CN101801283A - 手术器械 - Google Patents

手术器械 Download PDF

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CN101801283A
CN101801283A CN200880108277A CN200880108277A CN101801283A CN 101801283 A CN101801283 A CN 101801283A CN 200880108277 A CN200880108277 A CN 200880108277A CN 200880108277 A CN200880108277 A CN 200880108277A CN 101801283 A CN101801283 A CN 101801283A
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clamp
idler gear
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operating theater
theater instruments
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CN101801283B (zh
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唐纳德·马利诺思卡斯
迈克尔·P·惠特曼
彼得·达特库克
戴维·尼古拉斯
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Covidien LP
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00367Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
    • A61B2017/00398Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like using powered actuators, e.g. stepper motors, solenoids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00681Aspects not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/00734Aspects not otherwise provided for battery operated
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/07278Stapler heads characterised by its sled or its staple holder
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/07285Stapler heads characterised by its cutter
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2927Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2927Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft
    • A61B2017/2929Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft with a head rotatable about the longitudinal axis of the shaft
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2932Transmission of forces to jaw members
    • A61B2017/2943Toothed members, e.g. rack and pinion
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B2017/320052Guides for cutting instruments

Abstract

本发明提供了一种手术器械,其包括钳夹部,所述钳夹部具有与第二钳夹相对的第一钳夹,所述第二钳夹包括手术构件。所述手术器械可以包括联接到所述钳夹部的近侧端的轴部,以及构造成使所述钳夹部相对于所述轴部旋转的至少一个马达,从而使所述钳夹部相对于所述轴部移动,使所述第一钳夹相对于所述第二钳夹移动,并且使所述手术构件在所述第二钳夹内移动。可以防止所述手术构件在所述第二钳夹内移动除非所述第一钳夹相对于所述第二钳夹处于闭合位置。有利地,所述手术构件可以是设置在所述钳夹中的一个内的例如切割元件和/或缝合元件。

Description

手术器械
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求美国临时专利申请第60/974,291号的权益,其全部内容通过引用明确地合并于此。
引用合并
在此通过引用将下述每份专利文献的全部内容明确地合并到本申请中:于2005年7月27日提交的美国专利申请第11/191,851号;于2002年6月14日提交的美国专利申请第60/388,644号;于2003年6月11日提交的美国专利申请第10/460,291号;于2001年11月30日提交的美国专利申请第09/999,546号;于2001年6月22日提交的美国专利申请第09/887,789号;于2001年4月17日提交的美国专利申请第09/836,781号;于2000年11月28日提交的美国专利申请第09/723,715号;于1999年6月2日提交的美国专利申请第09/324,451号,并于2001年11月13日公布为美国专利第6,315,184号;于1999年6月2日提交的美国专利申请第09/324,452号,并于2002年9月3日公布为美国专利第6,443,973号;于1999年7月12日提交的美国专利申请第09/351,534号,并于2001年7月24日公布为美国专利第6,264,087号;于2000年2月22日提交的美国专利申请第09/510,923号,并于2003年2月11日公布为美国专利第6,517,565号;于2000年2月22日提交的美国专利申请第09/510,927号,并于2004年4月6日公布为美国专利第6,716,233号。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种手术器械。更具体地,本发明涉及一种用于夹紧、切割以及缝合组织的动力铰接器械。
背景技术
一种类型的手术器械是线性夹紧、切割及缝合器械。这种器械可用于手术程序中以切除胃肠道中的癌性或异常组织。图1中示出一种常规的线性夹紧、切割及缝合设备。该器械包括具有长形轴的手枪握把型结构和远侧部分。远侧部分包括一对剪刀型夹持元件,所述夹持元件将结肠开启的端部夹紧而使其闭合。在该器械中,两个剪刀型夹持元件中的一个,例如钉砧部分,相对于整体结构移动或枢转,而另一个夹持元件相对于整体结构保持固定。该剪切装置的致动(钉砧部分的枢转)由保持在手柄上的夹持触发器控制。
除了剪切装置,远侧部分还包括缝合机构。该剪切机构的固定夹持元件包括缝钉筒接收区域和另一机构,该另一机构用于对着钉砧部分向上驱动缝钉穿过被夹紧的组织端部从而密封之前张开的端部。剪切元件可以与轴一体地形成或者是可拆卸的,从而使各种剪切元件和缝合元件能够互换。
上述手术器械,特别是诸如图1中示出的上述线性夹紧、切割及缝合器械存在的一个问题是,难于在患者体内灵活操作相对的钳夹。外科医生可能需要在各种角度之间移动所述相对的钳夹以便将期望的组织定位在所述相对的钳夹之间。然而,通常来说还期望在患者体内切割尽可能小的切口,小尺寸的切口限制了可以灵活操作所述相对钳夹的程度。
上述手术器械,特别是诸如图1中示出的上述线性夹紧、切割及缝合器械存在的另一个问题是,所述相对的钳夹可能无法充分止血。具体地,上述手术器械的相对的钳夹无法以足量的力来夹紧,从而降低了手术器械的有效性。
因此,有人认为需要提高夹紧、切割及缝合器械的可灵活操作性。另外,还有人认为需要提供附加夹紧力的夹紧、切割及缝合器械。
发明内容
根据本发明的示例性实施例提供一种手术器械,该手术器械包括绕铰链以可枢转方式连接到轴部的钳夹部。该铰链限定这些部件的旋转轴线,该旋转轴线垂直于钳夹部和轴部中的一个或者与二者都垂直。钳夹部或其一部分也能够绕钳夹部的纵轴线相对于轴部旋转。
钳夹部包括第一钳夹和第二钳夹。第二钳夹与第一钳夹相对设置。第一钳夹以可枢转方式联接到第二钳夹。该器械还可包括设置在第二钳夹内的切割元件和缝合元件中的至少一个,优选的是以可旋转方式安装在缝钉驱动楔件上的刀片。切割元件和/或缝合元件可构造成在第二钳夹的远侧端和近侧端之间移动从而对置于第一和第二钳夹之间的组织部分进行切割和缝合中的至少一种。
根据本发明的示例性实施例提供一种包括钳夹部的手术器械。钳夹部包括第一钳夹和能够相对于第一钳夹移动的第二钳夹。手术器械还包括联接到钳夹部的近侧端的轴部。手术器械进一步包括驱动器,驱动器构造成使钳夹部与轴部相对移动。钳夹部限定第一纵轴线并且轴部限定第二纵轴线。驱动器可构造成使钳夹部绕垂直于第一和第二纵轴线的枢轴线相对于轴部枢转。第一和第二钳夹能够在一个平面内相对于彼此移动,枢轴线设置成平行于该平面。并且,根据本发明的示例性实施例,驱动器还构造成使钳夹部的至少一部分绕第一纵轴线相对于轴部枢转。
驱动器可以适于由第一可旋转驱动轴和第二可旋转驱动轴驱动。例如,驱动器可构造成使得第一和第二可旋转驱动轴相对于彼此沿相反方向的旋转致使钳夹部绕枢轴线相对于轴部枢转。同样,驱动器可构造成使得第一和第二可旋转驱动轴相对于彼此沿相同方向的旋转致使钳夹部的至少一部分绕第一纵轴线相对于轴部旋转。此外,驱动器可构造成使得在第二可旋转驱动轴不旋转的情况下第一可旋转驱动轴的旋转致使第一钳夹和第二钳夹相对移动。
手术器械可包括设置在第一钳夹内的手术构件。手术构件可包括切割元件和/或缝合元件。驱动器可构造成使得在第一可旋转驱动轴不旋转的情况下第二可旋转驱动轴的旋转致使手术构件在第一钳夹内相对移动。
根据本发明的示例性实施例提供了一种手术器械,该手术器械包括:钳夹部,其包括第一钳夹和相对于第一钳夹可移动的第二钳夹;轴部,其联接到钳夹部的近侧端;以及驱动器,其适于由第一和第二可旋转驱动轴驱动,从而使得第一和第二可旋转驱动轴的选择性旋转使该手术器械执行至少四种不同功能,例如钳夹部、第一钳夹、第二钳夹和轴部中的第一个相对于钳夹部、第一钳夹、第二钳夹和轴部中的至少第二个的移动。
钳夹部可限定第一纵轴线,至少四种不同功能中的第一种包括使钳夹部的至少一部分绕第一纵轴线相对于轴部旋转。驱动器构造成由第一和第二可旋转驱动轴相对于彼此沿相同方向的旋转来驱动从而使钳夹部的至少一部分绕第一纵轴线相对于轴部旋转。轴部可限定第二纵轴线,至少四种不同功能中的第二种包括使钳夹部绕垂直于第二纵轴线的枢轴线相对于轴部枢转。驱动器构造成由第一和第二可旋转驱动轴相对于彼此沿相反方向的旋转来驱动从而使钳夹部绕枢轴线相对于轴部枢转。至少四种不同功能中的第三种可包括使第一钳夹相对于第二钳夹移动。驱动器构造成在第二可旋转驱动轴不旋转的情况下由第一可旋转驱动轴驱动,从而引起第一钳夹和第二钳夹的相对移动。另外,该手术器械还可包括设置在第一钳夹内的手术构件,例如切割和/或缝合元件,至少四种不同功能中的第四种包括手术构件在第一钳夹内的相对移动。驱动器构造成在第一可旋转驱动轴不旋转的情况下由第二可旋转驱动轴的旋转来驱动,从而引起手术构件在第一钳夹内的相对移动。
根据本发明的示例性实施例提供一种手术器械,手术器械包括:钳夹部,其具有与第二钳夹相对的第一钳夹,第二钳夹包括手术构件;联接到钳夹部的近侧端的轴部;至少一个马达,其构造成使钳夹部相对于轴部旋转,使钳夹部相对于轴部移动,使第一钳夹相对于第二钳夹移动以及使手术构件在第二钳夹内移动。可防止手术构件在第二钳夹内移动除非第一钳夹相对于第二钳夹处于闭合位置。
当第一钳夹相对于第二钳夹处于开启位置时,钳夹部可相对于轴部旋转。手术器械还可包括齿轮元件,以及齿轮元件可根据第一钳夹相对于第二钳夹的位置选择性地接合。齿轮元件可以是在近侧位置和远侧位置之间可移动的空转齿轮。手术器械还可包括在近侧位置和远侧位置之间可移动的凸轮块。凸轮块可包括表面,并且在第一和第二钳夹相对于彼此移动时,凸轮块可通过所述表面与第一和第二钳夹中的一个的表面接合而在凸轮块的近侧位置和远侧位置之间移动。空转齿轮可通过凸轮块与空转齿轮的接合而在空转齿轮的近侧位置和远侧位置之间移动。
当空转齿轮在远侧位置时,空转齿轮可接合壳体的凹部,并且空转齿轮通过驱动元件的旋转可使钳夹部相对于轴部旋转。当空转齿轮在近侧位置时,空转齿轮可以不与壳体的凹部接合,从而使空转齿轮相对于壳体可旋转,并且空转齿轮通过驱动元件的旋转可使手术构件在第二钳夹内移动。有利地,手术构件可包括切割元件和/或缝合元件。
根据本发明的示例性实施例提供一种使用手术器械的方法,该手术器械包括:钳夹部,其具有与第二钳夹相对的第一钳夹,第二钳夹包括手术构件;以及联接到钳夹部的近侧端的轴部。该方法可包括以下步骤:操作至少一个马达以便选择性地使钳夹部相对于轴部旋转;使钳夹部相对于轴部移动;使第一钳夹相对于第二钳夹移动;使手术构件在第二钳夹内移动;锁定手术构件以防其在第二钳夹内移动除非第一钳夹相对于第二钳夹处于闭合位置。
所述方法还可包括在第一钳夹相对于第二钳夹处于开启位置时使钳夹部相对于轴部旋转的步骤。另外,可设置齿轮元件。所述方法可包括根据第一钳夹相对于第二钳夹的位置选择性地接合齿轮元件的步骤。设置齿轮元件可包括设置在近侧位置和远侧位置之间可移动的空转齿轮。可设置在近侧位置和远侧位置之间可移动的凸轮块。
凸轮块可包括表面,并且所述方法可包括在第一钳夹和第二钳夹相对于彼此移动时,凸轮块通过所述表面与第一和第二钳夹中的一个的表面接合而使凸轮块在其近侧和远侧位置之间移动的步骤。空转齿轮可通过凸轮块与空转齿轮的接合而在空转齿轮的近侧位置和远侧位置之间移动。空转齿轮在远侧位置时空转齿轮可接合壳体的凹部。当空转齿轮接合壳体的凹部时,空转齿轮通过驱动元件的旋转可使钳夹部相对于轴部旋转。
所述方法还可包括以下步骤,将空转齿轮移动到近侧位置,以使空转齿轮不与壳体的凹部接合并且使空转齿轮相对于壳体旋转。一旦空转齿轮通过驱动元件旋转,手术构件就可在第二钳夹内移动。有利地,手术构件包括切割元件和缝合元件中的至少一个,并且移动手术构件的步骤包括切割和缝合组织部分的至少一种。
附图说明
图1是常规的线性夹紧、切割及缝合器械的立体图;
图2(a)是根据本发明的机-电驱动器部件的实施例的立体图;
图2(b)是示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的手术器械的一些部件的示意图;
图3(a)是根据本发明的示例性实施例的手术器械的立体图;
图3(b)是示出根据本发明的一个实施例的手术器械的一些内部部件的后视立体图;
图3(c)是示出根据本发明的一个实施例的手术器械的一些内部部件的侧视立体图;
图3(d)是示出根据本发明的一个实施例的钳夹部的立体图,该钳夹部相对于轴部充分枢转,例如是铰接的;
图3(e)是示出根据本发明的一个实施例的钳夹部的仰视立体图,该钳夹部相对于轴部充分枢转;
图3(f)是根据本发明的一个实施例的可更换缝钉筒的分解图;
图3(g)是根据本发明的一个实施例的处于完全闭合位置的手术器械的截面图;
图3(h)是根据本发明的另一个示例性实施例的第一钳夹的仰视图;
图3(i)至3(l)是示出根据本发明的另一个示例性实施例的第一和第二钳夹的开启和闭合的侧视截面图;
图4(a)是根据本发明的另一个示例性实施例的铰接的夹紧、切割及缝合附件的立体图;
图4(b)是示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的钳夹部的第二钳夹的附加特征的立体图;
图5(a)是示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的第二钳夹的近侧端的立体图;
图5(b)示出移动到第一部分闭合位置时的图4(a)的手术器械;
图5(c)示出移动到第二部分闭合位置时的图4(a)的手术器械;
图5(d)示出移动到完全闭合位置时的图4(a)的手术器械;
图6(a)示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的柔性轴和第一联接件;
图6(b)示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的第一联接件的后视立体图;
图6(c)示出根据图6(b)中示出的示例性实施例的第一联接件的主视立体图;
图6(d)是根据本发明的示例性实施例的第一联接件的一些内部部件的侧视立体图;
图6(e)是根据本发明的示例性实施例的柔性轴的远侧端处的第二联接件的后视立体图;
图7示出根据本发明的另一个示例性实施例的柔性轴的侧视图,该图的一部分是截面图;
图8是该柔性轴沿图7中示出的线8-8的截面图;
图9示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的第一联接件的后视端面图;
图10中能够观察到根据本发明的示例性实施例的柔性轴的第二联接件的主视端面图;
图11示意性地示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的马达的布局;
图12示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的机-电驱动器部件的示意图;
图13是根据本发明的示例性实施例的编码器的示意图;
图14示意性地示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的存储模块;
图15中能够观察到根据本发明的示例性实施例的无线RCU的示意图;
图16中能够观察到根据本发明的示例性实施例的有线RCU的示意图;
图17是根据本发明的示例性实施例的手术器械的侧视截面图;
图18是图17的手术器械的一些内部部件的立体图;以及
图19是图17的手术器械的一些内部部件的后视立体图。
具体实施方式
图2(b)为表示根据本发明的示例性实施例的手术器械11的一些部件的示意图。手术器械11被配置为特别适于例如经由套管(未示出)插入患者体内。在示出的实施例中,手术器械11是夹紧、切割及缝合器械。手术器械11包括钳夹部11a,其通过铰链部11c以可枢转方式联接到轴部11b。钳夹部11a包括第一钳夹50和第二钳夹80,第一钳夹50具有远侧端50a和近侧端50b,第二钳夹80具有远侧端80a和近侧端80b。第一钳夹50和第二钳夹80在它们相应的近侧端50b、80b处或附近相互可枢转地联接。在示出的示例性实施例中,第一钳夹50和第二钳夹80相对于彼此绕枢轴线A枢转,枢轴线A垂直于页面定向。
如上所述,钳夹部11a通过铰链部11c以可枢转方式联接到轴部11b。具体地说,钳夹部11a可绕枢轴线B相对于轴部11b枢转,枢轴线B可定位在钳夹部11a和轴部11b上或钳夹部11a和轴部11b之间的任何位置处,并且可以相对于钳夹部11a和轴部11b定位在任何周向位置处。在示出的示例性实施例中,枢轴线B在示出的视图中定位成竖直的,以致在铰链活动时钳夹部11a在垂直于页面的平面内枢转。应当认识到,在其他示例性实施例中,枢轴线B可具有不同的方位,从而使钳夹部11a能够在不同的平面内枢转。钳夹部11a可相对于轴部11b枢转到任何角度以及在相对于轴部11b的任何角度之间枢转,从而使得能够在使用过程中根据需要选择性地对钳夹部11a进行定位。相对于轴部11b的纵轴线(轴部11b的纵轴线在图2(b)中标示为轴线D)可设置多个枢轴线。例如,在多个实施例中,钳夹部11a可绕轴部11b的纵轴线D相对于轴部11b旋转,或者钳夹部11a可绕垂直于纵轴线D的多个枢轴线相对于轴部11b旋转。
轴部11b可包括远侧部1101和近侧部1102,钳夹部11a连接到远侧部1101上。轴部11b的近侧部1102可包括手柄1103,使用者可用其握持手术器械11。在近侧部1102的最近侧端处,轴部11b可包括用于连接到柔性轴(下面将进一步描述)的连接元件1104,例如速接联接件。
第二钳夹80包括夹紧表面106。第二钳夹80还包括切割及缝合元件104,其可形成第二钳夹80的夹紧表面106的至少一部分。第一钳夹50包括与第二钳夹80相对的钉砧构件700。钉砧构件700包括夹紧表面108,夹紧表面108与第二钳夹80的夹紧表面106一起夹紧组织的待切割和缝合的部分。如下面更详细的说明,切割及缝合元件104构造成当第一钳夹50和第二钳夹80处于闭合位置,例如完全闭合位置时切割并缝合组织部分。下文将例如结合图3(f)和3(g)来说明并描述根据一种实施方式的切割及缝合元件104的附加特征,另外,如上所述,2001年11月30日提交的美国专利申请第09/999,546号以及2003年6月11日提交的美国专利申请第10/460,291号都说明和描述了切割及缝合元件104的附加特征,每个所述专利申请的全部内容都通过引用清楚地结合到本文中。
可采用各种驱动器驱动手术器械11的运动,例如使钳夹部11a相对于轴部11b枢转、使钳夹部11a或钳夹部11a的某些部分绕其纵轴线相对于轴部11b旋转、使第一钳夹50相对于第二钳夹80枢转、启动缝钉筒等。根据本发明的一个实施例,这些功能通过将手术器械11连接到具有两个可旋转驱动轴的柔性轴来实现,但是应当认识到,在其它实施例中可采用不同类型和/或不同数目的驱动部件。
图2(b)示意性地示出一个实施例,其中,手术器械11采用第一驱动器88和第二驱动器98,每个所述驱动器连接到例如柔性驱动轴的两个可旋转驱动轴中相应的一个。例如,第一驱动器88可以工作从而使第一钳夹50和第二钳夹80相对于彼此运动。第一驱动器88可包括能够使第一钳夹50和第二钳夹80相对于彼此运动的任何类型的驱动机构。第一驱动器88可以至少部分地位于第二钳夹80的近侧端80b中并且可以连接到第一钳夹50的近侧端50b上。第一驱动器88可以接合第一钳夹50的近侧端50b从而使第一钳夹50相对于第二钳夹80开启和闭合。另外,第一驱动器88可延伸穿过手术器械11的轴部11b到达第一驱动凹座654。第一驱动器88的第一驱动凹座654通过第一驱动轴94联接到第一马达96。如下文将更详细说明的,当经由第一驱动轴94而与第一马达96接合时,除执行手术器械11的其它操作之外,第一驱动器88可以工作以使第一钳夹50相对于第二钳夹80开启和闭合。
第二钳夹80还包括第二驱动器98。第二驱动器98也可延伸穿过手术器械11的轴部11b到达第二驱动凹座694。第二驱动凹座694通过第二驱动轴102联接到第二马达100。当经由第二驱动轴102与第二马达100接合时,除执行手术器械11的其它操作之外,第二驱动器98可以工作以驱动切割及缝合元件104来切割并缝合组织部分52。
尽管在图中示出两个驱动凹座,例如第一驱动凹座654和第二驱动凹座694以及两个相应的驱动轴,例如第一驱动轴94和第二驱动轴102为手术器械11的一部分并且用于夹紧、切割及缝合组织部分,然而可以提供任何合适数目的驱动凹座和驱动轴。例如,可提供单个驱动轴来执行手术器械11的上述功能。
在一个实施例中,两个驱动轴,例如第一驱动轴94和第二驱动轴102,也构造成用于使钳夹部11a相对于轴部11b运动。这种类型的实施例的实例在例如图3(a)至图3(e)中示出,并且下文将对此进一步说明。选择性地,并且如图2(b)所示,手术器械11还可包括用于使钳夹部11a相对于轴部11b运动的第三驱动器201和第四驱动器202。例如,第三驱动器201可构造成使钳夹部11a绕轴线B相对于轴部11b枢转,而第四驱动器202可构造成使钳夹部11a绕其纵轴线D相对于轴部11b旋转。在一个实施例中,第三驱动器201和第四驱动器202是分别延伸穿过手术器械11的轴部11b到达第三驱动凹座2011和第四驱动凹座2021的可旋转驱动轴。第三驱动凹座2011通过第三驱动轴2012联接到第三马达2013。当经由第三驱动轴2012与第三马达2013接合时,第三驱动器201工作以使钳夹部11a绕轴线B相对于轴部11b枢转。第四驱动凹座2021通过第四驱动轴2022联接到第四马达2023。当经由第四驱动轴2022与第四马达2023接合时,第四驱动器202工作以使钳夹部11a绕其纵轴线D相对于轴部11b旋转。
驱动轴,例如第一和第二可旋转驱动轴94、102以及任何其它驱动轴,可以容纳在诸如图2(a)中示出的柔性驱动轴1620之类的柔性驱动轴内。也可以采用其它类型的柔性驱动轴。例如,驱动轴可容纳在柔性驱动轴中,代理人卷号为第11443/210号的申请人的待审的临时专利申请对这种柔性驱动轴进行了描述和图示,该申请的全部内容通过引用清楚地结合到本文中。
参考图2(b),手术器械11也可包括存储模块6041。在一个实施例中,存储模块6041连接到切割及缝合部件104或者与切割及缝合元件104一体形成。存储模块6041通过数据传输线缆1278连接到数据连接器1272。将结合图3(f)和图7说明这些部件的附加特征。
此外,图2(b)还示出连接元件1104。连接元件1104可包括速接套筒713,速接套筒713具有与柔性驱动轴1620的互补速接元件1664接合的速接凹槽713a,下文将对此进一步详细地描述。为了将柔性驱动轴1620的速接元件1664保持在速接套筒713的速接凹槽713a内,连接元件1104也可包括弹簧。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,手术器械11可以构造成诸如具有图2(a)中示出的马达系统的机-电驱动器部件1610的机-电手术系统的附件,或者可以与所述机-电手术系统一体形成。应当理解的是,在所述示例性实施例中,可设置任何合适数目的马达,并且所述马达可借助电池电源、线路电流、DC电源、电子控制的DC电源等运转。还应当理解的是,所述马达可连接到DC电源,该DC电源又连接到线路电流并给所述马达提供工作电流。在另一个示例性实施例中,该手术器械可以是机械驱动器系统的附件或者可以与机械驱动器系统一体形成。
图3(a)是根据本发明的一个实施例的手术器械11的立体图。如上所述,图3(a)至3(e)示出本发明的一个实施例,其中两个驱动轴构造成用于使钳夹部11a相对于轴部11b运动、使钳夹部11a绕其纵轴线旋转、使第一钳夹50相对于第二钳夹80运动以及启动缝钉筒及切割筒。在图3(a)中示出的位置中,钳夹部11a定位在相对于轴部11b大约60度角。根据患者身上的切口以及期望夹紧、切割及缝合的组织的位置可以对钳夹部11a进行适当地定位。
图3(b)是示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的手术器械11的一些内部部件的后视立体图。手术器械11的外壳以虚线示出。如图所示,钳夹部11a处于初始位置,在初始位置其与轴部11b轴向对准。
图3(b)示出在轴部11b内可轴向旋转的第一可旋转驱动轴500。齿轮元件502联接到第一可旋转驱动轴500。齿轮元件502绕纵轴线旋转并与齿轮元件504啮合。齿轮元件504由销505保持在合适位置,销505的中心轴线与枢轴线B共轴,钳夹部11a绕枢轴线B相对于轴部11b枢转。
齿轮元件504还与钳夹部11a内的齿轮元件506啮合。齿轮元件506通过轴508连接到齿轮元件510上。齿轮元件506、齿轮元件510以及轴508在钳夹部11a内绕着由轴508的中心轴线限定的纵轴线旋转。齿轮元件510与齿轮元件512啮合,齿轮元件512绕沿纵向设置在钳夹部11a内的销513旋转。齿轮元件512与齿轮元件514啮合。齿轮元件514具有向远侧延伸到一组齿516的轴部。齿516与板518中对应形状的开口选择性地接合,板518
入手术器械11的内表面从而防止板518的相对旋转。板518可沿轴向在第一位置和第二位置之间移动,在第一位置处板518中对应形状的开口与齿516锁定接合,在第二位置处板518相对于第一位置向远侧移动并且板518中对应形状的开口不与齿516接合。
杆520从齿轮514以及带有齿516的轴部向远侧延伸。杆520沿纵向设置并且构造成当齿轮514旋转时绕纵轴线旋转。推块522安装在杆520上。推块522入手术器械11的内表面,从而防止推块520相对转动。一对滚子524可旋转地联接到推块520的下部远侧端。该对滚子524定位在上钳夹50每一侧的相应凹5011内。上钳夹50和凹5011在图3(b)中以虚线示出。
图3(b)还示出可在轴部11b内轴向旋转的第二可旋转驱动轴550。齿轮元件552联接到第二可旋转驱动轴550上。齿轮元件552绕纵轴线旋转并与齿轮元件554啮合。齿轮元件554由销505保持在合适的位置,销505的中心轴线与枢轴线B共轴,钳夹部11a绕枢轴线B相对于轴部11b枢转。
齿轮元件554还与钳夹部11a内的齿轮元件556啮合。齿轮元件556通过轴558连接到齿轮元件560。齿轮元件556、齿轮元件560以及轴558绕着由轴558的中心轴线限定的纵轴线在钳夹部11a内旋转。齿轮元件560与安装在销513的近侧端上的齿轮元件562a啮合。齿轮元件562a构造成适于以不可旋转的方式安装在销513上并因此与销513一起旋转,销513在钳夹部11a内纵向延伸。另外,齿轮元件562b适于以不可旋转的方式安装在销513的远侧端上。因此,齿轮元件562b也构造成与销513一起旋转。
齿轮元件562b具有轴部,该轴部向远侧延伸并包括一组齿5661(在图3(b)中看不到,但在图3(d)中示出)。齿5661与板518中对应形状的开口选择性地接合。如上所述,板518入手术器械11的内表面从而防止板518的相对旋转,并且板518能够沿轴向在第一位置和第二位置之间移动,在第一位置处板518中对应形状的开口与齿5661锁定接合,在第二位置处板518相对于第一位置向远侧移动并且板518中对应形状的开口不与齿5661接合。
齿轮元件562b与齿轮元件564啮合。第一纵向杆566从齿轮564向远侧延伸。第一纵向杆566连接到第二纵向杆568上。第二纵向杆568具有肩部572。弹簧位于第一纵向杆566和第二纵向杆568的肩部572之间。第二纵向杆568的远侧端574构造成与楔件驱动器605中相应的开口接合。楔件驱动器605旋转从而沿缝钉筒驱动缝合/切割楔件(下文将对此进一步详细描述)。
这些部件还在其它各个视图中示出。例如,图3(c)是示出手术器械11的一些内部部件的侧视立体图。如图所示,钳夹部11a相对于轴部11b枢转,例如以铰接方式运动。另外,图3(d)是示出钳夹部11a相对于轴部11b进一步枢转,例如以铰接方式运动的立体图。同样,图3(e)是示出钳夹部11a相对于轴部11b枢转,例如以铰接方式运动的仰视立体图。
如上所述,手术器械11还可包括切割及缝合元件104。在一个实施例中,切割及缝合元件104是缝钉筒。图3(f)是可更换缝钉筒600的分解图。可更换缝钉筒600是一种缝合/切割装置,其可用作图3(a)至3(e)中示出的本发明的示例性实施例中的切割及缝合元件104。可更换缝钉筒600包括缝钉盘604。缝钉盘604具有位于其近侧端604d处的凹604i,存储模块6041由存储模块保持器6042保持在凹604i中。存储模块6041可以存储例如以下专利文献中所述的信息:2000年11月28日提交的美国专利申请第09/723,715号-已于2004年9月21日公布为美国专利第6,793,652号、2001年4月17日提交的美国专利申请第09/836,781号、2001年6月22日提交的美国专利申请第09/887,789号以及2002年3月15日提交的美国专利申请第10/099,634号,每份所述专利文献的全部内容通过引用明确地结合到本文中。楔件驱动器605构造成以可旋转方式穿过缝钉盘604的中央通道604e。具体地,楔件驱动器605具有远侧端605a,远侧端605a构造成以可旋转方式安装在缝钉盘604的远侧孔口604a内。楔件驱动器605还包括外螺纹区域605b、以可旋转方式延伸穿过缝钉盘604的近侧端604b中的近侧孔口604b的非螺纹部分605c、以及位于楔件驱动器605最近侧端处的朝向近侧的开口605d,朝向近侧的开口605d用于容纳第二纵向杆568的远侧端574。朝向近侧的开口605d和第二纵向杆568的远侧端574适于当第二纵向杆568的远侧端574容纳于,例如插入在朝向近侧的开口605d内时以不可旋转的方式相互联接。
可更换缝钉筒600还包括具有内螺纹孔603a的楔件603。楔件驱动器605的外螺纹区域605b构造成延伸穿过楔件603的内螺纹孔603a。楔件603的内螺纹孔603a的螺纹与楔件驱动器605的外螺纹区域605b的螺纹相匹配。如下文将要论述的,当楔件驱动器605旋转时,楔件603在缝钉盘604的远侧端604c与缝钉盘604的近侧端604d之间移动穿过中央通道604e。
缝钉盘604还包括在中央通道604e的相对壁604g上竖向设置的多个凹槽604f。在中央通道604e的每一侧上,缝钉推动器607构造成以可滑动方式设置在凹槽604f内。更具体地,每个缝钉推动器607具有在缝钉推动指607c的两行607b之间沿纵向延伸的顶表面607a。缝钉推动指607c构造成使得邻近缝钉盘604的壁604g的行607b中的每个缝钉推动指607c保持在壁604g的相应的凹槽604f内,从而在凹槽604f中沿竖向滑动。缝钉推动指607c定位在缝钉盘604中的凹槽604h上方。缝钉盘604中的凹槽604h容纳多个紧固件,例如缝钉606。每个缝钉606包括根部606a和一对延伸部606b。
楔件603还包括以滑动方式与缝钉推动器607的相应的顶表面607a接合的一对倾斜边缘603b。当楔件603从缝钉盘604的远侧端604c到缝钉盘604的近侧端604d移动穿过中央通道604e时,楔件603的该对倾斜边缘603b构造成以可滑动方式接合缝钉推动器607的相应的顶表面607a,以便连续推动缝钉推动器607的缝钉推动指607c进入缝钉盘604中的凹槽604h,从而将缝钉606从缝钉盘604上的凹槽604h中推出。筒顶611构造成配合在缝钉盘604的中央通道604a上方,而缝钉保持器610构造成覆盖缝钉盘604的夹紧表面106。下面将结合图3(g)描述缝钉筒600的附加特征,例如刀片51,这些特征将在手术器械11工作的过程中描述。
图3h是第一钳夹50的仰视图。第一钳夹50包括具有沿纵向设置的凹槽701的钉砧构件700,凹槽701从钉砧构件700的远侧端延伸到近侧端。凹槽701与第二钳夹80的刀片51对准,从而刀片51延伸到凹槽701内并且当刀片从第二钳夹80的远侧端80a移动到近侧端80b时沿凹槽701行进。钉砧构件700还包括缝钉导向件703的多个行702。缝钉导向件703构造成容纳缝钉606的延伸部606b并使延伸部606b弯曲从而使缝钉606闭合。当手术器械11处于闭合位置时,缝钉导向件703的行702与第二钳夹80中的缝钉盘604的凹槽604h对准。
在操作过程中,钳夹部11a保持在初始位置,在初始位置处钳夹部11a与轴部11b沿轴向对齐,例如图3(b)中示出的位置。在该位置时,手术器械11可以例如通过套管针插入手术部位。根据切口以及待夹紧、缝合和切割的组织的位置,使用者随后可以使钳夹部11a相对于轴部11b以铰接方式运动。
在第一铰接运动过程中,钳夹部11a相对于轴部11b枢转。例如,板518位于其第一位置,从而使得板518中的两个开口分别与齿轮元件514的齿516以及齿轮元件562b的齿5661锁定接合。然后第一可旋转驱动轴500和第二可旋转驱动轴550沿相反方向旋转。例如,参考图3(b),为了使钳夹部11a相对于轴部11b沿顺时针方向铰接运动(从上方观察时),第一可旋转驱动轴500可沿逆时针方向旋转(除非另有说明,为了简洁起见,本文中引用的所有旋转方向,例如顺时针或逆时针,均指的是从手术器械的近侧端朝手术器械11的远侧端观察所得的方向)。因此连接到第一可旋转驱动轴500的齿轮元件502也沿逆时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件502与齿轮元件504啮合,所以齿轮元件502的逆时针旋转使齿轮元件504绕销505沿逆时针方向旋转(从上方观察时)。由于齿轮元件504与齿轮元件506啮合,所以齿轮元件504的逆时针旋转使齿轮元件506沿顺时针方向旋转。
同时,第二可旋转驱动轴550可沿顺时针方向旋转。因此连接到第二可旋转驱动轴550的齿轮元件552也沿顺时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件552与齿轮元件554啮合,所以齿轮元件552的顺时针旋转使齿轮元件554绕销505沿逆时针方向(从上方观察)旋转。由于齿轮元件554与齿轮元件556啮合,所以齿轮元件554的顺时针旋转使齿轮元件556沿逆时针方向旋转。板518与齿516和齿5661的接合防止齿轮元件506和566相对于手术器械11旋转。因此,使得钳夹部11a相对于轴部11b沿顺时针方向(从上方观察)旋转。为了使钳夹部11a从上方观察时相对于轴部11b沿相反方向,例如逆时针方向旋转,则使第一和第二可旋转驱动轴500、550的旋转方向反向。
一旦钳夹部11a绕销505旋转到期望位置,则在第二铰接运动过程中钳夹部11a也可以相对于轴部11b绕钳夹部11a的纵轴线,例如示出的轴线D,旋转。板518被保持在其第一位置,从而使得板518中的两个开口分别与齿轮元件514的齿516以及齿轮元件562b的齿5661锁定接合。然后第一可旋转驱动轴500和第二可旋转驱动轴550沿相同方向旋转。例如,参考图3(b),为了使钳夹部11a绕其纵轴线相对于轴部11b沿逆时针方向旋转,第一可旋转驱动轴500可沿逆时针方向旋转。从而连接到第一可旋转驱动轴500的齿轮元件502也沿逆时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件502与齿轮元件504啮合,所以齿轮元件502的逆时针旋转使齿轮元件504绕销505沿逆时针方向(从上方观察)旋转。由于齿轮元件504与齿轮元件506啮合,所以齿轮元件504的逆时针旋转使齿轮元件506沿顺时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件506通过轴508连接到齿轮元件510,所以齿轮元件506沿顺时针方向的旋转使齿轮元件510也沿顺时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件510与齿轮元件512啮合,所以齿轮元件510的顺时针旋转使齿轮元件512沿逆时针方向旋转。
第二可旋转驱动轴550还可以沿逆时针方向旋转。因此连接到第二可旋转驱动轴550的齿轮元件552也沿逆时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件552与齿轮元件554啮合,所以齿轮元件552的逆时针旋转使齿轮元件554绕销505沿顺时针方向(从上方观察)旋转。由于齿轮元件554与齿轮元件556啮合,所以齿轮元件554的顺时针旋转使齿轮元件556沿顺时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件556通过轴558连接到齿轮元件560,所以齿轮元件556沿顺时针方向的旋转使齿轮元件560也沿顺时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件560与齿轮元件562a啮合,所以齿轮元件560的顺时针旋转使齿轮元件562a沿逆时针方向旋转。并且,由于齿轮元件562a和齿轮元件562b都适于以不可旋转方式安装到,例如键入到销513,所以齿轮元件562a沿逆时针方向的旋转也使齿轮元件562b沿逆时针方向旋转。
因此,齿轮元件562b和齿轮元件512一起绕它们共有的纵轴线,例如销513的中心轴线,沿逆时针方向旋转。由于板518被保持在其第一位置,所以板518中的两个开口分别与齿轮元件514的齿516以及齿轮元件562b的齿5661锁定接合。因此,齿轮元件562b和齿轮元件512绕销513沿逆时针方向的旋转使齿轮元件514和齿轮元件564也绕销513沿逆时针方向旋转,而销513的中心轴线与钳夹部11a的纵轴线D共轴。齿轮元件连接到螺杆520上,螺杆520上安装有推块522。由于推块522键入到钳夹部11a的内表面,所以齿轮元件514绕纵轴线D的旋转使钳夹部11a绕其纵轴线D相对于轴部11b旋转。
一旦钳夹部11a绕其纵轴线D相对于轴部11b旋转到期望位置,钳夹50、80便可以打开从而使组织部分置于所述钳夹之间。为了执行这种操作,板518向远侧移动到其第二位置,从而使板518中的两个开口不与齿轮元件514的齿516锁定接合也不与齿轮元件562b的齿5661锁定接合。随后第一可旋转驱动轴500沿第一方向旋转,而第二可旋转驱动轴550不旋转。例如,参考图3(b),为了使第一钳夹50相对于第二钳夹80打开,第一可旋转驱动轴500可沿逆时针方向旋转。因此连接到第一可旋转驱动轴500的齿轮元件502也沿逆时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件502与齿轮元件504啮合,所以齿轮元件502的逆时针旋转使齿轮元件504绕销505沿逆时针方向(从上方观察)旋转。由于齿轮元件504与齿轮元件506啮合,所以齿轮元件504的逆时针旋转使齿轮元件506沿顺时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件506通过轴508连接到齿轮元件510,所以齿轮元件506沿顺时针方向的旋转使齿轮元件510也沿顺时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件510与齿轮元件512啮合,所以齿轮元件510的顺时针旋转使齿轮元件512沿逆时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件512与齿轮元件514啮合,齿轮元件512的逆时针旋转使齿轮元件514沿顺时针方向旋转。由于板518移动到其第二位置,所以齿轮元件512绕销513旋转,而销513不旋转。
齿轮元件514的顺时针旋转使螺杆520沿顺时针方向旋转。在操作的初始阶段,例如当手术器械11第一次插入患者体内时,推块522沿螺杆520位于最远侧位置处。螺杆520的旋转使推块522沿近侧方向行进,推块522适于以不可旋转方式安装在,例如键入,手术器械11的内表面中。推块522向近侧的运动使一对滚子524在上钳夹50的每一侧的相应的凹槽5011内向近侧移动。当推块522移动到螺杆520的近侧端时,滚子524位于凹槽5011的近侧端处,在该位置处第一钳夹50相对于第二钳夹80最大限度地开启。
一旦第一钳夹50和第二钳夹80相对于彼此开启到期望位置,钳夹50、80闭合以便在其二者之间夹紧组织部分。而且,在板518处于第二位置的情况下,例如板518中的两个开口没有相应地与齿轮元件514的齿516接合也没有与齿轮元件562b的齿5661接合,则第一可旋转驱动轴500沿第二方向旋转,而第二可旋转驱动轴550不旋转。例如,参考图3(b),为了使第一钳夹50相对于第二钳夹80闭合,第一可旋转驱动轴500可沿顺时针方向旋转。因此连接到第一可旋转驱动轴500上的齿轮元件502也沿顺时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件502与齿轮元件504啮合,所以齿轮元件502的顺时针旋转使齿轮元件504绕销505沿顺时针方向(从上方观察)旋转。由于齿轮元件504与齿轮元件506啮合,所以齿轮元件504的顺时针旋转使齿轮元件506沿逆时针方向旋转。因为齿轮元件506通过轴508连接到齿轮元件510,所以齿轮元件506沿逆时针方向的旋转使齿轮元件510也沿逆时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件510与齿轮元件512啮合,所以齿轮元件510的逆时针旋转使齿轮元件512沿顺时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件512与齿轮元件514啮合,所以齿轮元件512的顺时针旋转使齿轮元件514沿逆时针方向旋转。由于板518移动到其第二位置,所以齿轮元件512绕销513旋转,而销513不旋转。
齿轮元件514的逆时针旋转使螺杆520沿逆时针方向旋转。如上所述,推块522可沿螺杆520位于最近侧位置。螺杆520的旋转使键入到手术器械11的内表面的推块522沿远侧方向行进。推块522的向远侧运动使一对滚子524在上钳夹50的每一侧的相应的凹槽5011内向远侧移动。当推块522移动到螺杆520的远侧端时,滚子524位于凹槽5011的远侧端处,在该位置处第一钳夹50与第二钳夹80最大限度地夹紧。应当指出的是,尽管第一钳夹50和第二钳夹80以简单的剪刀型方式开启和闭合,但在其它实施例中第一钳夹50和第二钳夹80可以不同的方式开启和闭合。下面将结合图3(f)至3(i)更详细地描述这种运动的实例。
一旦组织部分夹紧在第一钳夹50和第二钳夹80之间,便可切割及缝合组织部分。应当认识到,尽管对本发明进行的说明是既采用切割元件又采用缝合元件,但是手术器械11可以仅采用一个所述元件,或者可以采用一种不同类型的手术器具。在手术器械11插入患者体内之前,缝钉筒578设置在第二钳夹80内。在一个实施例中,手术器械11是单用途器械,其中缝钉筒与第二钳夹80一体设置。选择性地,手术器械11具有可更换缝钉筒,例如图3(f)中示出的可更换缝钉筒600,从而允许手术器械11多次与不同的缝钉筒结合使用。在所述实施例中,如果手术器械11是第一次使用,则可以在制造及组装手术器械11的过程中预先安装缝钉筒600,或者在使用手术器械11之前由使用者安装缝钉筒600。如果手术器械11是第二次或更多次使用,则可以刚好在使用手术器械11之前由使用者安装缝钉筒600。当缝钉筒600插入第二钳夹80内时,纵向杆568的远侧端574容纳在楔件驱动器605的朝向近侧的开口605d内。
为了示出手术器械11的切割/缝合操作,首先参考图3(b)。缝钉筒600安装在手术器械11的第二钳夹80内,板518被保持在其第二位置,从而使板518中的两个开口没有相应地与齿轮元件514的齿516接合也没有与齿轮元件562b的齿5661接合。然后第二可旋转驱动轴550沿第一方向旋转,而第一可旋转驱动轴500不旋转。例如,为了切割及缝合位于第一钳夹50和第二钳夹80之间的组织部分,第二可旋转驱动轴550可沿逆时针方向旋转。因此连接到第二可旋转驱动轴550上的齿轮元件552也沿逆时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件552与齿轮元件554啮合,所以齿轮元件552的逆时针旋转使齿轮元件554绕销505沿顺时针方向(从上方观察)旋转。由于齿轮元件554与齿轮元件556啮合,所以齿轮元件554的顺时针旋转使齿轮元件556沿顺时针方向旋转。因为齿轮元件556通过轴558连接到齿轮元件560上,所以齿轮元件556沿顺时针方向的旋转使齿轮元件560也沿顺时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件560与齿轮元件562a啮合,所以齿轮元件560的顺时针旋转使齿轮元件562a和562b沿逆时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件562b与齿轮元件564啮合,所以齿轮元件562b的逆时针旋转使齿轮元件564沿顺时针方向旋转。由于板518移动到第二位置,所以齿轮元件562b与销513一起旋转,而齿轮元件514不旋转。
齿轮元件564的顺时针旋转使第一纵向杆566与第二纵向杆568一起沿顺时针方向旋转。位于第一纵向杆566的远侧端和第二纵向杆568的肩部572之间的弹簧570用于在远侧方向上偏置第二纵向杆568,从而确保第二纵向杆568的远侧端574定位在楔件驱动器605的相应的开口605d内。
为了进一步说明手术器械11的切割/缝合操作,接下来参考图3(g)。图3(g)是根据本发明的一个实施例的手术器械11处于完全闭合位置的截面图。在图3(g)中,没有示出手术器械11的第一和第二钳夹50、80的夹紧表面106、108之间的组织部分。
如图3(g)所示,手术器械11设置在第二钳夹80内,并且切割及缝合元件104包括图3(g)中的可更换缝钉筒600,可更换缝钉筒600以可更换方式安装在第二钳夹80内。在图3(f)中的分解图中示出的可更换缝钉筒600,在图3(g)中示为组装起来并安装在第二钳夹80内。
如图3(g)所示,楔件603上设置有具有切割边缘51a的刀片51。选择性地,切割及缝合元件可单独设置。在图3(g)示出的示例性实施例中,刀片51具有尾部区域654,尾部区域654具有接触面653。刀片51绕枢轴51b可旋转地联接到楔件603上以使刀片51能够在第一和第二位置之间旋转。图3(g)示出当楔件603和刀片51从缝钉盘604的远侧端604c移动到近侧端604d时楔件603和刀片51所处的几个不同的位置,所述位置标示为位置A至E。
在标示为A的位置处,楔件603和刀片51位于缝钉盘604的远侧端604c处。在标示为A的位置处,楔件603和刀片51容纳在壳体615内,并且刀片51相对于楔件603旋转以便处于缩回位置,例如切割边缘51a朝向上并且不暴露在外。接触面653最初面向缝钉盘604的近侧端604d。
在操作过程中,经由第二纵向杆568的远侧端574,楔件驱动器605旋转从而使楔件603和刀片51推进到标示为B的位置。在标示为B的位置处,楔件603和刀片51相对于缝钉盘604的远侧端604c位于近侧。具体地,在标示为B的位置处,楔件603和刀片51定位成使得刀片51的接触面653开始接触壳体615的致动唇缘615a。当刀片51的接触面653开始接触壳体615的致动唇缘615a时,刀片51开始相对于楔件603旋转。
经由第二纵向杆568的远侧端574,楔件驱动器605的进一步旋转使楔件603和刀片51推进到标示为C的位置。在标示为C的位置处,楔件603和刀片51仍然相对于缝钉盘604的远侧端604c位于近侧。具体地,在标示为C的位置处,楔件603和刀片51定位成使得刀片51的接触面653充分地接触壳体615的致动唇缘615a。当刀片51的接触面653充分地接触壳体615的致动唇缘615a时,刀片51相对于楔件603充分地旋转,从而使得刀片51的切割边缘51a处于伸展位置,例如切割边缘51a面向缝钉盘604的近侧端604d。
经由第二纵向杆568的远侧端574,楔件驱动器605的进一步旋转使楔件603和刀片51推进到标示为D的位置。在标示为D的位置处,楔件603和刀片51大致位于缝钉盘604的远侧端604c和近侧端604d之间的中间点处。在标示为D的位置处,刀片51被保持在伸展位置,在该伸展位置处切割边缘51a面向缝钉盘604的近侧端604d,以便切割夹紧在第一钳夹50和第二钳夹80之间的组织部分(未图示)。
经由第二纵向杆568的远侧端574,楔件驱动器605的进一步旋转使楔件603和刀片51推进到标示为E的位置。在标示为E的位置处,楔件603和刀片51位于缝钉盘604的近侧端604d处。在标示为E的位置处,刀片51仍然保持在伸展位置,切割边缘51a面向缝钉盘604的近侧端604d。然而,在此位置,刀片51包含在壳体616内,从而使切割边缘51a不暴露在外。
可以在刀片51从第二钳夹80的近侧端80b移动到远侧端80a的同时可启动容纳在缝钉盘604内的缝钉606。例如,经由第二纵向杆568的远侧端574,楔件驱动器605的旋转使楔件603移动穿过缝钉盘604的中央通道604e。当楔件603从缝钉盘604的远侧端604c移动到近侧端604d而穿过中央通道604e时,楔件603的一对倾斜边缘603b以可滑动方式接合缝钉推动器607的相应的顶表面607a,并且连续推动缝钉推动器607的缝钉推动指607c进入缝钉盘604中的凹604h,从而将缝钉606从缝钉盘604中的凹604h中推出。当手术器械11处于闭合位置时,缝钉导向件703的行702与第二钳夹80中的缝钉盘604的凹604h对准,以便由缝钉推动器607的缝钉推动指607c将保持在缝钉盘604的凹604h中的缝钉606推入钉砧构件700的相应的缝钉导向件703内,并且由钉砧构件700的相应的缝钉导向件703闭合。当启动手术器械11时,缝钉导向件703容纳缝钉606的延伸部606b并弯折延伸部606b以便闭合缝钉606,从而缝合组织部分。
应当认识到,根据本发明的各种实施例,刀片51和楔件603可以向近侧或远侧方向移动,以便切割位于第一钳夹50和第二钳夹80之间的组织部分。而且,应当认识到,根据本发明的各种实施方式,可以采用构造成使刀片51和楔件603移动以便切割和/或缝合位于第一钳夹50和第二钳夹80之间的组织部分的任何机械装置。
如上所述,虽然第一和第二钳夹50、80的开启和闭合可以以简单的剪刀型方式进行,但是在其它实施例中,第一和第二钳夹50、80可以不同的方式开启和闭合。下面将结合图3(i)至3(l)概述这种形式的运动的实例。2003年6月11日提交的专利申请第10/460,291号中描述了这种运动的进一步的细节和益处,该申请文件的全部内容通过引用明确地结合到本文中。为了清楚起见,手术器械11的靠近齿轮元件514和齿轮元件564的部件没有示出。应当理解的是,齿轮元件514、564可以由图3(a)至3(e)中示出的驱动部件的组合或者由任何其它驱动部件的组合来驱动。
图3(i)示出相对于第二钳夹80处于开启位置的第一钳夹50。在该位置处,推块522位于螺杆520的近侧端处或螺杆520的近侧端附近,并且连接到推块522的滚子524定位在第一钳夹50的凹5011的近侧端处或第一钳夹50的凹5011的近侧端附近。第一钳夹50包括枢轴销5012,其接合在第二钳夹80的竖向凹5013内。第一和第二钳夹50、80的近侧端50b、80b分别被偏置而彼此分开,使得在图3(i)中示出的初始位置处销5012位于凹5013的下端处。
参考图3(j),当齿轮元件514旋转时,推块522向远侧移动到螺杆520的第一中间位置处,并且连接到推块522的滚子524在第一钳夹50的凹5011内同样向远侧移动到第一中间位置处。在图3(j)中示出的位置处,销5012在凹5013内移动,直到其最终位于凹5013的上端处。在这种方式中,在第一和第二钳夹50、80充分夹紧之前,第一和第二钳夹50、80的远侧端50a、80a闭合。
参考图3(k),当齿轮元件514进一步旋转时,推块522继续向远侧移动到螺杆520的第二中间位置处,并且连接到推块522的滚子524在第一钳夹50的凹5011内同样向远侧移动到第二中间位置处。在图3(k)中示出的位置处,第一和第二钳夹50、80的进一步夹紧使销5012在凹5013内再次移动,直到其最终位于凹5013的下端处。在这种方式中,在第一和第二钳夹50、80的近侧部逐渐夹紧的同时第一和第二钳夹50、80的远侧端50a、80a保持闭合。推块522沿螺杆520继续向远侧的移动最终将手术器械11置于图3(l)中示出的位置,在该位置处第一和第二钳夹50、80在它们的远侧端50a、80a以及近侧端50b、80b处都相互夹紧。
如上所述,可以采用各种不同的机构来使第一钳夹50相对于第二钳夹80运动。不管为此目的所采用的机构如何,总体上理想的是采用在位于第一钳夹50和第二钳夹80之间的组织部分上施加强大夹紧力的机构。图4(a)是根据本发明的另一个实施例的手术器械11的立体图,该手术器械采用不同的机构来使第一钳夹50相对于第二钳夹80运动。
图4(b)是示出钳夹部11a的第二钳夹80的附加特征的立体图。为了清楚起见,第一钳夹50以虚线示出。具体地,图4(b)示出第一驱动器88的多个部分,例如连接到第一可旋转夹紧元件302的水平驱动器元件301。根据该实施例的第一驱动器88的这些以及其它特征在图5(a)至5(d)中进一步示出。
图5(a)是示出第二钳夹80的近侧端80b的立体图。第一钳夹50的近侧端50b以虚线示出。图5(a)示出处于完全开启位置的手术器械11。在该实施例中,第一驱动器88包括旋转轴303。第一驱动器88还包括水平驱动器元件301。水平驱动器元件301的近侧端与旋转轴303接合。水平驱动器元件301的远侧端包括开口3011。第一驱动器88还包括第一可旋转夹紧元件302。第一可旋转夹紧元件302具有近侧端3021、中间部分3022以及远侧端3023。
第一驱动器88还包括第二可旋转夹紧元件303。第二可旋转夹紧元件303具有近侧端3032和远侧端3031。第一可旋转夹紧元件302的近侧端以可枢转方式连接到水平驱动器元件301的远侧端的开口3011。第一可旋转夹紧元件302的中间部分3022以可枢转方式连接到第二可旋转夹紧元件303的近侧端3032。第一可旋转夹紧元件302的远侧端3023以可枢转方式连接到第一钳夹50。第二可旋转夹紧元件303的远侧端3031以可枢转方式连接到第二钳夹50。并且,第一钳夹50的近侧端50b以可枢转方式绕枢轴点A连接到第二钳夹80的近侧端80b。
当接合第一驱动器88时,手术器械11移动到第一部分闭合位置,如图5(b)所示。具体地,当接合第一马达96时,第一驱动轴94使第一驱动凹座654沿第一方向旋转。第一驱动凹座654的旋转使第一驱动器88的旋转轴303旋转,旋转轴303的旋转又使水平驱动器元件301向远侧移动。应当认识到,虽然第一驱动器88的部件在结合该实施例时被描述成包括旋转轴303,但是第一驱动器88的部件可以包括上文结合图3(a)至3(e)中示出的实施例所描述的一些或所有部件,或者可以包括适于使水平驱动器元件301向远侧驱动方向移动的部件的任何其它结构。
仍参考图5(b),水平驱动器元件301向远侧的运动使第一可旋转夹紧元件302旋转,从而使得第二可旋转夹紧元件302的远侧端3023开始在向下方向上移动。由于第二可旋转夹紧元件302的远侧端3023以可枢转方式连接到第一钳夹50,所以第二可旋转夹紧元件302的远侧端3023的向下运动使第一钳夹50绕枢轴点A相对于第二钳夹80旋转到部分闭合位置。
当与第一驱动器88进一步接合时,手术器械11移动到第二部分闭合位置,如图5(c)所示。具体地,当与第一马达96进一步接合时,使得水平驱动器元件301经由第一驱动轴94、第一驱动凹座654以及第一驱动器88的旋转轴303的旋转更进一步向远侧方向移动。水平驱动器元件301继续向远侧的运动使第一可旋转夹紧元件302进一步旋转,从而使第二可旋转夹紧元件302的远侧端3023继续在向下方向上移动。由于第二可旋转夹紧元件302的远侧端3023以可枢转方式连接到第一钳夹50,所以第二可旋转夹紧元件302的远侧端3023的继续向下运动使第一钳夹50绕枢轴点A相对于第二钳夹80旋转到几乎完全闭合的位置。
当与第一驱动器88进一步接合时,手术器械11移动到完全闭合位置,如图5(d)所示。具体地,当与第一马达96更进一步接合时,使水平驱动器元件301经由第一驱动轴94、第一驱动凹座654以及第一驱动器88的旋转轴303的旋转移动到最远侧位置。在最远侧位置处,第一可旋转夹紧元件302充分旋转,从而使第一可旋转夹紧元件302的远侧端3023处于最低位置。在最低位置处,第一可旋转夹紧元件302的远侧端3023已使第一钳夹50绕枢轴点A移动到完全闭合位置,从而使置于第一和第二钳夹50、80之间的组织部分52充分夹紧在第一和第二钳夹50、80之间。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,手术器械11可构造成纯机械器械驱动器系统的附件或者与纯机械器械驱动器系统一体化,如图1中所示。在另一个实施例中,手术器械11可构造成机-电手术系统的附件或者与机-电手术系统一体化,例如图2(a)中示出的机-电驱动器系统1610。
具体地,图2(a)是根据本发明的机-电驱动器部件1610的示例性实施例的立体图。这种机-电手术系统在例如2000年11月28日提交的美国专利申请第09/723,715号并于2004年9月21日公布的美国专利第6,793,652号、2001年4月17日提交的美国专利申请第09/836,781号、2001年6月22日提交的美国专利申请第09/887,789号以及2002年3月15日提交的美国专利申请第10/099,634号中有所描述,所述专利文献的全部内容通过引用明确地结合到本文中。机-电驱动器部件1610可包括例如远程动力控制台1612,远程动力控制台1612包括具有前面板1615的外壳1614。显示器装置1616和指示器1618a、1618b安装在前面板1615上。柔性轴1620从外壳1614延伸出并借助第一联接件1622以可拆卸方式连接到外壳1614。柔性轴1620的远侧端1624可包括第二联接件1626,第二联接件1626适于以可拆卸方式将例如上述的手术器械11联接到柔性轴1620的远侧端1624。第二联接件1626也适于以可拆卸方式连接不同的手术设备或附件。在另一实施例中,柔性轴1620的远侧端1624可永久性地连接到手术设备或与手术设备一体地设置。
图6(a)至6(e)示出根据本发明的一个实施例的可用于将手术器械11连接到机-电驱动部件1610的联接件和柔性轴的装置。例如,图6(a)示出从外壳1614延伸并通过第一联接件2622以可拆卸方式连接到外壳1614的柔性轴2620。柔性轴2620的远侧端2624可包括第二联接件2626,所述第二联接件2626适于以可拆卸方式将例如上述的手术器械11连接到柔性轴2620的远侧端2624。图6(b)示出根据本发明的一个实施例的第一联接件2622的后视立体图。图6(c)示出根据图6(b)中示出的实施例的第一联接件2622的前视立体图。图6(d)是第一联接件2622的一些内部部件的侧视立体图。图6(e)是根据本发明的一个实施例的在柔性轴2620的远侧端2624的第二联接件2626的后视立体图。为了清楚起见,柔性轴2620在图6(e)中以虚线示出。在代理人卷号为11443/210的申请人的待审的专利申请中进一步描述这些部件的附加特征。
虽然柔性轴2620和联接件2622、2626的组合提供了一种可以将手术器械11连接到机-电动力控制台1610的装置,但是还可以采用任何合适的装置。例如,图7至10示出另一种可以将手术器械11连接到机-电动力控制台1610的装置。参考图7,图中示出柔性轴1620的侧视图,其中一部分是截面图。根据示例性实施例,柔性轴1620包括管状外套1628,管状外套1628可包括构造成在其内部通道1640和外界之间提供流体密封的包层或其它密封装置。外套1628可以由与组织兼容且可消毒的合成橡胶材料制成。外套1628还可以由耐高压加热的材料形成。第一可旋转驱动轴94、第二可旋转驱动轴102、第一转向线缆1634、第二转向线缆1635、第三转向线缆1636、第四转向线缆1637以及数据传输线缆1638可设置在柔性轴1620的内部通道1640内并沿其整个长度延伸。图8是柔性轴1620沿图7中示出的线8-8的截面图,并且该图进一步示出所述若干线缆94、102、1634、1635、1636、1637以及1638。转向线缆1634、1635、1636、1637的每个的远侧端固定到柔性轴1620的远侧端1624。所述若干线缆94、102、1634、1635、1636、1637以及1638中的每个都可以容置在相应外套内。
第一可旋转驱动轴94和第二可旋转驱动轴102可以构造成例如高柔性驱动轴,例如编织的或螺旋状的驱动线缆。应当理解的是,这种高柔性驱动线缆可能具有有限的扭矩传输特性和能力。还应当理解的是,手术器械11或者连接到柔性轴1620的其它附件可能需要比驱动轴94、102能够传输的扭矩更高的扭矩输入。因此驱动轴94、102可以构造成传输高速/低扭矩,高速/低扭矩可以通过例如设置在手术设备或附件中和/或远程动力控制台1612中的驱动柔性轴1620的远侧端和/或近侧端处的齿轮装置转化成低速/高扭矩。应当理解的是,这种齿轮装置可沿设置在外壳1614中的马达与连接到柔性轴1620的手术设备或其它附件之间的传动系设置在任何合适位置。这种齿轮装置可包括例如正齿轮装置、行星齿轮装置、谐波齿轮装置、摆线驱动装置、周转齿轮装置等。
现在参考图9,其示出了第一联接件1622的后视端面图。第一联接件1622包括第一连接器1644、第二连接器1648、第三连接器1652以及第四连接器1656,每个所述连接器都以可旋转方式紧固到第一联接件1622。各连接器1644、1648、1652、1656包括相应的凹部1646、1650、1654、1658。如图9所示,每个凹部1646、1650、1654、1658可以是六边形。然而,应当理解的是,凹部1646、1650、1654、1658可以具有任何适于将连接器1644、1648、1652、1656以不可旋转方式联接以及以刚性方式连接到容置在外壳1614内的马达装置的相应驱动轴的形状和构造。应当理解的是,可以在马达装置的相应的驱动轴上设置互补的凸起以便驱动柔性轴1620的驱动元件。还应当理解的是,所述凹部可以设置在驱动轴上,而互补的凸起可以设置在连接器1644、1648、1652、1656上。可以设置构造成以不可旋转方式及可释放方式联接连接器1644、1648、1652、1656和马达装置的驱动轴的任何其它联接装置。
连接器1644、1648、1652、1656中的一个以不可旋转方式紧固到第一驱动轴94,连接器1644、1648、1652、1656中的另一个以不可旋转方式紧固到第二驱动轴102。连接器1644、1648、1652、1656中剩余的两个与构造成给转向线缆1634、1635、1636、1637上施加张力从而使柔性轴1620的远侧端1624转向的传动元件相接合。数据传输线缆1638与数据连接器1660电连接和逻辑连接。数据连接器1660包括例如电触点1662,电触点1662对应于容置在数据线缆1638中的独立导线并与容置在数据线缆1638中的独立导线在数目上相等。第一联接件1622包括键结构1642,键结构1642构造成使第一联接件1622适当地定向到设置在外壳1612上的匹配和互补的联接装置。键结构1642可以设置在第一联接件1622和设置于外壳1612上的匹配和互补的联接装置中的任一个上或者在两个上都设置。第一联接件1622可包括速接型连接器,其通过简单的推动即可使第一联接件1622接合到外壳1612。可以与若干连接器1644、1648、1652、1656、1660中的任一个结合设置密封件以便在第一联接件1622的内部和外界之间提供流体密封。
现在参考图10,其示出柔性轴1620的第二联接件1626的主视端面图。在该示例性实施例中,第二联接件1626包括第一连接器1666和第二连接器1668,每个所述连接器以可旋转方式紧固到第二联接件1626,并且每个所述连接器以不可旋转方式紧固到第一驱动轴94和第二驱动轴102中相应的一个的远侧端。速接型配合件1664设置在第二联接件1626上从而以可拆卸方式将器械11紧固到第二联接件1626上。速接型配合件1664可以是例如旋转速接型配合件、卡合型配合件等,并且速接型配合件1664可以是与图2(b)中示出的速接套筒713互补的配合件。键结构1674可以设置在第二联接件1626上,并且可以构造成使手术器械11与第二联接件1626以适当方式对齐。构造成使手术器械11与柔性轴1620以适当方式对齐的键结构或其它装置可以设置在第二联接件1626和手术器械11中任一个上或者在两个上都设置。另外,键结构可设置在器械11上,如图2(b)中所示,作为速接套筒713的凹槽713a。具有电触点1672的数据连接器1670也设置在第二联接件1626中。像第一联接件1622的数据连接器1660一样,第二联接件1626的数据连接器1670包括触点1672,触点1672电连接并逻辑连接到数据传输线缆1638的相应的导线和数据连接器1660的触点1662。可以与连接器1666、1668、1670结合设置密封件,以便在第二联接件1626的内部和外界之间提供流体密封。
机-电驱动器元件设置在远程动力控制台1612的外壳1614内,并且构造成驱动所述驱动轴94、102和转向线缆1634、1635、1636、1637从而使机-电驱动器部件1610和连接到第二联接件1626的手术器械11运转。在图19中示意性示出的实施例中,5个电动马达96、100、1684、1690、1696中每个都借助电源运转,所述5个电动马达可设置在远程动力控制台1612中。然而,应当理解的是,可以设置任何合适数目的马达,并且所述马达可以借助电池电源、线路电流、DC电源、电子控制DC电源等运转。还应当理解的是,所述马达可以连接到DC电源,DC电源又连接到线路电流并给所述马达提供工作电流。
图11示意性地示出一种可行的马达布置。当第一联接件1622与外壳1614接合并因此使柔性轴1620与外壳1614接合以驱动第一驱动轴94和第二联接件1626的第一连接器1666时,第一马达96的输出轴1678与第一联接件1622的第一连接器1644接合。相似地,当第一联接件1622与外壳1614接合并因此使柔性轴1620与外壳1614接合以驱动第二驱动轴102和第二联接件1626的第二连接器1668时,第二马达100的输出轴1682与第一联接件1622的第二连接器1648接合。当第一联接件1622与外壳1614接合并因此使柔性轴1620与外壳1614接合以通过第一滑轮装置1688驱动第一转向线缆1634和第二转向线缆1635时,第三马达1684的输出轴1686与第一联接件1622的第三连接器1652接合。当第一联接件1622与外壳1614接合并因此使柔性轴1620与外壳1614接合以通过第二滑轮装置1694驱动第三转向线缆1636和第四转向线缆1637时,第四马达1690的输出轴1692与第一联接件1622的第四连接器1656接合。第三马达1684和第四马达1690可以紧固在支架1100上,支架1100可通过第五马达1696的输出轴1698选择性地在第一位置和第二位置之间移动,从而选择性地使第三马达1684和第四马达1690与相应的滑轮装置1688、1694接合和断开,进而根据需要允许柔性轴1620变得拉紧且可转向或者变得松弛。应当理解的是,其它机械、电力和/或机-电机构等也可用于选择性地接合和断开该转向机构。所述马达可以如名称为“A Carriage Assembly for Controlling a Steering Wire Mechanism Within aFlexible Shaft(用于控制柔性轴内的操纵线机构的托架组件)”的美国专利申请第09/510,923号所述的方式设置和构造,该申请的全部内容通过引用明确地结合到本文中。还应当理解的是,根据本发明的其它实施方式,转向机构可以根本不存在,手术器械11在钳夹部11a和轴部11b之间提供铰接运动以便在手术部位内灵活操作手术器械11。
应当理解的是,马达96、100、1684、1690、1696中任一个或多个可以是例如高速/低扭矩马达、低速/高扭矩马达等。如上所述,第一可旋转驱动轴94和第二可旋转驱动轴102可构造成传递高速和低扭矩。因此,第一马达96和第二马达100可构造成高速/低扭矩马达。替代性地,第一马达96和第二马达100可构造成低速/高扭矩马达,同时在第一马达96和第二马达100与第一可旋转驱动轴94和第二可旋转驱动轴102中相应的一个之间设置减小扭矩/增加转速的齿轮装置。这种减小扭矩/增加转速的齿轮装置可包括例如正齿轮装置、行星齿轮装置、谐波齿轮装置、摆线驱动装置、周转齿轮装置等。应当理解的是,任何一种此类齿轮装置可以设置在远程动力控制台1612内或者设置在柔性轴1620的近侧端中,例如设置在第一联接件1622中。应当理解的是,所述齿轮装置可以设置在第一可旋转驱动轴94和/或第二可旋转驱动轴102的远侧端和/或近侧端处以防止其扭振(windup)和断裂。
现在参考图12,其为机-电驱动器部件1610的示意图。控制器1122设置在远程动力控制台1612的外壳1614中,并且构造成控制机-电驱动器部件1610和线性夹紧、切割及缝合器械11或者其它手术设备或连接到柔性轴1620的附件的所有功能和操作。设置存储单元1130,存储单元1130可包括诸如ROM部件1132、RAM部件1134之类的存储装置。ROM部件1132经由线路1136与控制器1122电连接并逻辑联通,RAM部件1134经由线路1138与控制器1122电连接并逻辑联通。RAM部件1134可包括诸如磁存储装置、光存储装置、光磁存储装置、电子存储装置之类的任何类型的随机存取存储器。相似地,ROM部件1132可包括任何类型的只读存储器,例如PC卡或PCMCIA型装置之类的可移动存储装置。应当理解的是,ROM部件1132和RAM部件1134可以构造成单个单元或者可以是独立的单元,并且ROM部件1132和/或RAM部件1134可以PC卡或PCMCIA型装置的形式设置。
控制器1122进一步连接到外壳1614的前面板1615,更具体地,控制器1122经由线路1154进一步连接到显示器装置1616,并经由相应的线路1156、1158连接到指示器1618a、1618b。线路1116、1118、1124、1126、1128将控制器1122分别电连接和逻辑连接到第一马达96、第二马达100、第三马达1684、第四马达1690和第五马达1696。有线远程控制单元(“RCU”)1150经由线路1152电连接和逻辑连接到控制器1122。还设置了无线RCU1148,无线RCU1148经由无线线路1160与接收/发送单元1146通信,接收/发送单元1146经由线路1144连接到收发器1140。收发器1140经由线路1142电连接并逻辑连接到控制器1122。无线链路1160可以是诸如红外线路之类的光学线路、无线电链路或任何其它形式的无线通信链路。
开关装置1186可包括例如一排DIP开关,开关装置1186可经由线路1188连接到控制器1122。开关装置1186可构造成例如选择用于在显示器装置1616上显示信息以及提示符的多种语言之一。所述信息和提示符可能涉及例如机-电驱动器部件1610和/或附连到其上的手术器械11的操作和/或状态。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,第一编码器1106设置在第二联接件1626内,并且构造成响应于并且根据第一驱动轴94的旋转来输出信号。第二编码器1108也设置在第二联接件1626内,并且构造成响应于并且根据第二驱动轴102的旋转来输出信号。由各编码器1106、1108输出的信号可表示相应的驱动轴94、102的旋转位置及其旋转方向。这些编码器可以是例如LED之类的光源装置以及例如图6(e)中示出的光纤。替代性地,这种编码器1106、1108可包括例如霍尔效应装置、光学装置等。虽然编码器1106、1108被描述成设置在第二联接件1626内,但是应当理解的是,编码器1106、1108可以设置在马达系统和手术器械11之间的任何位置处。应当理解的是,将编码器1106、1108设置在第二联接件1626内或设置在柔性轴1620的远侧端处可以准确地确定驱动轴的旋转。如果编码器1106、1108设置在柔性轴1620的近侧端处,则第一可旋转驱动轴94和第二可旋转驱动轴102的扭振可能导致测量误差。
图13是包括霍尔效应装置的编码器1106、1108的示意图。具有北极1242和南极1244的磁体1240以不可旋转方式安装在驱动轴94、102上。编码器1106、1108还包括第一传感器1246和第二传感器1248,第一传感器1246和第二传感器1248设置成相对于驱动轴94、102的纵轴线或旋转轴线大致成90°。传感器1246、1248的输出是持续的并且作为传感器检测范围中的磁场的磁极变化的函数而改变其状态。因此,基于来自编码器1106、1108的输出信号,可以在1/4转内确定驱动轴94、102的角位置并且可以确定驱动轴94、102的旋转方向。各编码器1106、1108的输出经由数据传输线缆1638的相应线路1110、1112传送到控制器1122。通过基于来自编码器1106、1108的输出信号,通过追踪驱动轴94、102的角位置和旋转方向,控制器1122可以确定连接到机-电驱动器部件1610的手术器械的部件的位置和/或状态。也就是说,通过统计驱动轴94、102的转动次数,控制器1122可以确定连接到机-电驱动器部件1610的手术器械的部件的位置和/或状态。
例如,第一钳夹50相对于第二钳夹80的进给距离以及楔件603的进给距离可以是相应的驱动轴94、102的旋转的函数并且能够根据相应的驱动轴94、102的旋转来确定。通过确定一个时间点上第一钳夹50和楔件603的绝对位置,基于来自编码器1106、1108的输出信号以及螺杆520和楔件驱动器605的已知螺距,第一钳夹50和楔件603的相对位移可用于确定在之后所有时间第一钳夹50和楔件603的绝对位置。第一钳夹50和楔件603的绝对位置可以是固定的,并且在手术器械11最初联接到柔性轴1620时确定。替代性地,第一钳夹50和楔件603相对于例如第二钳夹80的位置可基于来自编码器1106、1108的输出信号来确定。
如上文结合图2(b)和图10所述,手术器械11可包括数据连接器1272,数据连接器1272的尺寸和构造适于电连接并逻辑连接到第二联接件1626的连接器1670。在所述示例性实施例中,数据连接器1272包括在数量上与连接器1670的触点1672相等的触点1276。存储模块6041与数据连接器1272电连接并逻辑连接。存储模块6041可以是例如EEPROM、EPROM等的形式,并且存储模块6041可以容置在例如手术器械11的第二钳夹80的可更换缝钉筒600的缝钉盘604内,如图3(f)所示。
图14示意性地示出存储模块6041。如在图14中所观察到的,数据连接器1272包括触点1276,每个触点1276经由相应的线路,例如柔性数据线缆1278,电连接并逻辑连接到存储模块6041。存储模块6041可构造成存储例如序列号数据1180、附件类型识别器(ID)数据1182和使用数据1184。存储模块6041另外还存储其它数据。序列号数据1180和ID数据1182都可构造成只读数据。序列号数据1180和/或ID数据1182可存储在存储模块6041的只读区段中。在该示例性实施例中,序列号数据1180可以是专门识别特定手术器械的数据,而ID数据1182可以是识别诸如用于连接其它类型的手术设备或附件的机-电驱动器部件1610的附件类型的数据。使用数据1184表示特定附件的使用情况,例如,手术器械11的第一钳夹50已经开启和闭合的次数或者手术器械11的楔件603已经进给的次数。使用数据1184可以存储在存储模块6041的读/写区段中。
应当理解的是,连接到柔性轴1620的远侧端1624的附件,例如手术器械11,可以设计并构造成一次使用的或多次使用的。所述附件也可以设计并构造成可使用预定的次数。相应地,使用数据1184可用于确定手术器械11是否已被使用以及使用次数是否超过最大允许使用的次数。如下文将更全面地描述地,在达到最大允许使用的次数之后再试图使用该附件将产生ERROR状态。
再次参考图12,控制器1122构造成当手术器械11最初连接到柔性轴1620时从手术器械11的存储模块6041读取ID数据1182。存储模块6041经由数据传输线缆1638的线路1120电连接并逻辑连接到控制器1122。基于所读取的ID数据1182,控制器1122构造成从存储单元1130读取或选择与连接到柔性轴1620的手术设备或附件的类型相对应的操作程序或算法。存储单元1130构造成为手术设备或附件的每个现有类型储存操作程序或算法,控制器1122根据从所连接的手术设备或附件的存储模块6041中读取的ID数据1182来从存储单元1130中选择和/或读取操作程序或算法。如上所示,存储单元1130可包括可移动ROM部件1132和/或RAM部件1134。因此,存储在存储单元1130中的操作程序或算法可以根据需要而更新、增加、删除、改进或以其它方式修改。存储在存储单元1130中的操作程序或算法可基于例如使用者的特殊需要而定制。数据输入装置,例如盘、鼠标、定点装置、触摸屏等,可以经由例如数据连接器端口而连接到存储单元1130,以便使操作程序或算法用户化。替代性地或附加地,所述操作程序或算法可以以远程方式从机-电驱动器部件1610定制并预先编程到存储单元1130中。应当理解的是,序列号数据1180和/或使用数据1184也可用于确定从存储单元1130中读取或选择多个操作程序或算法中的哪一个。应当理解的是,操作程序或算法可以替代性地储存在手术器械11的存储模块6041中,并且经由数据传输线缆1638传输到控制器1122。一旦控制器1122读取或选择了合适的操作程序或算法或者合适的操作程序或算法传送到控制器1122,控制器1122便根据使用者通过有线RCU 1150和/或无线RCU 1148实施的操作来执行所述操作程序或算法。如上所示,控制器1122经由相应的线路1116、1118、1124、1126、1128与第一马达96、第二马达100、第三马达1684、第四马达1690以及第五马达1696电连接和逻辑连接,并且控制器1122构造成根据经由相应的线路1116、1118、1124、1126、1128所读取、选择或传送的操作程序或算法来控制所述马达96、100、1684、1690、1696。
现在参考图15,其为无线RCU 1148的示意图。无线RCU 1148包括转向控制器1300,其具有设置在四路摇杆1310下方的多个开关1302、1304、1306、1308。通过摇杆1310操作开关1302、1304便可通过第三马达1684控制第一转向线缆1634和第二转向线缆1635的操作。相似地,通过摇杆1310操作开关1306、1308便可通过第四马达1692控制第三转向线缆1636和第四转向线缆1637的操作。应当理解的是,摇杆1310和开关1302、1304、1306、1308设置成使得开关1302、1304的操作使柔性轴1620沿南-北方向转向,并且开关1306、1308的操作使柔性轴1620沿东-西方向转向。这里引用的北、南、东和西是相对坐标系而言的。替代性地,可设置数字操纵杆、模拟操纵杆等,来替代摇杆1310和开关1302、1304、1306、1308。也可用电位计或任何其它类型的致动器来代替开关1302、1304、1306、1308。
无线RCU 1148还包括转向接合/断开开关1312,操作该开关即可控制第五马达696的运转,选择性地接合及断开转向机构。无线RCU 1148还包括具有可操作的第一开关1316和第二开关1318的二路摇杆1314。操作这些开关1316、1318即可根据与连接的器械相对应的操作程序或算法,来控制机-电驱动器部件1610以及诸如手术器械11之类连接到柔性轴1620的任何手术设备或附件的某些功能。例如,操作二路摇杆1314可控制手术器械11的第一钳夹50和第二钳夹80的开启和闭合。无线RCU 1148还设置有另一个开关1320,操作该开关即可根据与连接的器械相对应的操作程序或算法来进一步控制机-电驱动器部件1610以及连接到柔性轴1620的器械的操作。例如,操作开关1320可以开始进给手术器械11的楔件603。
无线RCU1148包括控制器1322,其经由线路1324与开关1302、1304、1306、1308电连接和逻辑连接;经由线路1326与开关1316、1318电连接和逻辑连接;经由线路1328与开关1312电连接和逻辑连接;以及经由线路1330与开关1320电连接和逻辑连接。无线RCU1148可包括指示器1618a’、1618b’和显示器装置1616’,指示器1618a’、1618b’对应于前面板1615的指示器1618a、1618b,显示器装置1616’对应于前面板1615的显示器装置1616。如果设置了指示器1618a’、1618b’和显示器装置1616’,则指示器1618a’、1618b’经由相应的线路1332、1334电连接和逻辑连接到控制器1322,以及显示器装置1616’经由线路1336电连接和逻辑连接到控制器1322。控制器1322经由线路1340电连接和逻辑连接到收发器1338,收发器1338经由线路1344电连接和逻辑连接到接收器/发送器1342。可以在无线RCU 1148中设置诸如电池之类的电源以便为无线RCU1148供电。因此,无线RCU 1148可用于经由无线线路1160控制机-电驱动器部件1610和连接到柔性轴1620的器械11的操作。
无线RCU 1148可包括经由线路1348连接到控制器1322的开关1346。操作开关1346即可经由无线线路1160将数据信号传送到发送器/接收器1146。数据信号包括专门识别无线RCU 1148的识别数据。控制器1122用该识别数据来防止对机-电驱动器部件1610进行未经授权的操作,并防止与另一无线RCU对机-电驱动器部件610进行的操作相互冲突。无线RCU 1148与机-电驱动器部件610之间随后每次的通信都包括识别数据。因此,控制器1122可以在多个无线RCU之间进行区分,从而仅允许单个、可识别的无线RCU 1148来控制机-电驱动器部件1610和连接到柔性轴1620的手术器械11的操作。
基于根据来自编码器1106、1108的输出信号确定的连接到柔性轴1620的手术器械的部件的位置,控制器1122可以选择性地使机-电驱动器部件1610的由与所连接的器械对应的操作程序或算法限定的功能生效或失效。例如,对于手术器械11,除非在第一钳夹50和第二钳夹80之间的空间或间隙已确定在可接受的范围内,否则可以使由操作开关1320控制的启动功能失效。
现在参考图16,图中示出有线RCU 1150的示意图。在该示例性实施例中,有线RCU 1150包括大体上与无线RCU 1148相同的控制元件,在此省略对这些元件的进一步描述。同样的元件在图16中以原标号加上上标来标示。应当理解的是,机-电驱动器部件1610和诸如手术器械11的连接到柔性轴1620的器械的功能可以由有线RCU 1150和/或无线RCU 1148来控制。在例如无线RCU 1148中的电池产生故障的情况下,有线RCU 1150可用于控制机-电驱动器部件1610和连接到柔性轴1620的器械的功能。
如上所述,外壳1614的前面板1615包括显示器装置1616和指示器1618a、1618b。显示器装置1616可包括诸如LCD显示器装置之类的字母数字显示器装置。显示器装置1616也可包括诸如扬声器、蜂鸣器之类的音频输出器件。根据与连接到柔性轴1620的器械,例如手术器械11相对应的操作程序或算法,控制器1122来操作和控制显示器装置1616。如果没有手术设备或附件连接到柔性轴1620,则控制器1122可以读取或选择默认的操作程序或算法或者默认的操作程序或算法可被传送到控制器1122,从而控制显示器装置1616的操作以及机-电驱动器部件1610的其它方面和功能。如果手术器械11连接到柔性轴1620,则显示器装置1616可以显示例如指示根据编码器1106、1108的输出信号确定的第一钳夹50和第二钳夹80之间的间隙的数据,如上文更全面地所描述的。
相似地,控制器1122根据与连接到柔性轴1620的器械,例如手术器械11相对应的操作程序或算法来操作和控制指示器1618a、1618b。指示器1618a和/或指示器1618b可包括诸如扬声器、蜂鸣器之类的音频输出装置和/或诸如LED、指示灯、照明灯之类的视觉指示器装置。如果手术器械11连接到柔性轴1620,则指示器1618a可以指示例如机-电驱动器部件1610的电源处于开启状态,并且指示器1618b可以指示例如所确定的第一钳夹50和第二钳夹80之间的间隙是否在可接受的范围内。应当理解的是,虽然描述了两个指示器1618a、1618b,但是可以根据需要另外设置任意数目的指示器。另外,应当理解的是,虽然描述了单个显示器装置1616,但是可以根据需要另外设置任意数目的显示器装置。
有线RCU 1150的显示器装置1616’和指示器1618a’、1618b’以及无线RCU 1148的显示器装置1616”和指示器1618a”、1618b”由相应的控制器1322、1322”根据连接到柔性轴1620的器械的操作程序或算法以相似方式操作和控制。
如上所述,常规手术器械,特别是诸如图1中示出的常规的线性夹紧、切割及缝合器械所存在的一个问题是,难于在患者体内灵活操作相对的钳夹。外科医生可能需要在各种角度之间移动相对的钳夹以便将期望的组织定位在相对的钳夹之间。然而,也可能期望在患者体内切割尽可能小的切口,小尺寸的切口限制了可以灵活操作相对钳夹的程度。本发明的实施例提供的手术器械,例如手术器械11能够以更高的灵活性在患者体内操作。
常规手术器械,特别是诸如图1中示出的上述线性夹紧、切割及缝合器械所存在的另一个问题是,相对的钳夹可能无法充分止血。具体地,上述手术器械的相对的钳夹可能无法以足量的力来夹紧,从而降低了手术器械的有效性。本发明的实施例可以更好地夹紧位于例如手术器械11之类手术器械的钳夹之间的组织部分,从而更充分地为被夹紧的组织部分提供止血条件。
此外,如前所述,常规切割及缝合器械的一个问题是,该机构的相对钳夹可能无法充分夹紧被夹持在钳夹之间的组织部分,并且它们可能无法防止被夹持在钳夹之间的组织部分在该器械的操作过程中从所述钳夹的远侧端之间脱离。这是因为诸如图1中示出的器械之类的常规夹紧、切割及缝合器械的剪刀型夹持元件会绕所述夹持元件的近侧端处的固定枢轴点相对于彼此枢转。因此,由于近侧端处夹持元件之间的距离总是小于远侧端处夹持元件之间的距离,所以在夹持元件的近侧端附近的置于夹持元件之间的组织部分上的夹紧力最大并且向远侧方向逐渐减小。夹持元件的近侧端处的相对较大的夹紧力连同夹持元件的远侧端处的相对较小的夹紧力,使得朝向夹持元件的远侧端推动组织部分并最终将该组织部分从所述夹持元件的远侧端之间推出。因此,该组织部分可能未充分切割和缝合,并且未充分切割和缝合的组织的端部可能会导致其内容物溅到患者张开的腹腔内,从而增加感染和其它并发症的几率。
相反,如上文结合图3(i)至3(l)详细描述的,手术器械11可以提供一种装置,在该装置中第一钳夹50的远侧端50a和第二钳夹80的远侧端80a在手术器械11的操作过程中朝彼此推进,使得在手术器械11中第一钳夹50的远侧端50a和第二钳夹80的远侧端80a之间的夹紧力大于常规夹紧、切割及缝合器械的钳夹的远侧端之间的夹紧力。第一和第二钳夹50、80的远侧端50a、80a处增加后的夹紧力可以防止置于第一和第二钳夹50、80之间的组织部分从第一和第二钳夹50、80的远侧端50a、80a之间脱离。
如上所述,图17至图19示出本发明的另一个实施例。与前述的实施例相同,在图17至图19中示出的实施例示出了一种装置,在该装置中采用两根可旋转的驱动轴来选择性地使钳夹部相对于轴部运动,使钳夹部绕其纵轴线旋转,使第一钳夹-例如上钳夹,相对于第二钳夹-例如下钳夹运动,以及启动缝合及切割筒。所述特定的实施例提供了一种装置,在该装置中第一和第二钳夹相互相对于彼此的位置使齿轮元件接合和脱离以便选择性地使钳夹部或钳夹部的一部分绕其纵轴线旋转,并且启动缝合及切割筒。
图17为示出本实施例的各个特征的侧截面图。在该实施例中,提供了一种装置,该装置构造成使钳夹部3111a相对于轴部3111c运动,例如以铰接方式运动。另外,该装置构造成使钳夹部3111a的至少一部分绕其纵轴线旋转,并且更具体地,在示出的实施例中,使钳夹部3111a的远侧部3111d相对于钳夹部3111a的连接部3111b旋转。更进一步,该装置构造成使上钳夹3050相对于下钳夹3080运动,例如开启和闭合,以及启动位于下钳夹3080内的缝合及切割筒。
参考图17,其示出了绕销3505可旋转地安装的上斜齿轮元件3504,销3505的中心轴线与钳夹部3111a相对于轴部3111c枢转所绕的枢轴线B共轴。齿轮元件3504与纵向设置在钳夹部3111a内的夹紧齿轮轴3506的斜齿轮元件3506b啮合。夹紧齿轮轴3506还包括正齿轮元件3506a。夹紧齿轮轴3506,包括正齿轮元件3506a和斜齿轮元件3506b,在连接部3111b内绕夹紧齿轮轴3506的纵轴线旋转。正齿轮元件3506a与齿轮轴3512的正齿轮元件3512a啮合。齿轮轴3512的近侧端以可旋转的方式安装在铰接齿轮3677的远侧凹部36771内,而齿轮轴3512的远侧端接合夹紧螺杆3520(下文将给出另外的详细说明)。以这种方式,齿轮轴3512可旋转地安装在钳夹部3111a的连接部3111b和远侧部3111d内。夹紧螺杆3520纵向地设置并且通过与齿轮轴3512的远侧端接合绕夹紧螺杆3520的纵轴线旋转。
内轴3524安装在螺杆3520上。内轴3524的相对的侧端定位在上钳夹3050的每一侧的相应的凹槽5111内。上钳夹3050绕销3051可旋转地安装到钳夹壳体30091,上钳夹3050相对于凹槽5111置于远侧。
键控管3518与齿轮轴3512共轴地安装,并且键控管3518可相对于齿轮轴3512纵向滑动。键控管3518在其近侧端包括端板3518a,端板3518a以防止键控管3518相对于连接部3111b旋转的方式接合连接部3111b。弹簧垫圈3001接合端板3518a的近侧面,以便向远侧偏置键控管3518。键控管3518在其远侧端包括一组齿3518b。齿3518b与凸轮块3002的近侧元件30029的对应形状的凹部3002a选择性地接合。
凸轮块3002以不可旋转的方式安装在钳夹部3111a的远侧部3111d内,并且在钳夹部3111a的远侧部3111d内可轴向运动。凸轮块3002的近侧元件30029的一部分向近侧延伸穿过纵向布置的钳夹壳体3009的孔。具体地,凸轮块3002在第一位置(图17中示出的位置)和第二位置之间可沿轴向移动,在第一位置处对应形状的凹部3002a不与齿3518b接合,在第二位置处凸轮块3002相对于第一位置向近侧移动并且对应形状的凹部3002a与齿3518b可旋转地锁定接合。
空转齿轮3562与键控管3518共轴地安装。空转齿轮3562的远侧端选择性地与在钳夹壳体3009的近侧面上的对应形状的凹部3009b接合、与沿穿过钳夹壳体3009的纵向孔的周向设置的对应形状的凹部3009b接合。凸轮块3002的近侧元件30029在钳夹壳体3009的中心孔内可纵向移动。因此凸轮块3002的近侧面30028纵向地移动穿过钳夹壳体3009的孔,使得空转齿轮3562的远侧面与凸轮块3002的近侧面30028选择性地接合,例如接触。空转齿轮3562的近侧面邻近键控管3518的端板3518a的远侧面,因此空转齿轮3562的近侧面借助于键控管3518受到弹簧垫圈3001的远侧偏置而向远侧偏置。
空转齿轮3562在第一位置和第二位置之间可轴向运动。在第一位置(图7中示出的位置),空转齿轮3562的远侧端定位在钳夹壳体3009的近侧面上的对应形状的凹部3009b内,以便相对于钳夹壳体3009以不可旋转方式锁定接合。另外,在所述第一位置,凸轮块3002的近侧面30028与空转齿轮3562的侧轴向地间隔。
在第二位置,凸轮块3002相对于图7所示的位置向近侧移动,使得凸轮块3002的近侧面30028接合,例如接触并渐渐推动,空转齿轮3562的远侧面。在这种方式中,克服了弹簧垫圈3001的偏置力,并且使空转齿轮3562向近侧运动。空转齿轮3562的近侧运动最终使得空转齿轮3562的远侧面不再与钳夹壳体3009的凹部3009b接合。一旦空转齿轮3562完全不再与钳夹壳体3009的凹部3009b接合,空转齿轮3562便可绕键控管3518旋转。
另外,下斜齿轮元件3554可绕销3505旋转。下斜齿轮元件3554与纵向设置在钳夹部3111a内的齿轮轴3556的斜齿轮元件3556b啮合。齿轮轴3556还包括正齿轮元件3556a。齿轮轴3556,包括正齿轮元件3556a和斜齿轮元件3556b,在连接部3111b内绕齿轮轴3556的纵轴线旋转。齿轮元件3556a与空转齿轮3562的近侧部啮合。
齿轮轴3564的齿轮元件3564a与空转齿轮3562的远侧部啮合。齿轮轴3564安装在钳夹部3111a内并且绕钳夹部3111a的纵轴线旋转。齿轮轴3564的远侧端具有凹部35641,凹部35641具有接合纵向杆3568的对应形状的近侧端35681的横截面。纵向杆3568具有肩部3568a。弹簧3567在齿轮轴3564和纵向杆3568的肩部3568a之间。纵向杆3568的远侧端35682构造成与楔件驱动器中相应的开口接合。如上文所述,楔件驱动器旋转从而沿缝钉筒驱动缝合/切割楔件。
钳夹主体3009沿其外圆周长的近侧部具有凹部。密封套筒3710的远侧端配合在凹部的上方,密封套筒3710在其远侧端具有外圆周面,该外圆周面与钳夹壳体3009的外圆周面邻近。另外,密封套筒3710沿其外圆周长的近侧部具有凹部。所述凹部沿周向设置有凹槽,密封圈3711位于所述凹槽内。连接部壳体3715配合在凹部的上方,连接部壳体3715具有通常与密封套筒3710的远侧部的外圆周面邻近的外圆周面。连接部壳体3715的远侧部将密封圈3711保持在密封套筒3710的凹槽内。在密封套筒3710的向远侧设置的部件相对于彼此旋转时,密封圈3711使得在密封套筒3710和密封套筒3710的远侧设置的部件以及连接部壳体3715之间能够保持密封。在这种方式中,钳夹部3111a(或钳夹部3111a的至少一部分,例如远侧部3111d)绕其纵轴线旋转。
凸轮块3002的另外的详细情况在图18中示出。参考图18,如上所述,凸轮块3002安装成在钳夹部3111a的远侧部3111d内可轴向移动。如图所示,凸轮块3002包括设置在横向彼此相对的侧面上的一对臂30021。该对臂30021中的每一个包括表面3002c。当上钳夹3050相对于下钳夹3080运动时,凸轮块3002的表面3002c与上钳夹3050的相应的凸轮面3050a接合。如上所述,凸轮块3002的近侧元件30029向近侧延伸,例如,穿过钳夹壳体3009(该该图中被隐藏)的中心孔。一对弹簧3003中的每一个位于凸轮块3002的近侧面和钳夹壳体3009(该该图中被隐藏)的远侧面之间以向远侧偏置凸轮块3002。如上所述,凸轮块3002在第一位置(图18中示出的位置)和第二位置之间可纵向移动,在第一位置处对应形状的凹部3002a不与齿3518b接合,在第二位置处凸轮块3002相对于第一位置向近侧移动。在第二位置处,对应形状的凹部3002a与键控管3518的齿3518b锁定接合。当上钳夹3050相对于下钳夹3080运动时,凸轮块3002的表面3002c与上钳夹3050的相应的凸轮面3050a接合使得凸轮块3002在第一位置和第二位置之间移动,下面将对此另外进行详细描述。
图18还示出了远侧再装入接触件3820和近侧再装入接触件3830。远侧再装入接触件3830与近侧再装入接触件接触并通信,以便在手术器械中装入新的缝钉筒时提供远侧部3111d相对于连接部3111b已经旋转回到其初始位置的信号。
在图19中示出了接合键控管3518和空转齿轮3562的多个表面和凹部的附加说明。具体地,图19示出在手术器械3000的最中心区域,纵向设置的夹紧螺杆3520的中心孔3521。如上所述,纵向设置的夹紧螺杆3520的中心孔3521具有构造成容纳并可旋转地接合齿轮轴3512的对应形状的端部的横截面,以便齿轮轴3512的旋转使得夹紧螺杆3520也旋转。
示出的凸轮块3002的近侧元件30029的近侧面30028径向地位于纵向设置的夹紧螺杆3520的中心孔3521的外侧。近侧面30028包括凹部3002a。如上所述,凹部3002a构造成与键控管3518的齿3518b选择性地接合。由于键控管3518以不可旋转的方式安装在钳夹部3111a内,凸轮块3002的近侧元件30029的凹部3002a与键控管3518的齿3518b的接合防止凸轮块3002和键控管3518之间的相对旋转。
示出的钳夹壳体3009的近侧面3009a径向地位于凸轮块3002的近侧元件30029的近侧面30028的外侧。钳夹壳体3009的近侧面3009a包括凹部3009b。如上所述,凹部3009b构造成与空转齿轮3562的远侧端选择性地接合。当钳夹壳体3009的凹部3009b与空转齿轮3562的远侧端接合时,可防止空转齿轮3562相对于钳夹壳体3009旋转。如上所述,弹簧垫圈3001向远侧偏置空转齿轮3562以使空转齿轮3562位于凹部3009b内。当凸轮块3002向近侧移动到凸轮块3002的近侧面30028相对于钳夹壳体3009的近侧面3009a较近的位置处时,空转齿轮3562被凸轮块3002移动出凹部3009b并且相对于凸轮块3002自由旋转。
在操作过程中,将钳夹部3111a保持在初始位置,在该位置处钳夹部3111a与轴部3111c轴向地对齐。在该位置处,手术器械3111可例如通过套管针或套管插入手术部位。根据切口和待夹紧、缝合即切割组织的位置,使用者可按照如上所述的方式或任何其他方式使钳夹部3111a相对于轴部3111c以铰接方式运动。
一旦钳夹部3111a绕销3505铰接运动到期望的位置,第一钳夹3050可相对于第二钳夹3080运动,例如开启,以使组织部分置于第一钳夹3050和第二钳夹3080之间。为使第一钳夹3050相对于第二钳夹3080开启,可使齿轮元件3504绕销3505沿逆时针方向(从上方观察时)旋转。由于齿轮元件3504与齿轮元件3506b接合,齿轮元件3504的逆时针旋转使齿轮元件3506b沿顺时针方向旋转(除非另有说明,为了简洁起见,这里引用的旋转方向,例如顺时针或逆时针,全部参照从手术器械的近侧端朝向手术器械11的远侧端观察所得的方向;而且,应当理解的是,虽然在下文的公开包括为执行特定的功能而为手术器械11的每个部件设置了各种参考旋转方向,但是这些方向仅仅是示例性的,因为某些部件可能构造不同,例如螺纹部分可具有与左旋螺纹相反的右旋螺纹等,从而为执行相同的下文所述的功能而使这里所述的旋转方向相反)。由于齿轮元件3506b和齿轮元件3506a是齿轮轴3506的固定部件,因此齿轮元件3506b沿顺时针方向的旋转使齿轮元件3506a也沿顺时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件3506a与齿轮轴3512的齿轮元件3512a接合,齿轮元件3506a的顺时针旋转使齿轮元件3512a和齿轮轴3512沿逆时针方向旋转,齿轮元件3512a是齿轮轴3512的固定部件。
由于齿轮轴3512的远侧端与夹紧螺杆3520接合,齿轮轴3512沿逆时针方向的旋转使夹紧螺杆3520也沿逆时针方向旋转。由于内轴3524与夹紧螺杆3520的外螺纹螺纹接合,夹紧螺杆3520沿逆时针方向的旋转使得内轴555分别在第一钳夹3050和第二钳夹3080的凹槽5111内沿远侧方向移动。内轴3524的这种向远侧的运动使得第一和第二钳夹相对于彼此运动,例如开启。这种夹紧装置的附加细节可在例如2005年7月27日提交的名称为“手术器械”(‘Surgical Device’)的申请人的待审的美国专利申请第11/191,851号中找到,其公开的全部内容通引用合并于此。
而且,第一和第二钳夹3050、3080的相互开启使得凸轮块3002和空转齿轮3562向远侧移动。具体地,当钳夹相互开启时,凸轮块3002和空转齿轮3562向远侧移动直到凹部3002a与齿3518b分隔开并且与齿3518b不再接合。而且,凸轮块3002的向远侧运动使得凸轮块3002的近侧面30028离开空转齿轮3562的远侧面,从而弹簧垫圈3001的偏置力使空转齿轮3562向远侧移动。空转齿轮3562的继续向远侧移动最终使空转齿轮3562的远侧面与钳夹壳体3009的凹部3009b接合,直到防止空转齿轮3562相对于键控管3518旋转。
一旦第一和第二钳夹30503080已经充分地开启,则钳夹部3111a或至少钳夹部3111a的一部分,例如远侧部3111d,可绕其纵轴线旋转。具体地,在示出的实施方式中,远侧部3111d可相对于连接部3111b绕连接部3111b的纵轴线,如示出的轴线D旋转。参考图17,为使远侧部3111d相对于连接部3111b绕连接部3111b的纵轴线沿逆时针方向旋转,可使齿轮元件3554绕销3505沿顺时针方向(从上方观察时)旋转。由于齿轮元件3554与齿轮元件3556b接合,齿轮元件3554的顺时针旋转使齿轮元件3556b沿顺时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件3556b和齿轮元件3556a是齿轮轴3556的固定部件,因此齿轮元件3556b沿顺时针方向的旋转使齿轮元件3556a也沿顺时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件3556a与空转齿轮3562接合,则齿轮元件3556a的顺时针旋转使空转齿轮3562沿逆时针方向旋转。由于空转齿轮被保持在其第一位置,则空转齿轮3562的远侧端与钳夹壳体3009的对应形状的开口3009b锁定接合。因此,空转齿轮3562绕其中心轴线沿逆时针方向的旋转使得钳夹壳体3009(以及钳夹壳体3009的所有远侧部件)相对于连接部壳体3715绕纵轴线D沿逆时针方向旋转。注意的是,在该实施例中凸轮块3002和空转齿轮3562设置成钳夹开启时可以不启动缝钉筒,而是如下文所述,一旦钳夹相互闭合就启动缝钉筒。
在这种方式中一旦钳夹部3111a,或其一部分,绕纵轴线D旋转到期望的位置,可以闭合钳夹3050、3080,例如以便夹紧置于钳夹3050和3080之间的组织部分。为执行这种操作,可使齿轮元件3504绕销3505沿顺时针方向(从上方观察时)旋转。由于齿轮元件3504与齿轮元件3506b接合,则齿轮元件3504的顺时针旋转使齿轮元件3506b沿逆时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件3506b和齿轮元件3506a是齿轮轴3506的固定部件,因此齿轮元件3506b沿逆时针方向的旋转使齿轮元件3506a也沿逆时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件3506a与齿轮轴3512的齿轮元件3512a接合,则齿轮元件3506a的逆时针旋转使齿轮元件3512a和齿轮轴3512沿顺时针方向旋转,齿轮元件3512a是齿轮轴3512的固定部件。
由于齿轮轴3512的远侧端与夹紧螺杆3520接合,齿轮轴3512沿顺时针方向的旋转使夹紧螺杆3520也沿顺时针方向旋转。由于内轴3524与夹紧螺杆3520的外螺纹螺纹接合,则夹紧螺杆3520沿顺时针方向的旋转使得内轴555分别在第一钳夹3050和第二钳夹3080的凹槽5111内沿近侧方向移动。内轴3524的这种向近侧的移动使得第一和第二钳夹相对于彼此运动,例如闭合。
而且,第一钳夹3050和第二钳夹3080的相互闭合使得凸轮块3002移动回到其初始位置,这又使空转齿轮3562运动回到其初始位置。具体地,凸轮块3002向近侧移动直到对应形状的凹部3002a与齿3518b锁定接合。而且,凸轮块3002的向近侧移动使得凸轮块3002的近侧面30028推压空转齿轮3562的远侧面。在这种方式中,克服了弹簧垫圈3001的偏置力以使空转齿轮3562向近侧移动直到空转齿轮3562的远侧端从钳夹壳体3009的在近侧面上的凹部3009b断开。随着钳夹闭合,空转齿轮3562绕键控管3518自由旋转。
一旦组织部分被夹持在第一钳夹3050和第二钳夹3080之间,就可切割和/或缝合组织部分。应当理解的是,虽然示出的本发明既用于切割元件又用于缝合元件,但是手术器械11仅可采用一个这种元件,或可采用其他类型的手术设备。
在将手术器械11插入患者体内之前,缝钉筒设置在第二钳夹3080内。在实施例中,手术器械11是单用途器械,其中缝钉筒与第二钳夹3080一体构成。选择性地,手术器械11可具有可更换缝钉筒,例如图3(f)中示出的可更换缝钉筒600,从而允许手术器械11多次与不同的缝钉筒结合使用。在该实施例中,如果手术器械11是第一次使用,则可以在制造及组装手术器械11的过程中预先安装缝钉筒600,或者在使用手术器械11之前由使用者安装缝钉筒600。如果手术器械11是第二次或更多次使用,则可以在使用手术器械11之前由使用者安装缝钉筒600。当缝钉筒600插入第二钳夹3080内时,纵向杆3568的远侧端35682容纳在楔件驱动器605的近侧的开口605d内。
参考图17,为启动缝钉筒,可使齿轮元件3554绕销3505沿顺时针方向(从上方观察时)旋转。由于齿轮元件3554与齿轮元件3556b接合,则齿轮元件3554的顺时针旋转使齿轮元件3556b沿顺时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件3556b和齿轮元件3556a是齿轮轴3556的固定部件,因此齿轮元件3556b沿顺时针方向的旋转使齿轮元件3556a也沿顺时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件3556a与空转齿轮3562接合,则齿轮元件3556a的顺时针旋转使空转齿轮3562沿逆时针方向旋转。由于空转齿轮绕键控管3518自由旋转,则空转齿轮3562绕其中心轴线沿逆时针方向的旋转使齿轮轴3564沿顺时针方向旋转。由于在齿轮轴3564的远侧端处的凹部35641与纵向杆3568的对应形状的近侧端35681接合,则齿轮轴3564沿顺时针方向的旋转使得纵向杆35681也沿顺时针方向旋转。纵向杆3568的远侧端35682与楔件驱动器605的开口605d(在图3(f)中示出)接合。楔件驱动器605旋转从而沿缝钉筒驱动缝合/切割楔件,如上文所述。
应当理解的是,根据本发明的各个实施例,刀片51和楔件603可向近侧或远侧方向移动以切割和/或缝合置于第一钳夹3050和第二钳夹3080之间的组织部分。此外,应当理解的是,根据本发明的各个实施例,可采用构造成能够移动刀片51和楔件603以切割和/或缝合置于第一钳夹3050和第二钳夹3080之间的组织部分的任何机械装置。
一旦可以切割和/或缝合组织部分,则可用手术器械11来使楔件603和刀片51回到它们的初始位置。这是在手术器械11采用可更换缝钉筒,例如图3(f)中示出的可更换缝钉筒600时所特别期望的,从而允许手术器械11多次与不同的缝钉筒结合使用。一旦楔件603和刀片51移动到它们的初始位置,则手术器械11可第二次或更多次使用。为此,使用者可取下用完的缝钉筒600并且在手术器械11中插入新的缝钉筒600,纵向杆3568的远侧端容纳在新的缝钉筒600的楔件驱动器605的近侧的开口605d内。当然,应当理解的是,使楔件603和刀片51回到它们的初始位置的所述步骤可在从患者体内移走手术器械11之前或者之后执行。
为使楔件603和刀片51回到它们的初始位置,可使齿轮元件3554绕销3505沿逆时针方向(从上方观察时)旋转。由于齿轮元件3554与齿轮元件3556b接合,则齿轮元件3554的逆时针旋转使齿轮元件3556b沿逆时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件3556b和齿轮元件3556a是齿轮轴3556的固定部件,因此齿轮元件3556b沿逆时针方向的旋转使齿轮元件3556a也沿逆时针方向旋转。由于齿轮元件3556a与空转齿轮3562接合,则齿轮元件3556a的逆时针旋转使空转齿轮3562沿顺时针方向旋转。由于空转齿轮绕键控管3518自由旋转,则空转齿轮3562绕其中心轴线沿顺时针方向的旋转使齿轮轴3564沿逆时针方向旋转。由于在齿轮轴3564的远侧端处的凹部35641与纵向杆3568的对应形状的近侧端35681接合,从而齿轮轴3564沿逆时针方向的旋转使得纵向杆3568也沿逆时针方向旋转。纵向杆3568的远侧端35682与楔件驱动器605的开口605d(在图3(f)中示出)接合,并且楔件驱动器605的逆时针旋转使楔件603移动回到其初始位置,从而如果合适的话手术器械可准备容纳新的缝钉筒600。
一旦楔件603移动回到其初始位置,则可使第一钳夹3050再次相对于第二钳夹3080移动,例如开启,以便从第一钳夹3050和第二钳夹3080之间释放夹紧的组织部分。为相对于第二钳夹3080开启第一钳夹3050,可使齿轮元件3504绕销3505沿逆时针方向(从上方观察时)旋转。齿轮元件3504的逆时针旋转使齿轮元件3506b沿顺时针方向旋转,这又使齿轮元件3506a也沿顺时针方向旋转。齿轮元件3506a的顺时针旋转使齿轮元件3512a和齿轮轴3512沿逆时针方向旋转,齿轮元件3512a是齿轮轴3512的固定部件。齿轮轴3512沿逆时针方向的旋转使夹紧螺杆3520也沿逆时针方向旋转,这又使内轴555分别在第一钳夹3050和第二钳夹3080的凹槽5111内沿远侧方向移动。内轴3524的这种向远侧的移动使得第一钳夹和第二钳夹相对于彼此运动,例如开启。
再者,第一钳夹3050和第二钳夹3080的相互开启使得凸轮块3002和空转齿轮3562向远侧移动。具体地,当钳夹相互开启时,凸轮块3002和空转齿轮3562向远侧移动直到凹部3002a与齿3518b分隔开并且与齿3518b不再接合。而且,凸轮块3002的向远侧移动使得凸轮块3002的近侧面30028离开空转齿轮3562的远侧面,从而弹簧垫圈3001的偏置力使空转齿轮3562向远侧移动。空转齿轮3562的继续向远侧移动最终使空转齿轮3562的远侧面与钳夹壳体3009的凹部3009b接合,直到防止空转齿轮3562相对于键控管3518旋转。
一旦第一钳夹3050和第二钳夹3080已经完全地开启以释放夹持在第一钳夹3050和第二钳夹3080之间的组织部分,则钳夹部3111a或至少钳夹部3111a的一部分,例如远侧部3111d,可绕其纵轴线旋转回到其最初的位置,例如未旋转时的位置。参考图17,为使远侧部3111d相对于连接部3111b沿顺时针方向旋转,可使齿轮元件3554绕销3505沿逆时针方向(从上方观察时)旋转,这又使齿轮元件3556b沿逆时针方向旋转。齿轮元件3556b沿逆时针方向的旋转使齿轮元件3556a也沿逆时针方向旋转,这又使空转齿轮3562沿顺时针方向旋转。由于空转齿轮3562被保持在其第一位置,则空转齿轮3562的远侧端与钳夹壳体3009的对应形状的凹部3009b锁定接合。因此,空转齿轮3562沿顺时针方向的旋转使得钳夹壳体3009以及钳夹壳体3009的所有远侧部件相对于连接部壳体3715沿顺时针方向旋转。当然,虽然此“返回”旋转在上文中描述为沿顺时针方向,但是当钳夹部3111a(或至少其一部分,例如远侧部3111d)在最初旋转时,在所述步骤中的旋转方向与使用者选择的任何旋转方向相反。
一旦钳夹部3111a,或其一部分,按这种方式中绕纵轴线D旋转回到其最初的位置,可以闭合钳夹3050、3080,例如以能够将手术器械11经由开口,例如手术器械最初插入通过的插管,从患者体内移走。为执行这种操作,可使齿轮元件3504绕销3505沿顺时针方向(从上方观察时)旋转。齿轮元件3504的顺时针旋转使齿轮元件3506b沿逆时针方向旋转。齿轮元件3506b沿逆时针方向的旋转使齿轮元件3506a也沿逆时针方向旋转。齿轮元件3506a的逆时针旋转使齿轮元件3512a和齿轮轴3512沿顺时针方向旋转,齿轮元件3512a是齿轮轴3512的固定部件。
齿轮轴3512沿顺时针方向的旋转使夹紧螺杆3520也沿顺时针方向旋转。夹紧螺杆3520沿顺时针方向的旋转使内轴555分别在第一钳夹3050和第二钳夹3080的凹槽5111内沿近侧方向移动。内轴3524的这种向近侧的移动使得第一和第二钳夹相对于彼此运动,例如闭合。
随着第一和第二钳夹3050、3080相对于彼此闭合,然后使用者可使钳夹部3111a相对于轴部3111c以铰接方式运动回到其初始位置,例如,并使钳夹部3111a相对于轴部3111c轴向对齐。随着钳夹部3111a再次相对于轴部3111c轴向对齐,手术器械11可离开手术位置。当然,应当理解的是,本发明的手术器械11可回到其初始位置,例如在从患者体内移开之前或之后旋转或以铰接方式运动。
本领域的技术人员应当理解的是,在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以做出上述实施例的多种改型。虽然这里已经详细描述并公开了本发明的示例性实施例,但是应当理解的是,本发明并不限于所述示例性实施例。

Claims (39)

1.一种手术器械,包括:
钳夹部,其具有第一钳夹和第二钳夹,第一钳夹与第二钳夹相对,第二钳夹包括手术构件;
轴部,其联接到所述钳夹部的近侧端;
齿轮装置,其构造成按如下方式运转:所述钳夹部能够相对于所述轴部旋转,所述钳夹部能够相对于所述轴部移动,所述第一钳夹能够相对于所述第二钳夹移动并且所述手术构件能够在所述第二钳夹内移动;
其中,防止所述手术构件在所述第二钳夹内移动除非所述第一钳夹相对于所述第二钳夹处于闭合位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的手术器械,其中,当所述第一钳夹相对于所述第二钳夹处于开启位置时,所述钳夹部能够相对于所述轴部旋转。
3.根据权利要求2所述的手术器械,进一步包括齿轮元件。
4.根据权利要求3所述的手术器械,其中,所述齿轮元件根据所述第一钳夹相对于所述第二钳夹的位置选择性地接合。
5.根据权利要求4所述的手术器械,其中,所述齿轮元件是在近侧位置和远侧位置之间能够移动的空转齿轮。
6.根据权利要求5所述的手术器械,进一步包括在近侧位置和远侧位置之间能够移动的凸轮块。
7.根据权利要求6所述的手术器械,其中,所述凸轮块包括表面,并且其中当所述第一和第二钳夹相对于彼此移动时,所述凸轮块通过所述表面与所述第一和第二钳夹中的一个的表面接合而在所述凸轮块的近侧和远侧位置之间移动。
8.根据权利要求7所述的手术器械,其中,所述空转齿轮通过所述凸轮块与所述空转齿轮的接合而在所述空转齿轮的近侧位置和远侧位置之间移动。
9.根据权利要求8所述的手术器械,其中,当所述空转齿轮在远侧位置时,所述空转齿轮接合壳体的凹部。
10.根据权利要求9所述的手术器械,其中,当所述空转齿轮接合所述壳体的凹部时,所述空转齿轮被驱动元件旋转使所述钳夹部相对于所述轴部旋转。
11.根据权利要求10所述的手术器械,其中,当所述空转齿轮在近侧位置时,所述空转齿轮不与所述壳体的凹部接合,从而使所述空转齿轮能够相对于所述壳体旋转。
12.根据权利要求11所述的手术器械,其中,当所述空转齿轮不与所述壳体的凹部接合时,所述空转齿轮被所述驱动元件旋转使得所述手术构件在所述第二钳夹内移动。
13.根据权利要求12所述的手术器械,其中,所述手术构件包括切割元件和缝合元件中的至少一个。
14.一种使用手术器械的方法,所述手术器械包括:钳夹部,其具有第一钳夹和第二钳夹,第一钳夹和第二钳夹相对,所述第二钳夹包括手术构件,以及联接到所述钳夹部的近侧端的轴部,所述方法包括以下步骤:
操作所述手术器械以便选择性地使所述钳夹部相对于所述轴部旋转,使所述钳夹部相对于所述轴部移动,使所述第一钳夹相对于所述第二钳夹移动,并且使所述手术构件在所述第二钳夹内移动;以及
锁定所述手术构件以防其在所述第二钳夹内移动,除非所述第一钳夹相对于所述第二钳夹处于闭合位置。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,进一步包括当所述第一钳夹相对于所述第二钳夹处于开启位置时使所述钳夹部相对于所述轴部旋转的步骤。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,进一步包括设置齿轮元件的步骤。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,进一步包括根据所述第一钳夹相对于所述第二钳夹的位置而选择性地接合所述齿轮元件的步骤。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中,设置齿轮元件的步骤包括设置能够在近侧位置和远侧位置之间移动的空转齿轮。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,进一步包括设置能够在近侧位置和远侧位置之间移动的凸轮块的步骤。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中,所述凸轮块包括表面,并且所述方法进一步包括当所述第一和第二钳夹相对于彼此移动时,所述凸轮块通过所述表面与所述第一和第二钳夹中的一个的表面接合而使凸轮块在其近侧位置和远侧位置之间移动的步骤。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法,进一步包括通过所述凸轮块与所述空转齿轮的接合而使所述空转齿轮在其近侧和远侧位置之间移动的步骤。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,进一步包括当所述空转齿轮在远侧位置时所述空转齿轮接合壳体的凹部的步骤。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中,当所述空转齿轮接合所述壳体的所述凹部时,所述空转齿轮被驱动元件旋转而使所述钳夹部相对于所述轴部旋转。
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法,进一步包括以下步骤:
将所述空转齿轮移动到近侧位置,以使所述空转齿轮不与所述壳体的所述凹部接合;以及
使所述空转齿轮相对于所述壳体旋转。
25.根据权利要求24所述的方法,其中,一旦所述空转齿轮通过被驱动元件旋转,所述手术构件就在所述第二钳夹内移动。
26.根据权利要求25所述的方法,其中,所述手术构件包括切割元件和缝合元件中的至少一个,并且移动所述手术构件的步骤包括切割和缝合组织部分中的至少一个。
27.一种手术系统,包括:
至少一个马达;
手术器具,包括:
钳夹部,其具有第一钳夹和第二钳夹,第一钳夹和第二钳夹相对,所述第二钳夹包括手术构件;
轴部,其联接到所述钳夹部的近侧端;
齿轮装置,其构造成按如下方式运转:一旦至少一个马达致动,所述钳夹部能够相对于所述轴部旋转,所述钳夹部能够相对于所述轴部移动,所述第一钳夹能够相对于所述第二钳夹移动并且所述手术构件能够在所述第二钳夹内移动;
其中,防止所述手术构件在所述第二钳夹内移动,除非所述第一钳夹相对于所述第二钳夹处于闭合位置。
28.根据权利要求27所述的手术系统,其中,当所述手术器具的所述第一钳夹相对于所述第二钳夹处于开启位置时,所述钳夹部能够相对于所述轴部旋转。
29.根据权利要求28所述的手术系统,其中,所述手术器具进一步包括齿轮元件。
30.根据权利要求29所述的手术系统,其中,所述手术器具的所述齿轮元件根据所述第一钳夹相对于所述第二钳夹的位置而选择性地接合。
31.根据权利要求30所述的手术系统,其中,所述手术器具的齿轮元件是能够在近侧位置和远侧位置之间移动的空转齿轮。
32.根据权利要求31所述的手术系统,其中,所述手术器具进一步包括能够在近侧位置和远侧位置之间移动的凸轮块。
33.根据权利要求32所述的手术系统,其中,所述手术器具的所述凸轮块包括表面,并且其中在所述第一钳夹和所述第二钳夹相对于彼此移动时,所述凸轮块通过所述表面与所述第一和第二钳夹中的一个的表面接合而在所述凸轮块的近侧和远侧位置之间移动。
34.根据权利要求33所述的手术系统,其中,所述手术器具的所述空转齿轮通过所述凸轮块与所述空转齿轮的接合而在所述空转齿轮的近侧和远侧位置之间移动。
35.根据权利要求34所述的手术系统,其中,当所述空转齿轮在远侧位置时,所述空转齿轮接合手术器具的壳体的凹部。
36.根据权利要求35所述的手术系统,其中,当所述空转齿轮接合所述壳体的所述凹部时,所述空转齿轮被驱动元件旋转而使所述钳夹部相对于所述轴部旋转。
37.根据权利要求36所述的手术系统,其中,当所述手术器具的所述空转齿轮在近侧位置时,所述空转齿轮不与所述壳体的所述凹部接合,从而所述空转齿轮能够相对于所述壳体旋转。
38.根据权利要求37所述的手术系统,其中,当所述手术器具的所述空转齿轮不与所述壳体的所述凹部接合时,所述空转齿轮被所述驱动元件旋转而使得所述手术构件在所述第二钳夹内移动。
39.根据权利要求38所述的手术系统,其中,所述手术器具的所述手术构件包括切割元件和缝合元件中的至少一个。
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US7992758B2 (en) 2011-08-09
US20110132960A1 (en) 2011-06-09
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US8353440B2 (en) 2013-01-15
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US8752748B2 (en) 2014-06-17
US7918230B2 (en) 2011-04-05
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