CN102331719A - Method for controlling dynamic derating of hybrid electric vehicle based on thermal model - Google Patents
Method for controlling dynamic derating of hybrid electric vehicle based on thermal model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling dynamic derating of a hybrid electric vehicle based on a thermal model. The method comprises the following steps of: establishing an entire vehicle motion model and an electric driving power model; and establishing a thermal model which is partitioned into three levels, wherein a first level is used for measuring the temperature rise of each part based on a 3D (three-dimensional) part thermal model; a second level is an electric driving level thermal model which is used for establishing a thermal resistance network system model of each part by using the analysis result of the first level and adopting a simplifying method of a thermal node, and constituting an electric driving system thermal model by establishing a system thermal model of a motor, a battery and a controller; and a third level thermal model is an entire vehicle grade thermal model in which an environmental model for the working of an electric driving part and a cooling system model for the electric driving system and an entire vehicle interface are added on the basis of an electric driving subsystem thermal model. Due to the adoption of the method, temperature variation can be calculated specific to different working conditions of a certain specified vehicle type, and the temperature value obtained by calculating can be compared with a value acquired by using a sensor to predict the variation of the temperature at a next moment.
Description
Technical field
Patent of the present invention relates to a kind of algorithm of the dynamic derate control strategy based on thermal model, is particularly useful for hybrid vehicle.
Background technology
The temperature rise of motor, battery and controller variation has proposed new challenge to control strategy in the hybrid vehicle system, makes that the control strategy of hybrid vehicle is more complicated than orthodox car.Control strategy influences the temperature rise of motor, battery and controller, and temperature rise influences the life-span of motor, battery and controller, and the requirement in life-span influences control strategy again conversely; Therefore from the angle of system; Being a pair of contradiction between this three of control strategy, life requirements and fuel economy, is again dynamic coupled relation, if want the elongated component life-span; The motor output torque will be restricted; The output torque that engine distributes will increase, and this has influenced the power drive system performance, and then can influence fuel economy.The at present existing strategy of subduing has only been considered bad working environments, is a fixed policy, can not change with actual travel operating mode and each part temperatures of system and dynamically adjust.
The existing strategy of subduing of hybrid vehicle is to set a temperature threshold by rule of thumb, when somewhere temperature sensor read value rises to threshold value in motor and the controller, promptly gets into reduction mode; Temperature drops under the threshold value, then withdraws from reduction mode.This fixed policy has following defective:
1. do not consider the transient state property of temperature variation; Because the existence of thermal capacitance, sensor can only monitor current temperature, can not make judgement to the temperature variation of next time; This can cause actual temperature to be higher than the preset threshold temperature, influences the life-span of motor, battery and controller.
2. current to subdue in the strategy distribution of temperature monitoring point limited, focuses on other temperature of parts level, do not consider the heat distribution of total system.The thermal model of system comprises car load level, electric driving stage and parts level, close ties is arranged between at different levels, not only can monitor and predict after introducing thermal model the temperature of Full Vehicle System, and can manage the temperature value that diverse location collects etc.
3. some parts can't mounting temperature sensor, if there is not corresponding with it thermal model, then can't judges and predict the temperature of these parts, influences and subdues control accuracy.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention provides a kind of hybrid vehicle based on thermal model and dynamically subdues control method, and they can be to the different operating modes of a certain specific vehicle, and accounting temperature changes; And can the Temperature numerical that calculates and sensor acquisition to numerical value compare; Next variation is constantly predicted to temperature, simultaneously according to these temperature variation, in conjunction with the life curve of parts; Formulate and dynamically subdue strategy, the output torque of dynamic assignment motor and engine.
In order to solve above technical matters, the invention provides the dynamic derate control method of a kind of hybrid vehicle based on thermal model; Comprise: set up car load motion model, electricity driving dynamic model; Set up thermal model, be divided into three levels: first level is based on the parts thermal model of 3D, the temperature rise of measuring each parts; Second level is the thermal model that electricity drives level; Utilize the analysis result of first level, adopt the short-cut method of thermal center point, set up the thermal resistance network system model of each parts; Through foundation, constitute the power drive system thermal model to system's thermal model of motor, battery and controller; The thermal model of tri-layer is the thermal model of car load level, and it is on the basis of electric driver sub-system thermal model, adds the environmental model that electricity drives parts work, the cooling system model of power drive system and car load interface.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: can be directed against the different operating modes of a certain specific vehicle, and through high-tension battery, the thermal model of motor and controller; Accounting temperature changes, and can the Temperature numerical that calculates and sensor acquisition to numerical value compare, the variation in next moment of temperature is predicted; Simultaneously according to these temperature variation; In conjunction with the life curve of parts, formulate and dynamically subdue strategy, the output torque of dynamic assignment motor and engine.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is done further explain.
Fig. 1 dynamically subdues the control strategy schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the power drive system realistic model;
Fig. 3 is the hot simulated effect figure of parts;
Fig. 4 is a car load thermal model schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is a battery thermal model subsystem;
Fig. 6 is IGBT device temperature a---life curve.
Embodiment
The innovative point of this patent is exactly to be coupled together the life-span of motor, battery, controller and electric driveability and fuel economy through introducing thermal model, and the control strategy algorithm is subdued in formation dynamically.
Based on thermal model, drive (E-drive) dynamic model in conjunction with car load motion model and electricity, can realize dynamically subduing strategy according to the actual travel operating mode, thereby between part life and electric driveability, find equilibrium point, realize optimum control.Than the existing strategy of subduing, guaranteeing to improve the performance and the fuel economy of car load under the parts prerequisite in serviceable life.
Hybrid vehicle based on thermal model of the present invention is dynamically subdued the control strategy algorithm, can be to the different operating modes of a certain specific vehicle, through high-tension battery; The thermal model of motor and controller; Accounting temperature changes, and can the Temperature numerical that calculates and sensor acquisition to numerical value compare, the variation in next moment of temperature is predicted; Simultaneously according to these temperature variation; In conjunction with the life curve of parts, formulate and dynamically subdue strategy, the output torque of dynamic assignment motor and engine.
The present invention has set up three layers of hot realistic model: car load layer, electric Drive Layer and parts layer.Simultaneously car load motion model and electricity are driven dynamic model and include total system in.
To a certain specific blend power vehicle; Under a certain driving cycle,, obtain each data such as the speed of a motor vehicle, acceleration and brake constantly through analyzing driver's torque demand; In the input car load motion model, analyze and obtain engine and the required separately output torque that provides of motor.It as input, is got into electricity driving dynamical simulation model and analyze, obtain the working point of high-tension battery, motor and controller.With of the input of these data, calculate the temperature rise of these thermal models under the working environment that changes, the dynamic heat distribution of the electric Drive Layer of deriving thus and car load layer again as battery, motor and controller and other thermal model.
If part parts or electric drive environment temperature simulation result are too high, influence parts serviceable life, then power drive system gets into dynamic reduction mode; And information sent to entire car controller (VCU); Reduce the motor output torque, increase engine output torque simultaneously, to guarantee vehicle performance; If the localized heat environment recovery is normal, then withdraw from dynamic reduction mode, and information is sent to entire car controller (VCU), increase motor output torque ratio, reduce engine output torque simultaneously, to improve the car load rate of economizing gasoline.
If change the hybrid power vehicle, then need change relevant parameters, set up corresponding car load motion model and carry out emulation; If the hybrid power topological structure that adopts is different, then need change relevant parameters, the corresponding electricity of foundation drives dynamic model and carries out emulation; If change driving cycle, can obtain (like road conditions such as city, suburb, mountain regions) under the different road conditions through emulation, hybrid vehicle dynamically subdue strategy.
The present invention can instruct each parts type selecting of hybrid vehicle and assessment in serviceable life, and optimizes integrated vehicle control tactics, improves the fuel economy of vehicle and the power performance of car load.Model among the present invention is changed a little, also can carry out Temperature Failure pattern analysis and risk assessment to key components and partss such as IGBT, DC-link, DC/DC transducer, cooling water channels.
As shown in Figure 1, method of the present invention is for dynamically subduing control strategy.Be divided into to car load, electricity drive and three levels of parts, comprise that car load motion model, electricity drive dynamic model and system's thermal model, wherein system's thermal model is divided into car load again, electricity drives and three levels of parts.
Car load motion control model is set up by Matlab software.In parameter input models such as driving cycle and unloaded WT, engine displacement, coefficient of air resistance, front face area, tire radius, resistance to rolling, ratio of gear, gearing efficient, wheel inertia, can analyze and draw in the driving process each required output torque constantly.According to control strategy is that engine and motor distribute output torque separately.This parameter input electricity is driven in the dynamic model.
Electricity drives dynamic model and set up by Portunus software, mainly comprises high-tension battery, motor, electric machine controller and cooling system, and is as shown in Figure 2.Wherein, the main parts size of electric machine controller has inverter, cooled plate and DC/DC transducer.In the driving process that the car load simulation analysis is obtained each motor demand torque and speed of a motor vehicle input electricity drive dynamic model constantly; Obtain each working point of parts constantly, like high-tension battery output power, motor output torque, power, rotating speed, electric current, controller output current etc.In these parameter input parts thermal models.
Thermal model is divided into three levels:
First level is based on the parts thermal model of 3D, and by the hot simulation software foundation of 3D, for example Ansys, CFD tool software etc. are as shown in Figure 3.Hot simulation analysis through first level not only can obtain the temperature rise of parts under bad working environments, for example: can obtain key components and parts such as battery unit, rotor permanent magnetic steel, stator winding, controller IGBT, DC-link electric capacity and bus etc. and locate temperature rise separately.Simultaneously, also can combing know the heat transfer relation that each parts is inner.
Second level is the thermal model that electricity drives level, utilizes the analysis result of first level, adopts the short-cut method of thermal center point, sets up the thermal resistance network system model of each parts.Through foundation to system's thermal model of motor, battery and controller, constitute the power drive system thermal model, as shown in Figure 4.Utilize these thermal models just can carry out dynamic temperature computation and prediction to each parts.
The thermal model of tri-layer is the thermal model of car load level; It is on the basis of electric driver sub-system thermal model; The environmental model that adds the work of electricity driving parts; The cooling system model of power drive system and car load interface, A/C model for example, heat-exchanger model, evaporator model, fan model etc.
Electricity drives the moment of torsion of dynamic model output; Rotating speed and current signal get into electrically driven (operated) system thermal model; The power drive system model at first changes into power consumption output to these signals through the power consumption submodel, gets into the thermal resistance network model of each kernel component (motor, battery and controller), the temperature rise of calculating each parts; Simultaneously electrically driven (operated) system thermal model again with the environmental model and the cooling system submodel Dynamic Coupling of whole vehicle model; So not only can obtain the actual dynamic temperature of each parts and change, can also obtain the temperature variation of the cooling system of Full Vehicle System, utilize the temperature rise and the life curve of parts; As shown in Figure 5, can predict serviceable life of each parts.In addition, change the power input of vehicle, can obtain the high workload point duration of each parts, as shown in Figure 6.On this basis, be the formulation subduing of hybrid vehicle power drive system strategy, the output torque of dynamic assignment engine and motor.If each level environment temperature is too high, part life is exerted an influence, then reduce the motor output torque in real time, demand torque is mainly provided by engine.Each parts after subduing are carried out hot emulation once more,, then suitably improve motor output power and moment of torsion, let the engine most of the time be operated in efficient district, to save oil consumption in next period if each level environment temperature is all reduced in the zone of reasonableness.So circulation finishes until driving cycle.
The emulation case: hybrid vehicle runs into 200 meters long distances 10% climbing operating mode, through the emulation of car load level kinematics in the process of moving; Obtain the demand torque under this operating mode; This moment, engine and motor were exported than high pulling torque simultaneously, and substitution electricity driving stage kinetic model can obtain motor output power, rotating speed; The output power of PEU, output current etc.This moment, semiconductor power electron device IGBT etc. located to have bigger temperature rise, and caused the variation of whole power drive system thermal environment.Through heat and life model emulation, analyze influence to its life-span to these devices.In ensuing straight operating mode, change control strategy, motor is carried out dynamic derate control; Reduce output power and moment of torsion; The demand torque major part is born by engine, makes parts and power drive system temperature fall after rise to zone of reasonableness, can suitably increase the ratio of motor output power and moment of torsion; Reduce the engine output torque ratio, to improve the car load rate of economizing gasoline.
All leave interface between each model and the simulation software, be convenient to carry out associative simulation.Simulation result needs to verify through actual condition.Dynamically subdue strategy and also need in experiment, revise, do not influencing under the parts prerequisite in normal serviceable life, improve the ratio of motor output torque as far as possible, improve the purpose of Fuel Economy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles to reach.
The present invention is not limited to the embodiment that preceding text are discussed.More than the description of embodiment is intended in order to describe and explain the technical scheme that the present invention relates to.Based on the conspicuous conversion of the present invention enlightenment or substitute and also should be considered to fall into protection scope of the present invention.Above embodiment is used for disclosing best implementation method of the present invention, so that those of ordinary skill in the art can use numerous embodiments of the present invention and multiple alternative reaches the object of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. dynamic derate control method of the hybrid vehicle based on thermal model; It is characterized in that, comprising:
Set up car load motion model, electricity driving dynamic model;
Set up thermal model, be divided into three levels:
First level is based on the parts thermal model of 3D, the temperature rise of measuring each parts;
Second level is the thermal model that electricity drives level; Utilize the analysis result of first level, adopt the short-cut method of thermal center point, set up the thermal resistance network system model of each parts; Through foundation, constitute the power drive system thermal model to system's thermal model of motor, battery and controller;
The thermal model of tri-layer is the thermal model of car load level, and it is on the basis of electric driver sub-system thermal model, adds the environmental model that electricity drives parts work, the cooling system model of power drive system and car load interface.
2. the dynamic derate control method of the hybrid vehicle based on thermal model as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that said car load motion control model comprises driving cycle and unloaded WT, engine displacement, coefficient of air resistance, front face area, tire radius, resistance to rolling, ratio of gear, gearing efficient, wheel inertia.
3. the dynamic derate control method of the hybrid vehicle based on thermal model as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said electricity drives dynamic model and comprises high-tension battery, motor, electric machine controller and cooling system.The dynamic derate control method of hybrid vehicle based on thermal model as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that said first level is measured battery unit, rotor permanent magnetic steel, stator winding, controller IGBT, DC-link electric capacity and the temperature rise separately of bus place.
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| CN108875255A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-11-23 | 黑龙江科技大学 | Permanent magnet drive motor temperature rise analytical method based on electric car Real-road Driving Cycle |
| CN109344557A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-02-15 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | A kind of analysis method and system of automobile hot property |
| CN109975711A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-05 | 宝沃汽车（中国）有限公司 | Battery failure detection method and device |
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| CN114564850A (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-05-31 | 成都复锦功率半导体技术发展有限公司 | Electric-heating combined simulation method, system and terminal for power electronic system |
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| CN114995545A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-09-02 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Control method, device, equipment and medium for vehicle thermal management system |
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