CN101947691A - Self-supporting friction stir welding method with unequal diameters of upper and lower shaft shoulders and stirring head thereof - Google Patents
Self-supporting friction stir welding method with unequal diameters of upper and lower shaft shoulders and stirring head thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101947691A CN101947691A CN 201010296480 CN201010296480A CN101947691A CN 101947691 A CN101947691 A CN 101947691A CN 201010296480 CN201010296480 CN 201010296480 CN 201010296480 A CN201010296480 A CN 201010296480A CN 101947691 A CN101947691 A CN 101947691A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a self-supporting friction stir welding method with unequal diameters of upper and lower shaft shoulders and a stirring head thereof, and relates to the self-supporting friction stir welding method and the stirring head thereof. The invention aims to solve the problem that the diameters of the upper and lower shaft shoulders are equal and the problem that large heat input of welding and bearing of a stirring pin influence the joint performance and even cause the rupture of the stirring pin in the conventional elf-supporting friction stir welding method. The method comprises the steps of: 1, determining the size of the stirring head; 2, determining the using length of the stirring pin; 3, fixing a first work piece to be welded and a second work piece to be welded; 4, positioning the stirring head; and 5, performing the stir friction welding on the first work piece to be welded and the second work piece to be welded. The stirring head and the stirring pin are vertical to the lower end face of the upper shaft shoulder; the stirring pin and the upper shaft shoulder are integrated into a whole; the outer surface of the stirring pin is provided with external threads; the lower shaft shoulder is in threaded connection with the stirring pin; a nut is arranged under the lower shaft shoulder; the nut is in threaded connection with stirring pin; and the diameter of the lower shaft shoulder is less than that of the upper shaft shoulder. The elf-supporting friction stir welding method with unequal diameters of upper and lower shaft shoulders and the stirring head thereof are used for stir friction welding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and stirring-head thereof of self-sustaining friction stir welding.
Background technology
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a kind of novel solid phase interconnection technique of Britain's institute of welding (TWI) exploitation in 1991, compare with traditional welding method, it has the welding quality height, production cost is low and advantage such as non-environmental-pollution, now has been successfully applied to fields such as space flight, aircraft manufacturing and railway transportation.But conventional friction stir welding comes with some shortcomings, and is bigger as welding load, and the machine structure heaviness needs the back backing plate of given shape in the welding process, to guarantee the stable holding to workpiece.In addition, also may there be the root defect that is difficult to detect in weld seam.In order to address the above problem, the someone has developed a kind of self-sustaining friction stir welding method.Therefore in this method, stirring-head adopts upper and lower two shaft shoulders, and upper and lower shaft shoulder equal diameters, shaft shoulder self-sustaining friction stir welding method such as is called.The following shaft shoulder has played the effect of conventional friction stir welding back backing plate, but because the following shaft shoulder and workpiece lower surface produce bigger frictional force, makes mixing needle bear bigger moment of torsion, and easily cause the fracture of mixing needle.For reducing the fracture tendency of mixing needle, one will increase the diameter of mixing needle, also will suitably increase the diameter of the upper and lower shaft shoulder simultaneously, will cause sweating heat input excessive and cause the problem that joint performance reduces like this.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is that upper and lower two shaft shoulders are equal diameter in the existing self-sustaining friction stir welding method in order to solve, the big problem that the mixing needle carrying influences joint performance greatly even causes the mixing needle fracture, the self-sustaining friction stir welding method and the stirring-head thereof that provide a kind of upper and lower shaft shoulder diameter not wait of reaching of sweating heat input is provided.
Method of the present invention realizes by following steps: step 1, stirring-head size are determined: determine to go up shaft shoulder diameter, shaft shoulder diameter and mixing needle diameter down according to the thickness of first welded piece and second welded piece: go up shaft shoulder diameter and be welded piece thickness 2.5～3 times, following shaft shoulder diameter is 2～2.5 times of welded piece thickness, and the mixing needle diameter is 1.25～2 times of welded piece thickness; Step 2, determine the use length of mixing needle: by adjusting down distance between the upper surface that the shaft shoulder and nut make the lower surface of the shaft shoulder and the following shaft shoulder than the little 0～0.6mm of thickness of workpiece, this distance is the use length of mixing needle; Step 3, fix first welded piece and second welded piece: first welded piece and second welded piece are fixed on the workbench with anchor clamps; Step 4, stirring-head location: stirring-head is moved to the workpiece outside position, shaft shoulder lower surface is overlapped with the upper surface of first welded piece and second welded piece, or go up upper surface 0.01～0.3mm that shaft shoulder lower surface is lower than first welded piece and second welded piece, the axial line of mixing needle is positioned at the interface place of first welded piece and second welded piece; Step 5, first welded piece and second welded piece are carried out the agitating friction welding: the rotating speed of stirring-head is 200 rev/mins～3000 rev/mins, speed of welding is 20 mm/min～1000 mm/min, and, finish until welding along the interface length direction walking of first welded piece and second welded piece.
Stirring-head of the present invention is made up of the last shaft shoulder, mixing needle, the following shaft shoulder and nut, mixing needle is provided with perpendicular to the lower surface of the last shaft shoulder, and the mixing needle and the last shaft shoulder are made one, the outer surface of mixing needle is provided with external screw thread, the following shaft shoulder is threaded with mixing needle, nut be arranged on down the shaft shoulder below, and nut is threaded with mixing needle, the diameter of the described shaft shoulder down is less than the described diameter of going up the shaft shoulder 1.
The present invention has the following advantages: one, the diameter of the shaft shoulder can reduce the load that mixing needle bore in the welding process less than the diameter of the last shaft shoulder down, prevents its fracture; Two, the less following shaft shoulder can reduce the heat input in the welding process, thereby reduces the joint softening degree; Three,, can weld the workpiece of multiple thickness by the position of the shaft shoulder under adjusting and nut.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a stirring-head structure master cutaway view in the specific embodiment of the invention two, and Fig. 2 is step 4 stirring-head and first welded piece 5 and the relative position schematic diagram of second welded piece 6 when welding in the specific embodiment of the invention one.
The specific embodiment
The specific embodiment one: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 2, present embodiment realizes by following steps: step 1, stirring-head size are determined: determine to go up shaft shoulder diameter phi 1, shaft shoulder diameter phi 2 and mixing needle diameter phi 3 down according to the thickness of first welded piece 5 and second welded piece 6: go up shaft shoulder diameter phi 1 and be the welded piece thickness t 2.5～3 times, following shaft shoulder diameter phi 2 is 2～2.5 times of welded piece thickness t, and mixing needle diameter phi 3 is 1.25～2 times of welded piece thickness t; Selecting the size of the each several part of stirring-head according to the thickness of first welded piece 5 and second welded piece 6, is to guarantee the shaping of weld seam and the stability of joint quality.Step 2, determine the use length of mixing needle: by adjust down between the upper surface that the shaft shoulder 3 and nut 4 make the lower surface of the shaft shoulder 1 and the following shaft shoulder 3 apart from T than the little 0～0.6mm of thickness of workpiece t, this is the use length of mixing needle apart from T; Step 3, fix first welded piece 5 and second welded piece 6: first welded piece 5 and second welded piece, 6 usefulness anchor clamps are fixed on the workbench, and the upper surface of first welded piece 5 and second welded piece 6 is in same plane; Step 4, stirring-head location: stirring-head is moved to the workpiece outside position, the shaft shoulder 1 lower surface is overlapped with the upper surface of first welded piece 5 and second welded piece 6, or go up upper surface 0.01～0.3mm that the shaft shoulder 1 lower surface is lower than first welded piece 5 and second welded piece 6, the axial line of mixing needle 2 is positioned at the interface place of first welded piece 5 and second welded piece 6; The last shaft shoulder 1 lower surface is lower than first welded piece 5 and second welded piece, 6 upper surfaces, to adjust the stressing conditions of the upper and lower shaft shoulder.Step 5, first welded piece 5 and second welded piece 6 are carried out the agitating friction welding: the rotating speed of stirring-head is 200 rev/mins～3000 rev/mins, speed of welding is 20 mm/min～1000 mm/min, and, finish until welding along the interface length direction walking of first welded piece 5 and second welded piece 6.During welding, mixing needle penetrates the workpiece interface fully, has effectively avoided the formation of welding root defect.By adjusting the gap of the shaft shoulder 1 and the following shaft shoulder 3, can realize the welding of multiple thickness workpiece.
The specific embodiment two: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 2, go up shaft shoulder diameter phi 1 in the step 1 of present embodiment and be the welded piece thickness t 3 times, following shaft shoulder diameter phi 2 is 2 times of welded piece thickness t, and mixing needle diameter phi 3 is 1.5 times of welded piece thickness t.Above-mentioned stirring-head size can guarantee the stability of appearance of weld.Other step is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment three: in conjunction with Fig. 2 present embodiment is described, go up in the step 2 of present embodiment between the upper surface of the lower surface of the shaft shoulder 1 and the following shaft shoulder 3 apart from T than the little 0.3mm of thickness of workpiece t.Above-mentioned numerical value makes and stirs welding effect the best.Other step is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment four: in conjunction with Fig. 2 present embodiment is described, goes up the upper surface 0.15mm that the shaft shoulder 1 lower surface is lower than first welded piece 5 and second welded piece 6 in the step 4 of present embodiment.Above-mentioned numerical value makes and stirs welding effect the best.Other step is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment five: in conjunction with Fig. 2 present embodiment is described, the rotating speed of stirring-head is 800 rev/mins in the step 5 of present embodiment, and speed of welding is 100 mm/min.Above-mentioned welding parameter is the optimal processing parameter value of friction stir welding.Other step is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment six: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1, the stirring-head of present embodiment is made up of the last shaft shoulder 1, mixing needle 2, the following shaft shoulder 3 and nut 4, mixing needle 2 is provided with perpendicular to the lower surface of the last shaft shoulder 1, and mixing needle 2 is made one with the last shaft shoulder 1, the outer surface of mixing needle 2 is provided with external screw thread, and the following shaft shoulder 3 is threaded with mixing needle 2, nut 4 be arranged on down the shaft shoulder 3 below, and nut 4 is threaded with mixing needle 2, and the diameter of the following shaft shoulder 3 is less than the diameter of the last shaft shoulder 1.Nut 4 can prevent down that the shaft shoulder 3 is moved in welding process.The diameter of the shaft shoulder 3 reduces the load that sweating heat is imported and mixing needle bore by reducing down, and then alleviates joint softening degree and the fracture tendency that reduces mixing needle.
Claims (6)
1. self-sustaining friction stir welding method that upper and lower shaft shoulder diameter does not wait, it is characterized in that: described method realizes by following steps:
Step 1, stirring-head size are determined: determine to go up shaft shoulder diameter (φ 1), shaft shoulder diameter (φ 2) and mixing needle diameter (φ 3) down according to the thickness of first welded piece (5) and second welded piece (6): upward shaft shoulder diameter (φ 1) is 2.5～3 times of welded piece thickness (t), following shaft shoulder diameter (φ 2) is 2～2.5 times of welded piece thickness (t), and mixing needle diameter (φ 3) is 1.25～2 times of welded piece thickness (t);
Step 2, determine the use length of mixing needle: by adjusting down distance (T) between the upper surface that the shaft shoulder (3) and nut (4) make the lower surface of the shaft shoulder (1) and the following shaft shoulder (3) than the little 0～0.6mm of thickness of workpiece (t), this distance (T) is the use length of mixing needle;
Step 3, fix first welded piece (5) and second welded piece (6): first welded piece (5) and second welded piece (6) are fixed on the workbench with anchor clamps;
Step 4, stirring-head location: stirring-head is moved to the workpiece outside position, the shaft shoulder (1) lower surface is overlapped with the upper surface of first welded piece (5) and second welded piece (6), or go up upper surface 0.01～0.3mm that the shaft shoulder (1) lower surface is lower than first welded piece (5) and second welded piece (6), the axial line of mixing needle (2) is positioned at the interface place of first welded piece (5) and second welded piece (6);
Step 5, first welded piece (5) and second welded piece (6) are carried out the agitating friction welding: the rotating speed of stirring-head is 200 rev/mins～3000 rev/mins, speed of welding is 20 mm/min～1000 mm/min, and, finish until welding along the interface length direction walking of first welded piece (5) with second welded piece (6).
2. the self-sustaining friction stir welding method that does not wait according to the described upper and lower shaft shoulder diameter of claim 1, it is characterized in that: go up shaft shoulder diameter (φ 1) 3 times in the step 1 for welded piece thickness (t), following shaft shoulder diameter (φ 2) is 2 times of welded piece thickness (t), and mixing needle diameter (φ 3) is 1.5 times of welded piece thickness (t).
3. the self-sustaining friction stir welding method that does not wait according to the described upper and lower shaft shoulder diameter of claim 1 is characterized in that: go up distance (T) between the upper surface of the lower surface of the shaft shoulder (1) and the following shaft shoulder (3) in the step 2 than the little 0.3mm of thickness of workpiece (t).
4. the self-sustaining friction stir welding method that does not wait according to the described upper and lower shaft shoulder diameter of claim 1 is characterized in that: go up the upper surface 0.15mm that the shaft shoulder (1) lower surface is lower than first welded piece (5) and second welded piece (6) in the step 4.
5. the self-sustaining friction stir welding method that does not wait according to the described upper and lower shaft shoulder diameter of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the rotating speed of stirring-head is 800 rev/mins in the step 5, speed of welding is 100 mm/min.
One kind realize that claim 1 is described on, the stirring-head of the self-sustaining friction stir welding method that following shaft shoulder diameter does not wait, described stirring-head is by the last shaft shoulder (1), mixing needle (2), the following shaft shoulder (3) and nut (4) are formed, mixing needle (2) is provided with perpendicular to the lower surface of the last shaft shoulder (1), and mixing needle (2) is made one with the last shaft shoulder (1), the outer surface of mixing needle (2) is provided with external screw thread, the following shaft shoulder (3) is threaded with mixing needle (2), nut (4) be arranged on down the shaft shoulder (3) below, and nut (4) is threaded with mixing needle (2), it is characterized in that: the diameter of the described shaft shoulder (3) down is less than the described diameter of going up the shaft shoulder (1).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010102964802A CN101947691B (en) | 2010-09-29 | 2010-09-29 | Self-supporting friction stir welding method with unequal diameters of upper and lower shaft shoulders and stirring head thereof |
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| CN2010102964802A CN101947691B (en) | 2010-09-29 | 2010-09-29 | Self-supporting friction stir welding method with unequal diameters of upper and lower shaft shoulders and stirring head thereof |
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| CN101947691A true CN101947691A (en) | 2011-01-19 |
| CN101947691B CN101947691B (en) | 2012-05-30 |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102528275A (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2012-07-04 | 江苏科技大学 | Method and device for automatically adjusting load torque in coaxial double-shoulder stirring friction welding |
| CN102601515A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2012-07-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Self-sustaining friction stir welding stirring head with irrotational lower shaft shoulder and welding method of stirring head |
| CN102785024A (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2012-11-21 | 黄山学院 | Multifunctional stirring head |
| CN102848072A (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2013-01-02 | 江苏科技大学 | Double-shaft-shoulder stirring friction head comprising lower shaft shoulder at adjustable position |
| CN102873454A (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2013-01-16 | 西北工业大学 | Welding method for multi-layer metal strip |
| CN103068514A (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2013-04-24 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Friction stir welding device |
| CN104023896A (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2014-09-03 | 萨帕有限公司 | Friction stir welding tool with shoulders having different areas, method uasing the tool and products welded by using the tool |
| CN104972216A (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2015-10-14 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | Self-hold welding tool and technological method for friction stir and lap welding |
| US9233438B2 (en) | 2012-01-05 | 2016-01-12 | Sapa Ab | Heat sink and method for manufacturing |
| CN105312761A (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2016-02-10 | 唐远金 | Flexible stirring head and friction stir welding device with same |
| WO2020015229A1 (en) * | 2018-07-15 | 2020-01-23 | 倪平涛 | Static dual-shaft shoulder friction stir welding tool having auxiliary pull rope device and method for welding butt-welded seam |
| CN112620917A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-09 | 北京工业大学 | Double-shaft shoulder tool head for friction material increase manufacturing |
| CN112658461A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-04-16 | 昆山哈工万洲焊接研究院有限公司 | Local reducing stirring head |
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| CN103128437A (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2013-06-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Stirring friction welding device avoiding forming root defects and welding method |
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Cited By (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9776276B2 (en) | 2011-02-18 | 2017-10-03 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Friction stir welding device |
| CN103068514B (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2016-02-17 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Friction-stir engagement device |
| CN103068514A (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2013-04-24 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Friction stir welding device |
| CN104023896B (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2017-04-26 | 萨帕有限公司 | Friction stir welding tool with shoulders having different areas, method uasing the tool and products welded by using the tool |
| CN104023896A (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2014-09-03 | 萨帕有限公司 | Friction stir welding tool with shoulders having different areas, method uasing the tool and products welded by using the tool |
| US9233438B2 (en) | 2012-01-05 | 2016-01-12 | Sapa Ab | Heat sink and method for manufacturing |
| CN102528275B (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2013-12-04 | 江苏科技大学 | Method and device for automatically adjusting load torque in coaxial double-shoulder stirring friction welding |
| CN102528275A (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2012-07-04 | 江苏科技大学 | Method and device for automatically adjusting load torque in coaxial double-shoulder stirring friction welding |
| CN102601515B (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2014-08-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Self-sustaining friction stir welding stirring head with irrotational lower shaft shoulder and welding method of stirring head |
| CN102601515A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2012-07-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Self-sustaining friction stir welding stirring head with irrotational lower shaft shoulder and welding method of stirring head |
| CN102785024A (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2012-11-21 | 黄山学院 | Multifunctional stirring head |
| CN102848072A (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2013-01-02 | 江苏科技大学 | Double-shaft-shoulder stirring friction head comprising lower shaft shoulder at adjustable position |
| CN102873454A (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2013-01-16 | 西北工业大学 | Welding method for multi-layer metal strip |
| CN102873454B (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2014-09-10 | 西北工业大学 | Welding method for multi-layer metal strip |
| CN104972216A (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2015-10-14 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | Self-hold welding tool and technological method for friction stir and lap welding |
| CN105312761B (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2019-02-15 | 广东柳泰焊接科技有限公司 | A kind of flexibility stirring-head and its friction stir weld device |
| CN105312761A (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2016-02-10 | 唐远金 | Flexible stirring head and friction stir welding device with same |
| WO2020015229A1 (en) * | 2018-07-15 | 2020-01-23 | 倪平涛 | Static dual-shaft shoulder friction stir welding tool having auxiliary pull rope device and method for welding butt-welded seam |
| CN112658461A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-04-16 | 昆山哈工万洲焊接研究院有限公司 | Local reducing stirring head |
| CN112620917A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-09 | 北京工业大学 | Double-shaft shoulder tool head for friction material increase manufacturing |
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