CN102136614A - Self-adapting charging method for valve-regulated lead-acid storage battery - Google Patents
Self-adapting charging method for valve-regulated lead-acid storage battery Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 23
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 21
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a self-adapting charging method for a valve-regulated lead-acid storage battery, which is suitable for avoiding a large amount of water loss in a charging process. The method comprises the following steps of: charging a storage battery in a constant-current charging mode in an initial charging stage; after charging for a period of time by using a constant current, starting to acquire the rising velocity of the voltage of the storage battery; if the acquired rising velocity of the voltage of the storage battery exceeds 50 percent of the average rising velocity of the voltage of the storage battery within the period of time and the measured current voltage of the storage battery is close to a theoretical analysis oxygen voltage, reducing the current charging current to be 70 to 90 percent of the constant-current charging current; and when the measured voltage of the storage battery reaches a rated saturation voltage, performing floating charge on the storage battery.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of charge in batteries, specifically is a kind of self adaptation charging method of analysing valve control type lead-acid accumulator battery.
Background technology
Lead acid accumulator is to be composed in series by a plurality of single lattice batteries.Pitting that two topmost factors of analysing valve control type lead-acid accumulator battery life-span premature termination are positive grids and the excessive dehydration of electrolyte.Reduce 20% for non-maintaining type analysing valve control type lead-acid accumulator battery dehydration 10% capacity, 25% life-span of dehydration promptly stops.Therefore, how such storage battery reduces fluid loss and becomes the key that prolongs the analysing valve control type lead-acid accumulator battery life-span in charging process.
The principal mode of analysing valve control type lead-acid accumulator battery dehydration is to rise to cell tension 2.35V in charging voltage, the anodal water decomposition side reaction precipitated oxygen that takes place, charging voltage rises to single lattice 2.42V negative pole and separates out hydrogen, just reach and be full of 70% of piezoelectric voltage and begin precipitated oxygen from positive pole, reach and be full of 90% of voltage and begin to separate out hydrogen, charging under the normal condition is because the existence of oxygen passage between the both positive and negative polarity, oxygen can or not formed dehydration by negative pole activator reaction absorption, even arrive the voltage value that is full of electricity, when lead acid accumulator grid internal temperature was not high, the formed pressure of oxygen and hydrogen also was not enough to bursting and goes out bonnet and form a large amount of dehydrations (having only slight dehydration).But, winter in spring and autumn below room temperature (25 ℃), temperature is on the low side, sometimes even reach below-20 ℃ charging (freezing point of the electrolyte of lead acid accumulator is suitable for reaching below-25 ℃, what have reaches-40 ℃), this moment since the both positive and negative polarity liquid phase to thickness, chemical reaction velocity and ion translational speed are slower, external manifestation is that internal resistance value increases, charging electric energy power descends greatly, positive pole is reduced to below 70% of normal room temperature, negative pole reaches below 40% especially, if do not add in the initial charge stage and thermally still to use large current charge in advance, what then can cause electrochemical polarization voltage rises and the quick increase of battery comprehensive impedance the heat (Q=I of charging generation simultaneously rapidly
2Rt) increase fast, the voltage at each grid two ends is improperly in initial charge stage fast rise.
Fig. 1 is the analysing valve control type lead-acid accumulator battery constant current charge theoretical curve under room temperature (the promptly 25 ℃) condition.Wherein, constant current charge stage (being the a-b section of above-mentioned curve), the speed that battery tension rises is slower, and storage battery is accepted charging also mainly in this stage, generally can accept the 70%-85% of whole charge volume.
The electrolyte internal resistance increases with the reduction of temperature, reduces with the rising of temperature.With 25 ℃ be benchmark, 10 ℃ of every reductions, then internal resistance increases 12%～15%; It is low more that temperature is tending towards, and the amplitude that internal resistance increases strengthens.This mainly is because the cause that the ratio resistance of sulfuric acid solution and viscosity increase.
If below cryogenic conditions, charge, owing to there is not preheating, to cause the cell voltage rate of climb very fast, thereby making a point of cell voltage from the described curve arrive the time that gassing voltage b orders is significantly shortened, and make the ampere-hour number of whole charging process be less than the required ampere-hour number of battery nominal discharge capacity (110%-130% of battery capacity), promptly under cryogenic conditions, adopt first constant current, back constant voltage (promptly to gassing point, to carry out constant voltage charge at constant voltage charge usually, if constant current charge will cause a large amount of dehydrations all the time) charging method, will make that battery fills insatiable hunger; Simultaneously, because the initial stage heating is big, the later stage grid internal pressure that causes charging is bigger, and oxygen and hydrogen bursting and flush-out valve cap form a large amount of dehydrations, and fluid loss is bigger when using constant current timing charging modes.
How solving the problem of the dehydration of charging at low temperatures, is the technical barrier of this area.
As previously mentioned: charging voltage rises to single lattice 2.42V negative pole and separates out hydrogen, just reaches to be full of 70% of piezoelectric voltage and to begin precipitated oxygen from positive pole, reaches to be full of 90% of voltage and to begin to separate out hydrogen; When if battery grid internal temperature is higher, necessary decline charging current in time, otherwise gas will too much discharge a large amount of dehydrations of the too high bursting bonnet of build-up of pressure.
Though being charged to theoretic gassing voltage, every Battery pack can produce gas, but because prescription is different, each storage battery assembling pressure does not wait, the activated material on the positive/negative plate what, sulfuric acid solution concentration and deal etc. are different in the speed of reaction speed and each grid, the capital influences the height of actual gassing voltage, and the gassing voltage of every Battery pack is all different.So, monitor actual gassing voltage automatically and in time reduce charging current, too high to prevent temperature, become to reduce the important step of fluid loss.
From the storage battery constant current charge voltage typical curve of Fig. 1 as can be known, charging normal under (ambient temperature is 25 ℃) situation, the phase I at constant current charge initial stage (a-b stage) voltage rises and has linear character, its rate of climb is substantially near constant, if still take this large current charge after arriving oxygen gassing voltage b point, then the rate of climb of voltage will increase fast, and it is rapider to arrive hydrogen gassing point c rate of voltage rise.
Therefore, how avoiding reaching because of cell voltage the problem of a large amount of dehydrations that gassing point back fast rise brings in the process of charging normal, is the technical barrier that this area will solve.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of self adaptation charging method that is suitable for avoiding occurring the analysing valve control type lead-acid accumulator battery of a large amount of dehydrations in charging process.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of self adaptation charging method of analysing valve control type lead-acid accumulator battery, it comprises: adopt the constant current charge mode to charge in batteries at the charging initial stage, constant current charge begins to gather the rate of climb of battery tension after a period of time; If gather the battery tension climbing speed surpassed 50% of Mean Speed that the battery tension in described a period of time rises, and the theory that records contiguous this storage battery of current battery tension is analysed oxygen voltage (that is: the current battery tension that records and the theory of this storage battery are analysed the absolute value of difference of oxygen voltage less than 1-2V), then current charging current is reduced to the 70-90% of constant current charge electric current; When recording battery tension and reach specified saturation voltage, storage battery is carried out floating charge.
Further, in the process that the 70-90% with the constant current charge electric current charges, surpass 0.15V/5min, then current charging current is reduced by 10% if record the climbing speed of battery tension; Still surpass 0.15V/5min if record the battery tension climbing speed, then once more current charging current is reduced by 10%, so repeatedly.
Further, before constant current charge, if the internal resistance of the electrolyte storage battery when temperature is 25 ℃ in the storage battery is R
T, as the real-time internal resistance R that records storage battery
t≤ R
T, when promptly the temperature of described electrolyte is not less than 25 ℃, this storage battery is carried out constant current charge.
Further, before constant current charge, when recording R
tR
T, when promptly the temperature of described electrolyte is lower than 25 ℃, earlier with less than the charging current of 0.1C to one or more periods of this charge in batteries; Wherein, with less than the charging current of 0.1C during to a plurality of period of this charge in batteries, the charging current of day part successively increases successively; Until R
t≤ R
T, when promptly the temperature of described electrolyte is not less than 25 ℃, carry out constant current charge.
Further, with less than the charging current of 0.1C during to a plurality of period of this charge in batteries, the length unanimity of day part.
Further, the charging current in the same period big or small constant is with the convenient accumulator internal resistance size that detects.
Further, when recording described R
tDuring internal resistance when being lower than 10 ℃ greater than the temperature of described electrolyte, with less than the charging current of 0.1C to a plurality of periods of this charge in batteries, and the charging current of day part successively increases successively, to charge in batteries and preheating electrolyte, make the temperature of electrolyte arrive the optimum temperature that is suitable for charging gradually with the direct current that progressively adopts fixed size.The charging current of day part successively increases successively, can prevent the water loss problem that the too fast rising of temperature brings.
Use the charging device of the self adaptation charging method of above-mentioned analysing valve control type lead-acid accumulator battery, comprising:
The commutation supply voltage circuit;
Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit link to each other with the power output end of this commutation supply voltage circuit, are used for providing charge power supply to storage battery;
The charging sampling loop is located between the output and storage battery of described Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit, is used to detect charging current and voltage;
Charging control circuit is used to control the output voltage of described Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit, and the charging current that records by described charging sampling loop and the potentiometer real-time internal resistance R that calculates storage battery
t, with according to R
tWith R
TMagnitude relationship, adopt corresponding charging procedure.
The present invention has positive effect: the self adaptation charging method of (1) analysing valve control type lead-acid accumulator battery of the present invention is, in charging process, gather the climbing speed of battery tension, in the actual gassing point voltage of arrival, in time reduce the size of charging current, thereby avoid causing a large amount of dehydrations.Concrete grammar is: behind the constant current charge certain hour, restarting the monitoring of the climbing speed of battery tension, is that 25 ° of C are example with ambient temperature, and the f point in Fig. 2 is (with 5 series connection 20AH storage batterys, the f point voltage is about 59V, i.e. every battery 11.8V approximately, the 100AH storage battery, the f point voltage is about 60V,) the later climbing speed that begins to gather battery tension, this is because there be " empty voltage " in storage battery in the charging starting stage, and its initial rate of climb of charging is very fast, causes that easily erroneous judgement is disconnected.The acquisition method of battery tension climbing speed is in a regular time section (as 5 minutes), gather the numerical value of primary voltage, if the voltage climbing speed of gathering surpasses 50% of Mean Speed (as 0.1V/5min) that the voltage in constant current charge stage rises, and the battery tension of this moment is analysed oxygen voltage in theory, and (5 20AH series connection storage batterys are about 69V, 100AH is about 70V) near, then reduce charging current size (5 20AH series connection storage batterys reduce electric current at every turn and are about 0.1A, and 5 100AH series connection storage batterys reduce electric current at every turn and are about 0.5A); After this, confirm to reduce charging current again above 0.15V/5min and through gathering, specifically see flow chart with after removing interference if record the climbing speed of battery tension.(5 20AH series connection storage batterys are about 74V to adopt this self adaptation charge mode to arrive specified saturation voltage until the voltage of storage battery, 100AH is about 76V) after, transfer floating charge (be the de stage among Fig. 2,5 20AH series connection storage battery floating currents are about 0.5A, and 100AH is about 2.5A) to.(2) for solving the problem of the dehydration of charging at low temperatures simultaneously, when low temperature, adopt little electric current to charge in batteries, when the electrolyte temperature in storage battery reaches optimum value (being generally 25 ℃), adopt the first constant current of normal charging current, back constant voltage charge, carry out floating charge at last, until being full of; This method has been avoided " rising rapidly of electrochemical polarization voltage and the quick increase of battery comprehensive impedance, the heat (Q=I that charging simultaneously produces
2Rt) increase fast, the voltage at each grid two ends is improperly in initial charge stage fast rise " situation; thereby solved the charge problem of easy dehydration of low temperature; guaranteed the useful life of lead acid accumulator, and made the ampere-hour number of whole charging process satisfy the required ampere-hour number of battery nominal discharge capacity (110%-130% of battery capacity).The present invention is in the method for initial charge phase employing multistage low current charge, and is not only complete within the electric energy power that the connects scope under the positive and negative electrode low temperature condition, and the heat Q(Q=i that has utilized little electric current to produce
2Rt); after making that the grid temperature progressively raises; progressively strengthen electric current again; battery tension rises very slowly; and generating heat at the valve control battery internal temperature transfers large current charge to again to charging normal required temperature (this moment internal resistance in normal range (NR)), therefore can not produce a large amount of heats and dehydration.
Description of drawings
For the easier quilt of content of the present invention is clearly understood, below the specific embodiment and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of basis, the present invention is further detailed explanation, wherein
Fig. 1 is a storage battery constant current charge theoretical curve of the prior art;
Fig. 2 is the actual curve figure of the battery tension of storage battery when charging among the embodiment;
Fig. 3 be among the embodiment under low temperature environment to before the storage battery constant current charge, with the charging current curve chart of low current charge preheating storage battery;
Fig. 4 is the circuit block diagram of the self adaptation charging device of the analysing valve control type lead-acid accumulator battery among the embodiment;
Fig. 5 is the circuit theory diagrams of the self adaptation charging device of the analysing valve control type lead-acid accumulator battery among the embodiment;
Fig. 6 is the flow chart of the single-chip microcomputer in the self adaptation charging device of the analysing valve control type lead-acid accumulator battery among the embodiment.
Embodiment
(embodiment 1)
The self adaptation charging method of the analysing valve control type lead-acid accumulator battery of present embodiment comprises: adopt the constant current charge mode to charge in batteries at the charging initial stage, constant current charge a period of time (being generally 1-2 hour) back (corresponding to the point of the f among Fig. 2), the rate of climb that begins to gather battery tension; If gather the battery tension climbing speed surpassed 50% of Mean Speed that the battery tension in described a period of time rises, and the theory that records contiguous this storage battery of current battery tension is analysed oxygen voltage (corresponding to the point of the b among Fig. 2), then current charging current is reduced to the 70-90% of constant current charge electric current; When recording battery tension and reach specified saturation voltage (corresponding to the point of the d among Fig. 2), storage battery is carried out floating charge, through floating charge complete charge after a period of time.The time of floating charge is 1-24 hour, and the electric current of floating charge is 0.01-0.02C; Because the floating charge electric current is less, therefore, the voltage of floating charge is generally below storage battery gassing point voltage.In the floating charge process, when recording the temperature rising of described electrolyte, stop floating charge immediately.
In the process that the 70-90% with the constant current charge electric current charges, surpass 0.15V/5min if record the climbing speed of battery tension, then current charging current is reduced by 10%; Still surpass 0.15V/5min if record the battery tension climbing speed, charging current reduction by 10% that then once more will be current so repeatedly, when recording battery tension and reach specified saturation voltage, is carried out floating charge to storage battery.
Before described constant current charge, if the internal resistance of the electrolyte storage battery when temperature is 25 ℃ in the storage battery is R
T, the charging initial stage (that is: when being about to begin to charge) is as the real-time internal resistance R that records storage battery
t≤ R
T, when promptly the temperature of described electrolyte is not less than 25 ℃, this storage battery is carried out constant current charge, and the size of charging current is 0.1C; When the voltage of this storage battery arrives the gassing magnitude of voltage of this storage battery, carry out constant voltage charge.
Before described constant current charge, when recording R
tR
T, and R
tThe temperature that is in electrolyte is for less than between 25 ℃ of internal resistances during greater than 15 ℃ the time, then with the charging current of 0.05C to this storage battery constant current charge; If R
tThe temperature that is in electrolyte is for less than between 15 ℃ of internal resistances during greater than 10 ℃ the time, then with the charging current of 0.04C to this charge in batteries; That is: if the temperature of electrolyte is low more, initial charging current is just more little; Until R
t≤ R
T, when promptly the temperature of described electrolyte is not less than 25 ℃, adopt the charging current of 0.1C to carry out constant current charge.
Record the real-time internal resistance R of storage battery when the charging initial stage
tIn the time of between the internal resistance when temperature that is in electrolyte is 0-10 ℃, respectively with the charging current of 0.02C, 0.04C and 0.06C to this charge in batteries each 20 minutes, or charged successively 25 minutes, 15 minutes and 10 minutes, if in this process, record R
t≤ R
T, then adopt the charging current of 0.1C to carry out constant current charge immediately.If R when this process finishes
tStill greater than R
T, then adopt the charging current of 0.06-0.08C that this storage battery is continued charging, until recording R
t≤ R
TThe time, adopt the charging current of 0.1C to carry out constant current charge.
See Fig. 3, the charging initial stage is as the real-time internal resistance R that records storage battery
tIn the time of between the internal resistance of the temperature that is in electrolyte during, respectively with i for-15 ℃ to 0 ℃
1=0.01C, i
2=0.02C, i
3=0.04C and i
4The charging current of=0.06C is to this charge in batteries each 30 minutes (being T=30 minute), if record R in this process (being " the charging initial stage " among Fig. 3)
t≤ R
T, then adopt the charging current of 0.1C to carry out constant current charge (promptly entering " constant current charge stage " among Fig. 3) immediately.If R when this process finishes
tStill greater than R
T, then adopt the charging current of 0.06-0.08C that this storage battery is continued charging, until recording R
t≤ R
T, then adopt the charging current of 0.1C to carry out constant current immediately and fill.
The charging initial stage is as the real-time internal resistance R that records storage battery
tWhen being-15 ℃ internal resistance greater than the temperature of electrolyte, respectively with the charging current of 0.01C, 0.02C, 0.03C, 0.04C, 0.05C and 0.06C to this charge in batteries each 30 minutes, or charged successively 40 minutes, 35 minutes, 30 minutes, 28 minutes, 25 minutes and 20 minutes, that is: the temperature of electrolyte is low more, time hop count to this charge in batteries can suitably increase, and charging current slightly increases successively gradually in the day part; If in this process, record R
t≤ R
T, then adopt the charging current of 0.1C to carry out constant current charge immediately.If R when this process finishes
tStill greater than R
T, then adopt the charging current of 0.06-0.08C that this storage battery is continued charging, until recording R
t≤ R
T, then adopt the charging current of 0.1C to carry out constant current charge immediately.
The present invention is in the method for initial charge phase employing multistage low current charge, and is not only complete within the electric energy power that the connects scope under the positive and negative electrode low temperature condition, and the heat Q(Q=i that has utilized little electric current to produce
2Rt); after making that the grid temperature progressively raises; progressively strengthen electric current again; battery tension rises very slowly; and generate heat at the valve control battery internal temperature and to transfer large current charge again to and (be generally 0.1C to charging normal required temperature (, this temperature is generally 25 ℃, internal resistance this moment is in normal range (NR)); also can adopt the arbitrary value between the 0.1C-0.25C), therefore can not produce a large amount of heats and dehydration.
When beginning to charge, the direct current that adopts fixed size is to charge in batteries and preheating electrolyte, and the size of the current charging current of detection just can obtain the current internal resistance (R=V/I) that is recharged storage battery under the situation of fixing PWM pulsewidth.
When beginning to charge, at first detect the size of current accumulator internal resistance, thereby decision is example in the length of each little current phase time T of charging initial stage with the 100AH valve-regulated lead-acid battery by single-chip microcomputer, if every accumulator internal resistance is lower than 8m Ω (R1), then T is zero; If every accumulator internal resistance is higher than 11 m Ω (R2), then T is 30 minutes; The 80AH valve-regulated lead-acid battery is an example, and every accumulator internal resistance is lower than 10m Ω, and then T is zero; Be higher than 13 m Ω, then T is 30 minutes; The 20AH valve-regulated lead-acid battery is an example, and every accumulator internal resistance is lower than 35m Ω, and then T is zero; Be higher than 48 m Ω, then T is 30 minutes etc.; Aforementioned each routine charging current i1, i2, i3, i4, I are 0.01C, 0.02C, 0.04C, 0.06C, the big or small charging current of 0.1C (C is a battery nominal capacity) respectively.
Storage battery is in charging process, and it is relevant with the temperature of battery liquid with liberation of hydrogen voltage to analyse oxygen, that is:
V
Analyse oxygen35-0.004 * n * (Ta-25) (1) of=n * 2.
V
Liberation of hydrogen42-0.004 * n * (Ta-25) (2) of=n * 2.
In the formula: n is the quantity of battery grid connected in series, and Ta is the temperature of battery liquid;
Promptly under 25 ℃ of environment, when n=18, analyse oxygen voltage V
Analyse oxygen=42. 3 V, liberation of hydrogen voltage V
Liberation of hydrogen=43. 56 V, and along with temperature raises and reduces, temperature reduces and increases.
The initial charge stage charges to the fixed voltage that battery carries out forming after the fixed pulse width, charging voltage and electric current according to storage battery draw the real-time internal resistance of storage battery, draw the temperature of the electrolyte in this storage battery then according to the relation curve (this curve can draw by experiment) of this accumulator internal resistance value and temperature.
(embodiment 2)
See Fig. 4-6, use the charging device of the preheating charging method of above-mentioned analysing valve control type lead-acid accumulator battery, comprising: commutation supply voltage circuit 1, link to each other with the power output end of this commutation supply voltage circuit 1 be used for to storage battery provide charge power supply Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit 4, be used to the charging control circuit 2 that detects the charging sampling loop 3 of charging current and voltage and be used to control the output voltage of described Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit 4; Charging control circuit 2 is suitable for the rate of climb by described charging sampling loop 3 collection battery tensions, and charging control circuit 2 also is suitable for the real-time internal resistance R that charging current that records by described charging sampling loop 3 and the charging voltage of fixing calculate storage battery
t, to be lower than under the situation of room temperature, according to R in ambient temperature
tWith R
TMagnitude relationship, adopt corresponding charge step among the embodiment 1.
The input of rectification circuit 1 is connected with AC network, first dc output end of rectification circuit 1 links to each other with the power input of Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit 4, the power output end of Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit 4 is connected with the power input of charging sampling loop 3, the power output end of charging sampling loop 3 is used for linking to each other with storage battery, and the voltage sampling signal output of charging sampling loop 3 links to each other with the current sampling signal input with the voltage sampling signal input of charging control circuit 2 respectively with the current sampling signal output; The pulse signal output end of charging control circuit 2 links to each other 4 with the signal input end of Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit 4.
See Fig. 4, charging control circuit 2 includes single-chip microcomputer IC1, integrated package of pressure-stabilizing IC2, direct current transport and placing device IC3, buffer amplifier IC4, resistance R 4～R6, R8～R10 and capacitor C 2, single-chip microcomputer IC1 is the P87LPC767 single-chip microcomputer that inside has FLASH program storage and 4 road A/D converters, the direct current transport and placing device is that model is the integrated circuit of LM358, and buffer amplifier is that model is 4050 integrated circuits; The input of integrated package of pressure-stabilizing IC2 is connected with an output of rectification circuit 1 by resistance R 4, the output of integrated package of pressure-stabilizing IC2 is connected with the power supply VCC end of single-chip microcomputer IC1, the output of integrated package of pressure-stabilizing IC2 also is connected with the positive pole of electrochemical capacitor C2, the plus earth of electrochemical capacitor C2; Resistance R 1 is connected by the positive input terminal of resistance R 5 with direct current transport and placing device IC3 as the voltage signal sampling end with the junction of transformer T, the negative input end of direct current transport and placing device IC3 is by resistance R 6 ground connection, the output of direct current transport and placing device IC3 is connected with the signal input part AD1 of single-chip microcomputer IC1 by resistance R 8, and the output of direct current transport and placing device IC3 also is connected with its negative input end by resistance R 7; The junction of resistance R 2, R3 is connected with the signal end AD0 of single-chip microcomputer IC1 as the signal sampling end; The control signal output ends of single-chip microcomputer IC1 is connected with the input of buffer amplifier IC4 by resistance R 9, and the output of buffer amplifier IC4 is connected with the signal input end of Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit 4 by resistance R 10.
Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit 4 comprise: switching tube VMOS and transformer T; The current input terminal of switching tube VMOS is connected with the output of rectification circuit 1 and the primary coil of transformer T respectively with current output terminal, and the control end of switching tube VMOS is connected with the control signal output ends of charging control circuit 2; Transformer T secondary with as output with the charging sampling loop 3 input be connected.
Owing to detect the prerequisite of accumulator internal resistance is to detect the charging current size under fixed voltage, and charging current, the voltage of the output of the charging device of switch power supply type are to be controlled by the pwm pulse that single-chip microcomputer produces, power supply on pulse opening and closing transformer T elementary, form elementary excitation and be coupled to secondaryly again, form charging voltage and charging current through rectification then.Because pwm pulse has passed through links such as amplification, transformation, rectification, even the internal resistance of the storage battery that is recharged is identical, when unloaded, the pwm pulse of same duty ratio, differing produces same charging voltage and charging current surely.
Therefore, in order to detect the real-time internal resistance R of storage battery more exactly
t, the preferred version of employing is as follows:
At first under the situation that zero load is not charged, (that is: adopt relay K A to disconnect storage battery and charging device earlier), use single-chip microcomputer to produce pulsewidth by zero pwm pulse signal that increases gradually, to survey the height of the charging voltage of charging device output under this pulse, if this charging voltage arrives the normal voltage of setting (the high 1-2V of voltage of this voltage ratio storage battery to be charged), then stop the variation of pwm pulse width, and then control relay KA connection storage battery, and under this pwm pulse width, charge; At this moment, according to charging current, can draw the real-time internal resistance R of storage battery
tThen according to R
tWith R
TMagnitude relationship, adopt corresponding charging procedure.
The method of surveying described normal voltage is: adopt relay K A to disconnect storage battery and charging device earlier, the unloaded output voltage of charging device is through divider resistance R2, the negative input of device IC5 as a comparison after the R3 dividing potential drop, fixed standard voltage is by 2.5V accurate reference voltage IC6 (model the is MC1403) positive input of device IC5 as a comparison, increase the PWM width gradually, the negative terminal voltage of comparator IC5 is raise gradually, after the negative input voltage of comparator IC5 surpasses fixed standard voltage, comparator IC5 has output, make the INT0(P1.3 of single-chip microcomputer IC1) in fracture have no progeny in producing and stop the variation of PWM width, IC7 and IC4 are the homophase buffer amplifiers, IC7 amplifies the high-low level of the P0.2 mouth output of single-chip microcomputer IC1 the coil of rear drive relay K A, with the break-make of control relay KA, this charging device connects or the disconnection storage battery thereby control.This method is the demarcation of initial charge voltage.After obtaining normal voltage, by described P0.2 mouth engage relay KA and detect the internal resistance that the size of electric current under this normal voltage can draw storage battery,, adopt corresponding charging procedure among the embodiment 1 again according to the internal resistance size.
At first provide steady direct current to compress into capable circuit supply by rectification and filtering by electric main; Pwm pulse generation and timing control circuit are then controlled the size of initial charge current size, time length and normal charging current; Charging and temperature, electric current, voltage sampling loop are used for producing current voltage height between charging current, sampling initial charge phase ambient temperature, sampling charging current size and charge period; Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit amplify the back with the pwm pulse of single-chip microcomputer parallel port output and promote the work of high-power V metal-oxide-semiconductor, the switch high-frequency transformer with rectification after the high pressure transformation be charging required voltage and electric current.
The parallel port P0.1 of single-chip microcomputer IC1 sends pwm pulse, and pulse frequency is about 20KHz.Pwm pulse provides Switching Power Supply pulse transformer T required driving pulse frequency, make charger produce charging required pulse peak current, under the constant situation of each pwm pulse frequency, pulse duration is narrow, between arteries and veins width wide then to produce charging current little, otherwise charging current is big.Length scale between the pulsewidth arteries and veins, by the PWM generator software assignment change of P0.1 mouth, but pulse frequency is constant, promptly changes the big or small size that just can control charging current between pwm pulse pulsewidth and arteries and veins.Regularly then finish by software cycles or single-chip microcomputer timer internal.Single-chip microcomputer produces the 20KHz pulse, after the homophase buffering amplification through resistance R 9 isolation and IC4, directly driving switch pipe VMOS carries out switch on and off after resistance R 10 current limlitings, thereby will be transformed to the required pulse voltage of Switching Power Supply through the high direct voltage that the alternating current 220V rectification obtains, Switching Power Supply pulse transformer T secondary obtains the lower pulse voltage crossed through transformation, after rectifier diode D1 rectification and electrochemical capacitor C1 filtering, provide the charge in batteries required voltage.
The charging current size, is gathered by the A/D1 of single-chip microcomputer IC1 end after the amplification of direct current transport and placing device IC3 as the anode input of direct current transport and placing device IC3 by the voltage of sampling resistor R1 one end (being the contact Q among Fig. 4).Voltage sample is to be gathered by the A/D0 end of single-chip microcomputer IC1 after charging voltage process divider resistance R2, the R3 dividing potential drop between charge period, to obtain charging voltage value, and in time transfer constant voltage charge and floating charge to according to this charging voltage value, arrive setting voltage value after, stop whole charging process.
Single-chip microcomputer IC1 also can use inside to have the P87LPC768 chip of FLASH program storage and 4 road A/D converters and 4 road pwm pulse generators, transport and placing device IC3 can use the LM358 integrated circuit, buffer IC4, IC7 use 4050 integrated circuits, and pressurizer IC2 uses 7805 integrated circuits.
The foregoing description only is for example of the present invention clearly is described, and is not to be qualification to embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here need not also can't give exhaustive to all execution modes.And these belong to conspicuous variation or the change that spirit of the present invention extended out and still are among protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the self adaptation charging method of an analysing valve control type lead-acid accumulator battery is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Adopt the constant current charge mode to charge in batteries at the charging initial stage, constant current charge begins to gather the rate of climb of battery tension after a period of time;
If gather the battery tension climbing speed surpassed 50% of Mean Speed that the battery tension in described a period of time rises, and the theory that records contiguous this storage battery of current battery tension is analysed oxygen voltage, then current charging current is reduced to the 70-90% of constant current charge electric current;
When recording battery tension and reach specified saturation voltage, storage battery is carried out floating charge.
2. the self adaptation charging method of analysing valve control type lead-acid accumulator battery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the process that the 70-90% with the constant current charge electric current charges, surpass 0.15V/5min if record the climbing speed of battery tension, then current charging current is reduced by 10%; Still surpass 0.15V/5min if record the battery tension climbing speed, then once more current charging current is reduced by 10%, so repeatedly.
3. the self adaptation charging method of analysing valve control type lead-acid accumulator battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Before constant current charge, if the internal resistance of the electrolyte storage battery when temperature is 25 ℃ in the storage battery is R
T, as the real-time internal resistance R that records storage battery
t≤ R
TThe time, this storage battery is carried out constant current charge;
Before constant current charge, when recording R
tR
TThe time, earlier with less than the charging current of 0.1C to one or more periods of this charge in batteries; Wherein, with less than the charging current of 0.1C during to a plurality of period of this charge in batteries, the charging current of day part successively increases successively; Until R
t≤ R
TThe time, carry out constant current charge.
4. the self adaptation charging method of analysing valve control type lead-acid accumulator battery according to claim 3 is characterized in that: with less than the charging current of 0.1C during to a plurality of period of this charge in batteries, and the length unanimity of day part.
5. the self adaptation charging method of analysing valve control type lead-acid accumulator battery according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the charging current in the same period big or small constant.
6. the self adaptation charging method of analysing valve control type lead-acid accumulator battery according to claim 4 is characterized in that: when recording described R
tDuring internal resistance when being lower than 10 ℃ greater than the temperature of described electrolyte, with less than the charging current of 0.1C to a plurality of periods of this charge in batteries, and the charging current of day part successively increases successively.
7. the self adaptation charging method of analysing valve control type lead-acid accumulator battery according to claim 4 is characterized in that: if in the floating charge process, when recording the temperature rising of described electrolyte, stop floating charge immediately.
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| CN103956531B (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2015-12-09 | 河北科技大学 | Lead acid accumulator super-large current spike charge control method |
| CN107104477A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-08-29 | 深圳市鑫彩翼科技有限公司 | A kind of battery charge intelligence control system and method |
| CN110828913A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2020-02-21 | 台达电子工业股份有限公司 | Battery charging method and charging system thereof |
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| JP2003308883A (en) * | 2002-04-17 | 2003-10-31 | Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd | Storage battery charging method |
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| US5469043A (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 1995-11-21 | Gnb Battery Technologies Inc. | Method for optimizing the charging of lead-acid batteries and an interactive charger |
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| CN103956531B (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2015-12-09 | 河北科技大学 | Lead acid accumulator super-large current spike charge control method |
| CN107104477A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-08-29 | 深圳市鑫彩翼科技有限公司 | A kind of battery charge intelligence control system and method |
| CN110828913A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2020-02-21 | 台达电子工业股份有限公司 | Battery charging method and charging system thereof |
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