CN102137616A - 确定焦距的透明内窥镜头 - Google Patents

确定焦距的透明内窥镜头 Download PDF

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CN102137616A
CN102137616A CN2009801320413A CN200980132041A CN102137616A CN 102137616 A CN102137616 A CN 102137616A CN 2009801320413 A CN2009801320413 A CN 2009801320413A CN 200980132041 A CN200980132041 A CN 200980132041A CN 102137616 A CN102137616 A CN 102137616A
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conduit
transparent
focimeter
imaging device
imaging
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CN102137616B (zh
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S·C·雅各布森
F·史密斯
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Raytheon Co
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00147—Holding or positioning arrangements
    • A61B1/00148—Holding or positioning arrangements using anchoring means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00064—Constructional details of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/00071—Insertion part of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/0008—Insertion part of the endoscope body characterised by distal tip features
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00064—Constructional details of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/00071—Insertion part of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/0008—Insertion part of the endoscope body characterised by distal tip features
    • A61B1/00082—Balloons
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00163—Optical arrangements
    • A61B1/00174—Optical arrangements characterised by the viewing angles
    • A61B1/00177—Optical arrangements characterised by the viewing angles for 90 degrees side-viewing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00163—Optical arrangements
    • A61B1/00188—Optical arrangements with focusing or zooming features
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/012—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor characterised by internal passages or accessories therefor
    • A61B1/015—Control of fluid supply or evacuation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
    • A61B1/05—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances characterised by the image sensor, e.g. camera, being in the distal end portion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
    • A61B1/05—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances characterised by the image sensor, e.g. camera, being in the distal end portion
    • A61B1/051—Details of CCD assembly

Abstract

本发明涉及一种构造成使物体基本上对焦地成像的导管。成像装置被布置在导管的远端上。成像装置具有位于成像装置前方的有效焦平面。该导管还包括具有定位在成像装置的有效焦平面的外边界处的透明焦点仪，以使与透明焦点仪的外边界接触的物体能够基本上对焦地成像。

Description

确定焦距的透明内窥镜头
优先权
本申请要求于2008年6月18日提交的、题为“Transparent EndoscopeHead Defining a Focal Length”的美国临时专利申请No.61/132,566的优先权，其全部内容并入本申请中作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种医用设备，更具体地涉及微型现场成像装置和所述装置的操作方法。
背景技术
本发明一般地涉及内窥镜检查的领域。更具体地，本发明涉及改善的内窥镜检查成像和导管成像。
小型成像装置在医疗诊断和治疗应用中已变得特别有用。以前只有通过外科手术才能看见的人体解剖部分现在能通过微创导管看见，前提是能够制造小到足以看见目标解剖结构的成像装置。
人们已发现了很小的成像装置的其它用途。例如，此类装置可能是监视应用、对装置内的条件和功能的监控以及如航空航天领域中存在的对尺寸和重量要求高的成像需求中等使用和希望的。
虽然本发明适用于前述领域以及另外的领域，但可以使用医疗成像应用来有利地说明本发明的独特优点。很久以来人们便希望在小口或管腔空间的远端在生物、尤其是人的解剖结构内的部位处提供成像。为此目的人们开发出了各种类型和子类型的内窥镜。
成像技术中的一个显著进步是单个构件尺寸的不断缩小。目前，电荷耦合器件(CCD)、例如微型照相机能够被制造成配合在尺寸接近几个线束的导管的端部上。透镜、光纤和微型外科手术设备也能够以微型尺寸制造。然而，这些装置虽然实用并且越来越有效，但是会很难定位以适当地使目标组织的小区域成像。
例如，很小的癌细胞趋向于在肺的较大呼吸管内开始。它在早期可能仅影响少数细胞，覆盖不过20-40微米跨度的距离。由于在癌细胞快速生长并变得相当大之前在该早期对该问题进行成像和诊断是有利的，所以重要的是能够接近、定位这些小区域并使其成像。如果能够找到这些位置并且成像装置能够被适当地定位、聚焦和成像，则高分辨率的成像能够有效地显示出这些细胞。在例如小癌细胞的情形中——其中细胞群位于大通道中——该过程更为复杂。虽然可为该程序使用更大的内窥镜，但小导管会明显减小对患者的创伤和束缚。目前，要求使用者以反复试验的方式前后、左右地反复移动小导管或内窥镜以在微型照相机的焦距内获取目标区域。通常，该过程得到的图像没有完全对焦(焦距对准，准确对焦)并可能难以进行诊断。
发明内容
已经意识到，开发一种能够容易、有效地定位以使目标物体能被基本上聚焦地成像的导管是有利的。
简而言之，一般而言，本发明涉及一种构造成使物体基本上对焦地成像的导管。成像装置被布置在导管的远端上。成像装置具有位于成像装置前方的有效焦平面。导管还包括透明焦点仪/焦距确定装置(focalinstrument)，该透明焦点仪的外边界定位在成像装置的有效焦平面处以使与透明焦点仪的外边界接触的物体能够基本上对焦地成像。
附图说明
从以下结合附图的描述和所附权利要求将显见本发明。应当理解的是，这些附图仅示出本发明的示例性实施例，因此不应认为它们限制了本发明的范围。可容易地理解的是：在附图中大体描述和示出的本发明构件可按大量不同的构型布置和设计。但仍将通过使用附图来更加具体和详细地描述和说明本发明，在附图中：
图1是按照本发明的原理的示例性导管的示意图；
图2a是图1的导管的一个实施例的侧视图；
图2b-2d是图1的导管的另外的实施例的侧视图；
图3b-3b是图1的导管的另外的实施例的侧视图；
图4是按照本发明的一个实施例的、具有用于定位成像装置的能膨胀的囊的导管的示意图；
图5是按照本发明的一个实施例的、具有作为透明焦点仪的能膨胀的囊的示例性导管的示意图；
图6a和6b是图4的导管的一个实施例的侧视图；
图6c和6d是图4的导管的又一实施例的侧视图；
图7a和7b是图5的导管的一个实施例的侧视图；
图8是图2a的成像装置的一个实施例的透视图；以及
图9是根据本发明的一个实施例的、使用导管进行成像的方法的流程图。
现将参考所示的示例性实施例，并且文中将使用具体的语言来描述示例性实施例。但是应理解，不应由此对本发明的范围形成限制。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的示例性实施例的详细说明参照附图，附图形成所述说明的一部分并通过图解示出可实施本发明的示例性实施例。虽然足够详细地描述了这些示例性实施例以使本领域技术人员能够实施本发明，但是应当理解的是，也可以实现其它实施例并且可在不背离本发明的精神和范围的前提下对本发明作出各种更改。因而，以下对图1至9所示的本发明实施例的更详细的说明并非旨在限制本发明要求保护的范围，而只是为了说明并足以使本领域技术人员能够实施本发明。因此，本发明的范围只由所附权利要求限定。
通过参照附图将最好地理解以下的详细描述和本发明的示例性实施例，本发明的元件和特征在各附图中均由附图标记表示。在对本发明的描述和权利要求中使用以下术语。
单数形式的“一”和“所述”也包括复数表述，除非在上、下文中明确指出不是这样。因此，例如，“一照相机装置”的表述包括一个或多个此类的照相机装置，而“一能膨胀的囊”的表述包括一个或多个此类能膨胀的囊。
如文中所用，“导管”是指设计成在生物的解剖结构内或在其它存在成像、监视或其它需要的适当系统内进行成像的各种导管或内窥镜检查系统中的任一种。在一个实施例中，导管可包括具有用于以高分辨率对很小的部位进行成像的GRIN透镜和SSID芯片的微型导管。如本领域普通技术人员显而易见的，也可以结合其它成像系统。
如文中所用，“有效焦平面”或主焦平面是指在照相机/成像装置前方的前部位置，物体在该位置基本上锐(强、准)聚焦或“对焦”。该位置不应当是空间中的单个点，该焦点应当是指成像装置可以在其中使物体基本上对焦地成像的二维或三维区域。如果光照条件合适，与照相机相距该距离成像的物体能够具有比在更近或更远的距离成像的物体更高的分辨率和更高的清晰度。本领域技术人员会理解，该有效焦平面随不同的照相机和成像装置变化。
如文中所用，“成像装置”是指各种导管和内窥镜检查成像装置、照相机系统、纤维束(fiber bundles)和本领域中公知的其它此类装置中的任一种。例如，如下面将更详细地描述的，成像装置可包括具有成像阵列和透镜的SSID。
如文中所用，示例性实施例中的“固态成像装置”或SSID总体上包括用于获取图像数据的成像阵列或像素阵列，还可包括与成像阵列电联接的导电衬垫，所述导电衬垫有利于它们之间的电连通。在一个实施例中，SSID可包括其中制造有特征结构的硅或其它半导体基板或非晶硅薄膜晶体管(TFT)。在另一实施例中，SSID可包括涂覆有半导体材料的非半导体基板或其它相当的结构。所述特征结构可包括成像阵列、导电衬垫、微量金属(metal trace)、电路等。也可以为期望应用设置其它的集成电路构件。然而，无需设置所有这些构件，只要存在获取可视数据或光子数据的装置以及发送该数据以提供可视图像或图像再现的装置即可。
“GRIN透镜”或“梯度折射率透镜”是指一种具有沿径向从中心光轴向透镜外径变化的折射率的特制透镜。在一个实施例中，这种透镜可构造成柱形，其中光轴从第一平面(端面)延伸至第二平面。因此，由于从光轴起沿径向方向的不同折射率，这种形状的透镜可模拟形状更加常规的透镜的效果。在一个实施例中，将这种透镜称为GRIN棒透镜。然而，可设想到在此使用其它适当的GRIN透镜系统。
如文中所用，为了方便可在一公共的列表中列出大量的产品、结构元件、组成元件和/或材料。然而，这些列表应解释为：列表的每个部件都被独立地视为分离的、唯一的部件。因此，在无相反说明的情况下，此类列表中的单个部件不应仅由于被列在公共的组中而被解释为同一列表的任何其它部件的实际等同物。
参考图1，本发明实施为总体上以100示出的导管，其包括成像装置和在导管的远端联接到导管的透明焦点仪102。透明焦点仪的外边界定位在成像装置的有效焦平面处。如图所示，该透明焦点仪的外边界可被定位成与身体组织104接触使得身体组织能够被置于为成像而“对焦”的位置。
由于目标身体组织可能位于比较大的身体通道内并且导管比较小，如图1所示，所以，例如在很大的身体通道的自由空间内，经常难以将导管100定位在适当位置以能够将目标区域定位成相对于照相机“对焦”。然而，由于导管系统的性质，在沿弯曲的身体通道和空穴引导时导管的远端与身体组织频繁接触。当沿身体通道例如肺、静脉或胃肠(GI)系统引导半柔性导管时，导管的远端在被引导过弯角时一般会与这些通道的外缘接触。在这些接触点处，具有透明焦点仪的导管能够以详细和精确对焦的方式使这些通道的外壁有效地成像。
成像装置可包括各种照相机和透镜装置。在一个示例性实施例中，成像装置可包括SSID芯片132和GRIN棒透镜130，如图8所示。SSID可包括其中制造有特征结构的硅或其它半导体基板或非晶硅薄膜晶体管(TFT)。在另一实施例中，SSID可包括涂覆有半导体材料的非半导体基板或其它相当的结构。可在其中制造出包括成像阵列134、导电衬垫(未示出)、微量金属(未示出)、电路(未示出)等的特征结构。关于导电衬垫，在导电衬垫与控制装置(umbilical)或导管体的导线之间的连接可以通过钎焊、引线接合/丝焊、凸点焊、共晶接合/共晶焊、电镀和导电环氧树脂进行。然而，在电气控制装置与导电衬垫之间不具有引线接合的直接焊接连接是优选的，因为其能够在电气连接断开风险更小的情况下实现良好的转向性。在一个实施例中，控制装置的导线能够为SSID提供电力、接地、时钟信号和输出信号。也可以为期望的应用设置其它集成电路元件，例如发光二极管(LED)，以便为GRIN棒透镜周围的区域提供光。无需设置所有这些元件，只要存在获取和发送可视数据的图像装置以及某些设置成将获取和发送数据的装置连接到可视数据信号处理器上的装置即可。还可以设置其它元件，例如控制装置、壳体、适配器、多功能引导装置等，尽管它们在图8中未示出。SSID 132可以是任何固态成像装置，例如CCD、CID或CMOS成像装置。同样，GRIN棒透镜130可在弯曲表面上被涂覆有不透明涂层以防止光在距SSID最远端的平面以外处进入透镜。类似的微照相机组件的操作和结构细节的其它原理可在美国专利申请No.10/391,489、No.10/391,490、No.11/292,902和No.10/391,513中找到，这些申请皆整体并入本申请中作为参考。
现参考图2a-3b，其中示出按照本发明原理的透明焦点仪的不同实施例。导管100包括成像装置106。透明焦点仪102联接到照相机，例如，透明焦点仪可如图2a-2b所示地联接到成像装置，或如图2c-3b所示地联接到导管体。透明焦点仪构造成其外边界定位成距离大致等于从成像装置到成像装置的有效焦平面的距离。该距离以103表示。
由于不同的照相机系统可具有不同的视角，所以该透明焦点仪可分别具有不同的形状、轮廓、长度和其它此类特性。图2a-3b的示例性实施例旨在作为实例进行展示，并非旨在包括可能的透明焦点仪的所有类型、形状或尺寸。
透明焦点仪102可以是中空隔离结构、实心隔离结构、能膨胀的或膨胀的囊或其它此类对本领域技术人员来说将显而易见的装置。隔离结构可由玻璃或透明聚合物组成，所述透明聚合物包括普通透明塑料例如聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯或PET。
在单个导管上可设置多个成像装置106，如图3a-3b所示。因此，透明焦点仪102可构造成使其外边界位于每个成像装置的有效焦平面处。当执行特定的内窥镜检查程序时，包括能够沿侧向成像的成像装置可能是有利的。通常，导管装置对导管体的柔性有限制，这便限制了装置在处于小而狭窄的通道内时转弯和面向侧向物体的能力。由此，通过分别包括面向一个或多个侧向方向的成像装置以及一个或多个透明焦点仪，可以沿身体的狭窄通道向下引导导管同时使身体通道的壁“对焦”地成像。
在另一实施例中，导管100可包括本领域中公知的转弯装置。该转弯装置(未示出)可辅助将导管引导到身体的目标区域并使导管远端——包括成像装置106和透明焦点仪102——朝向目标物体或区域转弯。该转弯装置可帮助使用者将透明焦点仪的边界准确地定位成与期望的组织接触。
图4示出根据本发明的一个实施例的导管100，该导管100通过身体通道104引导。在该示例性情形中，身体通道明显大于导管，使得透明焦点仪不会与通道壁自然接触。可使联接到导管的能膨胀的囊110膨胀以迫使透明焦点仪与通道壁接触。这种囊可通过本领域中目前公知的方法和材料来设计和制造。
图6a-6b示出在图4中示出的能膨胀的囊110的功能。如图所示，导管可包括具有透明焦点仪102g的、侧向定向的成像装置106。能膨胀的囊116被布置在与成像装置相对的一侧上并被附接到一流体源118上，该流体源构造成利用流体使囊116膨胀和收缩。如图6a所示，透明焦点仪102g最初并不与身体通道壁104接触。图6b示出被引入囊的流体120。该流体可包括空气、氧气、盐溶液或本领域公知的其它流体。随着囊116被充入流体，透明焦点仪102g定位成与通道壁104接触。显而易见，囊可根据使用者的需要包括各种不同的形状和尺寸。在一个实施例中，该囊在膨胀时可以是非球形的，以允许流体在身体通道内通过，如图4所示。在另一实施例中，导管可包括超过一个能膨胀的囊，所述囊均可选择性地膨胀以将透明焦点仪102定位成与目标物体/位置接触。在另一实施例中，该囊包括超环面或环面结构以允许流体通过以其它方式阻塞的容器。
现参照图6c至6d，示出了侧向定位透明焦点仪的不同方法。在该实施例中，图6a和6b所示的囊被一件预成型的线117代替，所述线117在从导管100伸出时形成一使透明焦点仪102g移动以与目标物体/位置接触的线圈。在一个实施例中，该预成型的线包括形状记忆合金，例如镍钛合金/镍钛诺(Nitinol)。在本发明的一方面，可沿着导管体的一侧纵向布置多个成像装置连同相应的焦点仪和定位装置。这样，操作者可在导管在患者体内前行时捕捉大量患者体内的图像。
图5示出根据本发明的一个实施例的导管100，其中透明焦点仪的形式为能膨胀的透明囊112。当膨胀时，能膨胀的透明囊的外边界定位在成像装置的有效焦平面处，以使物体能与透明焦点仪的外边界接触从而以基本上对焦的方式被成像。使用柔性的透明囊作为透明焦点仪，由于囊的较低体积和柔性而允许导管保持微型尺寸。此外，透明囊112可用作成像装置106的光学环境，来替代可能阻碍成像装置的成像路径的流体以及其它材料。
图7a-7b示出根据本发明的一个实施例的、图5的透明囊的功能。在本发明的一方面，导管100包括从导管100的远端延伸到导管的侧部的内腔124。当收缩时，透明囊122可沿着导管体放置，如图7a所示，有效地堵住内腔124在导管体的侧部上的开口。如图7b所示，当膨胀时，透明囊122可形成透明焦点仪，其中从成像装置106至能膨胀的囊的外边界的距离103等于成像装置至其焦平面的距离。当处于膨胀状态时，内腔124通入经患者脉管(体内导管)的流体通道126。有利地，虽然导管100的远端有效地阻塞任何通过患者脉管的流体通道，但内腔124起到流体临时通道的作用。虽然示出了单个囊成像装置组合，但应理解，本发明可以包括多个此类组合。在本发明的一个示例性实施例中，导管可包括四个围绕导管体周边放置的四个此类组合。这四个透明囊均可选择性地膨胀，所述膨胀可同时进行或分开进行，以使身体器官或身体通道的壁成像。此外，透明囊成像装置组合可放置成向前定向，如图5所示。可利用空气、氧气、盐溶液或带囊导管插入术领域中常用的其它流体使囊膨胀。
在另一实施例中，成像装置包括多个微型照相机和附接其上的相应透明焦点仪，所述多个照相机各自具有不同的有效焦距。一方面，所述多个成像装置之一具有大于其它成像装置的视野。另一方面，所述多个成像装置之一具有放大能力。再一方面，为适合具体应用，所述多个成像装置可以定向成互相平行，也可以按不平行定向的方式构造。GRIN透镜显微镜组件的其它操作原理和结构细节可在2008年1月1日递交的题为“GrinLens Microscope System”的美国专利申请No.12/008,486中找到，该申请整体并入本申请作为参考。
图9是使用导管成像的方法的流程图。该方法首先包括：提供带有透明焦点仪的导管，该透明焦点仪的外边界定位在成像装置的有效焦平面处。该透明焦点仪可具有以上详细描述的各种结构210。接下来，该方法包括：将透明焦点仪的外边界定位成与目标物体接触以使与透明焦点仪的外边界接触的目标物体基本上对焦地成像220。可使用各种方法和装置来将透明焦点仪定位成与目标物体接触。除了上述方法和装置以外，还可以使导管体绕其纵轴线转动，和/或成像装置可包括转弯装置、例如压电致动器，以使成像装置倾斜和/或移动。此外，在某些照相机中可以修改照相机的焦距，同时相应修改在成像装置与透明焦点仪外边界之间的距离。最后，通过成像装置使目标物体成像230。在本发明的一个实施例中，成像装置可以持续地成像，以便记录并向使用者显示现场图像。可供选择地，成像装置可包括其它特征，其中选择性地取得增强的图像，所述图像可供分析和观察以帮助诊断和分析。
有利地，本发明的实施例包括用于导管的透明焦点仪以帮助医疗人员使与透明焦点仪接触的物体基本上“对焦”地成像。因而，可以通过操纵透明焦点仪使其与目标组织/物体接触来实现改善的导管成像。这种操纵可以减少在身体通道/空穴内对导管远端操纵的反复试验过程。这可以允许使用者在更短的时间内以更高的分辨率对更多组织成像，这是因为透明焦点仪能够通过可能病变的区域或者在沿通道向下引导时被快速、反复地定位在通道壁上。此外，该装置能够明显提高导管以更高的精确度和提高的清晰度对关键组织例如可能癌变的细胞/区域成像的能力，从而提高使用者对病症进行诊断和治疗的能力。由此，该装置能够极大地提高医生检测各种处于早期阶段的疾病和病变的能力。
虽然前述实例在一个或多个具体应用中说明了本发明的原理，但本领域技术人员显而易见的是，在不作出创造性劳动的情况下，可以在不脱离本发明的原理和概念的前提下对实施方案的形式、用途和细节作出多种修改。因此，除下述权利要求的限制之外，不应对本发明进行限制。

Claims (20)

1.一种构造成用于使物体基本上对焦地成像的导管，包括：
a)成像装置，该成像装置布置在所述导管的远端上，所述成像装置具有位于所述成像装置前方的有效焦平面；以及
b)联接到所述导管上的透明焦点仪，所述透明焦点仪的外边界定位在所述成像装置的所述有效焦平面处，使得与所述透明焦点仪的所述外边界接触的物体能被基本上对焦地成像。
2.根据权利要求1的导管，其特征在于，所述透明焦点仪是透明隔离结构。
3.根据权利要求2的导管，其特征在于，所述透明隔离结构由选自以下材料的材料构成：聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯或PET。
4.根据权利要求1的导管，其特征在于，所述透明焦点仪是透明的能膨胀的囊。
5.根据权利要求4的导管，其特征在于，所述成像装置被布置在所述能膨胀的囊内，其中在膨胀时所述能膨胀的囊的外边界构造成定位在所述成像装置的所述有效焦平面处。
6.根据权利要求5的导管，其特征在于，所述导管还包括开口通道，所述开口通道构造成允许在所述导管中的第一孔口与所述导管的远端上的第二孔口之间的流体连通。
7.根据权利要求6的导管，其特征在于，所述能膨胀的囊构造成当收缩时覆盖所述导管的所述第一孔口以限制所述开口通道中的流体连通。
8.根据权利要求1的导管，其特征在于，所述成像装置包括含成像阵列的SSID和与所述SSID的成像阵列光学耦合的GRIN透镜。
9.根据权利要求8的导管，其特征在于，所述透明焦点仪联接到所述GRIN透镜上。
10.根据权利要求1的导管，其特征在于，所述成像装置包括至少两个成像装置。
11.根据权利要求1的导管，其特征在于，所述导管包括构造成选择性地使所述导管的远端在多个方向上转弯的转弯装置。
12.根据权利要求1的导管，其特征在于，所述成像装置构造成在侧向方向上成像。
13.一种构造成用于使物体基本上对焦地成像的导管，包括：
a)成像装置，该成像装置布置在所述导管的远端上，所述成像装置具有位于所述成像装置前方的有效焦平面；
b)联接到所述导管上的透明焦点仪，所述透明焦点仪的外边界定位在所述成像装置的所述有效焦平面处，使得与所述透明焦点仪的所述外边界接触的目标物体能被基本上对焦地成像；以及
c)定位装置，所述定位装置被布置在所述导管的远端附近并构造成选择性地将所述透明焦点仪定位成与目标物体接触。
14.根据权利要求13的导管，其特征在于，所述定位装置包括能膨胀的囊。
15.根据权利要求13的导管，其特征在于，所述定位装置包括布置在所述导管的内腔内的预成型的形状记忆材料，其中，当所述预成型的形状记忆材料伸出所述导管的内腔外时，所述形状记忆材料以卷绕的定向被偏压并被布置成将所述成像装置定位成使得透明焦平面与所述目标物体接触。
16.根据权利要求13的导管，其特征在于，所述囊进一步与所述成像装置和透明焦点仪相对地布置在面向侧向的方向上以选择性地沿侧向方向膨胀并且将所述透明焦点仪定位成与位于所述透明焦点仪旁边的目标物体接触。
17.一种用导管成像的方法，包括：
a)提供带有透明焦点仪的导管，该透明焦点仪的外边界定位在成像装置的有效焦平面处；
b)将所述透明焦点仪的外边界定位成与目标物体接触以使与所述透明焦点仪的外边界接触的目标物体能被基本上对焦地成像；以及
c)使所述目标物体成像。
18.根据权利要求17的方法，其特征在于，所述定位包括使布置在所述导管上的囊膨胀以将所述透明焦点仪移动成与所述目标物体接触。
19.根据权利要求17的方法，还包括：
a)提供联接到所述导管的远端上的囊；以及
b)使所述囊膨胀以将所述透明焦点仪的外边界定位成与所述目标物体接触。
20.根据权利要求19的方法，其特征在于，所述透明焦点仪包括一透明囊，所述透明囊具有与所述成像装置的有效焦平面基本相等的膨胀长度。
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WO2009155441A3 (en) 2010-04-15
EP2299894B1 (en) 2020-09-02
CN102137616B (zh) 2014-09-10
US9521946B2 (en) 2016-12-20
JP5596027B2 (ja) 2014-09-24
WO2009155441A2 (en) 2009-12-23
US20140371529A1 (en) 2014-12-18
US20090318759A1 (en) 2009-12-24
EP2299894A4 (en) 2013-07-24
US8690762B2 (en) 2014-04-08
JP2011525132A (ja) 2011-09-15
EP2299894A2 (en) 2011-03-30

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