CN102257407B - Sediment transport by fully developed turbulent flows - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is a method of modeling a hydrocarbon reservoir. A parameter value in a set of equations is adjusted so that the output of the equations accurately matches observed sediment erosion and deposition behavior for sediment sizes throughout a range of about 10 microns to about 10 centimeters. An initial condition of a sediment bed in the hydrocarbon reservoir is defined. The equations are applied to the initial condition, wherein outputs of the equations express how a fluid flow affects erosion and deposition of sediments at the initial condition. The initial condition is adjusted based on the equation outputs to create a subsequent sediment bed condition. The equations are re-applied to the subsequent sediment bed condition a pre-determined number of times. The subsequent sediment bed condition is re-adjusted after each re-application of the equations.; The model of the hydrocarbon reservoir is created and outputted.

Description

The sediment transport that the turbulent flow being completed into is carried out

The cross reference of related application

The application requires to be called in the name that on Dec 18th, 2008 submits to the U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61/138 of SEDIMENT TRANSPORT BY FULLY DEVELOPED TURBULENT FLOWS (transporting sediments that the turbulent flow being completed into is carried out), 895 rights and interests, its entirety is incorporated to herein by reference.

Technical field

Relate generally to of the present invention wherein relates to any field of the turbulent flow transported deposit thing being completed into, for example, and building and Environmental Engineering, seashore and hydronautics and oil and gas industry.Particularly, the present invention relates to analyze the turbulent flow being completed into and corrode, carry and deposit sedimental method.

Background technology

This part is intended to introduce the various aspects in this field that may be relevant to embodiments of the present invention.The list of list of references provides end and reference hereinafter in this section.This discussion, comprises list of references, is believed to be helpful in and provides conceptual frame to help to understand better concrete aspect of the present invention.Therefore, this part should be read like this, and not necessarily as admission of prior art.

Current and turbidity current the two corrode, to transport and deposit sedimental computer model be important instrument in multiple environment, engineering and energy industry.For designing bridge pier, excavating navigation channel and harbour and protect seabeach and wetland to need these models.Recently,, in oil and gas industry, these models have also been applied to setting up for exploring, the geologic model of the development and production energy.

Geologic model is underground cubic metre of earth, for example oil reservoir or be full of the detailed interior geometry in sediment basin and the numeral of rock property.In oil and gas industry, to reservoir performance, simulation provides geology input to geologic model, and described reservoir performance simulation is used to new well chosen position, assessment hydrocarbon reserves and planning reservoir-development strategy.Infiltrative space distribution is the key parameter of characterize reservoir performance, and together with other rock and liquid property, determines the productibility of reservoir.

In most of oil gas reservoir, infiltrative space distribution is very inhomogeneous.The one of the main reasons of unevenness is the varigrained sediment that distributes in the diverse location in reservoir.This is because most of fragmental reservoir forms by deposit sediment in the system of time immemorial river, delta and Deep-water Sediments.Because the sedimentary particle with different size is differently corroded and carries, so after this they are deposited on diverse location in reservoir.Therefore,, if can simulate exactly sedimental erosion, carrying and deposition in depositing system, the unevenness of the reservoir forming by these deposition process so also can be obtained exactly.

For developing for two steps of the model of sediment erosion, carrying and deposition be: 1) set up resuspended (also referred to as corroding or the carrying secretly) relation between different size sedimentary particle and the stream of varying strength, and 2) be characterized in the wherein distribution of the vertical direction suspended sediment of the water body of suspended sediment.In the flow model of individual layer or multilayer depth-averaged, by the vertical distribution of relationship description suspended sediment that the nearly bottom sediment concentration of different size particle is associated with depth-averaged concentration.Second step is important, and this is because suspended sediment is closely related with the sedimental concentration just suspending above this from flowing to the deposition of bed (end, bed).In individual layer or multilayer depth-averaged flow model, only can calculate the layer mean value of deposit concentration.These layer of mean intensity value is from just the actual concentrations value above this is obviously different.Therefore the relation, depth-averaged concentration being associated with concentration of the nearly end is essential step for the simulation of the accurate calculating of sediment deposition and transporting sediments afterwards.

The most frequently used resuspended (erosion) relation is known as and adds the resuspended function of West Asia-Parker (Garcia Parker).In this function, the resuspended speed of granularity bin (bin) i sediment that enters stream from bed is

$E_i=E_{\mathrm{si}}{v}_{\mathrm{si}}{G}_i$

$=\frac{a_z{Z}_i^5}{1+\frac{a_z}{e_m}{Z}_i^5}{v}_{\mathrm{si}}{G}_i---\left[1\right]$

Wherein E _sibe the resuspended speed of dimensionless and be associated by the resuspended speed of following formula and dimension:

$E_{\mathrm{si}}=\frac{E_i}{v_{\mathrm{si}}{G}_i}=\frac{a_z{Z}_i^5}{1+\frac{a_z}{e_m}{Z}_i^5}.---\left[2\right]$

In equation [1], G _ithe sedimental percent by volume at superficial layer granularity bin i, v _sito there is diameter D in i size bin _ithe settling velocity of sedimentary particle, a _zbe constant and typically have 1.3 × 10 ^-7value, and e _mequal the resuspended speed E of dimensionless _simaximal value.E _mvalue is set the upper limit of resuspended functional value.

Function Z shown in equation [1] _ibe defined as

$Z_i=\mathrm{\λ}\frac{u^{*}}{v_{\mathrm{si}}}f\left(R_{\mathrm{pi}}\right){\left(\frac{D_i}{D_{50}}\right)}^{0.2}---\left[3\right]$

Wherein,

λ＝1-0.288σ _Φ。[4]

In the above in equation, u ^*shear flow speed, D ₅₀the diameter at the sedimentary particle of the 50th percentage point in distribution, and σ _Φit is the standard deviation of the size-grade distribution of the familiar logarithm of sand smeller " phi " unit.For particle Reynolds (Reynolds) the number R of particle in i size bin _pibe defined as

$R_{\mathrm{pi}}=\frac{{\left({\mathrm{RgD}}_i\right)}^{1/2}{D}_i}{v}---\left[5\right]$

Wherein R is sedimental proportion under water, and g is acceleration of gravity constant, and v is the kinematic viscosity of water.

Reynolds function f (the R using in equation [3] _pi) there are two conventional formula.First is

$f\left(R_{\mathrm{pi}}\right)=R_{\mathrm{pi}}^{0.6}.---\left[6\right]$

Reynolds function f (R _pi) the second form increased the correction of the particle to thering is particulate Reynolds number, as follows:

F (R _pi) two kinds of forms all use.In the document, limit and use f (R in equation [6] by equation [1], [3] _pi) the resuspended relation of form is known as and adds West Asia paper model (Garcia Thesis Model).Therefore, use f (R in equation [7] _pi) the resuspended relation of form is called as and adds West Asia 1993 models.

For the sediment with Monosized powder, above shown in resuspended relation [3] can be simplified, this is because all characterize interactional λ and two between varigrained sedimentary particle

person is reduced to 1.Function Z _itherefore can be represented as

$Z_i=\frac{u^{*}}{v_{\mathrm{si}}}f\left(R_{\mathrm{pi}}\right).---\left[8\right]$

Use the resuspended relation of equation [8] to be generally used for studying flume test.

Another example of spendable resuspended function is from Akiyama and Fukushima.In this resuspended function, the resuspended speed that the sediment of granularity bin i enters stream is:

$E_i=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{0.3v}_{\mathrm{si}}{G}_i,& Z_i>{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="Z\; m"\; filenames="HPA00001389671500042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Z</figure-callout>}}_m\\ 3\&times;{10}^{-12}{Z_i}^{10}(1-\frac{Z_c}{Z_i})v_{\mathrm{si}}{G}_i,& Z_c\&le;Z_i\&le;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="Z\; m"\; filenames="HPA00001389671500021.png,HPA00001389671500042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Z</figure-callout>}}_m\\ 0,& Z_i<Z_c\end{array}\right.---\left[9\right]$

Wherein Z _c=5 and Z _m=13.2.Z _icalculating identical with the calculating as shown in equation [3] or [8].

Resuspended relation shown in equation [1] and [9] is to use any flow model, calculates the essential closure relation of sediment transport under field conditions (factors).The example of these flow models comprises the flow model of depth-averaged, full 2D flow model and full 3D flow model.Here, full 2D and 3D flow model refer to model like this, and wherein the change in the vertical direction of fluidity matter and deposit concentration is the variable of controlling flow equation.The for example Fluent of many flow models or the Flow3D that in existing business software, use belong to this row.

In the time using depth-averaged flow model, another essential important closure relation is r ₀relation between (it represents the ratio of the degree of depth of the nearly end and depth-averaged deposit concentration) and this stream and sediment situation.In the time that sediment is carried by turbulent flow, sediment skewness in vertical direction, but form certain deposit concentration curve.Normally, in stream bottom, the sedimental concentration ratio of (, the most approaching bed) is higher on stream top.Nearly bottom sediment concentration just refers to the deposit concentration of the position of side in bed.Physical location is regarded model parameter conventionally.The scope of representative value is that distance from equaling the largest particles diameter is in bed to 10% of flow depth degree.

R ₀the most frequently used expression formula is constant approximate value, wherein

r ₀＝const [10]

Wherein constant typically has the value scope between 1.0 to 2.5.R ₀another expression formula be

r ₀＝1+31.5μ ^-1.46 [11]

Wherein

$\mathrm{\&mu;}=\frac{u^{*}}{v_s}---\left[12\right]$

Shear rate u ^*with particle falling speed v _sratio.In the sedimental potpourri with sizes particle, corresponding to the sedimentary particle in size bin i, above r in equation _0iand v _sican be replaced by respectively equation r ₀and v _s.R ₀other expression formula comprise linear forms

r ₀＝2.0761-0.0108μ [13]

With simple power function form

r ₀＝2.2461μ ^-0.0772 [14]

Similar with equation [10] and [11], for the potpourri of sizes granular deposit, r _0ibe replaced by r ₀and v _sibe replaced by v _s.

The relation of the resuspended function shown in equation [1], [9], [10], [11], [13] and [14] and the nearly end and the deposit concentration of depth-averaged mainly has minimum particle mean size and obtains with the flume test of the sediment potpourri with narrow granularity branch from using.Although these equations are applicable in these environment, in the time being applied to the condition of some real world, in all equations, find important defect and significantly inconsistent.Now, discuss these defects and inconsistent in detail.

Since at the dimensionless entrainment rate E shown in equation [2] _siz _imonotonic quantity, can select so threshold value Z _tto limit the beginning of obvious suspension.According to equation [3] or [8], Z _ishear flow speed u ^*with granularity D _ifunction.Therefore, curve Z _i(u ^*, D _i)=Z _tcan be at u ^*in-D figure, draw and think any Z _tbe chosen in u ^*the position that in-D space, indication obviously suspends and starts.

Figure 1A shows to use and adds West Asia paper model and corresponding to three different Z _tselect---being respectively 1,5 and 10---curve Z of acquisition _i(u ^*, D _i)=Z _tdiagram 11,12 and 13.Figure 1B shows to use and adds West Asia 1993 models and corresponding to identical Z _tthe curve 21,22 and 23 that value obtains.For relatively, dimension D is in bed described _ithe Shields curve 14 of the needed critical shear speed of particle setting in motion, be also plotted in Figure 1A and 1B.Shields curve is formed by flume test and uses in many end load carrying relations.For further comparison, u ^*=v _s(D _i) curve 15 be also plotted in Figure 1A and 1B.Curve 15 illustrates dimension D _ithe shear rate of particle when there is the value identical with falling speed.In most of the cases, as shear flow speed u ^*< v _s(D _i) time, can there is not obvious suspension.Therefore, the lower limit of this curve for suspending and starting to provide.

As expected, Figure 1A illustrates with different numerical value Z with 1B _t=1, Z _t=5 and Z _t=10 curve differences of drawing.Larger Z _tthe threshold value that the suspension of value hint starts is higher, and therefore, to the higher u of identical D correspondence ^*threshold value.Conventional value is Z _t=5.

From Figure 1A and 1B, just can find out immediately, the sediment that is greater than about 1.5mm for granularity uses that to add West Asia paper model and add the result that the obvious suspension of West Asia 1993 the two acquisition of model starts be incorrect.Particularly, this curve prediction exceedes 1.5mm, shear flow speed u along with granularity D increases ^*to reduce.This and larger particles is heavier and difficult movement, and the general knowledge that therefore low weight particle is more unlikely suspended is contrary.But result shown in Figure 1A implies that the particle of suspension diameter 1.5mm needs larger flowing velocity than the particle of suspension diameter 100mm improperly.

Second of resuspended model inconsistent curve that is the obvious suspension of drawing starts in Figure 1A and 1B declines far below u above ^*=v _sthe sedimental Shields curve of curve and coarsegrain.Observe by accounting for the leading suspended sediment most of natural river characterizing of loading and be plotted in curve u ^*=v _stop.Be plotted in u ^*=v _sit is leading that natural river major part between curve and Shields curve is that end load (bed load) accounts for, and wherein sedimental suspension is not remarkable.In the time that curve 11-13 and 21-23 decline even lower than the sedimental Shields curve of coarsegrain, can not the sedimental behavior of Accurate Prediction coarsegrain for generation of the resuspended model of curve 11-13 and 21-23.

If use Z _t=5 curves 12,22 are as standard, so when using the curve prediction starting that obviously suspends to have the sedimental shear flow speed u that is greater than for example 4mm granularity ^*time, identical inconsistently become more obvious.In this case, Z _t=5 curves 12,22 times are reduced to the sedimental Shields curve 14 of all D of having > 4mm, and this hint is at the u occurring than load of any end ^*the u that critical value is little ^*value is lower can be occurred obviously to suspend.Again, relate to the known function that obvious suspension starts---as drawn in Figure 1A and 1B, be obviously incorrect.

The curve starting corresponding to the obvious suspension that adds West Asia 1993 models (Figure 1B) is different from the curve (Figure 1A) that adds West Asia paper model, has increased the correction for the sedimentary particle of particulate Reynolds number adding in the paper model of West Asia.Mistake during this correction has reduced adding West Asia paper model---being reduced to minimum sedimental Shields curve under the curve starting that wherein suspends---.For example, in the time that grain size of sediment is less than about 0.05mm, the curve corresponding to Z=5 in Figure 1A is reduced to Shields curve 14 12 times.Although be also reduced to down the Shields curve 14 of minimum grain size of sediment corresponding to the curve 22 of Z=5 in Figure 1B, when granularity is decreased to while being less than about 0.008mm, there is this intersection.Therefore, just initially add West Asia paper model and make improvement although add West Asia 1993 models, every curve remains convex corresponding to the part of particulate, as the situation of Figure 1A.This convexity of curve is being also obvious corresponding to oarse-grained curved portion.The convex property prediction of curve has the sedimental cumulative better sequence (sorting) of the particle mean size reducing gradually of D < 0.07mm, and itself and field observation are inconsistent.In this content, sequence refers to how fluid stream makes sediment deposition.Suppose that larger, heavier sediment deposited before less, lighter sediment.

The convex character of the particulate Reynolds number part of curve 11-13,21-23 also causes the sedimental slope of a curve having from 0.02mm to 0.07mm granularity at these to approach zero.This hint is for the sediment of the Monosized powder in this particle size range, and sedimental resuspended speed can significantly not change.But in this case, if interactional (terms) between the varigrained sediment shown in equation [3] is also considered, add so the measurable contrary sequence of West Asia 1993 model (, fluid stream less sediment of deposition before larger sediment).In Fig. 2, the resuspended speed E of dimensionless sediment _sbe plotted as the function of varigrained shear flow speed in potpourri, as follows: by more shallow solid line 25 illustrate the granularity of 6.25 microns, by dotted line 26 illustrate the granularity of 12.5 microns, by a dotted line 27 illustrate the granularity of 25 microns, by darker solid line 28 illustrate the granularity of 50 microns, by the circle 29 of drawing illustrate the granularity of 100 microns, by draw square 30 illustrate the granularity of 200 microns, by draw+numbers 31 the granularity of 400 microns is shown and by the triangle 32 of drawing, the granularity of 800 microns is shown.Equation [3] and [7] (adding West Asia 1993 models) are used to the result shown in acquisition figure.Can know and find out the resuspended speed E of dimensionless from Fig. 2 _salong with grain size of sediment increases and reduces, except when granularity is while being 50 microns.Contrary with expection, the resuspended speed of sedimental dimensionless with 50 micron granularities is greater than the sedimental resuspended speed of the more small grain size with 25 microns and 12.5 microns.Therefore be, incorrect by the result that adds West Asia 1993 model predictions.

Inconsistent similar with above-mentioned existing resuspended function, the known function of expressing the ratio between nearly bottom sediment concentration and depth-averaged value also has many obvious defects.Fig. 3 is presented at the ratio r between nearly bottom sediment concentration and depth-averaged concentration ₀as the function of μ, wherein μ=u ^*/ v _s.Be denoted as in the drawings that to add two groups of experimental datas of West Asia data group 34 (rhombus) and Graf data group 35 (circles) in the drawings drawn.That also illustrate in the drawings is r ₀various approximate values, for example approximate 36 by the constant shown in equation [10], by the simple linear matching 37 shown in equation [13], by the simple power function shown in equation [14] approximate 38 and from equation [11] and [12] calculating be similar to 39.According to the r of curve 36,37,38 ₀value---especially less μ value (, being less than 10)---matching that has not been for experimental data 34,35.For example, in the time of μ → 0, approximate according to simple linear matching 37 and simple power function, r ₀value be respectively about 2.1 and 3.1.Note, μ → 0 has a little turbulent flow and sediment to raise a little to retain situation about being suspended in this stream corresponding to working as in stream.In these cases, sediment will be concentrated at the bottommost of stream mostly.Therefore, expection r ₀value is obviously greater than by the numerical value of these two Approximate predictions.

Approximate 39 seem for experimental data the 34, the 35th, a little better matching, but very little μ value is remained to major defect.Particularly, in approximate 39, in the time of μ → 0, r ₀→ ∞.This is incorrect.Suppose C _bfor closely bottom sediment concentration and C are depth-averaged deposit concentration.Nearly bottom sediment concentration C _bbe defined in the deposit concentration that equals certain mark δ place measurement of stream height apart from the distance of bed.The in the situation that of restriction, when all sediments are in the time that δ h is below horizontal, C _bδ h < Ch, wherein h is stream height.Therefore

in practice, 0.05 value is usually used as δ.In this case, r ₀the upper limit be 20.

The resuspended relation limiting in equation [1] and [3] is about u ^*continuous function.In the time that this resuspended relation form uses together with end load carrying equation---based on critical shear pressure, it contains cutoff threshold conventionally, there will be inconsistent.Fig. 4 is presented at the comparison of the end load carrying being represented by curve 40 and the volume carrying of per unit width q between the suspended load carrying being represented by curve 41.The end load carrying relation using in calculating is taken from the Ashida list of references of quoting herein.Use West Asia 1993 models that add that provide in equation [1], [3], [4], [5] and [7] to calculate suspended load.Calculating has been used sedimental 12 bins of the maximum particle size with the minimum particle size of 6.25 microns and 1.280cm and has supposed logarithm-be uniformly distributed.Result shown in Fig. 4 is corresponding to the sediment with 1.6mm granularity.For shear flow speed u ^*> 0.35, Fig. 4 illustrates that sediment transport accounts for leading by end load at first.Along with u ^*increase, as expected, suspended load becomes the key component of sediment transport.From figure, also can find out, for u ^*< 0.29, end load drops to zero, and this is because do not exceed critical shear flowing velocity.But, be different from end load, because E _su ^*continuous function, so suspended load is not zero.Although the speed of suspended load carrying also must be very little, the result hint of Fig. 4 1.6mm size sediment before the load carrying of any end occurs suspends, and this can not be correct.

Resuspended many problems of sediment and proposing in this article with the inconsistent of existing theory in turbulent flow.Need to eliminate these problems and inconsistent model.The invention provides such model.

Other relevant material can find in Publication about Document: U.S. Patent number 70201300; Akiyama, J. and Fukushima, Y. (1986), Entrainment of noncohesive sediment into suspension, 3 ^rdint.Symp.on River sedimentatiion, S.Y.Wang, H.W.Shen and L.Z.Ding, eds., Univ.of Mississippi, 804-813; Garcia, Ph.D thesis, University of Minnesota, 1989[inventor: need complete quoting here]; Garcia and Parker, Entrainment of bed sediment into suspension, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 117 (4), pp414-435,1991; Garcia and Parker, Experiments on the entrainment of sediment into suspension by a dense bottom current, Journal of Geophysical Research, 98 (C3), 4793-4807,1993; Garcia, M.H. (1999), Sedimentation and erosion hydraulics, Hydraulic design handbook, L.Mays, ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 6.1-6.113; Graf, W.H., (1971), Hydraulics of sediment transport.McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, N.Y.[inventor: need the page number here]; Parker, G., Fukushima, Y. and Pantin, H.M. (1986), Self-accelerating turbidity currents, J.Fluid Mech., vl71,145-181; Ashida, K. and Michiue, M. (1971), An investigation of river bed degradation downstream of a dam, Proc.14 ^thcongress of the IAHR.[inventor: need complete quoting]; And Garcia, M.H., Depositional turbidity currents laden with poorly sorted sediment, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, vl20, No.11, pp 1240, (1993).

Summary of the invention

In one embodiment, the present invention is the method for simulated oil gas-bearing formation.Evaluation represents the sediment erosion of observation and the data of deposition behavior.Adjust the parameter value in system of equations, so as the output of system of equations with accurately mate in whole about 10 microns of sedimental observed sediment erosion to about 10 cm range and deposition behavior for size.Be limited to the size-grade distribution of the starting condition of the sediment bed (sediment bed) in hydrocarbon zone.The system of equations with adjustment parameter value is applied to the starting condition of sediment bed.The output of system of equations represents how fluid stream affects sedimental erosion and deposition under the starting condition of sediment bed.Adjust the size-grade distribution of the starting condition of sediment bed based on the output of system of equations, to create a rear sediment riffling part with relative size-grade distribution.The predetermined number of times of a sediment riffling part after the system of equations with adjustment parameter value is applied to again.After the system of equations with adjustment parameter value is applied at every turn again, then the size-grade distribution of the rear sediment riffling part of adjustment.A sediment riffling part after using, creates hydrocarbon zone model.Output hydrocarbon zone model.

In another embodiment, the present invention is the method for extracting hydrocarbon from hydrocarbon zone.The system of equations that restriction is relevant with deposition to sediment erosion.In system of equations, at least one equation has adjustable parameter value so that the output of system of equations and the data consistent that represents observed sediment erosion and deposition behavior, so that system of equations is accurately simulated size in whole about 10 microns of sedimental sediment erosion and deposition behaviors to about 10 cm range.Set up the size-grade distribution of embryo deposit thing riffling part.System of equations is applied to embryo deposit thing riffling part.The output of system of equations represents how mobile fluid stream affects sedimental erosion and deposition.The size-grade distribution of embryo deposit thing riffling part is adjusted in output based on system of equations, to create a rear sediment riffling part with relative size-grade distribution.The predetermined number of times of a sediment riffling part after system of equations is applied to again.After using, a sediment riffling part creates hydrocarbon zone model.Output hydrocarbon zone model.The position of hydrocarbon is extracted in prediction from hydrocarbon zone.Extract hydrocarbon from hydrocarbon zone.

In another embodiment, the present invention is the method that builds hydrocarbon zone model.Obtain to sediment bed being formed by multiple sedimentary particle above fluid flow relevant information.Limit multiple sedimentary particle is counted to i according to the bin of size classes.To each bin, calculate the resuspended speed E of dimensionless that enters the sedimentary particle in flow field from sediment bed _si.Calculate the resuspended speed E of dimensionless according to following formula _si,

Wherein a _zequal about 1.3 × 10 ^-7, e _mbe the maximal value of the resuspended speed of dimensionless, ω is larger Z index,

less non-zero Z component, Z _cthe threshold value of resuspended beginning, and Z _ito be worth the variable that is subject at least partly the sedimentary particle particle size influences in each bin i.Use the resuspended speed of dimensionless to build hydrocarbon zone model.

Accompanying drawing explanation

By the following the detailed description and the accompanying drawings of limiting examples of research embodiment, foregoing and other advantage of the present invention can become obviously, wherein:

Figure 1A is the figure of the curve that shown that obvious suspension that prediction is used known expression formula to obtain starts;

Figure 1B is the figure of the curve that shown that obvious suspension that prediction is used other known expression formula to obtain starts;

Fig. 2 shows according to known expression formula the figure from the sedimental resuspended speed of different grain size of uniform mix;

Fig. 3 is the figure having shown according to ratio between the nearly bottom sediment concentration of its known multiple expression formula and depth-averaged concentration;

Fig. 4 is that comparison is according to the end load carrying of known expression formula and the figure of suspended load carrying;

Fig. 5 be relatively use that the present invention and known expression formula are calculated, be the figure of the resuspended speed of dimensionless of the function of Z;

Fig. 6 is the figure of the load carrying of the more sedimental end and suspended load carrying;

Fig. 7 is that comparison is according to the figure of different λ-functions of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the figure of the curve that starts from the obvious suspension of the different models including the present invention of comparison;

Fig. 9 is the figure having shown according to the varigrained sedimental resuspended speed of embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 10 is figure like this, and it has shown how the expression that uses resuspended function of the present invention the to produce curved needle starting that obviously suspends changes different γ values;

Figure 11 is figure like this, and it has shown that the expression that uses resuspended function of the present invention to produce obviously suspends the curved needle that starts to different Ξ _rphow value changes;

Figure 12 is that comparison is according to the r of of the present invention and existing model ₀the figure of value;

Figure 13 is figure like this, and it has shown the r producing according to the present invention ₀how value changes for different κ values;

Figure 14 is figure like this, and it has shown the r producing according to the present invention ₀how value changes for different θ values;

Figure 15 is the process flow diagram having shown according to the method for embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 16 is the process flow diagram having shown according to the method for another embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 17 is the process flow diagram that has shown other side of the present invention; With

Figure 18 is the calcspar having shown according to computer system of the present invention.

Preferred implementation describes in detail

In this part, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described.But, be with regard to the embodiment concrete for the present invention or concrete purposes with regard to describing, this is intended to is only the description that embodiment is provided for the purpose of illustration and only.Therefore, the invention is not restricted to the embodiment of following description, but, the present invention includes all possibilities, improvement and the equivalent of the spirit and scope that fall into claims.

Other symbols with regard to process, step, logical block, processing and the operation to data bit in computer memory represent, have the detailed description of some parts subsequently.These descriptions and expression be the technician of data processing field use pass on most effectively the means of its work essence to other those skilled in the art.In this detailed description, imagination process, step, logical block, processing etc. are step or the indications from consistent order (self-consistent sequence) that causes expected result.Step is those steps of the physical operations of requirement physical quantity.Although normally---unnecessary, the electric signal that this tittle adopts and can store in computer system, shifts, combines, relatively and otherwise operates or the form of magnetic signal.

Unless clearly statement in addition, as obvious according to discussion below, term is as " evaluation " " adjustment ", " restriction ", " application ", " apply again ", " adjust again ", " output ", " calculating ", " foundation ", " prediction ", " structure ", " establishment ", " acquisition ", " assessment ", " definition " etc. can refer to computer system, or the action of similar electronic computing device and process, its operation represents the data of interior physics (electronics) amount of the RS of computer system, and by this data transformation for representing similarly computer system memory or register or other this information storage, other data of physical quantity in transmission or display device.These are relevant to suitable physical quantity with similar term, and only for being applied to the convenient mark of this tittle.

Embodiments of the present invention also relate to the device for operating herein.This device can object out of need build especially, or it can comprise general computing machine, and it can optionally be started or be reconfigured by the computer program storing in computing machine.This computer program can be stored in computer-readable medium.Computer-readable medium comprises the mechanism of the information that stores or transmit for example computing machine of machine (herein, " machine " and " computing machine " synonym uses) readable form.As nonrestrictive example, computer-readable medium (for example can comprise computer-readable storage media, ROM (read-only memory) (" ROM "), random access memory (" RAM "), disc storage medium, optical storage medium, flash memory device etc.), with computer-readable transmission medium (for example, transmitting signal electricity, optics, acoustics or other forms of (for example, carrier wave (carrier wave), infrared signal, digital signal etc.)).

In addition,, as obvious to various equivalent modifications, module of the present invention, feature, attribute, method and other aspects can be used as software, hardware, firmware or their combination in any and carry out.No matter somewhere assembly of the present invention is carried out as software, so this assembly can be used as independently program, as compared with a part for large program, as multiple stand-alone programs, as the storehouse of static state or dynamic link, as in endorse insmod (kernel loadable module), as device driver and/or with computer programming those skilled in the art now or following each and any other mode of knowing carry out.In addition, the invention is not restricted to carry out in any specific operating system or environment.

Aspect of the present invention provides and overcomes defect previously discussed and inconsistent new model and expression formula.The present invention can---1D, 2D or 3D---middle use at any theory or digital model, to provide calculating essential resuspended (erosion) relation of sedimental carrying, erosion and deposition and nearly low and depth-averaged deposit concentration ratio in reality.Then, these theoretical and digital models use in can and extracting hydrocarbon from hydrocarbon zone at the Geologic modeling of for example reservoir structure and character explanation, oil and gas reservoir.

For the sedimental resuspended or entrainment rate that evaluation and calculating enter the granularity bin i of stream from bed, the present invention is from following known relation formula

E _i＝E _siV _siG _i [15]

But, calculate as follows the resuspended speed E of dimensionless _si

In this equation, a _zthat constant also typically has 1.3 × 10 ^-7value, and e _mequal the resuspended speed E of dimensionless _simaximal value, as previously discussed about equation [2].In addition, index ω is called as " larger Z function index " and index

be called as " less Z function index ".The value of ω can change between 1 and 20,

value can be

between change.In most situation, for ω, can use the value between 4 and 5, and for

can use the value of 5-ω.

The resuspended speed E of dimensionless shown in evaluation equation [16] _simethod comprise the threshold value Z of resuspended beginning _c.The comparison of the resuspended speed of dimensionless between the curve 52 that Fig. 5 has represented to obtain at the curve 51 obtaining from equation [2] with from equation [16].With parameter ω=4.8,

the curve 52 of Z=3.5 accounting equation [16].Fig. 5 demonstration only approaches Z when the value of Z drops to _cwhen level, curve 52 deflection curves 51.While use together with---it uses critical shear pressure as any Sediment mobilization starts in bed threshold value conventionally---when resuspended function and end load carrying function, the possibility that can be incorporated to suspension threshold value is particularly useful.Suitably select Z _ccan eliminate the inconsistent type as shown in Fig. 4 previously discussed herein.Fig. 6 has described the volume carrying of per unit width as the relation of the function of shear flow speed.As Fig. 4, curve 61 represents that end load carrying situation and curve 62 represent the suspended load that uses equation [2] to calculate.The suspended load calculating according to equation [16] is represented by curve 63.As can be seen from Figure, as shearing force speed u ^*when < 0.57, curve 63 remains on curve 61 belows.For u ^*< 0.3, does not have end load carrying.As shearing force speed u ^*when > 0.3, load along with u in the end ^*increase and increase.The new resuspended model representing for curve 63, until u ^*reach critical value 0.35, resuspended just generation.End load and suspended load the two all along with u ^*increase and increase.Suspended load keeps being less than end load, until u ^*reach value 0.57.After this, suspended load exceedes end load.This has corrected inconsistent in previous model, as seen in Fig. 6, wherein for u ^*< 0.34, curve 62 is through curve 61, and it implies mistakenly as the shear rate u that flows ^*when decline, account for leading carrying from end load and account for leading carrying conversion to suspended load.

According to the present invention, further defining variable Z _ifor

$Z_i=\mathrm{\&lambda;}\frac{u^{*}}{v_{\mathrm{si}}}f\left(R_{\mathrm{pi}}\right){\left(\frac{D_i}{D_{50}}\right)}^{\mathrm{\&upsi;}}---\left[17\right]$

Wherein, similar with equation [3], λ is correction function, u ^*shear flow speed, v _sito there is diameter D in i size bin _ithe settling velocity of sedimentary particle, f (R _pi) be Reynolds function, and D ₅₀it is the diameter of the sedimentary particle of the 50th percentage point in distribution.In addition, υ hides index (hiding exponent), and its sign is derived from the correction intensity of the dependent interaction between the different size particle in sediment potpourri, although υ can be set as 0.2, other value is possible.By can optimally determining υ value according to experience to known experimental data group model of fit.In the time lacking enough experimental datas, can use value 0.2.

In equation [17], λ=λ (σ _Φ) be for the Z with the sedimental bed of assorted size _ithe function of correction is provided.The invention is not restricted to use the known function of λ, as represented in equation [4].The poor bed of sequence causes little λ value conventionally, this is because observe, with from having compared with the sedimental bed of better sequence, if sediment from the sedimental bed with poor sequence, the resuspended speed of the sedimentary particle of intended size is conventionally less so.The present invention alternately uses function

$\mathrm{\&lambda;}=(1-{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_{\&infin;})e^{-\frac{{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{\mathrm{\&Phi;}}}{{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{\mathrm{\&Phi;}0}}}+{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_{\&infin;}---\left[18\right]$

Wherein

${\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{\mathrm{\&Phi;}0}=\frac{-{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{\mathrm{\&Phi;c}}}{\ln \left(\frac{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_c-{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_{\&infin;}}{1-{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_{\&infin;}}\right)}.---\left[19\right]$

In equation [18] and [19], λ _∞it is the asymptotic value of λ.For the poorest sequence situation, it is the lower limit of λ.Experimental data shows λ _∞possible range be 0 to 0.811.But, because at present available experimental data is limited, so 0.811 be less than other λ between 1 value _∞value is perhaps possible.In these equations, σ _{Φ c}and λ _cbe model parameter, there is respectively value 0.673 and 0.811, if but according to made ground system, advised as the experiment of the observations such as river, delta, seabed passage or field survey, other value is possible so.

Fig. 7 has compared λ and σ _Φbetween relation.Curve 71 is drawn according to equation [4] and is seemed consistent with experimental data point 72.But, work as σ _Φbe greater than at 3.5 o'clock, the value of λ is born, and this is physically impossible.On the contrary, use equation [18] and [19] guarantee λ be on the occasion of.This is from corresponding to λ _∞=0.25 curve 73 and corresponding to λ _∞in=0.6 curve 74, can find out.

Another feature of the present invention is the Reynolds function f (R being used as in equation [3] and [17] _pi) form.This new Reynolds function can be expressed as

Wherein, R _pcbe critical particle Reynolds number, it has typical case but unessential value 2.36 (value that is selected from 1 to 10 scope is possible); Ξ _rpf (R _pi) the upper limit and there is 1 to 30 value scope (discovery value 5 is suitable in many examples); With χ be index, for this index, find that 0.6 is suitable value (value that is selected from 0 to 1 scope is possible).In addition R, _p0with γ be two other model parameters.Find to be applicable to R _p0the example of value be 1.13621, be possible although be selected from the value of 0.1 to 10 scope.The example of finding the value that is applicable to γ is 1.35, is possible although be selected from the value of 0.1 to 10 scope.The value of exponential sum variable disclosed herein draws the best-fit of experiment and field observation value by searching.

Fig. 8 has shown the curve 81 that expression starts according to the obvious suspension of new resuspended model described herein.Also describe respectively and added West Asia paper model and add the curve 12,22 that West Asia 1993 models calculate according to previously discussed.Curve shown in figure is all curves of Z=5.From Fig. 8, can be clear that curve 81 is along with granularity increases and monotone increasing.Curve 81 has spill corresponding to the part of smaller particle size (, the about 0.3mm of D <) particle.Curve 81 is reduced to no longer down Shield curve 14 corresponding to the part of larger coarsegrain particle, but tightly follows u ^*=v _scurve 15.Therefore, new resuspended model disclosed herein has solved many problems relevant to the previous model of discussing herein---if not all problems.

For further illustrating improvement of the present invention, Fig. 9 has shown the dimensionaless speed E that is plotted as varigrained shear flow velocity function in potpourri _s, as following: curve 91 shows that 6.25 micron granularities, curve 92 show that 12.5 micron granularities, curve 93 show that 25 micron granularities, curve 94 show that 50 micron granularities, curve 95 show that 100 micron granularities, curve 96 show that 200 micron granularities, curve 97 show that 400 micron granularities and curve 98 show 800 micron granularities.Use the value in the resuspended function calculating chart 9 in equation [17] and [20].Comparison diagram 9 and Fig. 2, can find out, the problem of sorting by reversals no longer exists.In other words, the resuspended speed of dimensionless is along with granularity increase reduces unlimitedly.

Figure 10 has shown the variation as the shear flow velocity amplitude of the function of grain size of sediment D, and it is to use equation [17]-[20]---wherein Z=5---to calculate for γ different value.The relation of recalling between shear flow speed and grain size of sediment may be the forecast (predictor) of resuspended beginning.Particularly, curve 101 represents that γ=0.5, curve 102 represent that γ=0.85, curve 103 represent that γ=1, curve 104 represent that γ=1.2, curve 105 represent that γ=1.35, curve 106 represent that γ=1.45, curve 107 represent that γ=1.5 and curve 108 represent γ=1.55.Adding West Asia paper curve 12 is also shown for comparing.Be greater than the sediment of D ≈ 0.6mm for granularity, for the γ value of all tests, curve 101-108 is overlapping.Figure 10 shows that different γ values affects the resuspended relation in small grain size scope.

Figure 11 shows to use to have parameter Ξ _rpthe variation of the curve of the obvious resuspended beginning that equation [17]-[20] of the different choice of---it is the variable that is illustrated in the Reynolds equation upper limit in equation [20]---produce.Particularly, selected value Ξ _rp=2.5,5,10 and 20 are represented by curve 111,112,113 and 114 respectively.Show the curve 12 and the representative function u that produce with adding West Asia paper model ^*=v _scurve 15 to make comparisons.Curve 111-114 is overlapping for little grain size of sediment, still initial separating in 0.1 < D < 1 scope.Figure 11 shows upper limit variable Ξ _rpdifferent value affect the resuspended relation in coarsegrain scope.

The resuspended function of equation [16] can use the deposit concentration ratio r with the nearly end of evaluation and depth-averaged together with new method ₀.New method can be expressed as

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="r"\; filenames="HPA00001389671500021.png,HPA00001389671500042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}}_0=\frac{1-{\mathrm{\&delta;r}}_{\&infin;}}{1-\mathrm{\&delta;}}[\frac{1}{(\hat{u}+\mathrm{\&delta;})-\hat{u}{e}^{-\frac{(1-\mathrm{\&delta;})}{\hat{u}}}}+\frac{r_{\&infin;}-1}{1-{\mathrm{\&delta;r}}_{\&infin;}}]---\left[21\right]$

Wherein

$\hat{u}={\left(\mathrm{\&kappa;}\frac{u^{*}}{v_s}\right)}^{\mathrm{\&theta;}}.---\left[22\right]$

Here, δ is the mark that defines the flow depth degree of the position of concentration of the nearly end.In most of the cases, discovery value δ=0.05th, is applicable to, although other value is also possible.In equation [21], r _∞r ₀lower limit.In theory, r _∞should be 1.According to empirically, r _∞higher a little value seem to provide better result.Find r _∞the scope of representative value between 1 and 2.In equation [22], κ and θ are model parameters.By the data of testing in matching real-world applications, can obtain these parameters.In most applications, the scope of the value of κ is 0.1 to 1, and the scope of θ is 0.5 to 3, although other value is also possible.

Figure 12 illustrates according to the curve 121 of equation [21] and [22] generation.Other curve 36-39 uses r ₀existing model produce, as discussed with respect to FIG. 3.For calculated curve 121, δ=0.05, r _∞=1.65, κ=0.3, and θ=1.Can know and find out that the curve 121 that is used in the model generation of expressing equation [21] and [22] meets available test figure group (rhombus 34 and circle 35 are indicated) very much from Figure 12---and better than the curve 36-39 that represents existing model.

How the variation of Figure 13 display model parameter κ is revised according to the curve of equation [21] and [22] generation.Curve 121 is identical with the curve 121 in Figure 12, wherein κ=0.3.For curve 131, κ=0.1, for curve 132, κ=1.0. Curve 36 and 39 represents the output of the existing model of previously having explained.Again, all values of the κ shown in Figure 13 provides better matching than the curve that represents existing model to test figure 34,35.

How the variation of Figure 14 display model parameter θ is revised according to the curve of equation [21] and [22] generation.Curve 121 is identical with the curve 121 in Figure 12, wherein θ=1.For curve 141, θ=0.5 and for curve 142, θ=2.0.The output of the existing model that curve 36 and 39 representatives had previously been explained.Again, represent that at all values ratio of the θ shown in Figure 14 existing model provides better matching to test figure 34,35.

Reference flow sheet, can understand case method better.Although for simplifying the object of explaining, graphic method illustrates and is described as a series of squares, but the order that should be appreciated that square does not limit the method, because some squares can be with occur in sequence and/or with other squares of illustrating and describe simultaneously occur different from other squares that illustrate and describe.And not every diagram square all requires for carrying out case method.Square can in conjunction with or be separated into multiple constituent elements.And method that add and/or optional can adopt unshowned additional square herein.Although illustrate in figure that each action recurs, it should be understood that each action can recur, occur side by side substantially and/or occur at substantially different time points.

Figure 15 shows according to the process flow diagram of the method 150 of embodiment of the present invention.At square 151 places, receive information or the data relevant to three-dimensional flow field above sediment bed, wherein sediment bed accessory has size-grade distribution G.As the previously explanation in equation [15], sedimental resuspended be the function of granularity.At square 152 places, size-grade distribution G is subdivided into many bins, and wherein each bin is illustrated in the different grain size scope within size-grade distribution G.At square 153 places, use sedimentary particle (as, size and density) and the known features calculating shear flow speed u of fluid (as, viscosity) ^*.At square 154 places, each bin is calculated to Reynolds function f (R _pi).At square 155 places, each bin is calculated to parameters sortnig σ _Φ.At step 156 place, use the value calculated correction function λ of the parameters sortnig calculating at square 155 places.

Once λ and f (R _pi) be known, at square 157 places to each bin computing function Z _i.At square, resuspended speed E calculates to each bin in 158 places _si.Then, can determine clean erosion and deposition speed, as represented in square 159.Then, can export this information to geologic model, it can be used for carrying out hydrocarbon zone performance simulation, is new well chosen position, assessment hydrocarbon reserves, plans reservoir exploitation strategy and carry out similar operations in one embodiment, and all these contribute to extract hydrocarbon from the hydrocarbon zone of simulation thus.

The present invention is used in and on three-dimensional flow field, is not easy or can not acquired information or the situation of data.Figure 16 is the process flow diagram that shows the method 161 of another embodiment according to the present invention.At square 162 places, receive information or the data relevant to the average flow field of two-dimensional depth above sediment bed, wherein sediment bed accessory has size-grade distribution G.At square 163 places, size-grade distribution G is subdivided into many bins, and wherein each bin is illustrated in the different grain size scope within size-grade distribution G.Then,, at square 164-169 place, complete respectively u ^*, f (R _pi), σ _Φ, λ, Z _i, and E _sicalculating or determine, as previously discussed herein.At square 170 places, the deposit concentration speed r of the nearly end and depth-averaged ₀determined.Then, can calculate clean erosion and deposition, as represented in square 171, and at square 172 places, export result to geologic model, for example, as discussed previously.Geologic model can be used for being identified for the best way of the hydrocarbon zone extraction hydrocarbon from having been simulated like this.

Figure 17 is process flow diagram according to other aspects of the invention.At square 181 places, evaluation represents the sediment erosion of observation and the data of deposition behavior.This data can be taken from the observed reading of real world or the experiment from control.At square 182 places, adjust the parameter in system of equations so that the output of described system of equations exactly matching size in whole about 10 microns of sedimental observed sediment erosion and deposition behaviors to about 10 cm range.As previously discussed, except equation disclosed herein, do not have known system of equations exactly matching size in whole about 10 microns of sedimental observed sediment erosion and deposition behaviors to about 10 cm range.System of equations comprises one or more of equation [16]-[22].The controlled parameter of its numerical value can be ω as defined herein, z _c, υ, λ _∞, σ _{Φ c}, λ _c, R _pc, Ξ _rp, χ, R _p0, λ, r _∞, one or more in κ or θ, or can be other parameters of definition in equation [16]-[22].If desired, in capable of regulating system of equations, exceed the parameter of.At square 183 places, limit the size-grade distribution of the starting condition of sediment bed.This restriction can comprise how the sediment that limits various sizes is initially deposited on sediment bed and/or along sediment bed and deposit.Starting condition can represent the present situation of sediment bed, or can represent alternatively the state of sediment bed at some time in the past.At square 184 places, the described system of equations with adjustment parameter value is applied to the starting condition of sediment bed.How fluid stream in the output of described system of equations affects sedimental erosion and deposition under the starting condition of sediment bed if being expressed.At square 185 places, based on the output of described system of equations, adjust the size-grade distribution of the starting condition of sediment bed, thus and the rear sediment riffling part of establishment.A rear sediment bed accessory has relative size-grade distribution, and after it is illustrated in fluid stream and sediment interaction section preset time, how sediment is deposited on sediment bed and/or along sediment bed deposits.Depend on many variablees and parameter for example sediment size and flow velocity, fluid stream will corrode some sediments and deposit some sediments along sediment bed in many places again.Due to subsurface reservoir as hydrocarbon zone thousands of or millions of years during form, so by system of equations single application in sediment riffling part may not can the formation of predicting oil/gas layer exactly.Therefore,, if think necessary, at square 186 places, the system of equations with adjustment parameter value is applied to the rear predetermined number of times of a sediment riffling part again.Based on the reservoir formation time of estimating, select predetermined number of times to approach the condition of hydrocarbon zone.Therefore, predetermined number can be arbitrary number, but typically approximately thousands of, millions of or even tens million of.At square 187 places, after the system of equations with adjustment parameter value is applied at every turn again, then the size-grade distribution of the rear sediment riffling part of adjustment.After adjusting the predetermined number of times of a rear sediment riffling part, how the measurable sediment of sediment riffling part is deposited in hydrocarbon zone again, and at square 188 places, can or create hydrocarbon zone model with its structure.This reservoir model can provide about the information of the sedimental current location of different size in reservoir and can therefore predict exactly perviousness, and/or affects other factors that hydrocarbon extracts.At square 189 places, reservoir model is output to display, computer printout output or computer-readable storage medium.At square 190 places, reservoir model can be used for the optimum position of prediction from reservoir extraction hydrocarbon.At square 191 places, use known hydrocarbon extractive technique to extract hydrocarbon from hydrocarbon zone.

Invention described herein provide relate to sediment flow and resuspended equation, expression formula and relational expression, for example equation [16]-[22].These equations can be used in combination to [4] with any known expression formula and for example equation of concept [1], to predict sediment behavior or to meet better empirical data for given prediction scheme (scene, scenario).For example, referring to Figure 15, Reynolds equation f (R _pi) (square 154) and correction equation λ (square 156) can use respectively equation [20] and [18]-[19] to calculate, and Z _i(square 157) and resuspended speed E _si(square 158) can use respectively the equation [3] of previously known and [2] to calculate.Similarly, any other of known concept and concept of the present invention combines within the scope of the invention.In addition, many parameters and variable are defined herein, and its value is determined by the result of the sediment/flow behavior of evaluation test findings or observation.The value of parameter disclosed herein and variable can change with corresponding to or meet additional data group.These variations of parameter/variate-value are considered within the scope of the invention.

Figure 18 describes the calcspar of computing environment 200, and this computing environment can be carried out according to one or more disclosed method of the present invention.Computing environment 200 comprises system computer 230, and this system computer can be used as personal computer or the workstation of any conventional and carries out such as the workstation based on UNIX.System computer 230 is communicated by letter with 233 with disk storage device 229,231, each of this magnetic disk storage devices can be the computer-readable recording medium of any known type, such as outside harddisk storage device, itself or be connected directly to system computer or use LAN (Local Area Network) or conduct interviews by remote access.Although disk storage device 229,231 is illustrated as with 233 the device separating, as required, single disk storage device can be for storing any and all programmed instruction, measurement data and result.

In one embodiment, input data are stored in disk storage device 231.System computer 230 can be retrieved suitable data from disk storage device 231, carries out evaluation of reservoirs and model creation with basis corresponding to the programmed instruction of method described herein.Can be with computer programming language such as the instruction of the writing program such as C++, Java.Programmed instruction can be stored in computer-readable memory such as in program disk memory storage 233.System computer 230 provides main output on graphic alphanumeric display 227, or provides alternatively to printer 228.System computer 230 can be stored in the result of said method on magnetic disk memory 229, for using after a while and further analyzing.Keyboard 226 and pointing device (pointing device) (for example, mouse, tracking ball or analog) 225 can offer system computer 230 can carry out interactive operation.System computer 230 can be positioned at the data center away from reservoir.In addition; although foregoing description is in the situation of the computer executable instructions that can move on one or more computing machine; but it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that claimed theme also can be combined with other program modules carries out and/or carries out as the combination of hardware and software.

The embodiments of the present invention of discussing are herein embodiments of the invention, should be appreciated that and can allow various modifications and alternative form.The present invention is not intended to be limited to disclosed embodiment.In fact, the present invention includes that all in the spirit and scope that fall into claim substitute, modification and equivalent.

Claims (20)

1. a method that builds the digital model of hydrocarbon zone, comprising:

Evaluation represents the data of the sediment erosion of observing in hydrocarbon zone and deposition behavior;

Adjust the parameter value in system of equations, so that the output of described system of equations with accurately mate in whole 10 microns of sediment erosion to the sedimental described observation of 10 cm range and deposition behavior for size, wherein said system of equations comprises the equation that represents to enter from described sediment bed the resuspended speed of sediment dimensionless of fluid stream, wherein for the sediment bin i of each size-restriction, calculate the resuspended speed of described dimensionless according to following equation

Wherein a _zequal about 1.3 × 10 ^-7, e _mmaximal value, the ω that is the resuspended speed of described dimensionless is larger Z index, its value be selected from 1 to 20 scope,

be less non-zero Z component, it has the value of 5-ω, Z _cthe threshold value of resuspended beginning, Z _ibe the variable that is worth the particle size influences that is subject at least partly the described sedimentary particle in bin i separately, and i is greater than 0 integer;

Be limited to the size-grade distribution of the starting condition of the sediment bed in described hydrocarbon zone;

The system of equations of parameter value with adjustment is applied to the described starting condition of described sediment bed, the output of wherein said system of equations represents how fluid stream affects described sedimental erosion and deposition under the described starting condition of described sediment bed;

Adjust the size-grade distribution of the starting condition of described sediment bed based on the described output of described system of equations, to create a rear sediment riffling part with relative size-grade distribution;

The system of equations of the described parameter value with adjustment is applied to the described rear predetermined number of times of a sediment riffling part again;

After the system of equations of the described parameter value with adjustment is applied at every turn again, then adjust the described size-grade distribution of a sediment riffling part afterwards;

Use a described rear sediment riffling part to create the digital model of described hydrocarbon zone; With

Export the described digital model of described hydrocarbon zone.

2. method according to claim 1, wherein ω has the value that is selected from 4 to 5 scopes.

3. method according to claim 1, wherein there is the value that is less than 2.

4. method according to claim 1, wherein calculates Z according to following equation _ivalue

$Z_i=\mathrm{\&lambda;}\frac{u^{*}}{v_{\mathrm{si}}}f\left(R_{\mathrm{pi}}\right){\left(\frac{D_i}{D_{50}}\right)}^v$

Wherein λ is correction function, and u* is shearing force speed, D _ithe diameter of the sedimentary particle in i bin, v _sito there is diameter D _ithe settling velocity of sedimentary particle, f (R _pi) be Reynolds function, the D for the sedimentary particle in i bin ₅₀be the diameter of the sedimentary particle of the 50th percentage point in size-grade distribution, v characterizes to be derived from multiple sedimentary particle the index of interactional correction intensity between different size particle, and i is greater than 0 integer.

5. method according to claim 4, wherein v has the value that is not equal to 0.2.

6. method according to claim 4, wherein calculates described correction function λ according to the following formula,

$\mathrm{\&lambda;}=(1-{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_{\&infin;})e^{\frac{{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{\mathrm{\&Phi;}}}{{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{\mathrm{\&Phi;}0}}}+{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_{\&infin;}$

Wherein λ _∞the lower limit of described correction function λ,

be the standard deviation of size-grade distribution, and calculate according to the following formula

${\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{\mathrm{\&Phi;}0}=\frac{-{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{\mathrm{\&Phi;c}}}{\ln \left(\frac{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_c-{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_{\&infin;}}{1-{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_{\&infin;}}\right)}$

Wherein and λ _cit is numerical variable.

7. method according to claim 6, wherein λ _∞the scope of value 0 to 0.811.

8. method according to claim 6, wherein

there is about 0.673 value.

9. method according to claim 6, wherein λ _cthere is about 0.811 value.

10. method according to claim 4, wherein calculates Reynolds function according to the following formula,

Wherein R _pcthe critical particle Reynolds number with the value that is selected from 1 to 10 scope, Ξ _rpbe the upper limit with the Reynolds function of the value that is selected from 1 to 30 scope, χ is the index with the value that is selected from 0 to 1 scope, R _p0be the parameter with the value that is selected from 0.1 to 10 scope, and γ is the index with the value that is selected from 0.1 to 10 scope, wherein R _pibe defined as

$R_{\mathrm{pi}}=\frac{{\left(\mathrm{Rg}{D}_i\right)}^{1/2}{D}_i}{v}$

Wherein R is sedimental proportion under water, and g is acceleration of gravity constant, and v is the kinematic viscosity of water, and D _iit is the diameter of sedimentary particle.

11. methods according to claim 10, wherein χ has about 0.6 value.

12. methods according to claim 10, wherein γ has about 1.35 value.

13. method according to claim 10, wherein Ξ _rpthere is about 5 value.

14. methods according to claim 1, wherein said system of equations comprises ratio r between the nearly bottom sediment concentration of expression and depth-averaged deposit concentration ₀equation, wherein ratio described in evaluation according to the following formula,

$r_0=\frac{1-{\mathrm{\&delta;r}}_{\&infin;}}{1-\mathrm{\&delta;}}[\frac{1}{(\hat{u}+\mathrm{\&delta;})-\hat{u}{e}^{-\frac{(1-\mathrm{\&delta;})}{\hat{u}}}}+\frac{r_{\&infin;}-1}{1-{\mathrm{\&delta;r}}_{\&infin;}}]$

Wherein δ is limiting the mark of the depth of flow of point of concentration of the nearly end, r _∞r ₀lower limit, according to the following formula calculate

$\hat{u}={\left(\mathrm{\&kappa;}\frac{u^{*}}{v_s}\right)}^{\mathrm{\&theta;}}$

Wherein k and θ are model parameters, v _sbe in sedimental settling velocity described in nearly bottom sediments region, and u* is shearing force speed.

15. methods according to claim 14, wherein δ has about 0.05 value.

16. method according to claim 14, wherein r _∞there is the value between 1 and 2.

17. methods according to claim 14, wherein k has the value between 0.1 to 1.

18. methods according to claim 14, wherein θ has the value between 0.5 to 3.

19. methods from hydrocarbon zone extraction hydrocarbon, comprising:

The system of equations that restriction is relevant with deposition to sediment erosion, in described system of equations, at least one equation has adjustable parameter value so that the output of described system of equations and the sediment erosion of expression observation and the data consistent of deposition behavior, so that described system of equations is accurately simulated size in whole 10 microns of sedimental sediment erosion to 10 cm range and deposition behavior, wherein said system of equations comprises the equation that represents to enter from described sediment bed the resuspended speed of sediment dimensionless of fluid stream, wherein for the sediment bin i of each size-restriction, calculate the resuspended speed of described dimensionless according to following equation,

Wherein a _zequal about 1.3 × 10 ^-7, e _mmaximal value, the ω that is the resuspended speed of described dimensionless is larger Z index, its value be selected from 1 to 20 scope,

be less non-zero Z component, it has the value of 5-ω, Z _cthe threshold value of resuspended beginning, Z _ibe the variable that is worth the particle size influences that is subject at least partly the described sedimentary particle in bin i separately, and i is greater than 0 integer;

Set up the size-grade distribution of embryo deposit thing riffling part;

Described system of equations is applied to described embryo deposit thing riffling part, and the output of wherein said system of equations represents how mobile fluid stream affects sedimental erosion and deposition;

The described size-grade distribution of described embryo deposit thing riffling part is adjusted in output based on described system of equations, to create a rear sediment riffling part with relative size-grade distribution;

Described system of equations is applied to the described rear predetermined number of times of a sediment riffling part again;

Use a described rear sediment riffling part to create the model of described hydrocarbon zone;

Export the model of described hydrocarbon zone;

The position of hydrocarbon is extracted in prediction from described hydrocarbon zone; With

Extract hydrocarbon from described hydrocarbon zone.

20. 1 kinds build the method for the digital model of sediment bed, comprising:

Obtain to sediment bed being formed by multiple sedimentary particle above fluid flow relevant information;

Limit described multiple sedimentary particle is counted to i according to the bin of size classes;

To each bin, calculate according to the following formula the resuspended speed E of dimensionless that enters the sedimentary particle in flow field from described sediment bed _si,

Wherein a _zequal about 1.3 × 10 ^-7, e _mbe the maximal value of the resuspended speed of described dimensionless, ω is larger Z index, less non-zero Z component, Z _cthe threshold value of resuspended beginning, Z _ibe the variable that is worth the particle size influences that is subject at least partly the described sedimentary particle in each bin i, and i is greater than 0 integer; With

Use the resuspended speed of described dimensionless to build the digital model of described sediment bed.

Images