CN101979209B - Self-maintained friction stir welding method with reversely rotation of upper and lower shaft shoulders - Google Patents
Self-maintained friction stir welding method with reversely rotation of upper and lower shaft shoulders Download PDFInfo
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- CN101979209B CN101979209B CN2010105631488A CN201010563148A CN101979209B CN 101979209 B CN101979209 B CN 101979209B CN 2010105631488 A CN2010105631488 A CN 2010105631488A CN 201010563148 A CN201010563148 A CN 201010563148A CN 101979209 B CN101979209 B CN 101979209B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-maintained friction stir welding method with reversely rotating upper and lower shaft shoulders, and relates to a self-maintained friction stir welding method to solve the problems that: the upper and lower shaft shoulders have unequal diameters but rotate in the same direction with equal speed, and in the welding process, the weld heat input is large, a workpiece is easy to deform, a mixing needle is inclined to fracture, and the distribution of a weld zone temperature field, a joint structure and residual stress are asymmetric, so that the joint performance is asymmetric, and the bearing capacity of a welding structure is reduced. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, determining the size of a stirring head, namely determining the diameter of the upper shaft shoulder, the stirring needle and the lower shaft shoulder according to the thickness of a first welded workpiece and a second welded workpiece; 2, determining the use length of the stirring needle; 3, fixing the first welded workpiece and the second welded workpiece; 4, positioning the stirring head; and 5, performing friction stir welding on the first welded workpiece and the second welded workpiece, namely integrally forming the upper shaft shoulder and the stirring needle, and allowing the lower shaft shoulder and the upper shaft shoulder to rotate in opposite directions. The self-maintained friction stir welding method is used for self-maintained friction stir welding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of self-sustaining friction stir welding method.
Background technology
Number of patent application is that 2010102964802 application for a patent for invention discloses a kind of " self-sustaining friction stir welding method and stirring-head thereof that upper and lower shaft shoulder diameter does not wait "; The diameter of the shaft shoulder is less than the diameter of the last shaft shoulder under being that this application stirring-head adopts, and in the welding process, the last shaft shoulder is identical with the direction of rotation of the following shaft shoulder; And the two constant speed rotation; The following shaft shoulder has played the effect of conventional friction stir welding back backing plate, but owing to the following shaft shoulder and workpiece lower surface in the welding process produce bigger frictional force, has increased the sweating heat input; And make welded piece and mixing needle all bear bigger moment of torsion, be prone to make the fracture of workpiece deformation and mixing needle.In addition; Upper and lower shaft shoulder rotation in the same way can cause asymmetric that the weld seam two layers of material flows; And then cause the asymmetric of friction Stir temperature field, joint microstructure and residual stress distribution, and finally cause joint performance asymmetric, welded bearing capacity is reduced.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is that to rotate the sweating heat input that causes in the same way big in order to solve the upper and lower shaft shoulder; Workpiece is yielding; There is fracture tendency in mixing needle, and temperature field, weld metal zone, joint microstructure and residual stress distribution are asymmetric, causes joint performance asymmetric; Reduced the problem of Welding Structure bearing capacity, a kind of self-sustaining friction stir welding method of upper and lower shaft shoulder counter-rotating is provided.
Method of the present invention realizes through following steps:
Step 1, stirring-head size are confirmed: confirm to go up shaft shoulder diameter, mixing needle diameter and shaft shoulder diameter down according to the thickness of first welded piece and second welded piece: go up shaft shoulder diameter and be welded piece thickness 2.8～3 times; The mixing needle diameter is 1～1.25 times of welded piece thickness, and following shaft shoulder diameter is 2.5～2.7 times of welded piece thickness;
Step 4, stirring-head location: stirring-head is moved to the workpiece outside position; Shaft shoulder lower surface is overlapped with the upper surface of first welded piece and second welded piece; Or go up upper surface 0.01～0.3mm that shaft shoulder lower surface is lower than first welded piece and second welded piece, the axial line of mixing needle is positioned at the interface place of first welded piece and second welded piece;
Step 5, first welded piece and second welded piece are carried out friction Stir: go up the shaft shoulder and mixing needle for being made into integration; The rotating speed of the last shaft shoulder is 200 rev/mins～3000 rev/mins; The following shaft shoulder is opposite with last shaft shoulder direction of rotation; The rotating speed of the following shaft shoulder is 200 rev/mins～3000 rev/mins, and stirring-head integral body is walked along the interface length direction of first welded piece and second welded piece with the speed of welding of 20 mm/min～1000 mm/min, accomplishes until welding.
The present invention has the following advantages: one, go up the shaft shoulder and mixing needle driving materials to be welded and flow along a certain rotation direction; The following shaft shoulder drives materials to be welded and flows in opposite direction; Neutralization to a certain degree takes place in upper and lower materials to be welded reverse flow meeting; Thereby reduce the asymmetry of friction stir welding microstructure and property, improve the mechanical property of friction stir welding.Two, go up the shaft shoulder and mixing needle moment of torsion and the moment of torsion generation partial offset of the following shaft shoulder, thereby reduce the torsional interaction of stirring-head integral body, help reducing the clamping requirement, enhance productivity materials to be welded to materials to be welded to materials to be welded.Three, the shaft shoulder and mixing needle are separated from each other down, have reduced the moment of torsion that mixing needle bore in the welding process, thereby have reduced the fracture tendency of mixing needle.Four, shaft shoulder diameter can reduce the heat input in the welding process, thereby reduce the joint softening degree less than last shaft shoulder diameter down.Five,, can weld the workpiece of multiple thickness through the relative position of the upper and lower shaft shoulder of adjustment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is structure master's cutaway view of stirring-head in the step 1 in the specific embodiment of the invention one, and Fig. 2 is step 4 stirring-head and first welded piece 4 and the relative position sketch map of second welded piece 5 when welding in the specific embodiment of the invention one.
The specific embodiment
The specific embodiment one: combine Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 that this embodiment is described, this embodiment is realized through following steps:
Step 1, stirring-head size are confirmed: confirm to go up shaft shoulder diameter phi 1, mixing needle diameter phi 2 and shaft shoulder diameter phi 3 down according to the thickness t of first welded piece 4 and second welded piece 5: upward shaft shoulder diameter phi 1 is 2.8～3 times of welded piece thickness t; Mixing needle diameter phi 2 is 1～1.25 times of welded piece thickness t, and following shaft shoulder diameter phi 3 is 2.5～2.7 times of welded piece thickness t; Select the size of the each several part of stirring-head according to the thickness of first welded piece 4 and second welded piece 5, with the shaping that guarantees weld seam and the stability of joint quality;
Step 4, stirring-head location: stirring-head is moved to the workpiece outside position; The shaft shoulder 1 lower surface is overlapped with the upper surface of first welded piece 4 and second welded piece 5; Or go up upper surface 0.01～0.3mm that the shaft shoulder 1 lower surface is lower than first welded piece 4 and second welded piece 5, the axial line of mixing needle 2 is positioned at the interface place of first welded piece 4 and second welded piece 5; The last shaft shoulder 1 lower surface is lower than first welded piece 4 and second welded piece, 5 upper surfaces, to adjust the stressing conditions of the upper and lower shaft shoulder;
Step 5, first welded piece 4 and second welded piece 5 are carried out friction Stir: go up the shaft shoulder 1 and mixing needle 2 for being made into integration; The rotating speed of the last shaft shoulder 1 is 200 rev/mins～3000 rev/mins; The following shaft shoulder 3 and the last shaft shoulder 1 direction of rotation; The rotating speed of the following shaft shoulder 3 is 200 rev/mins～3000 rev/mins; Stirring-head integral body is walked along the interface length direction of first welded piece 4 and second welded piece 5 with the speed of welding of 20 mm/min～1000 mm/min, accomplishes until welding.During welding, the upper end of the last shaft shoulder 1 is connected with the last main shaft of welding machine, and the lower end of the following shaft shoulder 3 is connected with the lower main axis of welding machine, and mixing needle penetrates the welded piece interface fully, can effectively avoid welding the formation of root defect like this.Through adjusting the gap of the shaft shoulder 1 and the following shaft shoulder 3, can realize the welding of multiple thickness workpiece.
The specific embodiment two: combine Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 that this embodiment is described; Go up shaft shoulder diameter phi 1 in the step 1 of this embodiment and be the welded piece thickness t 3 times; Mixing needle diameter phi 2 is 1 times of welded piece thickness t, and following shaft shoulder diameter phi 3 is 2.8 times of welded piece thickness t.Above-mentioned stirring-head size can guarantee the stability of appearance of weld.Other step is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment three: combine Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 that this embodiment is described, in the step 2 of this embodiment between the upper surface of lower surface and the following shaft shoulder 3 of the shaft shoulder 1 apart from T than the little 0.3mm of thickness of workpiece t.Above-mentioned numerical value makes the friction Stir best results.Other step is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment four: combine Fig. 2 that this embodiment is described, go up the upper surface 0.15mm that the shaft shoulder 1 lower surface is lower than first welded piece 4 and second welded piece 5 in the step 4 of this embodiment.Above-mentioned numerical value makes the friction Stir best results.Other step is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment five: combine Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 that this embodiment is described, the rotating speed of going up the shaft shoulder 1 in the step 5 of this embodiment is 800 rev/mins, and the rotating speed of the following shaft shoulder 3 is 800 rev/mins, and speed of welding is 200 mm/min.Above-mentioned welding parameter is the optimal processing parameter value of friction stir welding.Other step is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment six: combine Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 that this embodiment is described, the rotating speed of going up the shaft shoulder 1 in the step 5 of this embodiment is 800 rev/mins, and the rotating speed of the following shaft shoulder 3 is 600 rev/mins, and speed of welding is 150 mm/min.Above-mentioned welding parameter is the optimal processing parameter value of friction stir welding.Other step is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment seven: combine Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 that this embodiment is described, the rotating speed of going up the shaft shoulder 1 in the step 5 of this embodiment is 600 rev/mins, and the rotating speed of the following shaft shoulder 3 is 800 rev/mins, and speed of welding is 100 mm/min.Above-mentioned welding parameter is the optimal processing parameter value of friction stir welding.Other step is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment eight: combine Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 that this embodiment is described; The stirring-head of this embodiment is by the last shaft shoulder 1, mixing needle 2, the shaft shoulder 3 is formed down; Mixing needle 2 is provided with perpendicular to the lower surface of the last shaft shoulder 1, and mixing needle 2 processes one with the last shaft shoulder 1, and the following shaft shoulder 3 is sleeved on the outer surface of mixing needle 2; And the following shaft shoulder 3 and mixing needle 2 can upper and lower relatively slips, and the diameter of the following shaft shoulder 3 is less than the diameter of the last shaft shoulder 1.
Claims (7)
1. the self-sustaining friction stir welding method of a upper and lower shaft shoulder counter-rotating, it is characterized in that: said method realizes through following steps:
Step 1, stirring-head size are confirmed: confirm to go up shaft shoulder diameter (φ 1), mixing needle diameter (φ 2) and shaft shoulder diameter (φ 3) down according to the thickness (t) of first welded piece (4) and second welded piece (5): upward shaft shoulder diameter (φ 1) is 2.8～3 times of welded piece thickness (t); Mixing needle diameter (φ 2) is 1～1.25 times of welded piece thickness (t), and following shaft shoulder diameter (φ 3) is 2.5～2.7 times of welded piece thickness (t);
Step 2, confirm the use length of mixing needle: adjust distance (T) between the upper surface of lower surface and the following shaft shoulder (3) that upper and lower shaft shoulder relative position makes the shaft shoulder (1) than the little 0.01mm～0.6mm of thickness of workpiece (t), this distance (T) is the use length of mixing needle;
Step 3, fixing first welded piece (4) and second welded piece (5): with first welded piece (4) and second welded piece (5) with clamps on workbench;
Step 4, stirring-head location: stirring-head is moved to the workpiece outside position; The shaft shoulder (1) lower surface is overlapped with the upper surface of first welded piece (4) and second welded piece (5); Or go up upper surface 0.01～0.3mm that the shaft shoulder (1) lower surface is lower than first welded piece (4) and second welded piece (5), the axial line of mixing needle (2) is positioned at the interface place of first welded piece (4) and second welded piece (5);
Step 5, first welded piece (4) and second welded piece (5) are carried out friction Stir: go up the shaft shoulder (1) and mixing needle (2) for being made into integration; The rotating speed of the last shaft shoulder (1) is 200 rev/mins～3000 rev/mins; The following shaft shoulder (3) and the last shaft shoulder (1) direction of rotation; The rotating speed of the following shaft shoulder (3) is 200 rev/mins～3000 rev/mins; Stirring-head integral body is walked along first welded piece (4) and the interface length direction of second welded piece (5) with the speed of welding of 20 mm/min～1000 mm/min, accomplishes until welding.
2. according to the self-sustaining friction stir welding method of the said upper and lower shaft shoulder counter-rotating of claim 1; It is characterized in that: go up shaft shoulder diameter (φ 1) 3 times in the step 1 for welded piece thickness (t); Mixing needle diameter (φ 2) is 1 times of welded piece thickness (t), and following shaft shoulder diameter (φ 3) is 2.7 times of welded piece thickness (t).
3. according to the self-sustaining friction stir welding method of the said upper and lower shaft shoulder counter-rotating of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the distance (T) in the step 2 between the upper surface of the lower surface of the last shaft shoulder (1) and the following shaft shoulder (3) is than the little 0.3mm of thickness of workpiece (t).
4. according to the self-sustaining friction stir welding method of the said upper and lower shaft shoulder counter-rotating of claim 1, it is characterized in that: go up the upper surface 0.15mm that the shaft shoulder (1) lower surface is lower than first welded piece (4) and second welded piece (5) in the step 4.
5. according to the self-sustaining friction stir welding method of the said upper and lower shaft shoulder counter-rotating of claim 1; It is characterized in that: the rotating speed of going up the shaft shoulder (1) in the step 5 is 800 rev/mins; The rotating speed of the following shaft shoulder (3) is 800 rev/mins, and speed of welding is 200 mm/min.
6. according to the self-sustaining friction stir welding method of the said upper and lower shaft shoulder counter-rotating of claim 1; It is characterized in that: the rotating speed of going up the shaft shoulder (1) in the step 5 is 800 rev/mins; The rotating speed of the following shaft shoulder (3) is 600 rev/mins, and speed of welding is 150 mm/min.
7. according to the self-sustaining friction stir welding method of the said upper and lower shaft shoulder counter-rotating of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the rotating speed of going up the shaft shoulder (1) in the step 5 is 600 rev/mins, and (3 rotating speed is 800 rev/mins to the following shaft shoulder, and speed of welding is 100 mm/min.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010105631488A CN101979209B (en) | 2010-11-29 | 2010-11-29 | Self-maintained friction stir welding method with reversely rotation of upper and lower shaft shoulders |
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| CN2010105631488A CN101979209B (en) | 2010-11-29 | 2010-11-29 | Self-maintained friction stir welding method with reversely rotation of upper and lower shaft shoulders |
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| CN101979209B true CN101979209B (en) | 2012-05-30 |
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Cited By (1)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103128437A (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2013-06-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Stirring friction welding device avoiding forming root defects and welding method |
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| CN102848072A (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2013-01-02 | 江苏科技大学 | Double-shaft-shoulder stirring friction head comprising lower shaft shoulder at adjustable position |
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| CN112372133B (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2022-04-15 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司 | Method, device and equipment for determining size of stirring tool and readable storage medium |
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| DE10031689B4 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2004-05-06 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Split pin geometry |
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| US7686202B1 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2010-03-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Gimbaled-shoulder friction stir welding tool |
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2010
- 2010-11-29 CN CN2010105631488A patent/CN101979209B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5460317A (en) * | 1991-12-06 | 1995-10-24 | The Welding Institute | Friction welding |
| US5460317B1 (en) * | 1991-12-06 | 1997-12-09 | Welding Inst | Friction welding |
| DE10031689B4 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2004-05-06 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Split pin geometry |
| US6758382B1 (en) * | 2003-05-02 | 2004-07-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Auto-adjustable tool for self-reacting and conventional friction stir welding |
| US7686202B1 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2010-03-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Gimbaled-shoulder friction stir welding tool |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103128437A (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2013-06-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Stirring friction welding device avoiding forming root defects and welding method |
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