CN101926107A - 混合无线/有线转发器及使用该转发器的混合光纤无线电通信系统 - Google Patents
混合无线/有线转发器及使用该转发器的混合光纤无线电通信系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了光纤无线电(RoF)混合有线/无线转发器,其配置成在混合前端和一个或多个客户机设备之间提供无线和有线通信。混合转发器包括光电(O/E)和电光(E/O)转换能力并配置成对电“有线”信号和电“无线”信号进行频率复用/解复用。电无线信号经蜂窝覆盖区内的多输入/多输出天线系统无线传给客户机设备。电有线信号经插入转发器上的有线线路光缆端口的有线线路光缆传给客户机设备。混合RoF系统包括能够发送和接收有线和无线光信号的混合前端,及包括光连接到混合前端和至少一混合转发器的光缆。还公开了在客户机设备和转发器之间容易提供有线和无线连通性的下拉式转发器结构。
Description
发明背景
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及无线和有线通信系统,尤其涉及采用有线和/或无线技术的光纤无线电(RoF)通信系统。
背景技术
无线通信快速增长,对高速移动数据通信的需求也日益增加。作为例子,所谓的“无线保真度”或“WiFi”系统和无线局域网(WLAN)均部署在许多不同类型的区域(咖啡店、机场、图书馆等)。无线通信系统与称为“客户机”的无线设备通信,所述客户机必须位于无线范围或“小区覆盖区域”内以与接入点设备通信。
部署无线通信系统的一种方法包括使用“小区”,其是射频(RF)覆盖区域。小区可具有相对大的半径(如1000m)或可具有在从约几米到约20m的范围中的相对小的半径(“微微蜂窝小区”)。由于微微蜂窝小区覆盖小的区域,通常每个微微蜂窝小区只有几个用户(客户机)。当由传统基站产生的较大小区覆盖时,微微蜂窝小区使能在小的区域进行选择性无线覆盖,要不然这些小的区域将具有较差的信号强度。
构成RoF无线微微蜂窝系统的基本组成为前端控制器(“前端”)、一根或多根光缆及一个或多个转发器。光缆一端连接到前端控制器。转发器沿光缆的长度方向光连接到光缆。光缆具有在转发器和前端之间传送RoF光信号的下行链路和上行链路光纤。转发器将RoF光信号转换为电信号,反之亦然,以创建一个或多个相应的小区。转发器包括向相应小区内的客户机设备发送RF自由空间电磁(EM)信号及从其接收该种信号的一个或多个天线。组合多个转发器可创建覆盖称为“蜂窝覆盖区”的区域的小区阵列。密集的微微蜂窝小区阵列形成提供高的每用户数据吞吐量的微微蜂窝覆盖区。
在RoF无线蜂窝和微微蜂窝系统坚固的同时,能够向终端用户提供最新无线和有线服务是合乎需要的,例如,在目前的技术术语中,具有802.11a/b/g/n连同千兆有线线路以太网的无线RoF基础设施及具有IEEE 802.3/u./z的有线基础设施(其中IEEE 802.3为10Mbps,IEEE 802.3u为100Mbps和IEEE 802.3z为1Gbps)。实现此的传统方式是通过两个分开的无线和有线网络基础设施,但这成本高且部署和维护复杂。
需要使无线和有线服务均能提供给终端用户的方法,该方法没有部署两个分开的通信系统那样的复杂性和成本。
发明内容
本发明的一方面是用于将无线和有线信号从混合前端分发到至少一客户机设备的混合转发器。混合转发器包括适于将来自前端单元的无线和有线光信号转换为对应的有线和无线电信号的混合转换器,反之亦然。混合转发器还包括电连接到转换器并适于对有线和无线电信号进行复用和解复用的频率复用器/解复用器(M/D)。天线系统经信号导控元件电连接到频率M/D,信号导控元件配置成使天线系统能发射和接收来自至少一客户机设备的无线信号。有线线路光缆端口如标准以太网端口电连接到频率M/D并适于连接到有线线路光缆(如以太网光缆)以在其与至少一客户机设备之间传送有线电信号。本发明的进一步的实施例包括在其与至少一客户机设备之间传送光信号的有线线路光缆和光缆端口。因此,混合转发器使能在一个或多个客户机设备和混合前端之间既进行有线通信又进行无线通信。在实施例中,一个客户机设备经混合转发器进行无线通信,同时另一客户机设备经该混合转发器进行有线通信。在另一实施例中,同一客户机设备经混合转发器既有线通信又无线通信。
本发明的另一方面是提供自混合前端到至少一客户机设备的有线和无线连通性的方法。该方法包括部署至少一混合转发器,该混合转发器光连接到前端单元并适于将来自混合前端的光有线和无线信号转换为对应的电有线和无线信号。本发明方法还包括,在至少一混合转发器中,将电无线信号导控到多输入/多输出(MIMO)天线系统以与至少一客户机设备无线通信。本发明方法还包括经用于将转发器连接到至少一客户机设备的有线线路光缆将电有线信号导控到有线线路光缆端口及客户机设备。
本发明的另一方面为能够提供到至少一客户机设备的无线和有线连通性的混合RoF通信系统。该系统包括适于基于光缆发送和接收有线和无线光信号的混合前端。至少一混合转发器光连接到光缆并配置成将有线和无线光信号转换为对应的有线和无线电信号,反之亦然。混合转发器配置成经天线系统将无线电信号无线发送到至少一客户机设备及经用于将混合转发器连接到至少一客户机设备的有线线路光缆将有线信号有线发送到至少一客户机设备。在实施例中,本发明系统提供到一客户机设备的有线连接及到另一客户机设备的无线连接,两个客户机设备均位于本发明系统的小区内。
本发明的另外的特征和优点将在下面的详细描述中提出,且本领域技术人员从该描述可明显看出或通过按在此所述的(包括下面的详细描述、权利要求及附图)实施本发明而意识到。
应当理解,前面的概括描述和下面的详细描述均呈现本发明的实施方式,且意于提供用于理解本发明的实质和特征的概览或框架。包括附图以提供对本发明的进一步理解,且其构成本说明书的一部分。附图示出了本发明的多个实施例,连同在此进行的描述一起用于阐释本发明的原理和运行。
因此,为易于说明和图示,多个基本电子电路元件和信号调节部件如偏置T形器、RF滤波器、放大器、功率分配器等均未在图中示出。这些基本电子电路元件及部件应用于本发明的设备和系统对本领域技术人员显而易见。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明的混合RoF无线/有线通信系统(“混合RoF系统”)的一般实施例的示意图,示出了经光缆而光连接到至少一混合转发器的混合前端,及示出了由混合转发器之一形成的小区(微微蜂窝小区)及微微蜂窝小区内的两个客户机设备。
图2为图1的混合RoF系统的混合前端的实施例的详细示意图。
图3和图4与图2一样,分别示出了多个下行链路和上行链路无线和有线信号。
图5为图1的系统的混合转发器的实施例的详细示意图,示出了发送到混合前端及从混合前端接收的多个光和电下行链路无线和有线信号,还示出了提供到客户机设备的有线通信的有线线路光缆。
图6为混合转发器与具有下行链路和上行链路光纤的光缆组合的示意图,其中示出了转发器中的以太网型有线线路光缆端口。
图7为图5的示意图,但示出了多个上行链路光和电无线和有线信号。
图8为本发明的混合RoF系统的转发器端的示意图,示出了两个转发器和三个客户机设备,包括与一个或两个混合转发器无线通信的多输入/多输出(MIMO)客户机设备及与相应混合转发器有线通信的两个其它客户机设备。
图9为MIMO混合转发器的实施例的详细示意图。
图10为本发明的混合RoF系统的转发器端的示意图,其包括图9的MIMO混合转发器,示出了该混合转发器提供与客户机设备之一的MIMO无线通信及与另两个客户机设备的有线通信。
图11为本发明的混合RoF系统的转发器端的示意图,示出了部分上行数据流混合转发器连接到远处的功率/数据扩展器单元的实施例。
图12A为本发明的混合RoF系统的转发器端的示意图,示出了下拉式结构的实施例,其中混合转发器从安装在天花板上方的光缆从天花板下拉到室内。
图12B与图12A类似,示出了一客户机设备通过混合转发器无线通信而另一客户机设备通过混合转发器有线通信的实施例。
图13为与图12类似的示意图,示出了下拉式结构的实施例,其中混合转发器保持在天花板上方,及其中有线线路光缆可插入转发器的有线线路光缆端口及还插入客户机设备以在前端和客户机设备之间建立有线和/或无线通信。
图14A与图13类似,但示出了两个客户机设备,并示出了有线线路光缆直接连接到转发器而不是连接到混合转发器中的有线线路光缆端口的实施例。
图14B与图14A类似,示出了第一有线线路光缆将转发器连接到壁装插口及第二有线线路光缆将客户机设备连接到壁装插口的实施例。
图15为混合转发器和有线线路光缆的特写图,示出了有线线路光缆在放大器/滤波器电子单元(“A/F电子电路”)直接连接到转发器。
具体实施方式
下面详细提及本发明目前优选的实施方式,其例子在附图中图示。只要可能,相同或类似附图标记在所有附图中均用于指相同或相似部分。
本发明致力于既提供无线又提供有线网络连通性的混合无线/有线RoF通信系统(在下文中称为“混合RoF系统”)。该系统设计成提供具有MIMO能力的无线连接如IEEE 802.11n,连同提供高数据速率有线连接如有线线路以太网或有线线路光缆。本发明的混合RoF系统的例子用多模光纤将无线和有线网络基础设施结合为单一混合RoF系统(如网络),多模光纤传送IEEE802.11a/b/g/n、超宽带(UWB)信号和基带千兆有线线路以太网信号(如IEEE802.3z@1Gbps)。
在下面的描述中,“无线”信号与提供无线通信相关联,及“有线”信号与提供基带有线通信相关联。“无线”和“有线”信号均可以是电或光信号,同时无线信号可另外为通常与“无线”(即非有线)通信相关联的类型的自由空间电磁信号。
同样,在下面的描述中,首字母缩写词LAN代表“局域网”,及首字母缩写词WLAN代表“无线局域网”。
通用基于光纤的无线系统
图1为根据本发明的混合RoF系统10的通用实施例的示意图。混合RoF系统10包括混合前端20、配置成处理无线和有线信号的至少一混合转发器单元(“转发器”)30、及将混合前端光连接到至少一混合转发器的光缆36。混合前端20经通信链路21连接到外部源22,如光通信网络或其它网络体系结构主干网、因特网等。
如图1中的特写图所示,在实施例中,光缆36包括一根或多根光纤,及在特定实施例中包括下行链路光纤36D和上行链路光纤36U。在实施例中,本发明采用多模光纤用于下行链路和上行链路光纤36D和36U。在更具体的实施例中,OM350μm多模光纤用于下行链路和上行链路光纤36D和36U。在另一实施例中,下行链路光纤36D和/或上行链路光纤36U可包括一根或多根单独光纤。在图1中,作为例子及为了易于图示,下行链路和上行链路光纤36D和36U被示为单独光纤。
在实施例中,36D和/或36U中的光纤之一用于无线信号,而36D和/或36U中的另一光纤用于有线信号。同样,在另一实施例中,光纤之一用于一种类型的信号,而另一光纤传送两种信号类型。为了图示和易于描述,假定36D中的下行链路光纤将下行链路光无线和有线信号从混合前端20传到混合转发器30,而36U中的上行链路光纤将上行链路光无线和有线信号从混合转发器传到混合前端。
混合RoF系统10在每一混合转发器30处形成实质上以对应的混合转发器为中心的小区40。在实施例中,小区40可相当大(如1000m半径)或可以是从跨约1m到跨约20m范围的微微蜂窝小区。与至少一混合转发器相关联的一个或多个小区40形成蜂窝覆盖区44。在下面的其余描述中,为了说明,小区40假定为“微微蜂窝小区”,及覆盖区44假定为“微微蜂窝覆盖区”。
混合转发器30还适于经有线线路光缆50如以太网基于导线的线缆或光缆提供有线通信。混合前端20适于执行或促进多种RoF应用中的任一应用,例如射频识别(RFID)、无线局域网(WLAN)通信(以太网信号)和/或移动电话服务。
继续参考图1,在微微蜂窝小区40内示出了两个客户机设备45(45A和45B),作为例子示为计算机的形式。客户机设备45A的实施例包括适于接收和/或发送自由空间电磁信号的两个天线46A和46B(如多天线无线卡),而客户机设备45B经有线线路光缆50有线连接到转发器。因此,客户机设备45A适合经混合转发器30与混合前端20进行多输入/多输出(MIMO)通信。
在实施例中,混合RoF系统10还包括产生电功率信号71的电源70。在实施例中,电源70位于前端单元20处并经电功率线72电连接到前端单元20,及向其中的功耗元件供电。在实施例中,电功率线74通过混合前端20延伸到至少一混合转发器30,不仅对混合前端中的功耗元件供电,而且对至少一混合转发器中的功耗元件如O/E和E/O转换器供电,如下所述。在实施例中,电功率线74包括两根导线74A和74B,其传送单一电压并电连接到转发器30处的DC功率转换器180(DC功率转换器180在下面结合图5详细描述)。
在实施例中,电源70提供在一个或多个混合转发器本地并经电功率线72而不是经光缆36向一个或多个本地混合转发器直接提供电功率。在实施例中,电功率线74(或其支路)包括在有线线路光缆50中,从而使混合RoF系统10能经混合转发器30实现以太网供电。
在实施例中,混合RoF系统10采用已知的远程通信波长,如850nm、1300nm或1550nm。在另一实施例中,混合RoF系统10采用其它不太常用但适当的波长如980nm。
混合前端
图2为图1的混合前端20的实施例的详细示意图。混合前端20包括具有第一和第二输入/输出(I/O)侧102和104的交换机100。I/O侧102在I/O端口103连接到通信链路21。在实施例中,通信链路21为或包括高速(如10Gbps)以太网链路。I/O侧104包括多个I/O端口106。在实施例中,I/O端口106为较低速度的端口(如10个1Gbps端口以处理来自通信链路21承载的不同导线的10Gbps以太网信号)。为说明目的,示出了两个I/O端口106A和106B。
I/O端口106A电连接到无线信号转换器120,而I/O端口106B电连接到有线信号转换器130。在实施例中,无线信号转换器120包括放大器/滤波器电子电路单元(“A/F电子电路”)122,其对无线信号进行放大和滤波,如下所述。混合前端单元20还包括频率复用器/解复用器(M/D)138,在实施例中其包括合频器140和分频器150。频率M/D138电连接到A/F电子电路122和转换器130。
混合前端20还包括电连接到频率M/D138的合频器140的电光(E/O)转换器160。E/O转换器160适于从合频器140接收电信号并将其转换为相应的光信号,如下详细所述。在实施例中,E/O转换器160包括适于对RoF应用传送足够的动态范围的激光器,及可选地包括电连接到激光器的激光器驱动器/放大器(未示出)。用于E/O转换器160的适当激光器的例子包括激光二极管、分布式反馈(DFB)激光器、Fabry-Perot(FP)激光器、及垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSEL),如指定用于10Gbps数据传输的850nm商用VCSEL。E/O转换器160光连接到光缆36及其中包含的下行链路光纤36D。
混合前端20还包括电连接到频率M/D138的分频器150、光缆36及其中包含的上行链路光纤36U的光电(O/E)转换器162。O/E转换器162适于接收光信号并将其转换为相应的电信号。在实施例中,O/E转换器162为或包括光检测器或电连接到线性放大器的光检测器。E/O转换器160和O/E转换器162构成转换器对单元(“转换器单元”)166,其将电信号转换为光信号,反之亦然。
现在参考图3,在混合前端20的运行实施例中,通信链路21携载包括下行链路和上行链路数字信号SD21和SU21的信号S21。例如,下行链路数字信号SD21源自外部源22。数字信号S21可包括多种不同的信号类型,如数据、话音、视频等。某些类型的这些信号,如高带宽视频信号,具有相对高的数据速率,因而最好经有线连接传给终端用户。另一方面,这些信号中的某些信号具有相对低的数据速率,如低带宽话音信号,因而可经无线信号传给终端用户。
下行链路信号SD21进入混合前端20并遭遇交换机100。交换机100适于将最适合无线传输的某些信号SD21导控到无线信号转换器120及将适合有线传输的其它信号SD21导控到有线信号转换器130。无线信号转换器120接收导向其的信号SD21并将它们转换为下行链路“无线信号”S1D。具体地,无线信号转换器120将信号SD21相位调制和/或振幅调制到RF载波信号如2.4GHz或5GHz RF载波信号上,从而导致下行链路无线信号S1D。无线信号转换器120还使用A/F电子电路122对无线信号S1D进行放大和滤波。在实施例中,无线信号转换器120配置成适应无线通信的传输协议(如以太网无线协议802.3到无线LAN协议802.11)。
其间,有线信号转换器130接收导向其的信号SD21并处理(如滤波)这些信号以使它们相容于基于混合系统的传输。例如,下行链路信号SD21为双绞线传送的以太网数据信号,有线信号转换器130协调信号SD21以使它们与对应的单端信号版本兼容,同时拒绝任何可能存在的以太网供电DC信号。这导致下行链路有线信号S2D。
通常,无线信号S1D具有比有线信号S2D高的频率,使得这两个信号类型可进行频率复用和解复用。因此,无线信号S1D和有线信号S2D传到频率M/D138及其中的合频器140,其将不同频率的信号S1D和S2D组合(复用)到连接到转换器对单元166中的E/O转换器160的公共电线。之后,E/O转换器160将下行链路电无线信号S1D转换为对应的光信号S1D’及将下行链路电有线信号S2D转换为对应的光信号S2D’。在实施例中,E/O转换器160配置成将无线和有线光信号调制到单一光载体上。无线和有线光信号S1D’和S2D’由下行链路光纤36D携载并传到混合转发器30。
现在参考图4,混合前端20还从转发器30接收上行链路光无线信号S1U’和上行链路光有线信号S2U’,如下所述。这些信号自混合转发器30在上行链路光纤36U上传送并由转换器单元166中的O/E转换器162接收,其将这些信号转换为对应的上行链路电无线和有线信号S1U和S2U。频率M/D138中的分频器150分拆(即解复用)这些信号以沿两个不同的电通路而行,其中无线信号S1U传到无线信号转换器120,而有线信号S2U传到有线信号转换器130。之后,无线信号转换器120对其接收的无线信号S1U起作用并从RF载波提取信号SU21。同样,有线信号转换器130处理其接收的有线信号S2U以形成信号SU21。例如,有线信号S2U由有线信号转换器130转换为双绞线接收以太网数据信号。
之后,来自转换器120和130的信号SU21传给交换机100,其将这些信号引导到通信链路21上。在实施例中,不是所有信号SU21均传给通信链路21。例如,中继器蜂窝信号不需要经过交换机100,而是传到分开的处理单元(未示出)。
混合转发器
图5为根据本发明的混合转发器30的实施例的示意图。图6为混合转发器30与光缆36组合的示意图。
本发明的混合转发器30不同于与无线通信系统相关联的典型接入点设备,因为转发器的优选实施例仅有几个信号调节元件及对所传送/接收的有线和无线信号没有数字信息处理能力。这使混合转发器30非常简洁且实质上免维护。此外,混合转发器30的优选实施例耗用非常小的功率、对信号透明、及不需要本地电源。混合转发器30还配置成提供到特定混合转发器的微微蜂窝小区40内或该微微蜂窝小区外面的客户机设备45的有线连接。
混合转发器30包括转换器单元166,其中O/E转换器162光连接到下行链路光纤36D,而E/O转换器160光连接到上行链路光纤36U。O/E转换器162电连接到频率M/D138及具体连接到其中的分频器150。E/O转换器160也电连接到频率M/D138及具体连接到其中的合频器140。分频器150和合频器140均电连接到A/F电子电路122。频率M/D138的分频器150还电连接到三端口信号导控元件200的端口P1,三端口信号导控元件200具有另外的端口P2和P3。在实施例中,信号导控元件200为循环器。
天线系统210电连接到信号导控元件200的输入/输出端口P2,而频率M/D138的合频器140电连接到输出端口P3。在实施例中,天线系统210包括一个或多个贴片天线,如2006年8月16日申请的、已转让给本申请的申请人的美国专利申请11/504,999中所公开的天线。同样,在实施例中,天线系统210针对与微微蜂窝小区40内(或者更具体地,由一个或多个转发器形成的微微蜂窝小区覆盖区44内)的一个或多个客户机设备MIMO通信进行配置。天线系统210在下面详细描述。
A/F电子电路122电连接到有线线路光缆端口220,在实施例中,其为或包括以太网光缆端口。光缆端口220适于接收有线线路光缆50的光缆连接器230,如以太网光缆连接器(插头)和以太网光缆,其通向有线客户机45(见图1)。在实施例中,光缆端口220为千兆以太网有线线路端口,及有线线路光缆50为以太网光缆。在实施例中,电功率线74可在光缆端口220处接近,及有线线路光缆50包括一段电功率线74以在有线线路光缆端口处经转发器30实现以太网供电。
在实施例中,前述DC功率转换器180电连接到转换器单元166并将电功率线71的电压或电平改变为转发器30中的功耗部件所需要的功率水平。在实施例中,DC功率转换器180为DC/DC功率转换器或AC/DC功率转换器,取决于电功率线74携载的功率信号71的类型。在实施例中,电功率线74包括标准电功率传送电导线,如标准远程通信和其它应用中使用的18-26AWG(美国导线规范)。
再次参考图1,在另一实施例中,电功率线72(虚线)从本地电源70通到混合转发器30(如通过一段光通信链路36或直接通到混合转发器),而不是从或通过前端20经光缆36,如电功率线74。在另一实施例中,电功率线72或74包括两根以上导线并携载多个电压。
混合转发器操作
混合转发器30配置成提供到至少一客户机设备45的无线和有线连接。因此,参考图5,在混合转发器30的操作中,下行链路光无线和有线信号S1D’和S2D’在下行链路光纤36D上从前端单元20传到混合转发器的转换器单元166中的O/E转换器162。O/E转换器162将光信号S1D’和S2D’转换回其电副本S1D和S2D。电信号S1D和S2D传给频率M/D138及其中的分频器150,其解复用这些信号,无线信号S1D发送给信号导控元件200,有线信号S2D发送给A/F电子电路122然后发送给有线线路光缆端口220。
信号导控元件200将信号S1D导向天线系统210,使其传送对应的下行链路自由空间电磁无线信号S1D”。由于客户机设备45A在微微蜂窝小区40内,信号S1D”由客户机设备天线46A或46B(假定天线46A)接收,这些天线可以是无线卡的一部分或移动电话天线。天线46A将电磁信号S1D”转换为其在客户机设备中的对应电信号S1D(其中未示出信号S1D)。之后,客户机设备45A处理电信号S1D,如将信号信息保存在存储器中、将信息显示为电子邮件或文本消息等。其间,有线信号S2D在有线线路光缆50上传给客户机设备45B(见图1)并在其中进行处理。
现在参考图7,在实施例中,客户机设备45A(图1)产生上行链路电无线信号S1U(未在客户机设备中示出),其由天线46A转换为对应的自由空间电磁信号S1U”。由于客户机设备45A位于微微蜂窝小区40内,电磁信号S1U”由转发器天线系统210导控,其将该信号转换回电信号S1U。其间,客户机设备45B经有线线路光缆50将有线上行链路信号S2U传给混合转发器30。
之后,信号S1U由信号导控元件200导控离开端口P3而传到频率M/D138及其中的合频器140。其间,信号S2U由A/F电子电路122放大和滤波并提供给频率M/D138及其中的合频器140。合频器140组合(复用)信号S1U和S2U并将它们提供给E/O转换器160。E/O转换器160将这些电信号转换为对应的光信号S1U’和S2U’。之后,这些光信号在上行链路光纤36U上传给混合前端单元20,在那里它们以上面描述的方式进行接收和处理。
MIMO操作
在优选实施例中,混合RoF系统10配置成支持MIMO操作。图8为混合RoF系统10的转发器端的示意图,示出了该系统的实施例,其中客户机设备45A包括两个天线46A和46B。该配置使能与客户机45A进行2x2MIMO无线通信同时还以下行链路和上行链路电有线信号S2D和S2U提供与客户机45B和45C的有线通信。
混合RoF系统10可设定为多种不同的MIMO配置之一,如1x2、2x1、2x3、3x2、3x3、3x4、4x3、4x4等,取决于具体的天线系统210的配置和特定客户机设备上可用的天线数量。具有多个天线和MIMO能力的客户机设备的实施例为具有多天线MIMO无线卡的膝上型电脑。
总的来说,在MIMO应用中,下行链路电无线信号S1D和对应的上行链路信号S1U为比特流的形式。对于MIMO应用,每一转发器天线系统和每一客户机天线系统用作发送和接收比特流段的发送和接收天线。作为备选,可以有单独的天线用于发送和接收。对于上行链路MIMO通信,每一转发器天线系统210接收由每一发射器天线46A和46B发送的整个上行链路电磁自由空间无线信号S1U”(即比特流段)的不同部分,使得在每一接收器天线处接收混在一起的比特流。同样,对于下行链路MIMO通信,每一天线46A和46B接收传送自每一发射器天线系统210的对应下行链路信号S1D”(即比特流段)的不同部分。因此,混合前端站20将下行链路信号S1D同时提供给不同的混合转发器30,尽管下行链路信号比特流根据MIMO信号处理在混合转发器之间分割。同样,客户机设备将上行链路信号比特流同时传送给不同的天线系统210,尽管上行链路信号比特流根据MIMO信号处理在客户机设备天线之间分割。
在实施例中,混合前端20适于执行电下行链路和上行链路信号比特流的MIMO信号处理,其通过执行将给定下行链路比特流信号适当分为用于每一转发器天线系统210的分开的下行链路比特流信号以获得MIMO增益的数学算法进行。同样,混合前端20适于适当地重新组合由每一天线系统210接收的混在一起的上行链路信号比特流。客户机设备45A还优选具有MIMO信号处理能力使得其可使用MIMO技术与天线系统210通信。
适合在本发明中使用的MIMO信号处理方法的例子例如在Arogyaswami等所写的、题为“An overview of MIMO communications a key to gigabitwireless”的文章中讨论,该文章刊登在2004年二月出版的Proceedings of theIEEE的第2期第92卷上,其通过引用组合于此。在实施例中,无线信号转换器120包括适于执行前述MIMO信号处理的MIMO芯片124。适合在前端单元20中使用以提供MIMO能力的MIMO芯片的例子为802.11n兼容的MIMO芯片,如可从加利福尼亚州Irvine的Broadcom,Inc.通过零件号BCM2055获得。
通过使用MIMO通信方法,从两个或两个以上转发器天线系统210发送独立的下行链路和上行链路信号(比特流),这导致高达N倍的比特率的提高,其中N为所使用的转发器天线系统210的数量及所使用的客户机天线45的数量中较小的那一个。MIMO方法使采用单一天线的转发器的微微蜂窝无线系统能满足未来无线通信标准如IEEE无线通信标准(IEEE 802.11n)所预期的较高数据传输率要求。
图9为根据本发明的混合转发器30的实施例的示意图,其配置成提供2xNMIMO能力。转发器30包括两个天线系统210。图10为图9的混合转发器30用于执行与客户机设备45A MIMO无线通信及与相邻的客户机设备45B和45C有线通信时的示意图。MIMO无线通信包括下行链路自由空间电磁信号S1D”及其对应的上行链路自由空间电磁信号S1U”。这些信号以上面描述的方式进行处理。
在图10中,在实施例中,光缆36包括两组下行链路和上行链路光纤36D和36U以处理两个不同的无线信号(如具有不同频率的无线信号)。在备选实施例中,图9的混合转发器30和混合前端20(图3)配置成将不同频率的下行链路和上行链路无线信号频率复用到相同下行链路和上行链路光纤上。
数据和功率范围扩展
混合RoF系统10的例子通过使能连接到加电的壁装插座并对下一段传统“微微蜂窝小区”光缆将有线信号转换为无线信号而扩展传统蜂窝(如微微蜂窝)网络的最大功率和数据范围。图11为RoF网络系统10的转发器端的示意图,其中电功率在本地提供而不是经光缆36包含的电功率线74完全来自前端20(图1),及其中有线信号(如以太网有线线路信号)转换为混合前端20的无线信号上行数据流。
图11的混合RoF系统10的实施例包括功率/数据扩展器单元260,该单元包括经(多导线)本地电功率线72携载的电功率信号提供电功率的电源70。本地电功率线72将电功率携载到上部缆跨302上的混合转发器30,其最远离混合前端20,而更靠近混合前端20的下部缆跨301上的混合转发器由链路36包含的功率线路74供电。在功率扩展的实施例中,电源70经电线310和插头312由电插座308供电。
在数据扩展的实施例中,功率/数据扩展器单元260包括有线到无线转换器单元(如WLAN路由器)322,适于将下部缆跨301上携载的下行链路有线信号S2D(如以太网编码的有线线路信号)转换为上部缆跨302中的多个下行链路无线信号S1D。同样,功率/数据扩展器单元260适于将上部缆跨302上携载的上行链路无线信号S1U转换为上行链路有线信号S2U,该上行链路有线信号经下部缆跨301传回到混合前端20。
下拉式结构
本发明的混合RoF系统10的优点在于其可以与安装无线微微蜂窝系统一样的方式进行安装,转发器在房间角落处吊在桌面高度下面以易于接近有线线路以太网连接。在这样的办公室环境中,用户在办公室的任何地方均具有宽带无线连通性,及具有有线“无忧”快速有线线路以太网连通性,所有这些连通性均来自单一混合转发器。
图12A为混合RoF系统10的转发器端的示意图,其中混合转发器30经光缆36从天花板402上方下拉到房间(如办公室、图书馆空间等)400内。客户机设备45示为位于房间400中的桌子406上。该下拉式结构使能与客户机设备45无线通信及经有线线路光缆50方便地有线通信。为了图示目的,图12A中所示的MIMO天线系统210包括贴片天线。图12A的下拉式结构使系统用户能容易地将有线线路光缆50插入客户机设备45内及插入转发器30的端口220内以获得有线连接。
图12B与图12A类似,其中一客户机设备45通过混合转发器30无线通信,而另一客户机设备45经有线线路光缆50通过混合转发器有线通信。
图13为与图12类似的示意图,其中混合转发器30保持在天花板402上方,及有线线路光缆50插入有线线路光缆端口220。有线线路光缆50下拉穿过天花板402(例如穿过其中形成的孔410)使得其可插入客户机设备45。只要可接近转发器,或者如果有线线路光缆50插入混合转发器并从天花板下拉使得用户不需要必须将有线线路光缆50插入混合转发器,该结构隐藏了转发器30且方便。
图14A为与图13类似的示意图,但未提供有线线路光缆端口220。而是,有线线路光缆50直接连接到混合转发器30,如在放大器/滤波器单元122处,如图15中所示的混合转发器的局部特写图所示。图14A还示出了一客户机设备45通过混合转发器30无线通信而另一客户机设备45通过混合转发器有线通信的实施例。
图14B为与图14A类似的示意图,其中第一有线线路光缆50将转发器30连接到墙壁403中的壁装插座420,及第二有线线路光缆50将客户机设备45之一连接到该壁装插座。在实施例中,壁装插座420包括两个或两个以上插座(如RJ型插座)422使得多个客户机设备可有线连接到转发器30。
优点
混合转发器30和包括至少一混合转发器的混合RoF系统10相较单独提供无线和有线连通性的转发器和RoF天线系统具有多个优点。例如,混合RoF系统10不需要分开的有线和无线网络基础设施,而是在单一集成体系结构中提供无线和有线连通性。此外,任何新网络部署可使用一个光缆网络进行。此外,本发明系统的混合性质相对于具有分开的有线和无线基础设施部署具有更低的安装成本。同样,本发明的混合RoF系统有助于逐个用户地从有线迁移到无线连接,而不必覆盖新的成缆。
混合RoF系统10还提供改善的连接可靠性,其通过在所希望位置提供的保证有线线路连接实现。混合RoF系统10还通过使用另外的有线线路数据扩展传统蜂窝网络的最大数据范围,前述另外的有线线路数据对下一段传统RoF光缆转换为无线数据。混合RoF系统10还通过下拉式有线线路以太网光缆的本地供电而扩展传统蜂窝网络的最大功率范围。
随着技术进步,本发明的有线和无线特征可容易地升级。例如,MIMO能力可按需更新,如使用小区结合从1x2MIMO升级到2x3MIMO或4x6MIMO等,如2006年2月17日申请的美国专利申请11/357,640中描述的,该申请通过引用组合于此。
混合RoF系统10还相对容易部署到现有建筑基础设施中。例如,当光缆部署在天花板顶上而不是部署在建筑墙壁内时,本发明系统可以同样的方式进行部署。
很显然,在不背离本发明精神和范围的情况下,本领域技术人员可对本发明进行多种修改和变化。因此,如果对本发明的修改和变化在所附权利要求及其等效方案的范围内,则本发明覆盖这些修改和变化。
Claims (20)
1.用于将无线和有线信号从混合前端分发到至少一客户机设备的混合转发器,包括:
适于将来自前端单元的无线和有线光信号转换为有线和无线电信号的混合转换器,反之亦然;
电连接到所述转换器并适于对有线和无线电信号进行复用和解复用的频率复用器/解复用器;
经信号导控元件电连接到频率复用器/解复用器的天线系统,信号导控元件配置成使天线系统能发射和接收来自至少一客户机设备的无线信号;及
有线线路光缆端口,电连接到频率复用器/解复用器并适于连接到有线线路光缆以在其与至少一客户机设备之间传送信号。
2.根据权利要求1的混合转发器,还包括布置在有线线路光缆端口和频率复用器/解复用器之间的放大器/滤波器电子电路单元。
3.根据权利要求1-2任一所述的混合转发器,其中所述转发器包括连接到有线线路光缆端口的有线线路光缆。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的混合转发器,其中天线系统适于使用多输入/多输出通信与至少一客户机设备通信。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一所述的混合转发器,其中天线系统包括至少一贴片天线。
6.混合RoF通信系统,包括:
至少一根据权利要求1-5任一所述的混合转发器;
光连接到至少一混合转发器并适于传送无线和有线光信号的光缆。
7.根据权利要求6的混合RoF通信系统,其中所述光缆包括下行链路和上行链路光纤。
8.根据权利要求6-7任一所述的混合RoF通信系统,还包括光连接到所述光缆的混合前端。
9.根据权利要求6-8任一所述的混合RoF通信系统,其中天线系统适于使用多输入/多输出通信与至少一客户机设备通信。
10.根据权利要求6-9任一所述的混合RoF通信系统,其中至少一客户机设备之一经连接到有线线路光缆端口的以太网光缆有线连接到至少一混合转发器。
11.根据权利要求6-10任一所述的混合RoF通信系统,其中至少一客户机设备位于具有天花板的房间中,及其中至少一混合转发器部署在天花板下方或天花板上方。
12.根据权利要求6-11任一所述的混合RoF通信系统,其中所述光缆包括适于将电功率从前端单元传送到至少一混合转发器的电功率线。
13.根据权利要求12的混合RoF通信系统,还包括功率/数据扩展器单元,该扩展器单元连接到光缆并适于向至少一混合转发器中的一个或多个转发器提供电功率及将下行数据流光有线信号转换为上行数据流光无线信号。
14.提供自混合前端到至少一客户机设备的有线和无线连通性的方法,包括:
部署至少一混合转发器,该混合转发器光连接到前端单元并适于将来自混合前端的光有线和无线信号转换为电有线和无线信号;及
在至少一混合转发器中,
(i)将电无线信号导控到多输入/多输出天线系统以与至少一客户机设备无线通信;及
(ii)经用于将转发器连接到至少一客户机设备的有线线路光缆将电有线信号导控到有线线路光缆端口及客户机设备。
15.根据权利要求14的方法,其中有线信号包括千兆以太网信号。
16.根据权利要求14或15的方法,包括在单一光载体上发送来自混合前端的有线和无线光信号。
17.能够提供到至少一客户机设备的无线和有线连通性的混合RoF通信系统,包括:
适于基于光缆发送和接收有线和无线光信号的混合前端;
至少一混合转发器,该转发器光连接到光缆并配置成将有线和无线光信号转换为对应的有线和无线电信号,反之亦然,混合转发器还配置成经天线系统将无线电信号无线发送到至少一客户机设备及经用于将混合转发器连接到至少一客户机设备的有线线路光缆将有线信号有线发送到至少一客户机设备。
18.根据权利要求17的系统,其中所述天线系统和至少一客户机设备配置成在至少一混合转发器形成的微微蜂窝小区覆盖区内进行多输入/多输出通信。
19.根据权利要求17或18的系统,其中所述光缆包括:
下行链路光纤,用于将下行链路有线和无线光信号从混合前端传送到至少一混合转发器;及
上行链路光纤,用于将上行链路有线和无线光信号从至少一混合转发器传送到混合前端。
20.根据权利要求17-19任一所述的系统,其中所述光缆包括将电功率从电源传到至少一混合转发器中的一个或多个转发器的电功率线,其中所述电源经前端站电连接到电功率线或直接连接到光纤通信链路。
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US20090097855A1 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
AU2008311334B2 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
WO2009048506A1 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
JP2011503930A (ja) | 2011-01-27 |
EP2203994A1 (en) | 2010-07-07 |
US20120195329A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 |
US8718478B2 (en) | 2014-05-06 |
US8175459B2 (en) | 2012-05-08 |
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