CN101949196B - 充气式的墙体材料以及采用该墙体材料的充气式微型冷库 - Google Patents

充气式的墙体材料以及采用该墙体材料的充气式微型冷库 Download PDF

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CN101949196B
CN101949196B CN2010102853104A CN201010285310A CN101949196B CN 101949196 B CN101949196 B CN 101949196B CN 2010102853104 A CN2010102853104 A CN 2010102853104A CN 201010285310 A CN201010285310 A CN 201010285310A CN 101949196 B CN101949196 B CN 101949196B
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freezer
wall
sidewall
layer
insulation layer
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CN101949196A (zh
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李喜宏
姜云斌
王思新
邢亚阁
丁玉龙
陆书来
刘秀峰
李伟丽
贠娟
曹定爱
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Tianjin Jiesheng Donghui Fresh-Preservation Technology Co.,Ltd.
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GUOTOUZHONGLU FRUIT JUICE CO Ltd
TIANJIN LVXIN CRYOGENIC TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Tianjin University of Science and Technology
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Priority to CN2010102853104A priority Critical patent/CN101949196B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2010/078054 priority patent/WO2012034297A1/zh
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种充气式的墙体材料,包括保温层,在所述的保温层的两侧面分别依次设有第一金属层、阻隔层、缓冲层、保护层和第二金属层;保温层两侧的阻隔层均为气密性材料,这两个阻隔层连同保温层两侧的第一金属层构成可充气膨胀的气密性空间,所述的保温层位于该气密性空间之内。本发明还公开了一种充气式微型冷库,包括顶部、底部和四周墙体,均为本发明所述的充气式的墙体材料。本发明充气式微型冷库使用时,在保温层内充入气体中的至少一种,然后吊装起来即可以使用。不用时将气体抽空80%-90%可整体折叠收藏或运输,具有折叠体积小、折叠预应力小等优点。

Description

充气式的墙体材料以及采用该墙体材料的充气式微型冷库
技术领域
本发明涉及一种充气式的墙体材料,以及采用该材料的冷库。
背景技术
当前冷库建造大多为土建式、拼装式为主,施工周期长、闲置率高、不便灵活移动、占用土地资源。
中国实用新型专利01205905.6中公开了一种便携式微型节能冷库,整体结构为中空的半椭球形,半椭球形冷库壁的内外表面由防水不透气织物构成,其中间夹有可充气膨胀的带蜂窝孔隙的丝状海绵体。使用时充气即可,不使用时以折叠保存。
但该技术中采用的不透气织物以及内部的带蜂窝孔隙的丝状海绵体保温效果并不理想,并且物理强度也不高。充气后仅靠材料自身支撑起的冷库牢固度也受到一定限制。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种保温效果好、力学性能优异的充气式的墙体材料,可以用于快速构造房屋、仓库等。
一种充气式的墙体材料,包括保温层,在所述的保温层的两侧面分别依次设有第一金属层、阻隔层、缓冲层、保护层和第二金属层。
保温层的一侧(例如第一侧)依次为第一金属层、阻隔层、缓冲层、保护层和第二金属层。保温层的另一侧(与第一侧相对的第二侧)依次为第一金属层、阻隔层、缓冲层、保护层和第二金属层。
保温层的第一侧与第二侧中都具有第一金属层,但第一侧与第二侧中的第一金属层可以采用相同的材料,也可以采用不同的材料。
同样保温层的第一侧与第二侧的阻隔层、缓冲层、保护层和第二金属层可以采用相同的材料,也可以采用不同的材料。
为了保证良好的隔热效果以及物理性能,本发明墙体材料为多层结构,处于中间部位的为保温层,保温层两侧的阻隔层均为气密性材料,这两个阻隔层连同保温层两侧的第一金属层构成可充气膨胀的气密性空间,而所述的保温层位于该气密性空间之内,墙体材料的外表面带有充气口与所述的气密性空间连通,充气口部位带有密封阀。
保温层采用中空三维卷曲的弹力棉,既可保温又起到支撑作用,保温层可采用丙纶弹力棉(等规聚丙烯)、涤纶弹力棉、腈纶弹力棉、锦纶弹力棉中的一种或多种。
作为优选,为了得到良好的强度各种弹力棉布的纤维一般为中空三维卷曲纤维。保温层厚度50~200mm,固相密度0.07~1g/m3、纤度6~7dtex、卷曲数3~5个/cm、压缩弹性率38%~45%。
保温层与其两侧的第一金属层、阻隔层组成气密性保温结构,使用时保温层非固相空间(解释一下,是指弹力棉纤维间空隙吗?)的间隙小于5mm,这样在气体低热传导率起主导作用时,气体传导热阻与对流值最优。
所述的第一金属层、第二金属层的材料为铝钛合金、铝箔中的至少一种,可以是单层结构也可以是多层结构,多层结构时每层的材料可以相同也可以不同。金属层(第一金属层或第二金属层)厚度0.006~0.009mm,涂布量1.9~2.5g/m2。或金属表层与絮片基层针刺法复合。降低辐射系数、提高反射系数,黑度0.2~0.40。
就墙体材料增体而言,第二金属层处于最外侧,主要用于反射太阳等热源辐射热;第一金属层处于内侧,主要起到冷反射和抑制对流等作用。
所述的阻隔层又称气密层,采用可阻水且阻气的高分子材料,例如可以是PVC(聚氯乙烯)膜、PE(聚乙烯)膜、OPP(聚丙烯)膜中的至少一种,可以是单层结构也可以是多层结构,多层结构时每层的材料可以相同也可以不同。阻隔层起到阻隔气体、水汽、热渗透、热传递等作用,阻隔层厚度0.05~0.12mm,要求气密性良好,使用时,呈正压状态。
所述的保护层采用可阻水的高分子材料,例如PVC(聚氯乙烯)布、无纺布、防雨绸、布基硅橡胶布、尼龙布中的至少一种,可以是单层结构也可以是多层结构,多层结构时每层的材料可以相同也可以不同。保护层具有防水、增强、涂层基材、防老化、耐腐蚀等功能,兼具阻隔、保温作用,保护层厚度1~1.5mm。
所述的缓冲层的材料为发泡聚乙烯、发泡交联聚乙烯、发泡橡胶、软体发泡聚氨酯中一种或几种,可以是单层结构也可以是多层结构,多层结构时每层的材料可以相同也可以不同。缓冲层主要起到缓冲外力冲击,防止湿气,减缓冷或热传导、对流,设计厚度5~15mm。
本发明的充气式的墙体材料由11层结构组成,每层之间以及相邻层之间需要密封的边缘处均采用粘结剂粘合,粘合剂采用通用的抗氧化乳胶等。
本发明还提供了一种采用所述的充气式的墙体材料建成的冷库,
一种充气式微型冷库,包括四周墙体和顶部,所述的四周墙体和顶部均为本发明所述的充气式的墙体材料。
冷库中可以放置热交换器和通风设备,例如可以是空调机的室内机。
所述的“微型”仅是相对于传统的砖土结构的较大冷库而言,并不代表本发明冷库的绝对尺寸。
作为优选,所述的充气式微型冷库还具有底部,所述的底部也采用本发明所述的充气式的墙体材料。顾名思义所述的底部与顶部相对,四周墙体将底部与顶部的边缘封闭,所述的四周墙体可以是由之间有明显转折的四个侧壁围成,也可以是其他形状,例如圆筒形等,但考虑到加工和安装优选是由四个侧壁围成,那么相应的底部与顶部均为四边形。
各个侧壁以及底部与顶部可以是独立的墙体材料,即彼此充气的空腔相互隔离,也可以是将至少相邻的两部分制成一体结构,即彼此充气的空腔相互连通。
作为优选,底部与两个相对的侧壁为一体结构,即通过同一片墙体材料的折弯形成。顶部与另两个相对的侧壁为一体结构,即通过同一片墙体材料的折弯形成。那么整个冷库由两片墙体材料组成。
其中所述的顶部可以为球冠状、或瓦装的拱顶,在侧壁上可以根据需要开设门、窗。
两片墙体材料之间的连接缝处可以采用拉链、粘扣绑扎等方式连接,为了保证冷库的整体强度,设有若干门形支撑架,所述的顶部和/或侧壁通过吊索拉紧在门形支撑架上。当然支撑架也可以是其他形状,支撑架的数量根据冷库的外部尺寸而定。
所述的吊索可以采用合成纤维或金属,吊索与顶部和/或侧壁的连接处可以采用局部加强,即适当增加顶部和/或侧壁最外层或最外侧数层的厚度,或在顶部和/或侧壁相应部位贴覆一层加强材料。
作为优选构成冷库的墙体材料处于冷库内壁一侧的保护层与缓冲层之间至少有一部分为带有空隙的夹层区域,该夹层区域作为冷空气循环通道。
为便于表述,冷库的四周墙体包括依次连接的第一侧壁、第二侧壁、第三侧壁和第四侧壁,其中第二侧壁位于冷库的前侧且带有门,第四侧壁位于冷库的后侧,第一侧壁和第三侧壁分别为冷库的左侧壁和右侧壁,与冷库顶部为一体结构的分别是第一侧壁和第三侧壁。
所述的墙体材料中处于冷库内壁一侧的保护层连同其内侧的第二金属层与缓冲层留有间隙,即冷库内壁一侧保护层与缓冲层之间并非相互贴紧,而是夹层结构。
所述的夹层区域中设有热交换器和通风设备(风扇或风机),例如可以是空调机的室内机,可以输送冷风在所述的冷空气循环通道中循环。也可以通过管路直接向夹层区域中输入冷空气。
为了利于冷空气循环通道中形成有效的循环风路,可以设置导流板将冷空气循环通道合理的分隔,其中通风设备的进风口和出风口分别与冷空气循环通道的出风和进风部位相对应,实现冷空气的循环。
为了使夹层结构中气流分布更合理、均匀,可以设置带孔的布风板,改变气流方向。布风板也采用可折叠的材料,如常用材质的高分子膜等。
所述的冷库顶部、第一侧壁和第三侧壁处于冷库内壁一侧的保护层与缓冲层之间为带有空隙的夹层区域。
这样,整个冷库为夹层结构,中心为存放物品的区域,存放物品的区域与冷库外部之间仍是通过11层结构的墙体材料隔离,而夹层区域位于冷库的顶部和其中两个相对的侧壁中,存放物品的区域与夹层区域之间仅通过第二金属层和保护层隔离,而夹层区域与冷库外部之间则是通过墙体材料的其余9层结构相互隔离。
夹层区域厚度即冷库内壁一侧的保护层与缓冲层之间的距离可以根据热交换器和通风设备的体积来确定。
作为优选,所述的热交换器和通风设备位于冷库顶部的夹层区域,冷空气从通风设备输出后沿冷库顶部的夹层区域从冷库后侧到达前侧之后流向冷库侧壁的夹层区域,沿冷库侧壁的夹层区域从冷库前侧到达后侧,然后流回通风设备的进风口。
在带有夹层结构的冷库中,存放物品的区域可以设置热交换器和风扇,也可以只设置风扇。存放物品的区域与夹层区域之间只进行热量的交换,并不进行空气的流通,即换热不换质,更有利于存放物品的保鲜。
理论上讲热交换器可以放置在风路的任意位置,最为优选,放置在通风设备附近,且临近通风设备的进风口或出风口。
本发明的墙体材料以及冷库,除保温层可以充入气体、以及夹层区域外,其余各层均依次贴紧采用粘结剂粘合。
本发明充气式微型冷库使用时,在保温层内充入干燥空气、高纯氮气、惰性气体中的至少一种,然后吊装起来就可以使用。不用时将气体抽空80%-90%即可整体折叠收藏或运输,具有折叠后体积小、折叠预应力小等优点。
附图说明
图1为充气式的墙体材料的截面示意图,其中各层之间留有间隙以便区别;
图2为采用充气式的墙体材料建成的冷库的局部剖视图;
图3为图2中A部位放大图;
图4为另一种实施方式冷库的局部剖视图;
图5为图4中冷库的截面示意图;
图6为图5中B-B线剖视图;
图7为图5中A-A线剖视图;
图8为第三种实施方式的冷库的截面示意图。
具体实施方式
参见图1,本发明充气式的墙体材料,包括保温层6,保温层6顶侧(相对于图中的方位而言,使用时相当于冷库外壁的一侧)依次为金属层5、阻隔层4、缓冲层3、保护层2和金属层1,保温层6底侧(相对于图中的方位而言,使用时相当于冷库内壁的一侧)依次为金属层7、阻隔层8、缓冲层9、保护层10和金属层11。
金属层5、阻隔层4以及金属层7、阻隔层8构成气密性空间,保温层采用中空的三维卷曲的丙纶弹力棉,丙纶弹力棉填充在该气密性空间中,保温层整体厚度60mm。
金属层5、金属层1、金属层7、金属层11均采用厚度为0.007mm的铝箔;
阻隔层4和阻隔层8为聚氯乙烯膜,厚度0.12mm;
保护层2、保护层10为尼龙布,厚度1mm;
缓冲层3、缓冲层9为发泡聚乙烯层,厚度10mm,
每层之间以及需要气密封的边缘处采用抗氧化乳胶粘合。
参见图2,本发明充气式微型冷库14,包括底部、四周墙体和顶部,底部、四周墙体和顶部均为前述的充气式的墙体材料。
四周墙体由前侧壁、右侧壁、后侧壁和左侧壁依次连接围成,其中底部与前侧壁、后侧壁为一体结构,即由同一片墙体材料折弯形成,顶部与左侧壁、右侧壁为一体结构,其中顶部为瓦装的拱顶。每片墙体材料均带有各自的一个充气口与保温层相通,充气口开口部位带有密封塞,在前侧壁上开设门。
为了保证冷库的整体强度,设有若干门形支撑架12,顶部和侧壁通过吊索13拉紧在门形支撑架12上。门形支撑架12根据冷库的外部尺寸可以设置多个,图中仅示意性的画出一个门形支撑架12,当然支撑架也可以是其他形状。
参见图3,墙体材料的中间为充气后的保温层15、保温层15两侧分别为构成气密性空间的层体16a和层体16b,
结合图1,层体16a包括和金属层7、阻隔层8,层体16b包括金属层5、阻隔层4。
位于层体16a内侧的为其他结构层18,包括缓冲层9、保护层10和金属层11;位于层体16b外侧的为其他结构层17,包括缓冲层3、保护层2和金属层1。
本发明充气式微型冷库使用时,在保温层内充入干燥空气,然后吊装起来即可以使用。
参见图4~图7,作为另一种实施方式,
在冷库的顶部、左侧壁和右侧壁中,墙体材料处于冷库内壁一侧的保护层连同其内侧的第二金属层与缓冲层留有间隙,即为夹层结构,图4中可见,层结构21包括保护层10和金属层11,而位于顶部、左侧壁和右侧壁的层结构22则包括墙体材料中的其余9层,即由内而外依次为缓冲层9、阻隔层8、金属层7、保温层6、金属层5、阻隔层4、缓冲层3、保护层2和金属层1。层结构21和层结构22之间通过吊索25拉紧。
为了利于冷空气循环通道中形成有效的循环风路,可以设置导流板19和导流板20将夹层结构分隔成冷空气循环通道,图4中的箭头为冷空气循环通道中空气的流动方向。
导流板19和导流板20一般采用可折叠的塑料薄膜,分别位于顶部夹层结构的左右两侧,将顶部夹层结构与左侧壁和右侧壁的夹层结构隔离,仅在靠近顶部夹层结构前侧和后侧的部位留有开口。
为了进一步使气流合理的分布,在冷库左侧壁和右侧壁的夹层中带有布风板28(图中仅在一侧表示,省略另一侧),布风板28带有通风孔29。
通风孔29可以采用各种形状,为圆孔时直径一般可以是3厘米。
整个冷库为夹层结构,中心为存放物品的区域,存放物品的区域与冷库外部之间仍是通过11层结构的墙体材料隔离,而夹层区域位于冷库的顶部、左侧壁和右侧壁中,存放物品的区域与夹层区域之间仅通过保护层10和金属层11隔离,而夹层区域与冷库外部之间则是通过墙体材料的其余9层结构相互隔离。
冷库顶部的夹层区域设有热交换器(图中未显示)和风扇23,热交换器位于风扇23的进风口部位,热交换器通过热交换介质管路与冷库外的制冷设备相连,存放物品的区域设有风扇24,用于该区域内温度的均衡和空气的流动。
图6、7中的箭头方向为冷空气流动方向,冷空气从风扇23输出后沿冷库顶部的夹层区域从冷库后侧到达前侧,通过开口26流向冷库侧壁的夹层区域,经过布风板28的阻挡后使处于侧壁夹层区域顶部和底部的气流温度相对均衡,而后气流通过通风孔29沿冷库侧壁的夹层区域从冷库前侧到达后侧,再通过开口27流回风扇23的进风口。
在带有夹层结构的冷库中,存放物品的区域与夹层区域之间只进行热量的交换,并不进行空气的流通,即换热不换质,更有利于存放物品的保鲜。
但在需要存贮的物品或食物温度较高时,需要尽快降低温度,那么可以在层结构21靠近冷库底部处开有通风孔31,这样存放物品的区域和冷库的夹层区域之间可以通过通风孔31之间实现气流的沟通,既换热也换质,有利于尽快降低存放物品区域的温度。
通风孔31可以采用圆孔,直径可以在5~10厘米,根据存放物品的区域和冷库的夹层区域之间的空气流量要求或存放物品区域的降温速度要求,可以适当调整通风孔31的面积。
参见图8,作为第三种实施方式,冷库底部也带有夹层结构,通过托架30支撑冷库底部的夹层结构,此时冷空气从风扇23输出后沿冷库顶部的夹层区域从冷库侧壁流到底部,再流经另一侧壁的夹层结构后流回风扇23的进风口。而存放物品区域的风扇24出风的朝向恰好使存放物品区域的空气流动方向与夹层结构中的空气流动方向相反,以增强热交换的效果。
层结构21与层结构22之间仅在冷库的前侧壁部位相互贴合,由于冷库的前侧壁带有可开关的门,因此一般情况下,有门的侧壁至少在门的周边层结构21与层结构22之间是贴合的,即没有夹层结构。
本实施方式中,省略了导流板和布风板,并且夹层结构的面积更大,存放物品的区域与夹层区域之间换热效果更好。

Claims (8)

1.一种充气式微型冷库,包括顶部、底部以及四周墙体,其特征在于,所述的顶部、底部以及四周墙体所采用的墙体材料为:
包括保温层,在所述的保温层的两侧面分别依次设有第一金属层、阻隔层、缓冲层、保护层和第二金属层;其中保温层两侧的阻隔层均为气密性材料,这两个阻隔层连同保温层两侧的第一金属层构成可充气膨胀的气密性空间,所述的保温层位于该气密性空间之内;
构成冷库的墙体材料处于冷库内壁一侧的保护层与缓冲层之间至少有一部分为带有空隙的夹层区域,该夹层区域作为冷空气循环通道。
2.如权利要求1所述的充气式微型冷库,其特征在于,所述的保温层为中空的三维卷曲弹力棉。
3.如权利要求2所述的充气式微型冷库,其特征在于,所述的保温层为丙纶弹力棉、涤纶弹力棉、腈纶弹力棉、锦纶弹力棉中的至少一种;
所述的第一金属层、第二金属层的材料为铝钛合金、铝箔中的至少一种;
所述的阻隔层为聚氯乙烯膜、聚乙烯膜、聚丙烯膜中的至少一种;
所述的保护层为聚氯乙烯布、无纺布、防雨绸、布基硅橡胶布、尼龙布中的至少一种;
所述的缓冲层的材料为发泡聚乙烯、发泡橡胶、软体发泡聚氨酯中的至少一种。
4.如权利要求3所述的充气式微型冷库,其特征在于,所述的保温层的厚度为50~200mm,所述的第一金属层或第二金属层的厚度为0.006~0.009mm,所述的阻隔层的厚度为0.05~0.12mm,所述的缓冲层的厚度为5~15mm,所述的保护层的厚度为1~1.5mm。
5.如权利要求4所述的充气式微型冷库,其特征在于,所述的四周墙体由依次连接的第一侧壁、第二侧壁、第三侧壁和第四侧壁围成,其中第二侧壁位于冷库的前侧且带有门,第四侧壁位于冷库的后侧,第一侧壁和第三侧壁分别位于冷库的左侧和右侧。
6.如权利要求5所述的充气式微型冷库,其特征在于,所述的冷库顶部与第一侧壁和第三侧壁为同一片墙体材料折弯形成,所述的冷库底部与第二侧壁和第四侧壁为同一片墙体材料折弯形成。
7.如权利要求6所述的充气式微型冷库,其特征在于,所述的冷库顶部、第一侧壁和第三侧壁处于冷库内壁一侧的保护层与缓冲层之间为带有空隙的夹层区域。
8.如权利要求7所述的充气式微型冷库,其特征在于,所述的夹层区域中设有导流板将夹层区域分隔为冷空气循环通道,冷库顶部的夹层区域设有热交换器和通风设备,冷空气从通风设备输出后沿冷库顶部的夹层区域从冷库后侧到达前侧之后流向第一侧壁和第三侧壁的夹层区域,沿第一侧壁和第三侧壁的夹层区域从冷库前侧到达后侧,然后流回通风设备的进风口。
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US10047519B2 (en) 2018-08-14
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