CN101964811A - 最佳利用对等网络的方法 - Google Patents

最佳利用对等网络的方法 Download PDF

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CN101964811A
CN101964811A CN2010102700838A CN201010270083A CN101964811A CN 101964811 A CN101964811 A CN 101964811A CN 2010102700838 A CN2010102700838 A CN 2010102700838A CN 201010270083 A CN201010270083 A CN 201010270083A CN 101964811 A CN101964811 A CN 101964811A
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S·P·霍普金斯
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Tiversa Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/08Configuration management of networks or network elements
    • H04L41/0803Configuration setting
    • H04L41/0813Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings
    • H04L41/0816Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings the condition being an adaptation, e.g. in response to network events
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/50Testing arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01Protocols
    • H04L67/10Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01Protocols
    • H04L67/10Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H04L67/1061Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks using node-based peer discovery mechanisms
    • H04L67/1063Discovery through centralising entities
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01Protocols
    • H04L67/10Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H04L67/1061Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks using node-based peer discovery mechanisms
    • H04L67/1068Discovery involving direct consultation or announcement among potential requesting and potential source peers
    • H04L67/107Discovery involving direct consultation or announcement among potential requesting and potential source peers with limitation or expansion of the discovery scope
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01Protocols
    • H04L67/10Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H04L67/1087Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks using cross-functional networking aspects
    • H04L67/1093Some peer nodes performing special functions
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/14Session management
    • H04L67/143Termination or inactivation of sessions, e.g. event-controlled end of session
    • H04L67/145Termination or inactivation of sessions, e.g. event-controlled end of session avoiding end of session, e.g. keep-alive, heartbeats, resumption message or wake-up for inactive or interrupted session
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/04Network management architectures or arrangements
    • H04L41/042Network management architectures or arrangements comprising distributed management centres cooperatively managing the network
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/632Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing using a connection between clients on a wide area network, e.g. setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet for retrieving video segments from the hard-disk of other client devices
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99951File or database maintenance
    • Y10S707/99956File allocation

Abstract

本发明涉及最佳利用对等网络的方法,其中通过增加接收通信消息的数量来最佳利用对等网络。本发明通过在执行连接时消除、通过控制如何尝试连接以及通过找出最佳连接来实现该点。本发明提供了一种增加可用于搜索的节点数目的方式。

Description

最佳利用对等网络的方法
本申请是申请日为2005年1月21日、申请号为200580008723.5、发明名称为“最佳利用对等网络的方法”的专利申请的分案申请。
相关专利申请
本文是2004年1月23日提交的题为“在对等网络上监视并提供信息的方法”的美国专利申请No.10/764111的部分继续。
技术领域
本发明提供一种最佳利用对等网络,并且特别是最佳利用对等网络来增大接收的通信消息数量的方法。
背景技术
本文使用的“对等网络”是本发明的主题,它包括多节点,各节点通常由可对于连接到的节点发送和接收通信消息或信息的文件服务器和客户端两者组成。
在对等网络中,各节点通过例如互联网的通信媒介直接或通过某类型的代理连接到其他节点。例如,当发出搜索请求时,这样的源节点将搜索请求发送到所有它连接到的节点。(参见图1)这些节点搜索它们的可得文件的列表并且如果发现匹配,则它们发回带有位置的响应。然而,对等代理网络通常由连接到节点B的节点A和连接到节点C的节点B组成(参见图2)。节点A不连接到节点C,使得如果节点A发出搜索请求,则它将被转发到节点B,并且节点B搜索它的可得文件,如果发现匹配则它将响应发回到节点A。节点B然后将节点A的请求转发到节点C,并且节点C搜索它的可得文件,如果发现匹配,则它将响应发回到节点B。节点B然后将该响应转发到节点A。图3公开了非代理环型网络,其中各节点直接连接到另外节点。
某些对等网络利用叶节点/主要节点代理拓扑(参见图4),其中某些节点分类为主要节点,余下的节点分类为叶节点。叶节点只能连接到主要节点。只有主要节点才能连接到其他主要节点。当叶节点发出搜索请求时,它将请求发送到它连接到的主要节点。主要节点然后将请求转发到连接到它的任何其他叶节点并且还转发到它连接到的任何主要节点。这些主要节点将请求转发到连接到它们的任何叶节点。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种最佳利用对等网络的方法。本发明的另一目的是提供一种减少从在对等网络上的单个节点观看大多数(如果不是全部)通信消息所需的连接的数目的方法。本发明的另一目的是提供一种最佳连接到网络的方法。本发明的目的还在于提供一种找出距离第一节点特定距离的节点的方法。
发明内容
一般地,本发明提供一种通过控制节点如何连接到网络和控制节点如何找出最佳节点以及节点如何与网络和其他节点互相作用来最佳利用对等网络的方法。
在一实施例中,第一节点发出对预选信息的搜索,通过观察响应来帮助找出其他节点。在另一实施例中,第一节点发出“ping”并将跳值与预定的最佳值比较。在又一实施例中,第一节点维护连接统计信息并将这些与配置的最佳值比较。在又一实施例中,第一节点按预定次数连续地清除它的主机高速缓存。
在所有实施例中,节点被配置为具有一个或多个下述特征。这些特征在本发明中被采用,以便与在具体网络上的没有这样优化处理的其他网络节点相比最佳利用对等网络。因此,为了最佳利用网络,并非所有的能力都需要被编程到各节点。本发明目前优选的方法包括:
·配置节点以发送“ping”并检查包含在结果中的距离参数;
·配置节点以发送预置的搜索并检查包含在结果中的距离参数;
·配置节点以基于对其主机高速缓存的大小的比较来清除或修改其主机高速缓存;
·配置节点以基于对其主机高速缓存已存在多长时间的比较来清除或修改其主机高速缓存;
·配置节点以调节它的连接尝试;
·配置节点以基于对接收的重复通信消息的计算来撤消连接;
·配置节点以基于从连接接收发送的最后时间来撤消连接;
·配置节点以基于当与其他连接相比时该连接执行有多好来撤消连接;
·配置节点以连接到其他类似的节点或主节点并且分担网络的处理。
通过熟读以下结合附图对本发明当前优选实施例的详细描述,本发明的其他优点将显而易见。
附图说明
图1是两节点对等网络的简化示意图;
图2是对等代理网络的简化示意图;
图3是对等的非代理环型网络的简化示意图;
图4是对等叶/主要节点网络的简化示意图;
图5是由多于5跳组成的对等网络的简化示意图;
图6是具有分担负载的节点的对等网络的简化示意图;
图7是具有分担负载的节点但还没有连接的对等网络的简化示意图;
图8是具有调节其连接的节点的对等网络的简化示意图;
具体实施方式
一般,对等网络是相当大的,常有百万或更多节点。为减少运行这样网络所需的带宽,节点具有集体强加的传输距离限制。大多数通信消息包括比如跳的通信半径参数。跳值通常是从0开始,通信每转发一次就加1。当跳达到预设的限制时,通常为5,通信就从网络上撤消。这将有效地对集体实施“生存时间”值并限制从特定的发送节点接收通信的节点的数目。因此它将为最佳的并且有利于以这样的方式连接使得节点在所有通信消息到达的范围内。
在本发明的一实施例中,希望最佳连接到第二节点的第一节点发出包含预置搜索项的搜索请求。该搜索项可以是任何项但最好是将与其他节点上的许多文件匹配的一项。因为通过第二节点可得的其他节点响应第一节点,所以第一节点查看它们的响应的跳值并将它与可由操作者预置的值进行比较。这样的值可基于其他值通过数学计算产生,或者它可与其他值有关。如果跳值等于或大于被比较的值,则第一节点将尝试连接到发送响应的节点。如果跳值小于被比较的值,则第一节点将不尝试连接发送响应的节点。这个方法允许第一节点连接到距离当前连接的节点N跳的节点因而扩大了它的通信半径。
在另一实施例中,第一节点连接到第二节点并且发出“ping”而不是第二请求。因为通过第二节点可得的其他节点响应第一节点,所以第一节点查看它们的响应的跳值并将它与可由操作者预置的值进行比较。与第一实施例中一样,这样的值可基于其他值通过数学计算产生,或者它与其他值有关。如果跳值多于或大于被比较的值,则第一节点将尝试连接到发送响应的节点。如果跳值小于被比较的值,则第一节点将不尝试连接到发送响应的节点。这个方法允许第一节点连接到距离当前连接的节点N跳的节点因而扩大了其通信半径。
在另一实施例中,为连接目的设法找出在网络上的其他节点的第一节点发出包含预置搜索项的搜索请求。该搜索项可为任何项但最好是将与在其他节点上的许多文件匹配的一项。因为通过第二节点可得的其他节点响应第一节点,所以第一节点尝试连接到它们或将它们添加到高速缓存以便以后连接。
参考图3,第一节点连接到彼此在非最佳距离内的其他节点是可能的并且这些其他节点自身具有到第一节点的第二路径。其他非最佳的连接是可能的,但结果是第一节点将接收复制通信消息。如果它能检测这个情形,则它对第一节点有利,因此,在本发明的另外实施例中,第一节点维护从各节点接收的复制通信消息的计数。每隔一段时间,第一节点将在比如与值比较的预置方程中使用复制通信消息的计数,该值可由操作者预置,可以基于其他值通过数学计算产生或者它可与其他值有关。比较可以是任何比较,例如,大于或小于或平均。如果使用该方程,节点检测到连接不是最佳的或满足某个条件,则第一节点将断开那个连接。
第一节点连接到没有连接到任何其他节点的第二节点是可能的或者第二节点可被配置为不转发任何通信。在这种情形下,第二节点被认为是没有出产物的。因此,在本发明的另一实施例中,第一节点为它的连接维护接收的通信消息的计数。每隔一段时间,第一节点将在比如与值比较的预置方程中使用接收的通信消息的计数。该值可由操作者预置,它可以是基于其他值通过数学计算产生的值或它可与其他值有关。比较可以是任何比较,比如大于或小于或平均。如果使用该方程,节点检测到连接不是最佳的或者满足某个条件,则第一节点将断开那个连接。
在另一实施例中,第一节点维护它从各连接接收的搜索的计数。每隔一段时间,第一节点将在比如与值比较的预置方程中使用这些计数。该值可由操作者预配置,它可以是基于其他值通过数学计算产生的值或者它与其他值有关。比较可以是任何比较,比如大于或小于或平均。如果使用方程,节点检测到连接不是最佳的或者满足某个标准,则第一节点将断开那个连接。
在另一实施例中,第一节点维护节点在某连接中接收通信消息的最后时间。每隔一段时间第一节点将在比如值的比较的预置方程中使用最后发送时间,该值可由操作者预置,可基于其他值通过数学计算产生或者它可与其他值有关。比较可以是任何比较,比如大于或小于或平均。如果使用该方程,节点检测到连接不是最佳的或者满足某个条件,则第一节点将断开那个连接。
在某些情形中,最好撤消不是与其他连接的平均值一样地执行的连接,或者撤销不是在其他连接的平均值的某百分比内或与预定性能范围不一致地执行的连接。因此,在这种情况下,在另一实施例中,第一节点将保持关于它的连接的特定通信统计信息并每隔一段时间计算这些统计信息的平均值,并且撤消那些低于平均值的连接或撤消那些低于平均值一定百分比的连接。
有时节点会得到过载的对等网络上的处理通信。在这种情形中,能对处理通信的负载进行分割是有利的。因此,在本发明的另外实施例中,多个节点能在不同的点连接到网络并分担负载。这些多个节点将维护在它们自身之间或到主节点的通信路径,并且发送和接收关于哪些其他网络节点和各节点连接到哪里的信息。这将允许多个节点分担负载。这些节点也可反过来向主节点报告它们正在处理的搜索。
当多次连接到网络时,负载被设在与同时发生的连接尝试的数目有关的节点的资源上。如果有某些方式来控制或调节到网络的多重连接尝试则将对节点是有益的。在本发明的该实施例中,节点为设定的若干并发连接尝试而配置。当连接被接受时,节点将添加新连接尝试来维护这个设定值。如果没有这个方法,则希望连接到1000个其他节点的节点将尝试1000个并发连接。使用该方法,并且为最大数目50个并发连接而配置,则节点将尝试50个到网络的并发连接尝试。当这些连接尝试成功或失败时,节点将添加足够多的新连接尝试以达到设定的50个的限制。一旦限制为1000个的连接被建立,节点就不再尝试任何进一步的连接。
尽管对由节点的连接尝试的并发数目进行限制和控制减少了负载,但是有时期望最初以大量的并发连接尝试开始并且然后将该数目限制在设定值。在另一实施例中,节点被配置为只尝试设定的若干并发连接尝试。当连接尝试首先开始,节点尝试尽可能多的连接直到成功连接的数目达到某值。该值可由操作者预设,基于其他值通过数学计算产生,或者它与其他值有关。一旦达到该值,节点就将它的尝试减少到上述方法中限制的并发连接。
在许多情况下,第一节点可连接到第二节点并在经过若干时间之后,第二节点可停止发送,而第一节点并不知道这个发生。这个第二节点可以因为技术问题停止发送,或者它可因为不再被利用而停止发送。作为若干时间过去之后的预防,撤消连接对第一节点是有益的。在一实施例中,第一节点被配置为留意它何时连接到第二节点。在若干被配置或计算的时间限制到达后,第一节点撤消连接并且尝试再次连接到同一节点或到不同节点。
当节点连接到网络时,它们不断地接收关于它可可能连接到的其他节点的地址信息。当发现这些新节点时,就将它们添加到高速缓存。高速缓存被用来对节点提供潜在的新连接。某些节点具有对它们可具有的并发连接数目的设定限制。如果达到它们的设定限制,则它们将不连接到任何进一步的节点,但它们将继续将新发现的节点添加到它们的高速缓存。如果节点维持很长的连接,在该高速缓存中的节点可由多种原因变为无效。当节点最后释放连接并且试图连接到高速缓存中的节点时,因为节点是无效的,资源会被消耗和浪费掉。因此在又一实施例中,节点被正常地配置为将节点添加到它的高速缓存,而且被配置为在设定的间隔或当高速缓存达到某限制时清除该高速缓存。通过不断地清除高速缓存,可实现无效节点的减少。
示例
以下示例说明了根据本发明的方法的各种实施例。
例1:参考图5,该示例说明了用于从搜索请求中获得跳信息并且使用该信息来最佳连接网络的方法。
在该示例中,节点A连接到节点B并希望最佳连接入余下网络。该网络被配置为允许通信消息传播最大5跳,所以节点A被配置来寻找5跳远的节点。各节点包含名为“Samuel.txt”的文件,节点A经由节点B将带有项“Samuel.txt”的搜索消息发出到网络。节点A、B、C、D、E和F都响应。节点A检查各搜索响应并发现节点F为5跳远。节点A连接到节点F。节点A经由节点F将带有项“Samuel.txt”的搜索消息发出到网络。节点B、C、D、E、F、G、H、I和R响应。节点A检查各搜索响应并发现节点B和R为5跳远。节点A知道它已连接到节点B,因此它只连接到节点R。节点A经由节点R将带有项“Samuel.txt”的搜索消息发出到网络。节点F、G、H、I、R、Q、P、O和N响应。节点A检查各搜索响应并发现节点F和N为5跳远。节点A知道它已连接到节点F,所以它只连接到节点N。节点A经由节点N将带有项“Samuel.txt”的搜索消息发出到网络。节点J、K、L、M、N、O、P、Q和R响应。节点A检查各搜索响应并发现节点J和R为5跳远。节点A知道它已连接到节点R,所以它只连接到节点J。节点A经由节点J将带有项“Samuel.txt”的搜索消息发出。节点J、K、L、M和N响应。节点A检查各搜索响应并发现节点N为5跳远。节点A知道它已连接到节点N所以它不连接。节点A现在距所有节点都在5跳之内,并且将从所有节点接收所有通信。
例2:再次参考图5,例2说明了用于根据“ping”获得跳信息并使用这个信息来最佳连接网络的方法。
在这个示例中,节点A连接入节点B并希望最佳连连接到余下网络。网络被配置为允许通信消息传播最大5跳,因此节点A被配置为寻找5跳远的节点。节点A经由节点B将“ping”消息发出到网络。节点A、B、C、D、E和F都响应。节点A检查各响应并发现节点F为5跳远。节点A连接到节点F。节点A经由节点F将“ping”发出到网络。节点B、C、D、E、F、G、H、I和R响应。节点A检查各响应并发现节点B和R为5跳远。节点A知道它已连接到节点B,所以它只连接到节点R。节点A经由节点R将“ping”消息发出到网络。节点F、G、H、I、R、Q、P、O和N响应。节点A检查各响应并发现节点F和N为5跳远。节点A知道它已连接到节点F,所以它只连接到节点N。节点A经由节点N将“ping”消息发出到网络。节点J、K、L、M、N、O、P、Q和R响应。节点A检查各响应并发现节点J和R为5跳远。节点A知道它已连接到节点R,所以它只连接节点J。节点A经由节点J将“ping”消息发出到网络。节点J、K、L、M和N响应。节点A检查各响应并发现该节点N为5跳远。节点A知道它已连接到节点N,所以它不连接。现在节点A距所有节点都在5跳以内并且将从所有节点接收所有通信。
例3:参考图5,例3说明了一种用于找出其他节点以便有更多连接选项存在的方法。
在这个示例中,节点A希望发现其他可连接的节点。节点A已连接到节点B。网络被配置为允许通信消息传播最大5跳。各节点包含名为“Samuel.txt”的文件。节点A经由节点B将带有项“Samuel.txt”的搜索消息发出到网络。节点A、B、C、D、E和F都响应。节点A检查各搜索响应并使用包含在消息中的地址信息来连接这些节点。
例4:参考图2和图3,例4说明了一种用于通过查看存在的复制消息的数目来优化节点的连接的方法。
参考图3,B设法找出文件“Samuel.txt”并发出其连接到节点A和C的搜索请求。节点C接收该搜索请求。节点A接收该搜索请求。节点A将该搜索请求转发到节点C。节点C记录它已从节点A接收到复制消息。节点C发现它已被配置为当它接收1个复制消息就撤消连接,所以它撤消到节点A的连接。节点C仍能看见来自节点A的搜索,因为它们将通过节点B传播。现在参考图2,最后结果是只需一个连接就能从网络接收所有通信。
例5:参考图4,例5说明了一种用于通过监视在连接上接收的通信消息的数目来优化节点连接的方法。
在这个示例中,主要节点4希望通过监视它从所有连接中接收了多少通信消息并将它们与平均值比较来优化它的连接。如果连接达不到平均值则它将断开连接。主要节点4记录以下统计信息:
主要节点2已发送1条通信消息
主要节点3已发送1条通信消息
叶节点G已发送1条通信消息
叶节点H已发送1条通信消息
主要节点4然后等待,例如5分钟,并记录以下统计信息:
主要节点2已发送51条通信消息
主要节点3已发送53条通信消息
叶节点G已发送54条通信消息
叶节点H已发送1条通信消息
主要节点4将所有消息的增量加在一起并除以4得到平均值38.75。因为主要节点4被配置为撤消任何低于平均值的连接,所以它将撤消到叶节点H的连接。
例6:再参考图4,例6说明了一种通过监视在连接上接收的最后发送的时间来优化节点连接的方法。
在这个示例中,主要节点4被编程为通过监视它的连接最后何时接收通信消息并将它们与值比较来优化它的连接。如果连接在一分钟内没有接收任何通信消息,则节点将撤消该连接。主要节点4记录以下统计信息:
主要节点2已发送1条通信消息
主要节点3已发送1条通信消息
叶节点G已发送1条通信消息
叶节点H已发送1条通信消息
主要节点4然后等待1分钟并记录以下统计信息:
主要节点2已发送51条通信消息
主要节点3已发送53条通信消息
叶节点G已发送54条通信消息
叶节点H已发送1条通信消息
因为主要节点4被配置为撤消任何在1分钟内还没有接收任何通信消息的连接,所以它将撤消到叶节点H的连接。
例7:再次参考图4,例7说明了一种通过监视在它的连接上接收的搜索请求的数目来优化节点连接的方法。
在这个示例中,主要节点4被编程为通过监视它从所有连接接收了多少搜索请求并将它们与平均值比较来优化它的连接。如果连接达不到平均值,则它将断开该连接。主要节点4记录以下统计信息:
主要节点2已发送1条搜索请求
主要节点3已发送1条搜索请求
叶节点G已发送1条搜索请求
叶节点H已发送1条搜索请求
主要节点4然后等待5分钟并记录以下统计信息:
主要节点2已发送51条搜索请求
主要节点3已发送53条搜索请求
叶节点G已发送54条搜索请求
叶节点H已发送1条搜索请求
主要节点4将所有消息的增量加在一起并除以4得到平均数为38.75。因为主要节点4被配置为撤消任何低于平均值的连接,所以它将撤消到叶节点H的连接。
例8:参考图6,例8说明了一种将负载在多节点中分割并将信息报告给主节点的方法。主节点也留意负载分担节点被连接到哪些网络节点。
在此,节点1、7和13被描绘为在最佳点分担监视网络的负载。节点1连接到节点2并将该信息报告给主节点A。节点7连接到节点8并将该信息报告给主节点A。节点13连接到节点14并将该信息报告给主节点A。节点7希望连接到节点2并将该请求发送到主节点A。主节点A知道节点1连接到节点2因而拒绝该请求。
节点2发出对“Samuel.txt”的搜索请求。节点1接收该通信消息并将它转发到主节点A。主节点A记录该信息。节点17发出对“bob.txt”的搜索请求。节点13接收该通信消息并将它转发到主节点A。主节点A记录该信息。
例9:参考图6和7,例9说明了一种在多节点中分割负载并将该信息报告给主节点的方法。主节点也通知负载分担节点连接到哪些网络节点。
首先参考图7,在该例中,节点1、7和13希望加入网络。节点1、7和13将通信消息发送到主节点A请求客户端连接。主节点A用对节点2的连接信息回复节点1。主节点A用对节点8的连接信息回复节点7。主节点A用对节点14的连接信息回复节点13。
节点1、7和13在最佳点连接并分担监视网络的负载。节点1连接到节点2并将该信息报告给主节点A。节点7连接到节点8并将该信息报告给主节点A。节点13连接到节点14并将该信息报告给主节点A。节点7希望连接到节点2并将该请求发送到主节点A。主节点A知道节点1连接到节点2并拒绝该请求。
节点2发出对“samuel.txt”的搜索请求。节点1接收该通信信息并将它转发到主节点A。主节点A记录该信息。节点17发出对“bob.txt”的搜索请求。节点13接收该通信消息并将它转发到主节点A。主节点A记录该信息。
例10:参考图8,例10说明了一种调节到网络的连接尝试的方法。
在该示例中,节点C希望连接到最大四个其他节点。在它的高速缓存中它具有以下条目:
节点A
节点H
节点L
节点V
节点B
节点O
节点E
节点D
节点C被配置为只具有最大2个并发连接尝试并为各连接尝试等待10秒。节点C试图连接到节点A和节点H。节点C连接到节点A并建立连接。节点C继续等待到节点H的连接尝试。因为节点C连接到节点A,现在存在一个空连接时隙,因此节点C尝试连接到节点V。到节点H的连接尝试失败,因此现在存在一个空连接时隙。节点C尝试连接到节点B并且该连接尝试成功。因为再次存在一个空连接时隙,所以节点C尝试连接到节点O。差错立即发生并且同时到节点V连接尝试也失败。现在存在两个可得空连接时隙。节点C尝试连接到节点E和节点D。节点C与节点D的连接尝试成功。10秒以后,到节点E的连接尝试失败。
尽管目前已描述和描绘了优选实施例,但本发明可在所附权利要求的范围中以其他方式体现。

Claims (19)

1.一种分割监控对等网络的负载的方法,所述方法包括:
在对等网络中的第一节点处,
(a)接收由对等网络中的第二节点报告的信息,包括关于哪些节点被连接到第二节点的信息;
(b)利用所接收的信息,连接到与连接到第二节点的节点不同的那些节点;以及
(c)报告信息,包括关于哪些节点被连接到第一节点的信息,使得第二节点也访问所报告的信息,据此在第一节点和第二节点之间分割监控对等网络的负载。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中由第二节点报告的信息包括由第二节点接收的搜索请求。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中接收由第二节点报告的信息包括接收来自主节点的信息;以及
其中第二节点直接向主节点报告所述信息。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中连接到不同的那些节点包括请求主节点返回节点的连接信息以便进行连接,利用由第二节点报告的信息,主节点将连接信息返回到第一节点。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中报告信息包括向主节点报告信息;以及
其中第二节点自主节点接收由第一节点报告的信息。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括在高速缓存中存储与连接到第二节点的节点不同的那些节点以便进行连接。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,还包括清除高速缓存。
8.一种最佳地利用对等网络的方法,所述方法包括:
在对等网络中的第一节点处,
a.连接到对等网络中的其他节点;
b.为到其他节点的每个连接维护统计信息;以及
c.基于统计信息断开其他节点中的一个节点。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中为每个连接维护的统计信息是在连接上接收的通信消息的数目。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中为每个连接维护的统计信息是发送在连接上被最后接收的时间。
11.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中为每个连接维护的统计信息是在连接上接收的搜索的数目。
12.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中断开一个节点是基于统计信息的平均值或在统计信息的平均值的百分比内而作出的。
13.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中断开一个节点是基于连接到所述一个节点的统计信息低于连接到其他节点的统计信息而作出的。
14.一种最佳地利用具有多个节点的对等网络的方法,所述方法包括:
a.定义最大的并发连接值;
b.通过第一节点尝试到对等网络中的节点的多重连接直到最大的并发连接值;以及
c.当连接尝试成功或失败时添加新的连接尝试直到并发连接值。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中第一节点进行多于最大的并发连接值的尝试直至所定义的数目的成功连接尝试已完成。
16.一种最佳地利用具有至少第一节点和第二节点的对等网络的方法,所述方法包括:
a.将第一节点连接到第二节点;
b.在第一节点中记录连接的时间;
c.每隔一段时间将第一节点连接时间与值比较;以及
d.当达到所述值时,将第一节点从第二节点断开。
17.一种最佳地利用具有多个节点的对等网络的方法,所述方法包括:
a.在网络中的节点处获得关于多个节点的地址信息;
b.将地址信息添加到高速缓存;以及
c.当特定事件发生时清除高速缓存。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述事件是高速缓存已经达到特定大小。
19.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述事件是高速缓存中的连接信息已经达到特定寿命。
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