CN102081030B - Geotechnical model test system based on macro-micro mechanics as well as elaboration test method - Google Patents
Geotechnical model test system based on macro-micro mechanics as well as elaboration test method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a geotechnical model test system based on macro-micro mechanics as well as an elaboration test method. The test system analyzes and processes shot digital images in a model test box in real time through two analysis systems in a computer. The test method organically integrates an indoor model test, field soil observation analysis of foundation soil, partial microscopic observation analysis, numerical value simulation of microscopic mechanics and continuous-discrete coupled numerical value simulation. The invention is suitable for the test research of geotechnical engineering such as building engineering, road engineering, bridge engineering, harbor engineering, river-coast engineering and coastal engineering, can solve common engineering problems and can upgrade the understanding level and the research level to important key problems, such as the influence on extreme environmental conditions of key project construction projects and engineering catastrophes, and the like.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of Geotechnical Engineering experimental study method that is applied to capital construction projects, be specifically related to a kind of mechanical models for soil and rock pilot system based on grand mesomechanics and the test method that becomes more meticulous accordingly.
Background technology:
At present model test method, method for numerical simulation, on-the-spot test method are adopted in the experimental study of the rock-soil mechanics of construction work, road engineering, Wharf Engineering, river coastal engineering and offshore engineering more.
Model test method generally refers under laboratory condition, carries out the phenomenal research of prototype physical system with (the amplification is in particular cases also arranged) model that dwindles, and will satisfy the similarity requirement of system between model and the prototype.Model test method can be tested macroscopic physical quantity, but can't test the microscopical structure of observation soil sample directly perceived.
Method for numerical simulation is also referred to as computer simulation, take computing machine as means, by numerical evaluation and method for displaying image, reaches the purpose to engineering problem and physical problem and even all kinds of Study on Problems of nature; Numerical simulation comprises computing method, programming and the calculating of setting up mathematical model, efficient high-accuracy, several steps that numerical imaging shows.Method for numerical simulation can carry out the non-individual body numerical simulation, but can't obtain the Micromechanical Parameters of surface of contact by the thin sight numerical simulation based on thin sight test, carefully sees modeling.
The on-the-spot test method is region of interest sampling and the embedded instrument of prototype engineering works at the scene, carry out physical and mechanical experiment, engineering material test, stress and deformation observation etc., construction stage and operation phase to engineering are verified verification, construction quality control, whether the working property of buildings and foundation soil is realistic with test design method, calculating parameter and result of calculation during long term monitoring construction period and the operation, guarantees the safety of construction time and operation phase.The on-the-spot test method can be carried out the physical quantity observation of on-the-spot prototype, but can't carry out the Meso-structure observation test of soil sample, obtains the Micromechanical Parameters of soil sample, and test becomes more meticulous.
Increasing with Major Engineering Projects, the lifting of the impact research importance of extreme environmental conditions and engineering catastrophe, for this reason, need a kind of Geotechnical Engineering test method that is applicable to the capital construction projects such as construction work, road engineering, science of bridge building, port engineering, river coastal engineering and offshore engineering of research.
Summary of the invention:
Have separately characteristics for above-mentioned rock earth model test method commonly used, and the limitation of applicable elements, conventional indoor model test is difficult to solve in the problem of thin observation and grand thin sight research, the invention provides simulation experiment system that a kind of mechanical models for soil and rock that are applicable to construction work, road engineering, science of bridge building, Wharf Engineering, river coastal engineering and offshore engineering test and based on the research method that becomes more meticulous of the grand mesomechanics of this System Implementation.This pilot system and test method have advantages of field analysis, carefully see image observation and analysis, continuously-discrete Coupled Numerical Simulation and many technological incorporation thereof, the research that can become more meticulous is particularly suitable for the difficult point to Important Project, the mechanism research of key technical problem.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Based on the mechanical models for soil and rock pilot system of grand mesomechanics, this system comprises model test box, model test charger, load measurement device, basic model, digital camera, stereomicroscope, computing machine, news lamp; The test soil sample is set in the described model test box, and described basic model is close to the inboard of model test box inspection surface; Described model test charger is to soil sample load application in the model test box, the load that soil sample is born in the described load measurement measurement device model test box; Described digital camera is taken the image of soil sample change procedure by the model test box inspection surface, and reaches computing machine; Described stereomicroscope is used for the micro-image of picked-up soil sample microscopical structure, and reaches computing machine; Described computing machine is used for data acquisition, record and analysis; Illumination when described news lamp is used for digital camera and stereomicroscope shooting.
Be provided with field analysis system and microscopical structure image analysis system in the described computing machine.
Based on the test method that becomes more meticulous of the mechanical models for soil and rock of grand mesomechanics, the method comprises the steps:
(1) satisfies the model of the mechanical models for soil and rock test of system similarity requirement between formation and the prototype, and arrange pilot system;
(2) by designing requirement soil sample and basic model in the model casing are set;
(3) physical and mechanical parameter of soil sample in the soil test, experimental test model casing;
(4) soil sample is applied first order load, measure the load that applies, measure the test data of each sensor in the experiment test device, take the change procedure of the deformation field of soil sample in the load increase process; Take the micro-image of the soil sample microscopical structure of predetermined observation station, observation data gathers complete;
The image of the specimen deformation field of (5) step (4) being taken, processing through the field analysis system can be with distortion of the mesh field picture, shear strain field picture, principal strain field picture, total displacement field picture, directions X displacement field image, the Y-direction displacement field image of output soil sample behind the Digital image analysis;
The micro-image of the soil sample microscopical structure of (6) step (4) being taken is processed through the microscopical structure image analysis system, can export the separately thin sight parameter of the soil sample structure of observation time point, and analyzes variation and the rule of soil sample microscopical structure.
(7) carry out the grain flow PFC numerical simulation of mesomechanics, based on the PFC program, carry out the thin sight numerical experiments of rock-soil mechanics, obtain the soil sample structural images of grain flow PFC numerical experiments;
(8) carry out continuously-discrete Coupled Numerical Simulation, based on discrete element and method of finite difference discrete-continuous coupled analytical model carries out simulation test to soil-structure interaction, obtain continuously-soil sample structural images that discrete Coupled Numerical Simulation is tested;
The soil sample structural images of the numerical simulation that (9) step (7) and step (8) is obtained by the microscopical structure image analysis system is analyzed, and obtains the thin sight parameter of the soil sample structure of numerical experiments;
(10) image of the specimen deformation evolution that obtains of analytical procedure (5) is determined the observation station of soil sample structure microscopic photography;
(11) cumulative rises load, repeating step (4) are to step (10), until load application is to the design peak load.
Pilot system provided by the invention, simple and compact for structure, easily realize.
Method provided by the invention be organically blended mechanical models for soil and rock test macromechanics specificity analysis, carefully see the mechanical characteristic analysis, mesomechanics numerical simulation of image, continuously-the experimental study method that becomes more meticulous that the grand fine observation mechanical test of discrete Coupled Numerical Simulation combines with numerical simulation.
The method be the numerical simulation of the field observation by indoor model test, foundation soil, local thin sight observation, mesomechanics, continuously-the organically blending of discrete coupling numerical simulation.The present invention compares with indoor model test, and the present invention has increased the thin sight test that combines with field analysis; Compare the present invention has increased and physical experiments, thin test mutually mesomechanics numerical simulation and the continuous-discrete Coupled Numerical Simulation of fusion seen with numerical experiments.Method provided by the invention can adapt to the development need of engineering research and the research of catastrophe mechanism of construction work, road engineering, Wharf Engineering, river coastal engineering and offshore engineering.
Description of drawings:
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is molality type pilot system schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of the model test of the inventive method.
Fig. 3 is the inventive method midfield analytic system schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is soil sample microscopical structure image analysis system schematic diagram in the inventive method.
Fig. 5 is the relation of inclusion figure of each parameter in the micromechanism form.
Embodiment:
For technological means, creation characteristic that the present invention is realized, reach purpose and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with concrete diagram, further set forth the present invention.
Method provided by the invention is based on the model test System Implementation, and its concrete structure as shown in Figure 1.
Based on the mechanical models for soil and rock pilot system of grand mesomechanics, this system comprises model test box 100, model test charger 200, load measurement device 300, basic model, digital camera 400, stereomicroscope 500, computing machine 600, news lamp 700.
Wherein model test box 100 is whole test center, and its inside arranges the test soil sample, and its one side that is used for observation is transparent, and this inspection surface useable glass is made.Basic model in the system is close to the inboard of model test box inspection surface, is convenient to like this observe and take pictures.
Model test charger 200 is used for test to soil sample load application in the model test box, and it is placed on the counterforce device 800, and main force application part is a lifting jack 201, and it is by soil sample load application in the 202 pairs of model test boxes in Model Pile basis.
The load that soil sample is born in the 300 measurement model chambers of load measurement device, it can be proving ring, is placed on the counterforce device 800, and joins with lifting jack 201.Be very easy to like this load that soil sample is born in the measurement model chamber.
Digital camera 400 is taken the image of soil sample change procedure by the model test box inspection surface, and reaches computing machine 600; And stereomicroscope 500 is used for the micro-image of picked-up soil sample microscopical structure, and reaches computing machine 600.
Computing machine 600 is the data processing centre (DPC) of whole pilot system, is provided with field analysis system and microscopical structure image analysis system in it, these counting machine collection collection and record data, and by two analytic systems data are analyzed accordingly.
News lamp 700 provides corresponding illumination when being used for digital camera and stereomicroscope shooting.
Based on the pilot system of front, test method concrete steps provided by the invention following (as shown in Figure 2):
The first step, the conditions such as engineering geology, ocean and the hydrology, engineering construction project according to the engineering zone require and the engineering design requirement, carry out the modelling of mechanical models for soil and rock test, the similarity that will satisfy system between model and the prototype requires (it is not given unnecessary details for prior art) herein.
Second step, carry out the layout design of test system, load transducer, displacement transducer, foil gauge, soil pressure sensor, sensor for pore water pressure, foundation soil deformation field observation digital camera, soil structure carefully observe stereomicroscope, data line and receiving trap, data handling machine carry out layout design.
The 3rd step, (it is prior art by designing requirement soil sample and basic model in the model casing to be set, do not given unnecessary details) herein, with the subsides foil gauge in the experiment test device in the corresponding site of foundation structure, simultaneously by designing requirement, soil pressure sensor is set, sensor for pore water pressure equals corresponding site in the soil, and load sensor and displacement transducer corresponding site are set, digital camera is set, stereomicroscope is set; The physical and mechanical parameter of soil sample in the soil test, experimental test model casing is for model test is prepared.
The 4th step, test pre-loading, the holonomic system of experimental test is carried out path and debugging.
The 5th step, on-test, apply first order load by jack pair Model Pile basis shown in Figure 1, measure the load that applies by proving ring shown in Figure 1, measure the test data of each sensor, take the change procedure of the deformation field of soil sample in the load increase process by digital camera, take the soil structure microscopic image of predetermined observation station by stereomicroscope, observation data gathers complete.
In the 6th step, the image of the specimen deformation field of taking in the step 5 reaches in the computing machine, and by the processing of field analysis system, can be behind the Digital image analysis distortion of the mesh image, shear strain image, principal strain image, the displacement diagram picture of output soil sample.
Wherein the field analysis system processes (referring to Fig. 3) as follows accordingly:
(601) obtain the digital picture that digital camera is taken, finish data acquisition;
(602) digital picture that obtains is processed the digital image sequence that forms the respective image form, it can be the picture formats such as BMP and PPN;
(603) set up the Image Control Point coordinate file, then finish the input of image;
(604) carrying out the punctuate parameter picks up with identification parameter and sets;
(605) image binaryzation, punctuate identification and the center-of-mass coordinate calculating are carried out in the image of input;
(606) image of handling well is carried out coordinate conversion and image calibration;
(607) image of handling well according to step (606) carries out displacement and strain analysis;
(608) result of step (607) analyzing and processing checked, proofreaies and correct and upgrade;
(609) final result is formed the data of being convenient to post-processed, finish when the time comes the output of graphical analysis and data;
(610) carry out the aftertreatment of data, result data is carried out visualization processing and corresponding the analysis.
The 7th step, the micro-image of the soil sample microscopical structure of taking in the step 5 is delivered to microscopical structure image analysis system in the computing machine, processes, the separately thin sight parameter of the soil sample structure of observation time point be can export, and variation and the rule of soil sample microscopical structure analyzed.
Wherein the microscopical structure image analysis system is processed (referring to Fig. 4) as follows accordingly:
(701) set up the Image Control Point coordinate file;
(702) obtain corresponding digital picture, finish data acquisition;
(703) carrying out the punctuate parameter picks up with identification parameter and sets;
(704) image binaryzation, punctuate identification and the center-of-mass coordinate calculating are carried out in the image of input;
(705) image of handling well is carried out coordinate conversion and image calibration;
(706) carry out the analysis of corresponding microscopical structure form.
(707) final result is formed the data of being convenient to post-processed, finish when the time comes the output of graphical analysis and data;
(708) carry out the aftertreatment of data, result data is carried out visualization processing and corresponding the analysis.
Wherein the thin sight parameter of soil sample structure mainly comprises (as shown in Figure 5):
Particle shape: grain size, particle shape, surface undulation;
Particle spread pattern: grain orientation, distribution of particles;
Porosity: pore size, distribution of pores;
Particle contact relation: contact zones form, intergranular connectedness.
The 8th goes on foot, and carries out the grain flow PFC numerical simulation of mesomechanics, based on the PFC program, carries out the thin sight numerical experiments of rock-soil mechanics, obtains the soil sample structural images of grain flow PFC numerical experiments; Thereby can analyze the mesomechanics process of test body, be analyzed with the local mesomechanics process of physical experiments and extend research.
The 9th step, carry out continuously-discrete Coupled Numerical Simulation, based on discrete element and method of finite difference discrete-continuous coupled analytical model carries out simulation test to soil-structure interaction, obtain continuously-soil sample structural images that discrete Coupled Numerical Simulation is tested; Thereby can study soil-structure interaction and failure mechanism thereof and Failure Control.
The tenth step, the soil sample structural images of the numerical simulation that step 9 and step 10 is obtained by the microscopical structure image analysis system is analyzed, obtain the thin sight parameter of the soil sample structure of numerical experiments, should carefully see parameter and comprise that void ratio, particle number, particle major axis, particle minor axis, particle degree of eccentricity, particle closed area etc., analyze variation and the rule of soil sample microscopical structure.
In the 11 step, the image of the specimen deformation evolution that step (5) is obtained is analyzed, and determines the observation station of the microscopic photography of soil sample structure.Can according to the image of specimen deformation field under the Ultimate Loads, determine the microscopic photography observation station of soil sample structure; Determine that principle is: the point that distortion is maximum, the point of the rate of change maximum of sex change, soil sample has the point of obvious shear failure, away from comparing a little without deformation point of load impact.
The 12 step applied second level load, repeated above-mentioned the 5th step to the 11 step.
The 13 step, apply third and fourth, five ... the level load, repeat above-mentioned the 5th step to the 11 step, until load application is to design peak load or reach destruction, the destruction that reaches herein can be definite by reaching " load reached zero growth and corresponding displacement continue to increase ".
The 14 step, to the Experimental Study On Mechanical Properties analysis of macroscopic view observation, the field analysis of test overall process, microscopical structure analysis, numerical simulation, the grand thin sight that forms the mechanical models for soil and rock test become more meticulous research system and technical method thereof.
Above demonstration and described ultimate principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technician of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that describes in above-described embodiment and the instructions just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (2)
1. based on the mechanical models for soil and rock pilot system of grand mesomechanics, it is characterized in that, described system comprises model test box, model test charger, load measurement device, basic model, digital camera, stereomicroscope, computing machine, news lamp; The test soil sample is set in the described model test box, and described basic model is close to the inboard of model test box inspection surface; Described model test charger is to soil sample load application in the model test box, the load that soil sample is born in the described load measurement measurement device model test box; Described digital camera is taken the image of soil sample change procedure by the model test box inspection surface, and reaches computing machine; Described stereomicroscope is used for the micro-image of picked-up soil sample microscopical structure, and reaches computing machine; Described computing machine is used for data acquisition, record and analysis; Illumination when described news lamp is used for digital camera and stereomicroscope shooting; Be provided with field analysis system and microscopical structure image analysis system in the described computing machine, the digital picture that described field analysis system acquisition digital camera is taken, finish data acquisition, the digital picture that obtains is processed the digital image sequence that forms the respective image form; Field analysis system made Image Control Point coordinate file, then finish the input of image, carry out that the punctuate parameter is picked up and identification parameter is set, the image of input is carried out image binaryzation, punctuate identification and center-of-mass coordinate calculate, the image of handling well is carried out coordinate conversion and image calibration; Carry out displacement and strain analysis according to the image of handling well again, and the result of analyzing and processing checked, proofreaies and correct and upgrade, final result is formed the data of being convenient to post-processed, finish when the time comes the output of graphical analysis and data, carry out at last the aftertreatment of data, result data is carried out visualization processing and corresponding the analysis;
Described microscopical structure image analysis system is set up the Image Control Point coordinate file, obtain corresponding digital picture, finish data acquisition, the microscopical structure image analysis system carries out the punctuate parameter and picks up with identification parameter and set, image to input carries out image binaryzation, punctuate identification and center-of-mass coordinate are calculated, the image of handling well is carried out coordinate conversion and image calibration and carries out the analysis of corresponding microscopical structure form, the microscopical structure image analysis system forms final result the data of being convenient to post-processed, finish when the time comes the output of graphical analysis and data, carry out again the aftertreatment of data, result data is carried out visualization processing and corresponding the analysis.
2. based on the test method that becomes more meticulous of the mechanical models for soil and rock of grand mesomechanics, it is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
(1) form and prototype between satisfy the model of the mechanical models for soil and rock test that system similarity requires, and layout pilot system, so that the model test charger is to soil sample load application in the model test box, the load that soil sample is born in the load measurement measurement device model test box; Digital camera is taken the image of soil sample change procedure by the model test box inspection surface, and reaches computing machine; Stereomicroscope is used for the micro-image of picked-up soil sample microscopical structure, and reaches computing machine; Be provided with field analysis system and microscopical structure image analysis system in the computing machine, be used for data acquisition, record and analysis; Illumination when news lamp is used for digital camera and stereomicroscope shooting;
(2) by designing requirement soil sample and basic model in the model test box are set;
(3) physical and mechanical parameter of soil sample in the soil test, experimental test model test box;
(4) soil sample is applied first order load, the load that measurement applies, measure the test data of load transducer, displacement transducer, foil gauge, soil pressure sensor, sensor for pore water pressure in the pilot system, take the change procedure of the deformation field of soil sample in the load increase process; Take the micro-image of the soil sample microscopical structure of predetermined observation station, observation data gathers complete;
The image of the specimen deformation field of (5) step (4) being taken, processing through the field analysis system is with distortion of the mesh field picture, shear strain field picture, principal strain field picture, total displacement field picture, directions X displacement field image, the Y-direction displacement field image of output soil sample behind the Digital image analysis;
The micro-image of the soil sample microscopical structure of (6) step (4) being taken is processed through the microscopical structure image analysis system, exports the separately thin sight parameter of the soil sample structure of observation time point, and analyzes variation and the rule of soil sample microscopical structure;
(7) carry out the grain flow PFC numerical simulation of mesomechanics, based on the PFC program, carry out the thin sight numerical experiments of rock-soil mechanics, obtain the soil sample structural images of grain flow PFC numerical experiments;
(8) carry out continuously-discrete Coupled Numerical Simulation, based on discrete element and method of finite difference discrete-continuous coupled analytical model carries out simulation test to soil-structure interaction, obtain continuously-soil sample structural images that discrete Coupled Numerical Simulation is tested;
The soil sample structural images of the numerical simulation that (9) step (7) and step (8) is obtained by the microscopical structure image analysis system is analyzed, and obtains the thin sight parameter of the soil sample structure of numerical experiments;
(10) image of the specimen deformation evolution that obtains of analytical procedure (5) is determined next observation station of soil sample structure microscopic photography;
(11) cumulative rises load, repeating step (4) are to step (10), until load application is to the design peak load.
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