CN101838547B

CN101838547B - Heavy oil and coal tar dehydrator

Info

Publication number: CN101838547B
Application number: CN2010101454234A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘*蔚; 朱春铠
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2010-04-13
Filing date: 2010-04-13
Publication date: 2013-04-10
Anticipated expiration: 2030-04-13
Also published as: CN101838547A

Abstract

The invention discloses a heavy oil and coal tar dehydrator and belongs to the field of petroleum and coal chemical industry deep process or secondary processing equipment. The dehydrator comprises a raw material oil inlet, a dehydrated oil outlet, a wrapping device, a roller, a driving device, a heating device and a collecting device, wherein the at least one roller is horizontally arranged in the wrapping device; the heating device is positioned in the roller; the driving device is connected with the roller; the collecting device is arranged on the roller; the upper end of the wrapping device is provided with an water vapor outlet; the raw material oil inlet is positioned on the upper end of the roller; and the dehydrated oil outlet is positioned on the bottom part of the wrapping device. In the invention, an oil membrane with a small thickness is formed on the outside of the roller which is horizontally placed and rotates by immersing, spreading and spraying heavy oil or coal tar and the inside of the roller supplies heat, so the dehydrator greatly improves the utilization efficiency of the heat, consumes a small amount of energy, has high dehydration efficiency, and is suitable for dehydrating heavy oil and coal tar.

Description

Heavy oil and coal tar dehydrator

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of Coal Chemical Industry equipment, particularly a kind of heavy oil and coal tar dehydration equipment.

Background technology

At present, be widely used wet method in heavy oil and the coal tar metallization processes and inhale burnt technology, because heavy oil and coal tar viscosity are high, poor fluidity, inhale the water that uses in the burnt technique and when collecting coal tar, collected by the coal tar collecting device in the mode of steam state, so the by product of coal tar----coal tar contains the water more than 10% usually.

Coal tar oil viscosity ρ 20 °=4.27,20 °=1.17g/cm3 of density d, its density and water approach, and viscosity is large in addition, and the dehydration of coal tar does not have the method for more efficient always, and conventional process has following several:

A. heat settled process

This processing method adopts general heating installation, such as installing steel pipe (in pass through hot water and steam) heating additional in coal tar storage tank bottom or with fuel combustion heating storage tank bottom, local heating coal tar, reduce the coal tar oil viscosity, improve its flowability, utilize the difference in specific gravity of coal tar and water, the water particle that is wrapped in the coal tar is floated up from coal tar, to reach the purpose of oily water separation, its equipment synoptic diagram is referring to Fig. 1;

B. distillation method

This processing method generally adopts distillation tower, concrete grammar is: with the pressurization of moisture coal tar from the distillation tower top or top spray into and fill Packed distillation tower, superheated vapour is introduced (with pressure) from the bottom of distillation tower, the coal tar that flows from top to down is heated by steam, and the coal tar temperature is increased to more than 100 ℃, in order to allow water particle vaporization in the coal tar, and discharge together from the top of distillation tower with the steam that flows from bottom to top, and coal tar flows out naturally from the distillation tower bottom, to reach the purpose of oily water separation.

C. diamond heating method

The equipment that this processing method adopts is generally tube furnace or tubulation, concrete grammar is: the hot waste gas after the fuel combustion is introduced the coal tar storage tank with tubulation, and hot gas reaches the water particle that reduces in coal tar oil viscosity, the partial vaporization coal tar after coal tar carries out heat exchange makes water separating of oil.

For above several techniques, the advantage of heating settled process be its do not need newly added equipment to drop into or the input of newly added equipment seldom, its shortcoming is this method because of the reason of self physical properties of coal tar thermal conductivity, poor fluidity, its work efficiency of separating profit is very low, production rate is slow, cause need to be very large the storage field, simultaneously the oily water separation rate is not high, the water ratio of coal tar is difficult to reach the national standard requirement below 4%.The advantage of distillation method is: production rate is obviously fast than the heating settled process, the water content after also but control on demand coal tar dewaters, its shortcoming is that distillation tower is because of the reason of operating parameters, energy consumption high (turret top gas exit temperature must be more than 100 ℃, and the heat energy in ℃ scope of normal temperature in the steam～100 can not utilize and is wasted).And the velocity of flow of coal tar can't manual operation, can't further enhance productivity.The diamond heating method advantage be: equipment is simple, but the working efficiency of dehydration is still very low, and the water content after the coal tar dehydration can not be controlled, and local temperature is difficult to control, the incipient scorch phenomenon occurs easily.

Summary of the invention

Goal of the invention of the present invention is: for the problem of above-mentioned existence, provide a kind of energy consumption is low, dewatering efficiency is high novel heavy oil and coal tar dehydrator.

The technical solution used in the present invention is such: a kind of heavy oil and coal tar dehydrator, stock oil entrance and dehydrated oil outlet, also comprise Wrap device, cylinder, drive unit, heating plant and collection device, described cylinder is at least one and be horizontally placed on Wrap device inside, described heating plant is positioned at cylinder inside, described drive unit links to each other with cylinder, be used for the head roll rotation, described collection device is arranged on the cylinder, be used for the coal tar by mode collection cylinder outer walls such as scraping, also be provided with the vaporize water vapour outlet in described Wrap device upper end, described stock oil entrance is positioned at the cylinder upper end, and the dehydrated oil outlet is positioned at the Wrap device bottom.

As preferably: also be provided with spraying plant at described stock oil entrance, be used for coal tar is sprayed on cylinder surface, thereby form very thin oil film, be beneficial to the water evaporation in the coal tar.

As preferably: described cylinder is sealing bottom surface up and down.

As preferably: described cylinder is two.

As preferably: described collection device is scraper plate.

As preferably: described collection device is positioned at the below, square section of cylinder.

As preferably: described heating plant is electrical heating element, superheat steam pipeline or high temperature air pipeline.

As preferably: described cylinder is metallic cylinder.

In sum, owing to adopted technique scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention is owing to form thickness very little oil film in the mode of soaking, drenching or spraying in the outside of the cylinder of horizontal positioned and rotation with coal tar, cylinder inside provides heat energy, because oil film thickness is very little, heat transfer process just can make the coal tar on the cylinder all reach the processing condition that can make the water particle vaporization within the very short time, rotating speed by the index drum rotation is cooperated simultaneously, makes the coal tar of the cylinder of flowing through finish rapidly dehydration.Add because the coal tar oil reservoir is thin, short to the resistance journey of vaporize water, the dehydration of coal tar is efficiently finished, use heavy oil or the coal tar of this device dehydration, general water ratio is below 1%.The thermal source that heating plant provides is installed in the cylinder inside of relative sealing, heat energy is only by relatively-stationary heat exchange medium--transfer of air is to cylinder, pass to coal tar by cylinder again, the heating medium air is not discharged after its temperature reduces after the heat transmission, but again with air heating to required temperature, significantly improved its utilization efficiency of heat energy, energy consumption is low, is applicable to the dehydration of heavy oil and coal tar.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the equipment principle synoptic diagram of heating settled process;

Fig. 2 is the equipment principle synoptic diagram of distillation method;

Fig. 3 is the equipment principle synoptic diagram of diamond heating method;

The structural representation of Fig. 4 embodiment of the invention 1;

Fig. 5 is the heating plant sectional view among Fig. 4.

Mark among the figure: 1 is the coal tar storage tank, and 2 is steel pipe, and 3 is the stock oil entrance, and 4 is the superheated vapour entrance, 5 are the superheated vapour outlet, and 6 is Separation of Water, and 7 is the vaporize water vapour outlet, and 8 are the dehydrated oil outlet, 9 is distillation tower, and 10 is filler, and 11 is fuel combustion chamber, 12 is tubulation, and 13 is combustion heat waste gas outlet, and 14 is Wrap device, 15 is cylinder, and 16 is heating plant, and 17 is the superheated vapour pipeline, 18 is scraper plate, and 19 is oil film, and 20 are the Separation of Water outlet.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail.

In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.

As shown in Figure 4, a kind of heavy oil and coal tar dehydrator, comprise stock oil entrance 3 and dehydrated oil outlet 4, also Wrap device 14, cylinder 15, drive unit, heating plant 16 and scraper plate 18, described stock oil entrance 3 is positioned at cylinder 15 upper ends, dehydrated oil outlet 4 is positioned at the Wrap device bottom, described cylinder 15 is preferably metallic cylinder, thereby guarantee preferably heat conductivility, whole cylinder 15 is a relatively cylindrical body of sealing, cylinder 15 is 2, and level is set up in parallel in Wrap device 16 inside, described heating plant 16 is positioned at cylinder 15 inside, heating plant 16 is preferably superheated vapour pipeline 17, superheated vapour enters from the superheated vapour entrance 4 of superheated vapour pipeline 17, discharge from superheated vapour outlet 5, thereby for heating drum 15 provides heat energy, referring to Fig. 5, with thermal radiation mode transferring heat energy, described drive unit is motor, drive unit links to each other with cylinder 15, be used for head roll 15 rotations, two cylinders 15 are according to opposite direction rotation, and scraper plate 18 is arranged at cylinder 15 lower ends as collection device, be used for by the mode collection cylinder outer wall that strikes off sloughed moisture coal tar, Wrap device 14 upper ends also are provided with vaporize water vapour outlet 7.

During use, moisture stock oil enters from stock oil entrance 3, can a spraying plant can also be set at described stock oil entrance 3, be used for coal tar is sprayed on cylinder 15 surfaces, thereby form very thin oil film 19, perhaps allow stock oil slowly flow on the cylinder 15 from stock oil entrance 3, also can form thinner oil film 19, cylinder 15 rotates under the effect of drive unit, and inner by heating plant 16 heat supplies, moisture in the stock oil can evaporate at cylinder surface at an easy rate, the vaporize water steam is discharged from vaporize water vapour outlet 7, owing to contain sulphur in the vaporize water steam, the objectionable impuritiess such as phenols, the environmental protection treatment of the vaporize water steam being collected and carrying out the water coolant absorption.The coal tar of evaporating off water flows to cylinder 15 lower ends, be scraped by scraper plate 18, coal tar through dehydration after striking off drops to Wrap device 14 bottoms under action of gravity, flow out by the dehydrated oil outlet 8 that is arranged on Wrap device 14 bottoms, thereby finish the coal tar dehydration procedure, use heavy oil or the coal tar of the dehydration of this device, water ratio is below 1%.

The present invention adopts the cylinder 15 inner heating that horizontally rotate, and can control by the rotating speed of index drum 15 time of the dehydration of coal tar.Because the dewatering time of coal tar is controlled, so that can enhance productivity by the method that improves hot strength, solve effectively that coal tar only depends on gravity to obtain the problem of velocity of flow in the distillation method.

Simultaneously, the thermal source that the heating plant that the present invention adopts provides is positioned at cylinder 15 inside of relative sealing, heat energy is only by relatively-stationary heat exchange medium--and transfer of air is to cylinder 15, pass to coal tar by cylinder again, heating medium air and unlike distillation method or diamond heating method, after its temperature reduces after the heat transmission, discharge, cause waste heat energy, the present invention be again with the air heating of the void area of cylinder 15 inside except heating plant to the required temperature of coal tar water content in oil of hauling out, significantly improved the utilising efficiency of heat energy, thermal source of the present invention is also with infrared rays, thermal-radiating mode has been transmitted heat energy, and this has also significantly improved the thermo-efficiency in the heat exchanging process.

In addition, the present invention makes heavy oil or coal tar at cylinder 15 outer formation book membrane stages, can control according to need of production the thickness of film forming, thereby available artificial method is controlled heat energy in the heat transfer process of coal tar system.

The present invention is owing to form thickness very little oil film in the mode of soaking, drenching or spraying in the outside of the metallic cylinder of horizontal positioned and rotation with coal tar, metallic cylinder inside provides heat energy, because oil film thickness is very little, heat transfer process just can make the coal tar on the cylinder all reach the processing condition that can make the water particle vaporization within the very short time, rotating speed by the rotation of control metallic cylinder is cooperated simultaneously, make the coal tar of the cylinder of flowing through finish rapidly dehydration, add because of the coal tar oil reservoir thin, resistance journey to vaporize water is short, and the dehydration of coal tar is efficiently finished.

The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limiting the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, is equal to and replaces and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. a heavy oil and coal tar dehydrator, comprise the outlet of stock oil entrance and dehydrated oil, it is characterized in that: also comprise Wrap device, cylinder, drive unit, heating plant and collection device, described cylinder is at least one and be horizontally placed on Wrap device inside, described heating plant is positioned at cylinder inside, described drive unit links to each other with cylinder, described collection device is arranged on the cylinder, also be provided with the vaporize water vapour outlet in described Wrap device upper end, described stock oil entrance is positioned at the cylinder upper end, and the dehydrated oil outlet is positioned at the Wrap device bottom.

2. heavy oil according to claim 1 and coal tar dehydrator is characterized in that: also be provided with spraying plant in described stock oil ingress.

3. heavy oil according to claim 1 and coal tar dehydrator is characterized in that: sealing bottom surface about the described cylinder.

4. heavy oil according to claim 1 and coal tar dehydrator, it is characterized in that: described cylinder is two.

5. heavy oil according to claim 1 and coal tar dehydrator, it is characterized in that: described collection device is scraper plate.

6. heavy oil according to claim 1 and coal tar dehydrator is characterized in that: described collection device is positioned at the below, square section of cylinder.

7. heavy oil according to claim 1 and coal tar dehydrator, it is characterized in that: described heating plant is electrical heating element, superheat steam pipeline or high temperature air pipeline.

8. heavy oil according to claim 1 and coal tar dehydrator, it is characterized in that: described cylinder is metallic cylinder.