CN102209921A - 具有支持来自光学分路器的输入和输出光纤的适配器面板的光纤终端 - Google Patents

具有支持来自光学分路器的输入和输出光纤的适配器面板的光纤终端 Download PDF

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CN102209921A
CN102209921A CN2008801319322A CN200880131932A CN102209921A CN 102209921 A CN102209921 A CN 102209921A CN 2008801319322 A CN2008801319322 A CN 2008801319322A CN 200880131932 A CN200880131932 A CN 200880131932A CN 102209921 A CN102209921 A CN 102209921A
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fibre
optical
fiber
optical fiber
adapter
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CN102209921B (zh
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G·卡斯通盖
曹松华
戴斌
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Corning Optical Fiber Cable Chengdu Co Ltd
Corning Research and Development Corp
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Corning Cable Systems Shanghai Co Ltd
Corning Optical Communications LLC
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4439—Auxiliary devices
    • G02B6/444—Systems or boxes with surplus lengths
    • G02B6/4441—Boxes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4439—Auxiliary devices
    • G02B6/444—Systems or boxes with surplus lengths
    • G02B6/4452—Distribution frames
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4439—Auxiliary devices
    • G02B6/4471—Terminating devices ; Cable clamps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining

Abstract

一种光纤终端(30)被配置成光学连接来自所接纳的网络侧和订户侧光纤，以便于在光纤网络与目的地之间提供直接或中间光学连接。该光纤终端(30)包括至少一个适配器模块(60)，该适配器模块(60)包括至少一个适配器面板(62)。该适配器面板(62)被配置成接纳输入光纤(70)和来自光学分路器(72)的多条输出光纤(74)中的一条或多条输出光纤。为了在网络侧与订户侧光纤之间建立光学连接，将来自光学分路器(72)的输入光纤(70)光学连接至适配器面板(62)上的输入光纤适配器(66)，该适配器(66)光学连接至至少一条网络侧光纤(76)。来自光学分路器(72)的多条输出光纤(74)中的一条或多条输出光纤与适配器面板(62)上的一个或多个输出光纤适配器(68)光学连接，适配器(68)光学连接至订户侧光纤(86)。

Description

具有支持来自光学分路器的输入和输出光纤的适配器面板的光纤终端
背景技术
技术领域
本发明领域涉及光纤终端。光纤终端可包括但不限于局部汇聚点(LCP)和光纤分配终端(FDT)。
背景技术
为了向订户提供改进性能，通信和数据网络越来越多采用光纤。光纤的优点是众所周知的，且包括较高信噪比和提高的带宽。为进一步提高性能，光纤网络越来越多地提供到末端订户的全程光纤连接。这些举措包括各种光纤到驻地(FTTP)、光纤到户(FTTH)以及其它光纤举措(一般描述为FTTx)。在此方面，图1示出了示例性的光纤网络10。该光纤网络10从交换点12通过由光纤馈线缆线14组成的分配网络13提供光信号。这些光信号可在光学馈线缆线14上被传送至局部汇聚点(LCP)16。LCP 16担当用于接续、建立交叉连接和互连以及提供耦合器和分路器的位置的固结点(consolidation point)。诸如分配缆线之类的光缆18离开LCP 16以在光纤网络10与订户驻地20之间传送光信号。典型的订户驻地20包括单住宅单元(SDU)、多住宅单元(MDU)、公司和/或其它设施或建筑。
因为LCP 16通常被配置成服务多个驻地20，所以离开LCP 16的光缆18通常去往一个或多个中间光纤分配终端(FDT)22。FDT 22通过向订户驻地20分组提供对光纤网络10的网络接入点来方便FTTx的应用。去往订户驻地20的光学互连通常由与FDT 22内的光缆18光学互连的室内/室外的分接缆线24来提供。与在不规则位置中建立接头不同，FDT 22还提供固结位置，以供技术人员或其它安装职员在分接缆线24与光缆18之间建立和保护接头。
在LCP或FDT的任一情况下，终端的大小都会是考虑因素。大小尤其是MDU应用的因素，在MDU应用的情况下，可用于定位LCP和/或FDT的不动产会是有限的。必须设计LCP和FDT的大小以处理要服务的订户的数量。这给提供具有足够的内部空间可用于包括必需光学互连部件的高密度LCP和FDT带来了特别挑战。例如，如果LCP提供3个1×32分路器以处理多达96个订户，则必须在LCP中提供用于3个网络侧端口、3个分路器、熔接或机械接头以及96个订户侧连接/连接器以及任何其它所需部件的空间。类似地，如果FDT被配置成向48个订户提供访问权，则必须在FDT中为48个订户侧连接/连接器以及任何其它所需部件提供空间。此外，还必须提供布线引导件，以对网络侧和订户侧光纤进行布线而不损坏光纤。
即使在建立光学连接之后，LCP和FDT也应当足够灵活以允许去除和添加新订户。当添加新订户时，可能需要在LCP和/或FDT中建立附加的订户侧连接。这在高密度LCP和FDT中会特别富有挑战性，因为添加新连接可能需要对可能损坏已建立连接的风险的特别处理，或需要重新配置已建立连接以访问新连接，从而中断对已建立连接的服务。这是因为，利用已在终端中建立的现有高密度光学连接，可能难以访问新连接和相关区域。
发明内容
具体实施方式中公开的实施例包括光纤终端，其被配置成将所接纳的网络侧光纤光学连接至多条所接纳订户侧光纤中的一条或多条。在此方面，光纤终端包括至少一个适配器模块，该适配器模块包括至少一个适配器面板。该适配器面板被配置成接纳来自光学分路器的输入光纤和多条输出光纤中的一条或多条。为了在网络侧光纤与订户侧光纤中的一条或多条之间建立光学连接，来自光学分路器的输入光纤光学连接至适配器面板上的输入光纤适配器。输入光纤适配器被配置成光学连接至网络侧光纤。来自光学分路器的多条输出光纤中的一条或多条输出光纤光学连接至适配器面板上的一个或多个输出光纤适配器。输出光纤适配器被配置成光学连接至订户侧光纤中的一条或多条。以此方式，可建立网络侧光纤与多条订户侧光纤中的一条或多条之间的光学连接，且可通过光纤终端中的公共适配器面板访问这些光学连接。可采用光纤终端以便于在光纤网络与末端订户之间提供直接或中间光学连接。
本文中公开的光纤终端可用于任何类型的光纤终端，包括但不限于局部汇聚点(LCP)和光纤分配终端(FDT)。本文中公开的光纤终端可用于任何光纤分配应用，包括但不限于将来自光纤网络的光缆和光纤直接或中间地布线至末端订户。这包括但不限于各种光纤到驻地(FTTP)、光纤到户(FTTH)以及其它光纤举措(一般描述为FTTx)。订户驻地包括但不限于单住宅单元(SDU)、多住宅单元(MDU)、公司和/或其它设施或建筑。
在以下的详细描述中陈述了本发明的附加特征和优点，其中的部分特征和优点对本领域的技术人员而言根据所作描述就容易理解，或者通过实施包括以下详细描述、权利要求书以及附图在内的如本文所述的本发明而被认识。
应理解，对本发明的实施例的前面的一般性描述和以下的详细描述二者旨在提供理解要求保护的本发明的性质和特性的概览或框架。包括的附图提供了对本发明的进一步的理解，且被结合在本说明书中并构成说明书的一部分。附图示出了本发明的各个实施例，并与说明书一起用来说明本发明的原理和操作。
附图说明
图1是包括用于在光纤网络上传送光信号的光纤终端的示例性光纤网络的示意图；
图2是根据一个实施例的具有已建立的光纤连接的示例性光纤终端；
图3示出图2的光纤终端，且在该光纤终端的基座上盖有盖子；
图4示出图2的光纤终端，且转换面板打开从而露出光纤终端的下光纤管理区域；
图5是图2的光纤终端的侧横截面视图；
图6示出图2的光纤终端的转换面板的替代实施例，其提供光纤放置区域；
图7示出用于图2的光纤终端的转换面板的另一替代实施例，其具有位于转换面板后侧的一个或多个光纤分路器；以及
图8示出包括根据本文中所描述的实施例的光纤终端的示例性多住宅单元(MDU)的侧视图，其包括用于向末端订户提供光纤连接的局部汇聚点(LCP)和示例性光纤分配终端(FDT)。
具体实施方式
现在将具体参考本发明的优选实施例，这些实施例的示例在附图中示出。将尽可能地使用相似附图标记来表示相似的部件或部分。
具体实施方式中公开的实施例包括配置成将所接纳的网络侧光纤光学连接至多条所接纳订户侧光纤中的一条或多条的光纤终端。在此方面，该光纤终端包括至少一个适配器模块，该适配器模块包括至少一个适配器面板。该适配器面板被配置成接纳来自光学分路器的输入光纤和多条输出光纤中的一条或多条。为了在网络侧光纤与订户侧光纤中的一条或多条之间建立光学连接，来自光学分路器的输入光纤光学连接至适配器面板上的输入光纤适配器。输入光纤适配器被配置成光学连接至网络侧光纤。来自光学分路器的多条输出光纤中的一条或多条输出光纤光学连接至适配器面板上的一个或多个输出光纤适配器。输出光纤适配器被配置成光学连接至订户侧光纤中的一条或多条。以此方式，可建立网络侧光纤与多条订户侧光纤中的一条或多条之间的光学连接，并通过光纤终端中的公共适配器面板访问这些光学连接。可采用这些光学终端以便于在光纤网络与末端订户之间提供直接或中间光学连接。
本文中所公开的光纤终端可用于任何类型的光纤终端，包括但不限于局部汇聚点(LCP)和光纤分配终端(FDT)。例如，如果光纤终端被配置为局部汇聚点(LCP)，则网络侧或上游缆线可以是来自中央办公室或交换点的馈线缆线。订户侧或下游缆线可以是分配缆线。如果光纤终端被配置为光纤分配终端(FDT)，则网络侧或上游缆线可以是分配缆线，且订户侧或下游缆线可以是分接缆线。然后分接缆线可被布线至末端订户以用于FTTx应用。
参照图2，示出了根据本发明一个实施例构造的光纤终端30。光纤终端30在电信或数据网络中提供方便的接入点，以供现场技术人员在网络侧与订户侧光缆之间安装和重新配置光纤连接。光纤终端30被配置成允许设置在一条或多条网络侧或上游光缆中的一条或多条光纤与一条或多条订户侧或下游光缆中的一条或多条光纤容易和方便地互连。术语“订户侧”用于表示光纤、光缆或光连接(根据情况而定)设置在末端订户与光纤终端30之间的任何位置处。订户侧光缆、光纤或光纤连接可直接被提供给末端订户，或可在到达末端订户之前被提供给一个或多个中间光学终端或部件。术语“网络侧”用于表示光纤、光缆或光连接(根据情况而定)设置在光纤网络、中央交换点、中央办公室等与光纤终端30之间。
图2中所示的光纤终端30包括基座32和通过铰链固定至基座32并在其上打开的盖子34。基座32和盖子34可由刚性材料制成，诸如铝、塑料或热塑性塑料，以使光纤终端30的内部部件在盖子34闭合在基座32上时能受到保护，如图3所示。返回图2，盖子34一般是矩形的且沿左侧壁36的上边缘在一个或多个铰链位置38通过铰链固定至相似形状的基座32。基座32由三个其它侧壁37组成，这三个其它侧壁37彼此且与左侧壁36附连或互连以在基座32内形成内腔40(参见图4)。内腔40提供空间以供网络侧和订户侧缆线和光纤在其中布线，并在两者之间建立光学互连，包括通过设置在光学终端30中的任何中间光学部件，诸如接续盘、耦合器盘以及适配器等，如下文中的更详细描述。
技术人员打开盖子34访问内腔40以安装或重新配置光纤终端30内的光学互连。在完成之后，盖子34可相对于基座32闭合以关闭光纤终端30。盖子34和基座32包含作为将盖子34固定至基座32的装置的一个或多个扣件42、44，当盖子34闭合在基座32上时一个或多个扣件42、44彼此互锁。当盖子34闭合时，光纤终端30内部包含的光学互连和部件受到保护。当关闭时，光纤终端30的大约尺寸为14.95英寸长(“L”)、14.60英寸宽(“W”)以及5.65英寸高(“H”)(参见图3和5)。然而，任何想要的尺寸都是可能的。
如将在本文中更详细讨论的那样，光纤终端30及其内部部件便于在由网络侧缆线46和订户侧缆线48所提供的光纤之间建立光学连接。网络侧缆线46和订户侧缆线48均可以是分配缆线。光纤终端30可能特别适用于高容量/密度的光学连接。网络侧缆线46提供一条或多条光纤，这一条或多条光纤被配置成光学连接至光纤网络以向该光纤网络和从该光纤网络传送光信号。订户侧缆线48也包含一条或多条光纤，但这一条或多条光纤被配置成直接或通过一个或多个中间终端和/或其它光学部件通往末端订户。因此，当网络侧缆线46中提供的光纤光学连接至订户侧缆线48中提供的光纤时，光学连接可在末端订户与光纤网络之间建立。
如图2和4所示，光纤终端30经由基座32中提供的相应缆线端口组件50、52安装在网络侧缆线46和订户侧缆线48上。每个端口组件50、52由输送管51、53组成，输送管51、53耦合至基座32中提供的端口55、57且分别被配置成接纳网络侧缆线46和订户侧缆线48。输送管51、53可向网络侧缆线46和订户侧缆线48提供应变释放。虽然仅示出一条网络侧缆线46和订户侧缆线48，但应注意光纤终端30可设置多个端口以接受和提供多个网络侧缆线46和/或订户侧缆线48之间的光学连接。光纤终端30中的缆线端口组件50、52便于在设置在内腔40内的转换面板54后方接纳和布线网络侧缆线46和订户侧缆线48。转换面板54由正面61和背面63组成，且被配置成将内腔40分成下光纤管理区56和上光纤管理区58(参见图5)。在光纤终端30的示图中，下光纤管理区56位于转换面板54的背面63上。在光纤终端30的示图中，上光纤管理区58位于转换面板54的正面61上。
虽然转换面板54在图2中被示为处于收起位置，但转换面板54可相对于基座32在收起位置与展开位置之间旋转约110度角度，不过也可提供任何旋转度。转换面板54一般是矩形的，且沿侧壁36的上边缘在一个或多个铰链位置59通过铰链固定至基座32，如图2所示。在本实施例中，铰链位置59位于与一个或多个铰链位置38相同的侧壁36上，该一个或多个铰链位置38通过铰链将盖子34固定至基座32。然而，该铰链位置59可位于与铰链位置38相反的侧壁36上。替代地，转换面板54可滑动地附连至基座32以使基座32的内腔40的各部分选择性地暴露，或可去除地附连至基座32以提供对内腔40的无阻碍访问。任何配置都是可能的，只要在上光纤管理区域58中提供足够空间以对缆线端口组件50、52与转换面板54之间的网络侧缆线46和订户侧缆线48的输送管51、53布线即可。虽然未示出，但基座32和/或转换面板54可设置有用于在闭合配置中将转换面板54固定至基座32的常规装置。此外，基座32和/或转换面板54可设置有用于在打开配置中保持转换面板54的常规装置。在必要时，转换面板54还可设置纵向和/或横向的加强肋，以加强和防止转换面板54扭曲。
在光纤终端30的本实施例中，缆线端口组件50、52设置在基座32中，以使网络侧缆线46和订户侧缆线48被布线至下光纤管理区域56中。该转换面板54可相对于基座32移动，以使下光纤管理区域56暴露给最初安装光纤终端30或随后重新配置光纤终端30内的光纤连接的现场技术人员。在该处，网络侧缆线46和订户侧缆线48的缆线接头可被去掉，以使其中携带的一条或多条光纤暴露以便在光纤终端30内制备光学互连。光学互连可包括接续网络侧缆线46和订户侧缆线48中携带的光纤，如下文更详细讨论地。
如将在本文中描述地，最终，来自网络侧缆线46的一条或多条网络光纤和来自订户侧缆线48的一条或多条光纤经由适配器模块60彼此光学连接。适配器模块是包含或支持多个光纤适配器的模块。适配器模块60可作为转换面板模具的一部分整体地形成，或被设置为附连至转换面板的独立模块。可设置一个以上适配器模块60，但图2中所示的光纤终端30包含一个适配器模块60。适配器模块60包含一个或多个适配器面板62。适配器面板62是被配置成支持多个光纤适配器64的面板。光纤适配器64支持在来自网络侧缆线46的一条或多条网络光纤与来自订户侧缆线48的一条或多条光纤之间建立光学连接。在本实施例中，每个适配器面板62包含至少一个输入光纤适配器66和至少一个输出光纤适配器68。在图2的光纤终端30中，示出了每个适配器面板62支持一个输入光纤适配器66和16个输出光纤适配器68。如将在下文中更详细讨论地，在下光纤管理区域56中的转换面板54后方，来自网络侧缆线46的一条或多条光纤将被暴露、接续和光学连接至一个或多个输入光纤适配器66。来自订户侧缆线48的一条或多条光纤也将被暴露、接续且光学连接至一个或多个输出光纤适配器68。一条光纤可连接至适配器模块60中设置的每个光纤适配器66、68。
为了在来自网络侧缆线46的一条或多条网络光纤与来自订户侧缆线38的一条或多条光纤之间建立光学连接，提供一端接头化(connectorized)的输入光纤70并使其连接至输入光纤适配器66，以将输入光纤70光学连接至由网络侧缆线46提供的光纤。输入光纤70的另一端输入至光学分路器72。光学分路器72被配置成使输入光纤70经由与输入光纤适配器66的连接传送的光信号分路到多条接头化的输出光纤74中。然后一条或多条输出光纤74可连接到一个或多个输出光纤适配器68中，以将订户侧缆线48中的光纤光学连接至网络侧缆线46中的光纤。适配器面板62被配置成在同一面板上提供输入和输出光纤适配器66、68，以便于初始安装或重新配置光学连接。此外，任一光纤适配器和多个光纤适配器可被配置为输入或输出光纤适配器66、68，以在安装或重新配置光学连接时提供灵活性。光纤放置区域75设置在上光纤管理区域56中，以在输出光纤74未连接至输出光纤适配器68和光学分路器72(如果存在)时为输出光纤74提供定位或放置空间。
在图2的实施例中，光纤适配器66、68是LC适配器，但也可以是任何连接类型，包括但不限于SC、LC、MTP、FC、ST、MU或MTRJ。此外，如图2所示，光纤终端30被配置用于48个订户，由此若干输入光纤可被分路成16条光纤。在此方面，在光纤终端30中提供两个光学分路器72，因为其中提供的每个光学分路器72能将输入光纤70所传送的光信号光学地分路到16条输出光纤中。然而，要注意的是，光纤终端30可提供任何分路配置，包括提供一个或两个以上光学分路器72。其它分路器配置示例包括但不限于1x32、1x16以及1x8。分路器配置取决于诸多因素，诸如网络侧缆线46的数量、订户侧缆线48的数量、上光纤管理区域58中的可用空间以及用于光纤适配器66、68的连接器类型。例如，对于SC连接器类型，光纤终端30可容纳用于总共32条输出光纤74的一个1x32光学分路器、用于总共48条输出光纤74的三个1x16光学分路器或6个1x8光学分路器。LC连接器类型可容纳用于总共96条输出光纤74的3个1x32光学分路器、6个1x16光学分路器、或12个1x8光学分路器。
图2示出具有建立在适配器模块60上的示例性最终光学连接的光纤终端30。现在将描述布线来自网络侧缆线46和基于订户的缆线48的光纤以将其中设置的光纤分别光学连接至输入和输出光纤适配器66、68的光纤终端30的部件和诸方面。图4示出图2的光纤终端30，其中转换面板54打开从而示出下光纤管理区域56，以显示出可设置用于来自网络侧缆线46和订户侧缆线48的光纤至光纤适配器66、68的示例性布线和连接。如之前在图2中讨论和示出地，提供从网络侧缆线46和基于订户的缆线48到由适配器面板62所提供的光纤适配器66、68的光纤方便了在光纤终端30的上光纤管理区域58中建立光学连接，如之前在图2中讨论和示出的那样。
为了辅助或防止技术人员将输入光纤70错误地安装到输出光纤适配器68中，和/或将输出光纤74错误地安装到输入光纤适配器66中，输入光纤70和/或来自光纤终端10中光学分路器72的输出光纤74可被标记。这可通过具有不同颜色或其它可视标记(诸如线、符号等)的缆线接头或套环来标记。例如，如图2所示，输入光纤70被标记为纯色，这可表示任何类型的标记、着色或其它可视指示器。此外，如图2中所示，输入光纤适配器66也可被标记，以代替输入光纤70的标记或作为其附加。光纤适配器66上的标记被示为点，但也可以是任何其它类型的标记。还可按照相同或相似方式在输出光纤74和/或输出光纤适配器68上设置其它或相似的标记，以允许技术人员将输入光纤70与输出光纤74区分开，和/或将输入光纤适配器66与输出光纤适配器68区分开。此外，光纤适配器66、68可以关闭，或光纤适配器66、68可以上锁而在输入光纤70和/或输出光纤74上设置相应的匹配键，以防止输入光纤70连接至输出光纤适配器68和/或防止输出光纤74连接至输入光纤适配器66。
如图4所示，转换面板54包含一个或多个开口65，以支持作为适配器模块60一部分的一个或多个光纤适配器66、68，用于支持如前所述的光学连接。在本示例中，一条或多条网络侧光纤76设置在下光纤管理区域56中。网络侧光纤76是来自网络侧缆线46的光纤。网络侧缆线46未被示出进入下光纤管理区域56，但通常将在光纤终端30被安装时进入下光纤管理区域56。技术人员通常会将进入基座32内部且进入下光纤管理区域56的网络侧缆线46周围的缆线接头去掉，以使一条或多条网络侧光纤76暴露。网络侧光纤76可经由下光纤管理区域56通过一个或多个光纤布线引导件78来布线。光纤布线引导件78可布线网络侧光纤76，和/或在需要时提供对网络侧光纤76的松弛储存。然后网络侧光纤76可连接至常规的接续盘80。在接续盘80内部，提供了一个或多个网络侧接头或接头固定器，用于按照任何已知方式将网络侧光纤76接续至用于每个网络侧光纤76的一条或多条输入尾纤82。这包括熔接或机械接续。为清楚起见，在此仅描述了存在于接续盘80中且端接至输入尾纤82的网络侧光纤76中的一条代表性光纤。然而，本领域普通技术人员清楚并理解，其它网络侧光纤(若存在)可按照基本相同的方式接续到输入尾纤中并被布线。
一旦离开接续盘80，输入尾纤82可在一个或多个光纤布线引导件78周围布线至传输面板54下侧，直至适配器面板62中设置的输入光纤适配器66。以此方式，输入尾纤82光学连接至输入光纤适配器66用于在上光纤管理区域58中访问，以供技术人员在无需打开转换面板54并使下光纤管理区域56暴露(在需要时)的情况下建立与网络侧光纤76的光学连接。图5示出光纤终端30的横截面侧视图，以进一步示出光纤适配器66、68延伸通过适配器模块60至下光纤管理区域56。如本示例中所示，光纤适配器66、68光学连接至设置在适配器模块60下侧上的相应光纤适配器84。以此方式，输入尾纤82可连接至下光纤管理区域56中所需的任何光纤适配器84，以便上光纤管理区域58中适配器模块60上的相应光纤适配器变成输入光纤适配器66。因此，设置在光纤终端30中的适配器模块60允许不同的光纤适配器84及其相应的光纤适配器66、68根据来自订户侧缆线48的输入尾纤82或光纤是否光学连接至光纤适配器66、68而被配置为输入光纤适配器66或输出光纤适配器68。在光纤终端10的该实施例中，光纤适配器84的行之间的间距约为0.62英寸，且光纤适配器84之间的间距约为0.75英寸。
一旦输入尾纤82被布线和光学连接至输入光纤适配器66，则可通过将光纤连接至输入光纤适配器66来建立通向由网络侧缆线46提供的网络侧光纤76的光学连接。接着，讨论由订户侧缆线48提供的一条或多条光纤的布线，以建立通向一个或多个输出光纤适配器68的光学连接。一旦已建立，就可通过将输入和输出光纤适配器66、68耦合到一起以将网络侧缆线46与订户侧缆线48之间的一条或多条光纤彼此光学连接。
返回图4，在下光纤管理区域56中提供了一条或多条订户侧光纤86。订户侧光纤86是来自订户侧缆线48的光纤。订户侧缆线48未被示出进入下光纤管理区域56，但通常将在光纤终端30被安装时进入下光纤管理区域56。技术人员通常会将进入基座32内部且进入下光纤管理区域56的订户侧缆线48周围的缆线接头去掉，以使一条或多条订户侧光纤86暴露。订户侧光纤86也可经由下光纤管理区域56通过一个或多个光纤布线引导件78来布线。光纤布线引导件78可以布线订户侧光纤86，和/或在需要时提供对订户侧光纤86的松弛储存。然后订户侧光纤86可光学连接至接续盘80。在接续盘80内部，提供了一个或多个订户侧接头或接头固定器，用于按照任何已知方式将订户侧光纤86接续至用于每个订户侧光纤86的一条或多条输出尾纤88。这包括熔接或机械接续。为清楚起见，在此仅描述了存在于接续盘80中且端接在输出尾纤88中的订户侧光纤86中的一条代表性光纤。然而，本领域普通技术人员清楚并理解，其它订户侧光纤(若存在)可按照基本相同的方式接续到输出尾纤中并被布线。
一旦离开接续盘80，输出尾纤88可在一个或多个光纤布线引导件78周围布线至传输面板54下侧，直至输出光纤适配器68。以此方式，输出尾纤88光学连接至在上光纤管理区域58中可访问的输出光纤适配器68，以供技术人员在无需打开转换面板54并使下光纤管理区域56暴露(在需要时)的情况下建立与订户侧光纤76的光学连接。
此时，来自网络侧缆线46的一条或多条网络侧光纤76和来自订户侧缆线48的一条或多条订户侧光纤86已被接纳、布线、接续到输入和输出尾纤82、88中，并连接至位于同一适配器面板62上的转换面板54的背面中的光纤适配器84。当这些连接完成时，技术人员可关闭转换面板54以封闭下光纤管理区域56，并经由使用耦合光纤或分别在输入和输出光纤适配器66、68之间输入和输出光纤70、74的光学连接在上光纤管理区域58中建立所需的任何光学连接，如之前所讨论。
光纤终端30及其部件的变型也是可能的。上述光纤终端30中的部件不限于包括在任何特定区域中或按照特定方式被包括，包括上光纤管理区域58和下管理区域56。作为示例，图6示出了图2的光纤终端30，但具有用于未连接输出光纤74的替代光纤放置区域89。光纤放置区域89可由模制到转换面板54’中的包含一个或多个孔93的突出部91组成。放置的光纤74’可被插入孔93中，延伸通过转换面板54’进入下光纤管理区域56。如果在光纤终端30中采用了光学分路器72，则每个光学分路的输出光纤74即使未连接至适配器模块60上的输出光纤适配器68，也将典型地从光学分路器72提供。该情形可能在光纤行进至末端订户、但该订户的光纤尚未连接时存在。在这样的情况下，可能需要在安装或重新配置其它输入和/或输出光纤70、74时“放置”任何未连接的输出光纤74’以防止他们受损。在此方面，如图6所示，来自一个或多个光学分路器72的未连接输出光纤74’可被放置在光纤放置区域89中。也可设置可选的光纤支承件95作为转换面板54’的一部分，以引导被放置的光纤以防止其掉落到转换面板54’的底部并引起突然弯曲。
作为另一变型的示例，光学分路器72不一定要设置在上光纤管理区域58中转换面板54之上。图7示出转换面板54，其中两个光学分路器72设置在转换面板54的背面63上，使得当转换面板54闭合在基座32上时，光学分路器72被包含在下光纤管理区域56中。虽然不作为限制，但在转换面板54的背面63上提供光学分路器72尤其适用于使用直径较小的输入和输出光纤70、74的情况，诸如直径为900微米(μm)等。下光纤管理区域56中的空间限制和转换面板54的背面63与正面61之间的布线限制会是影响在转换面板54的背面63上设置光学分路器72的因素。
光纤终端30可被安装在任何位置或驻地。本文中描述的光纤终端30可能尤其适用于MDU，因为光纤终端30能在网络侧缆线与订户侧缆线之间提供高密度光学连接。此外，光纤终端30可被配置为LCP或FDT。在此方面，图8示出被设置既作为安装在MDU 90中的LCP和FDT的光纤终端30。仅出于说明目的，MDU 90可包括具有9个住宅单元92的公寓建筑。在所示实施例中，被配置为LCP 94的光纤终端30被定位于底楼或地下室；然而，其它实施例的LCP可被定位于相对于MDU的任何位置。如上所述，LCP 94包括光学连接至网络侧缆线46的缆线组件96。网络侧缆线46可光学连接至光纤网络97。同样如上所述，向光纤网络97和从光纤网络97传送光信号的一条或多条订户侧缆线48可连接至LCP 94，而且离开LCP 94并延伸通过MDU 90。订户侧缆线48向LCP 94且从LCP 94传送光信号，并经由订户侧光纤或缆线100直接延伸至每个住宅单元，最终在诸如墙上插座中的适配器、地板面板中的适配器、吊顶背后的适配器等订户端点98处终止，以使订户能光学连接至订户光纤100。
订户侧光纤100可被从光纤引导至订户侧缆线48，或可从被配置为FDT 102的一个或多个中间光纤终端30提供。可提供FDT 102，通过允许订户光纤100在LCP 94与FDT 102之间被分组然后在FDT 102处分离，来简化LCP 94与订户端点98之间光纤的布线和安装。FDT 102被配置成接纳订户侧缆线48，并将各条订户光纤100提供给订户端点98。因此，更少光纤和/或缆线在MDU 90的楼层之间延伸，从而简化了光纤在MDU 90中的布线。虽然在所示实施例中描述了MDU 90的多个楼层，但应当理解，FDT 102可用于方便对MDU 90中任一布局区域的光纤布线。
此外，虽然订户光纤100和订户侧缆线48包括指向订户端点98方向的箭头，当应当理解，光信号可按照具体应用需要在任一方向上传递；箭头仅仅用于说明目的。
如本文所使用，术语“光纤终端”旨在包括任一类型的光纤终端。例如，如本文中所使用的光纤终端可以是接续终端、接线终端(patch terminal)等，或它们的组合。设置在光纤终端的一个或多个适配器模块中的适配器面板不限于提供光纤适配器。如果提供了光纤适配器，则光纤适配器可以用于任何类型的光连接器，包括但不限于LC、SC、MTP、FC、ST、MU或MTRJ。
光纤终端30可被安装在任何位置，包括空中位置、掩埋或设置在较大外壳中，诸如地面基座中。网络侧和订户侧缆线46、48可以是任何类型的光缆，且包括任何形式的任何类型的光纤。如本文所使用的术语“光纤”旨在包括所有类型的光纤，包括但不限于宽松的缓冲光纤，且包括任何形式的光纤，包括但不限于多光纤带、独立光纤或任何其它已知合宜的光缆。此外，光纤可具有各种直径，包括仅作为示例的900微米(μm)、2毫米(mm)以及3mm直径。
本文中公开的光纤终端可用于任何光纤分配应用，包括但不限于从光纤网络向末端订户直接或中间地布线光缆和光纤，包括但不限于各种光纤到驻地(FTTP)、光纤到户(FTTH)以及其它光纤举措(统一描述为FTTx)。订户驻地包括但不限于单住宅单元(SDU)、多住宅单元(MDU)、公司和/或其它设施或建筑。
虽然在此参照了本发明的优选实施例和特定示例说明和描述了本发明，但对本领域技术人员显而易见的是，其它实施例和示例能实现相似功能和/或获得相似结果。所有这些等价实施例和示例都落在本发明的精神和范围内，且旨在被所附权利要求所覆盖。此外，对本领域技术人员显而易见的是，可对本发明作出各种修改和变化而不背离本发明的精神和范围。因此，本发明旨在覆盖本发明的修改和变化，只要这些修改和变化在所附权利要求及其等同方案的范围之内即可。

Claims (23)

1.一种光纤终端，包括：
基座，被配置成接纳至少一条网络侧光纤和多条订户侧光纤；
适配器模块，包括至少一个适配器面板，所述适配器面板包括：
至少一个输入光纤适配器，被配置成光学连接至所述至少一条网络侧光纤；以及
多个输出光纤适配器，被配置成光学连接至所述多条订户侧光纤；以及
光学分路器，被配置成将输入光纤光学分路成多条输出光纤；
其中所述至少一个输入光纤适配器被配置成光学连接至所述输入光纤，且所述多个输出光纤适配器被配置成光学连接至所述多条输出光纤中的一条或多条，以将所述至少一条网络侧光纤光学连接至所述多条订户侧光纤中的一条或多条。
2.如权利要求1所述的光纤终端，其特征在于，所述至少一条网络侧光纤设置在网络侧缆线中，且所述多条订户侧光纤设置在订户侧缆线中。
3.如权利要求1所述的光纤终端，其特征在于，所述光纤终端是由光纤分配终端(FDT)和局部汇聚点(LCP)组成的组中的终端。
4.如权利要求1所述的光纤终端，其特征在于，还包括：
至少一个网络侧接头，被配置成将所述至少一条网络侧光纤接续到至少一条输入尾纤中；
其中所述至少一条输入尾纤被配置成光学连接至所述至少一个输入光纤适配器，以将所述至少一条网络侧光纤光学连接至所述至少一个输入光纤适配器。
5.如权利要求1所述的光纤终端，其特征在于，还包括：
多个订户侧接头，被配置成将所述多条订户侧光纤接续到多条输出尾纤中；
其中所述多条输出尾纤被配置成光学连接至所述多个输出光纤适配器中的一个或多个，以将所述多条订户侧光纤光学连接至所述多个输出光纤适配器中的一个或多个。
6.如权利要求1所述的光纤终端，其特征在于，所述适配器模块设置在所述光纤终端的基座内。
7.如权利要求6所述的光纤终端，其特征在于，还包括耦合至所述基座的转换面板，其中所述适配器模块附连至所述转换面板。
8.如权利要求7所述的光纤终端，其特征在于，所述转换面板通过铰链固定至所述基座以绕所述基座转动。
9.如权利要求7所述的光纤终端，其特征在于，所述转换面板限定光纤放置区域。
10.如权利要求9所述的光纤终端，其特征在于，所述转换面板限定至少一个突出部，所述至少一个突出部被配置成将所述多条输出光纤中的一条或多条引导到所述光纤放置区域中。
11.如权利要求7所述的光纤终端，其特征在于，所述转换面板包括正面和背面，其中所述适配器模块设置在所述转换面板的正面上。
12.如权利要求11所述的光纤终端，其特征在于，所述转换面板在所述转换面板的正面上限定上光纤管理区域，且在所述转换面板的背面上限定下光纤管理区域。
13.如权利要求12所述的光纤终端，其特征在于，还包括设置在所述上光纤管理区域中的光纤放置区域，所述光纤放置区域被配置成放置所述多条输出光纤中的一条或多条。
14.如权利要求12所述的光纤终端，其特征在于，还包括：
至少一个网络侧接头，位于所述下光纤管理区域中，且被配置成将所述至少一条网络侧光纤接续到至少一条输入尾纤中；
其中所述至少一条输入尾纤被配置成光学连接至所述至少一个输入光纤适配器，以将所述至少一条网络侧光纤光学连接至所述至少一个输入光纤适配器。
15.如权利要求12所述的光纤终端，其特征在于，还包括：
多个订户侧接头，位于所述下光纤管理区域中，且被配置成将所述多条订户侧光纤接续到多条输出尾纤中；
其中所述多条输出尾纤被配置成光学连接至所述多个输出光纤适配器中的一个或多个，以将所述多条订户侧光纤光学连接至所述多个输出光纤适配器中的一个或多个。
16.如权利要求11所述的光纤终端，其特征在于，所述光学分路器安装在所述转换面板的正面或所述转换面板的背面。
17.如权利要求1所述的光纤终端，其特征在于，所述至少一个输入光纤适配器、所述多个输出光纤适配器、或所述至少一个输入光纤适配器和所述多个输出光纤适配器两者被上锁。
18.如权利要求1所述的光纤终端，其特征在于，所述输入光纤、所述多条输出光纤、或所述输入光纤和所述多条输出光纤两者被不同地标记。
19.一种用于将订户侧光纤光学连接至光纤网络的方法，包括：
提供具有适配器模块的光纤终端，所述适配器模块包括至少一个适配器面板；
将至少一条网络侧光纤提供到所述光纤终端中；
将多条订户侧光纤提供到所述光纤终端中；
将所述至少一条网络侧光纤光学连接至设置在所述至少一个适配器面板中的至少一个输入光纤适配器；
将所述多条订户侧光纤中的一条或多条光学连接至设置在所述至少一个适配器面板中的多个输出光纤适配器中的一个或多个；
提供光学分路器，所述光学分路器将输入光纤分路成多条输出光纤；以及
将所述输入光纤光学连接至所述至少一个输入光纤适配器，并将所述多条输出光纤中的一条或多条光学连接至所述多个输出光纤适配器中的一个或多个，以将所述至少一条网络侧光纤光学连接至所述多条订户侧光纤中的一条或多条。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述至少一条网络侧光纤光学连接至所述至少一个输入光纤适配器包括：
将所述至少一条网络侧光纤接续到至少一条输入尾纤中；以及
将所述至少一条输入尾纤光学连接至所述至少一个输入光纤适配器。
21.如权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述多条订户侧光纤中的一条或多条光学连接至所述多个输出光纤适配器中的一个或多个包括：
将所述多条订户侧光纤中的一条或多条接续到一条或多条输出尾纤中；以及
将所述一条或多条输出尾纤光学连接至所述多个输出光纤适配器中的一个或多个。
22.如权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述至少一条网络侧光纤提供到所述光纤终端中包括将所述至少一条网络侧光纤提供到下光纤管理区域中，所述下光纤管理区域设置在设置于所述光纤终端中的转换面板的背面上。
23.如权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述多条订户侧光纤提供到所述光纤终端中包括将所述多条订户侧光纤提供到下光纤管理区域中，所述下光纤管理区域设置在设置于所述光纤终端中的转换面板的背面上。
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US9323020B2 (en) 2016-04-26
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