CN102081030A - Geotechnical model test system based on macro-micro mechanics as well as elaboration test method - Google Patents
Geotechnical model test system based on macro-micro mechanics as well as elaboration test method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a geotechnical model test system based on macro-micro mechanics as well as an elaboration test method. The test system analyzes and processes shot digital images in a model test box in real time through two analysis systems in a computer. The test method organically integrates an indoor model test, field soil observation analysis of foundation soil, partial microscopic observation analysis, numerical value simulation of microscopic mechanics and continuous-discrete coupled numerical value simulation. The invention is suitable for the test research of geotechnical engineering such as building engineering, road engineering, bridge engineering, harbor engineering, river-coast engineering and coastal engineering, can solve common engineering problems and can upgrade the understanding level and the research level to important key problems, such as the influence on extreme environmental conditions of key project construction projects and engineering catastrophes, and the like.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of Geotechnical Engineering experimental study method that is applied to capital construction projects, be specifically related to a kind of based on the mechanical models for soil and rock pilot system of grand mesomechanics and the test method that becomes more meticulous accordingly.
Background technology:
At present model test method, method for numerical simulation, on-the-spot test method are adopted in the experimental study of the rock-soil mechanics of construction work, road engineering, harbour engineering, river coastal engineering and offshore engineering more.
Model test method generally is meant under laboratory condition, carries out the phenomenon research of prototype physical system with (the amplification is in particular cases also arranged) model that dwindles, and will satisfy the similarity requirement of system between model and the prototype.Model test method can be tested macroscopic physical quantity, but can't test the microscopical structure of observation soil sample directly perceived.
Method for numerical simulation is also referred to as computer simulation, is means with the computing machine, by numerical evaluation and method for displaying image, reaches the purpose to engineering problem and physical problem and even all kinds of Study on Problems of nature; Numerical simulation comprises computing method, programming and the calculating of setting up mathematical model, efficient high-accuracy, the several steps that numerical imaging shows.Method for numerical simulation can carry out the non-individual body numerical simulation, but can't obtain the mesomechanics parameter of surface of contact by the thin sight numerical simulation based on thin sight test, carefully sees modeling.
The on-the-spot test method is the region of interest sampling and the embedded instrument of prototype engineering works at the scene, carry out physical and mechanical experiment, engineering material test, stress and deformation observation etc., construction stage and operation phase to engineering are verified verification, construction quality monitoring, whether the work proterties of buildings and foundation soil is realistic with check method for designing, calculating parameter and result of calculation during long term monitoring construction period and the operation, guarantees the safety of construction time and operation phase.The on-the-spot test method can be carried out the physical quantity observation of on-the-spot prototype, but can't carry out the microscopical structure observation test of soil sample, obtains the mesomechanics parameter of soil sample, and test becomes more meticulous.
Increasing with the Important Project construction project, the lifting of the influence research importance of extreme environmental conditions and engineering catastrophe, for this reason, need a kind of Geotechnical Engineering test method that is applicable to capital construction projects such as construction work, road engineering, science of bridge building, port engineering, river coastal engineering and offshore engineering of research.
Summary of the invention:
Have separately characteristics at above-mentioned rock earth model test method commonly used, and the limitation of applicable elements, conventional indoor model test is difficult to solve in the problem of thin observation and grand thin sight research, the invention provides simulation experiment system that a kind of mechanical models for soil and rock that are applicable to construction work, road engineering, science of bridge building, harbour engineering, river coastal engineering and offshore engineering test and based on the research method that becomes more meticulous of the grand mesomechanics of this system implementation.This pilot system and test method have field analysis, carefully see image observation and analysis, continuously-advantage of discrete coupling numerical simulation and many technological incorporation thereof, the research that can become more meticulous is particularly suitable for the difficult point to Important Project, the mechanism research of key technical problem.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Based on the mechanical models for soil and rock pilot system of grand mesomechanics, this system comprises model test case, model test charger, load measurement device, basic model, digital camera, stereomicroscope, computing machine, news lamp; In the described model test case test soil sample is set, described basic model is close to the inboard of model test case inspection surface; Described model test charger is to soil sample load application in the model test case, the load that soil sample is born in the described load measurement measurement device model test case; Described digital camera is taken the image of soil sample change procedure by model test case inspection surface, and reaches computing machine; Described stereomicroscope is used to absorb the micro-image of soil sample microscopical structure, and reaches computing machine; Described computing machine is used for data acquisition, record and analysis; Illumination when described news lamp is used for digital camera and stereomicroscope shooting.
Be provided with field analysis system and microscopical structure image analysis system in the described computing machine.
Based on the test method that becomes more meticulous of the mechanical models for soil and rock of grand mesomechanics, this method comprises the steps:
(1) satisfies the model of the mechanical models for soil and rock test of system similarity requirement between formation and the prototype, and arrange pilot system;
(2) by designing requirement soil sample and basic model in the model casing are set;
(3) physical and mechanical parameter of soil sample in the soil test, experimental test model casing;
(4) soil sample is applied first order load, measure the load that applies, measure the test data of each sensor in the experiment test device, take the change procedure of the deformation field of soil sample in the load increase process; Take the micro-image of the soil sample microscopical structure of predetermined observation station, observation data is gathered complete;
(5) image of the specimen deformation field that step (4) is taken, processing through the field analysis system can be with distortion of the mesh field picture, shear strain field picture, principal strain field picture, total displacement field picture, directions X displacement field image, the Y direction displacement field image of output soil sample after the digital image analysis;
(6) micro-image of the soil sample microscopical structure that step (4) is taken is handled through the microscopical structure image analysis system, can export the thin sight parameter of the soil sample structure of observation time point separately, and analyzes the variation and the rule of soil sample microscopical structure.
(7) carry out the grain flow PFC numerical simulation of mesomechanics,, carry out the thin sight numerical experiments of rock-soil mechanics, obtain the soil sample structural images of grain flow PFC numerical experiments based on the PFC program;
(8) carry out continuously-the discrete numerical simulation that is coupled, the native interaction with works carried out simulation test, obtain the soil sample structural images of continuous-discrete numerical experiments that is coupled based on discrete-continuous coupled analytical model of discrete element and method of finite difference;
(9) the soil sample structural images of the numerical simulation that step (7) and step (8) is obtained by the microscopical structure image analysis system is analyzed, and obtains the thin sight parameter of the soil sample structure of numerical experiments;
(10) image of the specimen deformation evolution that obtains of analytical procedure (5) is determined the observation station of soil sample structure microscopic photography;
(11) cumulative rises load, repeating step (4) arrive the design peak load to step (10) until load application.
Pilot system provided by the invention, simple and compact for structure, realize easily.
Method provided by the invention be organically blended mechanical models for soil and rock test macromechanics specificity analysis, carefully see the mechanical characteristic analysis, mesomechanics numerical simulation of image, continuously-the experimental study method that becomes more meticulous that the grand fine observation mechanical test of discrete coupling numerical simulation combines with numerical simulation.
This method be the numerical simulation of the field observation by indoor model test, foundation soil, local thin sight observation, mesomechanics, continuously-the organically blending of discrete coupling numerical simulation.The present invention compares with indoor model test, and the present invention has increased the thin sight test that combines with field analysis; Compare the present invention has increased and physical experiments, thin test the mesomechanics numerical simulation and the continuous-discrete coupling numerical simulation of fusion mutually seen with numerical experiments.Method provided by the invention can adapt to the development need of the engineering research and the research of catastrophe mechanism of construction work, road engineering, harbour engineering, river coastal engineering and offshore engineering.
Description of drawings:
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a molality type pilot system synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of the model test of the inventive method.
Fig. 3 is the inventive method midfield analytic system synoptic diagram.
Fig. 4 is a soil sample microscopical structure image analysis system synoptic diagram in the inventive method.
Fig. 5 is the relation of inclusion figure of each parameter in the micromechanism form.
Embodiment:
For technological means, creation characteristic that the present invention is realized, reach purpose and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with concrete diagram, further set forth the present invention.
Method provided by the invention is based on the model test system implementation, and its concrete structure as shown in Figure 1.
Based on the mechanical models for soil and rock pilot system of grand mesomechanics, this system comprises model test case 100, model test charger 200, load measurement device 300, basic model, digital camera 400, stereomicroscope 500, computing machine 600, news lamp 700.
Wherein model test case 100 is the whole test center, and its inside is provided with the test soil sample, and its one side that is used to observe is transparent, and this inspection surface useable glass is made.Basic model in the system is close to the inboard of model test case inspection surface, is convenient to like this observe and take pictures.
The load that soil sample is born in the 300 measurement model chambers of load measurement device, it can be proving ring, is placed on the counterforce device 800, and joins with lifting jack 201.Be very easy to the load that soil sample is born in the measurement model chamber like this.
Computing machine 600 is the data processing centre (DPC) of whole test system, is provided with field analysis system and microscopical structure image analysis system in it, these counting machine collection collection and record data, and by two analytic systems data are analyzed accordingly.
Based on the pilot system of front, test method concrete steps provided by the invention following (as shown in Figure 2):
The first step, conditions such as engineering geology, ocean and the hydrology, engineering construction project according to the engineering zone require and the engineering design requirement, carry out the modelling of mechanical models for soil and rock test, the similarity that will satisfy system between model and the prototype requires (it is not given unnecessary details for prior art) herein.
Second step, carry out the layout design of test system, load transducer, displacement transducer, foil gauge, soil pressure sensor, hole pressure sensor, foundation soil deformation field observation digital camera, soil structure carefully observe stereomicroscope, data line and receiving trap, data handling machine carry out layout design.
The 3rd step, (it is prior art by designing requirement soil sample and basic model in the model casing to be set, do not given unnecessary details) herein, with the subsides foil gauge in the experiment test device in the corresponding site of foundation structure, simultaneously by designing requirement, soil pressure sensor is set, the hole pressure sensor equals corresponding site in the soil, and load sensor and displacement transducer corresponding site are set, digital camera is set, stereomicroscope is set; The physical and mechanical parameter of soil sample in the soil test, experimental test model casing is for model test is prepared.
The 4th step, test pre-loading, the holonomic system of experimental test is carried out path and debugging.
The 5th step, on-test, apply first order load by jack pair Model Pile basis shown in Figure 1, measure the load that applies by proving ring shown in Figure 1, measure the test data of each sensor, by the change procedure of the deformation field of soil sample in the digital camera shooting load increase process, take the soil structure microscopic image of predetermined observation station by stereomicroscope, observation data is gathered complete.
In the 6th step, the image of the specimen deformation field of taking in the step 5 reaches in the computing machine, and by the processing of field analysis system, can be after the digital image analysis distortion of the mesh image, shear strain image, principal strain image, the displacement diagram picture of output soil sample.
Wherein the field analysis system handles (referring to Fig. 3) as follows accordingly:
(601) obtain the digital camera shot digital images, finish the collection of data;
(602) digital picture that obtains is handled the digital image sequence that forms the respective image form, it can be picture formats such as BMP and PPN;
(603) set up image reference mark coordinate file, finish the input of image then;
(604) carrying out the punctuate parameter picks up with identification parameter and sets;
(605) image to input carries out image binaryzation, punctuate identification and center-of-mass coordinate calculating;
(606) image of handling well is carried out coordinate conversion and image calibration;
(607) image of handling well according to step (606) carries out displacement and strain analysis;
(608) result to step (607) analyzing and processing checks, proofreaies and correct and upgrades;
(609) final result is formed the data of being convenient to post-processed, finish the output of graphical analysis and data when the time comes;
(610) carry out the aftertreatment of data, result data is carried out visualization processing and corresponding the analysis.
The 7th step, the micro-image of the soil sample microscopical structure of taking in the step 5 is delivered to microscopical structure image analysis system in the computing machine, handles, the thin sight parameter of the soil sample structure of observation time point separately be can export, and the variation and the rule of soil sample microscopical structure analyzed.
Wherein the microscopical structure image analysis system is handled (referring to Fig. 4) as follows accordingly:
(701) set up image reference mark coordinate file;
(702) obtain the corresponding digital image, finish the collection of data;
(703) carrying out the punctuate parameter picks up with identification parameter and sets;
(704) image to input carries out image binaryzation, punctuate identification and center-of-mass coordinate calculating;
(705) image of handling well is carried out coordinate conversion and image calibration;
(706) carry out the analysis of corresponding microscopical structure form.
(707) final result is formed the data of being convenient to post-processed, finish the output of graphical analysis and data when the time comes;
(708) carry out the aftertreatment of data, result data is carried out visualization processing and corresponding the analysis.
Wherein the thin sight parameter of soil sample structure mainly comprises (as shown in Figure 5):
Particle shape: grain size, particle shape, surface undulation;
Particle alignment form: grain orientation, distribution of particles;
Porosity: pore size, distribution of pores;
Particle contact relation: contact zones form, intergranular connectedness.
The 8th goes on foot, and carries out the grain flow PFC numerical simulation of mesomechanics, based on the PFC program, carries out the thin sight numerical experiments of rock-soil mechanics, obtains the soil sample structural images of grain flow PFC numerical experiments; Thereby can analyze the mesomechanics process of test body, be analyzed with the local mesomechanics process of physical experiments and extend research.
The 9th step, carry out continuously-disperse the numerical simulation that is coupled, based on discrete-continuous coupled analytical model of discrete element and method of finite difference simulation test is carried out in soil and works interaction, obtain the soil sample structural images of continuous-discrete coupling numerical experiments; Thereby can study soil and works interaction and failure mechanism and Failure Control.
The tenth step, the soil sample structural images of the numerical simulation that step 9 and step 10 is obtained by the microscopical structure image analysis system is analyzed, obtain the thin sight parameter of the soil sample structure of numerical experiments, should carefully see parameter and comprise that void ratio, particle number, particle major axis, particle minor axis, particle degree of eccentricity, particle closed area etc., analyze the variation and the rule of soil sample microscopical structure.
In the 11 step, the image of the specimen deformation evolution that step (5) is obtained is analyzed, and determines the observation station of the microscopic photography of soil sample structure.Can determine the microscopic photography observation station of soil sample structure according to the image of specimen deformation field under the ultimate load effect; Determine that principle is: the point that distortion is maximum, the point of the rate of change maximum of sex change, soil sample has the point of tangible shear failure, makes contrast points away from the no deformation point of load influence.
The 12 step applied second level load, repeated above-mentioned the 5th step to the 11 step.
The 13 step, apply third and fourth, five ... the level load, repeat the above-mentioned the 5th and go on foot to the 11 step, to designing peak load or reaching destruction, the destruction that reaches herein can be definite by reaching " load stops to increase and corresponding displacement continuation growth " until load application.
The 14 step, to the mechanical property analysis of experiments of macroscopic view observation, the field analysis of test overall process, microscopical structure analysis, numerical simulation, the grand thin sight that forms the mechanical models for soil and rock test become more meticulous research system and technical method thereof.
More than show and described ultimate principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technician of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that describes in the foregoing description and the instructions just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (3)
1. based on the mechanical models for soil and rock pilot system of grand mesomechanics, it is characterized in that described system comprises model test case, model test charger, load measurement device, basic model, digital camera, stereomicroscope, computing machine, news lamp; In the described model test case test soil sample is set, described basic model is close to the inboard of model test case inspection surface; Described model test charger is to soil sample load application in the model test case, the load that soil sample is born in the described load measurement measurement device model test case; Described digital camera is taken the image of soil sample change procedure by model test case inspection surface, and reaches computing machine; Described stereomicroscope is used to absorb the micro-image of soil sample microscopical structure, and reaches computing machine; Described computing machine is used for data acquisition, record and analysis; Illumination when described news lamp is used for digital camera and stereomicroscope shooting.
2. the mechanical models for soil and rock pilot system based on grand mesomechanics according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is provided with field analysis system and microscopical structure image analysis system in the described computing machine.
3. based on the test method that becomes more meticulous of the mechanical models for soil and rock of grand mesomechanics, it is characterized in that described method comprises the steps:
(1) satisfies the model of the mechanical models for soil and rock test of system similarity requirement between formation and the prototype, and arrange pilot system;
(2) by designing requirement soil sample and basic model in the model casing are set;
(3) physical and mechanical parameter of soil sample in the soil test, experimental test model casing;
(4) soil sample is applied first order load, measure the load that applies, measure the test data of each sensor in the experiment test device, take the change procedure of the deformation field of soil sample in the load increase process; Take the micro-image of the soil sample microscopical structure of predetermined observation station, observation data is gathered complete;
(5) image of the specimen deformation field that step (4) is taken, processing through the field analysis system can be with distortion of the mesh field picture, shear strain field picture, principal strain field picture, total displacement field picture, directions X displacement field image, the Y direction displacement field image of output soil sample after the digital image analysis;
(6) micro-image of the soil sample microscopical structure that step (4) is taken is handled through the microscopical structure image analysis system, can export the thin sight parameter of the soil sample structure of observation time point separately, and analyzes the variation and the rule of soil sample microscopical structure;
(7) carry out the grain flow PFC numerical simulation of mesomechanics,, carry out the thin sight numerical experiments of rock-soil mechanics, obtain the soil sample structural images of grain flow PFC numerical experiments based on the PFC program;
(8) carry out continuously-the discrete numerical simulation that is coupled, the native interaction with works carried out simulation test, obtain the soil sample structural images of continuous-discrete numerical experiments that is coupled based on discrete-continuous coupled analytical model of discrete element and method of finite difference;
(9) the soil sample structural images of the numerical simulation that step (7) and step (8) is obtained by the microscopical structure image analysis system is analyzed, and obtains the thin sight parameter of the soil sample structure of numerical experiments;
(10) image of the specimen deformation evolution that obtains of analytical procedure (5) is determined the observation station of soil sample structure microscopic photography;
(11) cumulative rises load, repeating step (4) arrive the design peak load to step (10) until load application.
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