。
12.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述交换机是边界交换机。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述边界交换机被配置为第一架构和第二架构两者的一部分。
14.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述交换机接收多个架构最短路径优先帧。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述交换机将所述多个架构最短路径优先帧转发到存在于相同的虚拟存储区域网络间中的多个设备。
16.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述交换机将所述多个架构最短路径优先帧转发到存在于转接虚拟存储区域网络中的多个设备。
17.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述交换机确定从所述第一虚拟存储区域网络输出到所述第二虚拟存储区域网络的名称服务器数据库的内容。
18.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述交换机与所述第一虚拟存储区域网络和所述第二虚拟存储区域网络中的边界交换机交换虚拟存储区域网络间路由协议消息。
19.一种装置,包括:
用于从第一虚拟存储区域网络中的包括第一设备在内的第一多个设备接收第一多个帧的装置,所述第一多个设备具有第一域标识符,所述第一多个帧是在光纤信道交换机处接收的;
用于从第二接口接收第二多个帧的装置,该第二接口连接到第二虚拟存储区域网络中的包括第二设备在内的第二多个设备,所述第二多个设备具有第二域标识符;
用于确定所述第一设备和所述第二设备存在于相同的虚拟存储区域网络间中的装置,其中当确定所述第一设备和所述第二设备存在于相同的虚拟存储区域网络间中时,所述第一设备的第一域标识符被输出到所述第二设备。
20.如权利要求19所述的装置,其中当确定所述第二设备存在于转接虚拟存储区域网络中时,所述第一设备的第一域标识符被输出到所述第二设备。
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CN103414662B (zh) * | 2013-09-05 | 2016-05-18 | 重庆大学 | 一种实现FCOE Fabric网络域ID分配的方法 |
CN105049377A (zh) * | 2015-08-17 | 2015-11-11 | 中国航天科技集团公司第九研究院第七七一研究所 | 基于Crossbar架构的AFDX交换机数据总线结构及数据交换方法 |
CN105049377B (zh) * | 2015-08-17 | 2018-01-16 | 中国航天科技集团公司第九研究院第七七一研究所 | 基于Crossbar架构的AFDX交换机数据总线结构及数据交换方法 |
CN113783970A (zh) * | 2020-06-10 | 2021-12-10 | 北京龙腾融智信息技术有限公司 | 光纤通道标识的动态映射方法、装置、设备及其存储介质 |
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CA2521463C (en) | 2016-08-16 |
CN1778076A (zh) | 2006-05-24 |
EP3389229A1 (en) | 2018-10-17 |
EP1636946B1 (en) | 2018-08-15 |
US7499410B2 (en) | 2009-03-03 |
US20090141657A1 (en) | 2009-06-04 |
US8625460B2 (en) | 2014-01-07 |
US20050036499A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
AU2004300680A1 (en) | 2005-01-13 |
CN1778076B (zh) | 2010-05-26 |
EP1636946A1 (en) | 2006-03-22 |
CA2521463A1 (en) | 2005-01-13 |
AU2004300680B2 (en) | 2009-01-22 |
US7876711B2 (en) | 2011-01-25 |
WO2005004408A1 (en) | 2005-01-13 |
US20110090816A1 (en) | 2011-04-21 |
CN101795298B (zh) | 2012-02-01 |
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