CN101935219B - Efficient silicon carbide corundum rare earth ceramic composite grinding wheel and manufacture method thereof - Google Patents
Efficient silicon carbide corundum rare earth ceramic composite grinding wheel and manufacture method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101935219B CN101935219B CN2010102982196A CN201010298219A CN101935219B CN 101935219 B CN101935219 B CN 101935219B CN 2010102982196 A CN2010102982196 A CN 2010102982196A CN 201010298219 A CN201010298219 A CN 201010298219A CN 101935219 B CN101935219 B CN 101935219B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an efficient silicon carbide corundum rare earth ceramic composite grinding wheel which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30-75wt percent of silicon carbide abrasive, 25-70wt percent of corundum abrasive, 12-22wt percent of rare earth ceramic and 3.5-8wt percent of normal-temperature binding agent. The composite grinding wheel is manufactured by the steps of calcining, ball-milling, blending, moulding, drying, sintering, and the like. The grinding wheel of the invention has the advantages of high grinding force for grinding a difficult grinding material, sharp grains, high self sharpening, shedding in time of blunt grinding grains and no burning on workpieces. Compared with the traditional single grinding material common ceramic binding agent grinding wheel, the efficient silicon carbide corundum rare earth ceramic composite grinding wheel obviously improves the grinding efficiency; and compared with a grinding wheel adopting an expensive superhard grinding material (artificial diamond or CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride)), the efficient silicon carbide corundum rare earth ceramic composite grinding wheel obviously reduces the grinding cost and has wider adaptation and favorable economic and social benefits.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the grinding materials and grinding tool technical field, more specifically relate to a kind of efficient silit corundum rare-earth ceramic composite wheel and method of manufacture thereof.
Background technology
Grinding materials and grinding tool have the title of industrial tooth, is the especially indispensable important part of equipment manufacture of national economy.Mill processing is important a kind of in " car, Xian, plane, the mill " machining process " Herba Chloranthi holostegii(Herba chloranthi japonici) "; Mill processing is again the highest a kind of of precision in four kinds of working methods; Current advanced manufacturing industry is increasingly high to mill processing dependency degree; Also promote the emery wheel industry fast-developing, range of product, output, quality are all constantly increasing and are improving, and market demand significantly increases.
Grinding materials and grinding tool is various in style, has by the product form branch: bonded abrasive tool (emery wheel, bistrique, grinding stone etc.), coated abrasive tool (abrasive band, emery cloth etc.), free grinding tool (abrasive sand, lapping paste etc.).Emery wheel is topmost a kind of in the grinding materials and grinding tool range of product; It is maximum a kind of that the mill processing industry is used.Emery wheel rubbing processing object, durability require, costliness property is divided into plain wheel (corundum abrasive and silicon carbide abrasive) and hard grinding wheel (man-made diamond abrasive material and CBN abrasive material); Though hard grinding wheel all exceeds plain wheel on the life-span on the performance many; But the costliness that the limitation, particularly price of mill processing object are also arranged has limited its large-scale promotion and has used.So in the long duration, plain wheel remains the first-selection of mill processing industry, its technical development and product invention innovation influence and are promoting mechanical industry technology level raising.
Ordinary wheel divided by different binders vitrified grinding wheels, resin bonded grinding wheels and rubber bonded grinding wheel, resin bonded grinding wheel is mainly used for metal cutting, grinding, snagging, etc., rubber bonded grinding wheel main preclude the use of fine-grained abrasives used for grinding polishing.And represent the peripheral milling of several kinds of forms of mechanical ground finish and state of the art, interior round mill, flat stone mill, centreless mill, instrument mill, gear mill etc. is vitrified bonded grinding wheel; It occupies most important position in mechanical grinding processing, it has characteristics such as high temperature resistant, that physical and chemical performance is stablized, have a large capacity and a wide range.But development along with new material technology and advanced manufacturing industry; Various HS, high firmness, the novel difficult grind material of H.T. constantly occur, and vitrified bonded grinding wheel is that the corundum of representative is emery wheel and is that the silit of representative is the grinding requirement that single abrasive grinding wheel can not adapt to type material with green silicon carbide (GC), black silicon carbide (C) by traditional classification with brown corundum (A), white fused alumina (WA).Single abrasive material characteristics are also more single by the removing material chemical structure; Be suitable for grinding ordinary steels such as 45# and A3 like brown corundum; White fused alumina is suitable for grinding hardened steel and TS, and green silicon carbide is suitable for grinding wimet and glass etc., and black silicon carbide is suitable for grinding cast iron and copper-lead etc.And HS, high firmness, H.T. materials chemistry complex structure, excellent material performance, high-leveled and difficult mill property characteristics such as have that grinding efficiency is low, grinding force is big, grinding temperature is high, workpiece is easy to generate viscous deformation, burn, material variation, abrasion of grinding wheel are big, abrasive dust adheres to emery wheel, crushing is frequent.The continuous appearance and the mechanical workout of these novel difficult grind materials develop to high efficiency; The emery wheel manufacturing technology is proposed requirements at the higher level; Press for the new and effective emery wheel that adapts with it and come out, do not catch up with the predicament that material technology develops to solve present China mechanical processing technique.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of efficient silit corundum rare-earth ceramic composite wheel and method of manufacture thereof, the problem that the ground finish that the existing single abrasive material conventional ceramic binding agent sand wheel of solution can not adapt to novel difficult grind material requires.Composition of raw materials of the present invention and process method are scientific and reasonable, and the efficient silit corundum rare-earth ceramic composite wheel that obtains has that grinding difficult grind material grinding force is strong, abrasive particle is sharp, self-sharpening good, the blunt abrasive particle in time comes off, the workpiece of not burning.Compared with traditional single abrasive material vitrified bonded grinding wheel, grinding efficiency obviously improves, and compared with selecting expensive super hard abrasive (man-made diamond or CBN) emery wheel for use, remarkable reduction of grinding cost and adaptive surface are wider, have good economic benefit and social benefit.A kind of raw material of efficient silit corundum rare-earth ceramic composite wheel is made up of the mass percent of each raw material silicon carbide abrasive, corundum abrasive, rare-earth ceramic and normal temperature wedding agent: silicon carbide abrasive 30-75 wt%; Corundum abrasive 25-70wt%; Rare-earth ceramic 12-22 wt%; Normal temperature wedding agent 3.5-8wt%; Described corundum abrasive is one or more in brown corundum, white fused alumina, chromium corundum, single alundum, microcrystal fused alumina and the zircon corundum; Described rare-earth ceramic is made up of rare earth cerium oxide, clay, feldspar, talcum, boron glass, and the adding proportion of each component is: 5 ~ 7:20 ~ 35:50 ~ 60:4 ~ 6:4 ~ 15; Described normal temperature wedding agent is a kind of in dextrin, dextrin in aqueous solution or the PVAC polyvinylalcohol aqueous solution, and wherein the mass concentration of dextrin in aqueous solution is 30-40%, and the mass concentration of the PVAC polyvinylalcohol aqueous solution is 10%-20%; Described silit is green silicon carbide and black silicon carbide.
A kind of concrete steps of method of manufacture of efficient silit corundum rare-earth ceramic composite wheel are:
1) calcination: with silit, one or more in the corundum abrasive are put into incinerator by proportioning, reach 900 ℃ by heating curve after the insulation 2 hours, naturally cool to 200 ℃ and come out of the stove, sieve;
2) ball milling: by proportioning rare-earth ceramic material was put into the ball mill ball milling 8 hours, sieve with 320 eye mesh screens;
3) batch mixing: ratio and step (1) the gained material of step (2) gained material in 12-22 wt% mixed, add the normal temperature wedding agent, mixed system 25-35 minute, sieve with the 8-12 eye mesh screen;
4) moulding: step (3) is mixed the material that makes,, will expect all stricklings of stand according to inserting in the corresponding mould behind the required material metage of different emery wheel specifications; Move into oil press mould is carried out two-sided pressurization; Pressure is 20-30MPa, and dwell time 5-10 second, mould unloading takes out blank;
5) oven dry: with the blank after step (4) moulding under 80-120 ℃ of condition, dry to water cut less than 1%;
6) burn till: the blank after step (5) oven dry is packed in the calcining kiln, reach under 1350 ℃ ± 5 ℃ conditions by heating curve and burn till, obtain efficient silit corundum rare-earth ceramic composite wheel.
With silit, one or more in the corundum abrasive are put into 900 ℃ of calcining pretreatment of incinerator by proportioning in the said step (1), can be so that two kinds of different abrasive materials of the coefficient of expansion reach unanimity; The efficient silit corundum rare-earth ceramic composite wheel that said step (6) is burnt till can carry out appearance processing by dimension precision requirement, is finished product after the packing.
Advantage of the present invention is: according to the difficult mill of difficult grind material general character, acquisition silit and corundum abrasive are fitted mill property advantage, carry out the abrasive ingredients proportion design.Since the linear expansion coefficient of silicon carbide and corundum inconsistent, preclude the use of a simple mixture of abrasive tradition "Clay - feldspar - talc - borosilicate glass system, namely SiO
2 -K
2 O-MgO-B
2 O
3 system "made of vitrified grinding wheels, Crystal structure firing fragile, microcracks and more mixed abrasive advantage is offset by the binder does not match, or even poor strength can not be guaranteed safe to use.So select just basis of compound abrasive, optimize technology and find suitable wedding agent even more important.Preclude the use of the present invention mixed abrasive calcination pretreatment process, so that the linear expansion coefficient of silicon carbide and corundum converge; in the traditional "Clay - feldspar - talc - borosilicate glass system" was introduced vitrified REE "cerium oxide CeO2" ingredients to improve the traditional "Clay - feldspar - talc - borosilicate glass system" vitrified high wettability, linear expansion coefficient matching, response capabilities and other high temperature chemical activity; make abrasive and binder is just right to participate in grinding greatly increased the number of abrasive, grinding wheel grinding force and self-sharpening in the best condition, give full play to mixed abrasive properties.Solved mill processing difficult problems such as existing single abrasive material conventional ceramic binding agent sand wheel grinding difficult grind material grinding efficiency is low, surface quality difference, ground the processing industry favorable comment deeply, market outlook are wide.
Embodiment
A kind of raw material of efficient silit corundum rare-earth ceramic composite wheel is made up of the mass percent of each raw material silit, corundum abrasive, rare-earth ceramic and normal temperature wedding agent: silicon carbide abrasive 30-75 wt%; Corundum abrasive 25-70wt%; Rare-earth ceramic 12-22 wt%; Normal temperature wedding agent 3.5-8wt%; Described corundum abrasive is one or more in brown corundum, white fused alumina, chromium corundum, single alundum, microcrystal fused alumina and the zircon corundum; Described rare-earth ceramic is made up of rare earth cerium oxide, clay, feldspar, talcum, boron glass, and the adding proportion of each component is: 5 ~ 7:20 ~ 35:50 ~ 60:4 ~ 6:4 ~ 15; Described normal temperature wedding agent is a kind of in dextrin, dextrin in aqueous solution or the PVAC polyvinylalcohol aqueous solution, and wherein the mass concentration of dextrin in aqueous solution is 30-40%, and the mass concentration of the PVAC polyvinylalcohol aqueous solution is 10%-20%; Described silit is green silicon carbide and black silicon carbide.
A kind of concrete steps of method of manufacture of efficient silit corundum rare-earth ceramic composite wheel are:
1) calcination: with silit, one or more in the corundum abrasive are put into incinerator by proportioning, reach 900 ℃ by heating curve after the insulation 2 hours, naturally cool to 200 ℃ and come out of the stove, sieve;
2) ball milling: by proportioning rare-earth ceramic material was put into the ball mill ball milling 8 hours, sieve with 320 eye mesh screens;
3) batch mixing: ratio and step (1) the gained material of step (2) gained material in 12-22 wt% mixed, add the normal temperature wedding agent, mixed system 25-35 minute, sieve with the 8-12 eye mesh screen;
4) moulding: step (3) is mixed the material that makes,, will expect all stricklings of stand according to inserting in the corresponding mould behind the required material metage of different emery wheel specifications; Move into oil press mould is carried out two-sided pressurization; Pressure is 20-30MPa, and dwell time 5-10 second, mould unloading takes out blank;
5) oven dry: with the blank after step (4) moulding under 80-120 ℃ of condition, dry to water cut less than 1%;
6) burn till: the blank after step (5) oven dry is packed in the calcining kiln, reach under 1350 ℃ ± 5 ℃ conditions by heating curve and burn till, obtain efficient silit corundum rare-earth ceramic composite wheel.
Embodiment 1
1) calcination: the white fused alumina that takes by weighing 75% green silicon carbide and 25% mixes and puts into incinerator, reach 900 ℃ by heating curve after insulation 2 hours, naturally cool to 200 ℃ and come out of the stove, sieve with 30 eye mesh screens.
2) ball milling: rare earth cerium oxide, clay, feldspar, talcum, boron glass were pressed 5.2: 32: 55: 3.8: 4 proportional mixing, put into the ball mill ball milling together 8 hours, sieve with 320 eye mesh screens.
3) batch mixing: with step 1) and step 2) material and dextrin and 30% dextrin in aqueous solution by 78 wt%, 16.3 wt%, 1.2 wt%, 4.5 wt%, are put into mixer together and were mixed system 35 minutes, sieve with 8 eye mesh screens.
4) moulding: the compact density by emery wheel different hardness and tissue correspondence has calculated the moulding substance; Step 3) is mixed the material that makes,, will expect all stricklings of stand according to inserting in the corresponding mould behind the required material metage of different emery wheel specifications; Move into oil press mould is carried out two-sided pressurization; Pressure is 20MPa, and 10 seconds dwell times, mould unloading takes out blank.
5) oven dry: with the blank after the step 4) moulding under 80-120 ℃ of condition, dry to water cut less than 1%.
6) burn till: the blank after the step 5) oven dry is packed in the calcining kiln, reach sinter molding under 1350 ℃ ± 5 ℃ conditions, obtain said efficient silit corundum rare-earth ceramic composite wheel by heating curve.
7) detect: the efficient silit corundum rare-earth ceramic composite wheel that step 6) is burnt till is processed by dimension precision requirement, detected, be finished product after the packing by technical requirements.
The main performance index of resulting product is following:
Revolving strength>=35 meter per seconds; Statical equilibrium k-factor≤0.25; Hardness L level; Tissue numbers 7.5; Grinding Steel Bond Hard Alloy material material removal rate can reach more than 2.6 mm3/ (mm .s), than selecting for use traditional single green silicon carbide abrasive material vitrified bonded grinding wheel grinding efficiency to improve more than 30%.
Embodiment 2
1) calcination: the single alundum that takes by weighing 30% green silicon carbide and 70% mixes and puts into incinerator, reach 900 ℃ by heating curve after insulation 2 hours, naturally cool to 200 ℃ and come out of the stove, sieve with 60 eye mesh screens
2) ball milling: with rare earth cerium oxide, clay, feldspar, talcum, boron glass in 6: 22: 55: ratio was put into the ball mill ball milling 8 hours together in 5: 12, sieved with 320 eye mesh screens.
3) batch mixing: with step 1) and step 2) material and dextrin and the 10%PVA aqueous solution, ratio are put into mixer together and were mixed system 32 minutes respectively by 81.5 wt%, 13.5 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 3.5 wt%, sieve with 10 eye mesh screens.
4) pressure of moulding is 30MPa, and 10 seconds dwell times, mould unloading takes out blank.
All the other operation stepss are with embodiment 1.
The main performance index of resulting product is following:
Revolving strength>=35 meter per seconds; Statical equilibrium k-factor≤0.25; Hardness K level; Tissue numbers 7; Grinding austenitic stainless steel material material removal rate can reach more than 3.8 mm3/ (mm .s), than selecting for use traditional single single alundum abrasive material vitrified bonded grinding wheel grinding efficiency to improve more than 32%.
Embodiment 3
1) calcination: get green silicon carbide and chromium corundum and mix in 75: 25 ratios and put into incinerator, reach 900 ℃ by heating curve after insulation 2 hours, naturally cool to 200 ℃ and come out of the stove, sieve with 36 eye mesh screens.
2) ball milling: with rare earth cerium oxide, clay, feldspar, talcum, boron glass in 5.5: 31: 55: 4: 4.5 ratios, put into the ball mill ball milling together 8 hours, sieve with 320 eye mesh screens.
3) batch mixing: with step 1) and step 2) material and dextrin and 30% dextrin in aqueous solution, ratio are put into mixer together and were mixed system 35 minutes respectively by 78 wt%, 15.3 wt%, 1.7 wt%, 5 wt%, sieve with 10 eye mesh screens.
4) 4. moulding: pressure is 25MPa, and 7 seconds dwell times, mould unloading takes out blank.
All the other operation stepss are with embodiment 1
The main performance index of resulting product is following:
Revolving strength>=35 meter per seconds; Statical equilibrium k-factor≤0.25; Hardness J level; Tissue numbers 7.8; Grinding titanium alloy material material removal rate can reach more than 2.8 mm3/ (mm .s), than selecting for use traditional single green silicon carbide or white fused alumina abrasive material vitrified bonded grinding wheel grinding efficiency to improve more than 35%.
Embodiment 4
1) calcination: get black silicon carbide and zircon corundum and mix in 40: 60 ratios and put into incinerator, reach 900 ℃ by heating curve after insulation 2 hours, naturally cool to 200 ℃ and come out of the stove, sieve with 36 eye mesh screens.
2) ball milling: with rare earth cerium oxide, clay, feldspar, talcum, boron glass in 5: 35: 50: 5: 5 ratios, put into the ball mill ball milling together 8 hours, sieve with 320 eye mesh screens.
3) batch mixing: with step 1 and step 2 material and 35% dextrin in aqueous solution, 15% PVAC polyvinylalcohol water dope, ratio is respectively by 72 wt%, 20 wt%, 4wt%, and 4wt% puts into mixer together and mixed system 35 minutes, sieves with 12 eye mesh screens.
4) 4. moulding: pressure is 25MPa, and 7 seconds dwell times, mould unloading takes out blank.
All the other operation stepss are with embodiment 1
Embodiment 5
1) calcination: get black silicon carbide and brown corundum and mix in 35: 65 ratios and put into incinerator, reach 900 ℃ by heating curve after insulation 2 hours, naturally cool to 200 ℃ and come out of the stove, sieve with 36 eye mesh screens.
2) ball milling: with rare earth cerium oxide, clay, feldspar, talcum, boron glass in 7: 20: 60: 6: 7 ratios, put into the ball mill ball milling together 8 hours, sieve with 320 eye mesh screens.
3) batch mixing: with step 1 and step 2 material and 20% PVAC polyvinylalcohol water dope, ratio is put into mixer together and was mixed system 35 minutes respectively by 74.5 wt%, 22 wt%, 3.5wt%, sieves with 10 eye mesh screens.
4) moulding: pressure is 25MPa, and 7 seconds dwell times, mould unloading takes out blank.
All the other operation stepss are with embodiment 1
Embodiment 6
1) calcination: get black silicon carbide and microcrystal fused alumina and mix in 60: 40 ratios and put into incinerator, reach 900 ℃ by heating curve after insulation 2 hours, naturally cool to 200 ℃ and come out of the stove, sieve with 36 eye mesh screens.
2) ball milling: with rare earth cerium oxide, clay, feldspar, talcum, boron glass in 6: 16: 58: 5: 15 ratios, put into the ball mill ball milling together 8 hours, sieve with 320 eye mesh screens.
3) batch mixing: with step 1 and step 2 material and 40% dextrin in aqueous solution, ratio is put into mixer together and was mixed system 35 minutes respectively by 81 wt%, 12 wt%, 7wt%, sieves with 10 eye mesh screens.
4) moulding: pressure is 25MPa, and 7 seconds dwell times, mould unloading takes out blank.
All the other operation stepss are with embodiment 1
The above is merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equalizations of doing according to claim of the present invention change and modify, and all should belong to covering scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. efficient silit corundum rare-earth ceramic composite wheel, it is characterized in that: the used raw material of said efficient silit corundum rare-earth ceramic composite wheel is made up of silit, corundum abrasive, rare-earth ceramic and normal temperature wedding agent;
The used raw materials quality per-cent of described efficient silit corundum rare-earth ceramic composite wheel is: silit 30-75 wt%; Corundum abrasive 25-70wt%; Rare-earth ceramic 12-22 wt%; Normal temperature wedding agent 3.5-8wt%, said component sum is 100%; Described rare-earth ceramic is made up of rare earth cerium oxide, clay, feldspar, talcum, boron glass, and the adding proportion of each component is: 5～7:20～35:50～60:4～6:4～15.
2. efficient silit corundum rare-earth ceramic composite wheel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the order number of described silit is 16 orders-320 orders, the order number of corundum abrasive is 16 orders-320 orders.
3. efficient silit corundum rare-earth ceramic composite wheel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described corundum abrasive is one or more in brown corundum, white fused alumina, chromium corundum, single alundum, microcrystal fused alumina and the zircon corundum.
4. efficient silit corundum rare-earth ceramic composite wheel as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: described normal temperature wedding agent is a kind of in dextrin, dextrin in aqueous solution or the PVAC polyvinylalcohol aqueous solution; Wherein the mass concentration of dextrin in aqueous solution is 30-40%, and the mass concentration of the PVAC polyvinylalcohol aqueous solution is 10-20%.
5. efficient silit corundum rare-earth ceramic composite wheel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described silit is green silicon carbide and black silicon carbide.
6. the method for manufacture of an efficient silit corundum rare-earth ceramic composite wheel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the concrete steps of this method are:
(1) calcination: with silit, one or more in the corundum abrasive are put into incinerator by proportioning, reach 900 ℃ by heating curve after the insulation 2 hours, naturally cool to 200 ℃ and come out of the stove, sieve;
(2) ball milling: by proportioning rare-earth ceramic material was put into the ball mill ball milling 8 hours, sieve with 320 eye mesh screens;
(3) batch mixing: ratio and step (1) the gained material of step (2) gained material in 12-22 wt% mixed, put into mixer, add the normal temperature wedding agent, mixed system 25-35 minute, sieve with the 8-12 eye mesh screen;
(4) moulding: step (3) is mixed the material that makes,, will expect all stricklings of stand according to inserting in the corresponding mould behind the required material metage of different emery wheel specifications; Move into oil press mould is carried out two-sided pressurization; Pressure is 20-30MPa, and dwell time 5-10 second, mould unloading takes out blank;
(5) oven dry: with the blank after step (4) moulding under 80-120 ℃ of condition, dry to water cut less than 1%;
(6) burn till: the blank after step (5) oven dry is packed in the calcining kiln, reach under 1350 ℃ ± 5 ℃ conditions by heating curve and burn till, obtain efficient silit corundum rare-earth ceramic composite wheel.
7. the method for manufacture of an efficient silit corundum rare-earth ceramic composite wheel as claimed in claim 6; It is characterized in that: in the said step (1) with silit; In the corundum abrasive one or more are put into 900 ℃ of calcining pretreatment of incinerator by proportioning, can be so that two kinds of different abrasive materials of the coefficient of expansion reach unanimity.
8. the method for manufacture of an efficient silit corundum rare-earth ceramic composite wheel as claimed in claim 6; It is characterized in that: the efficient silit corundum rare-earth ceramic composite wheel that said step (6) is burnt till can carry out appearance processing by dimension precision requirement, is finished product after the packing.
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| CN2010102982196A CN101935219B (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2010-09-30 | Efficient silicon carbide corundum rare earth ceramic composite grinding wheel and manufacture method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5547479A (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 1996-08-20 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Alpha abrasive alumina-based grain having an as sintered outer surface |
| CN1613609A (en) * | 2003-11-03 | 2005-05-11 | 郑洪典 | Sintering formula and process for sand wheel |
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