CN102395335A - 椎体终板连接植入物和方法 - Google Patents

椎体终板连接植入物和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102395335A
CN102395335A CN2010800178428A CN201080017842A CN102395335A CN 102395335 A CN102395335 A CN 102395335A CN 2010800178428 A CN2010800178428 A CN 2010800178428A CN 201080017842 A CN201080017842 A CN 201080017842A CN 102395335 A CN102395335 A CN 102395335A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
nozzle
vertebral body
terminal plate
implant
intervertebral
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CN2010800178428A
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English (en)
Inventor
J·M·德威利
M·德沃莱克
C·G·费希尔
A·J·麦尔肯特
K·E·米勒
Y·R·兰姆普萨德
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Warsaw Orthopedic Inc
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Warsaw Orthopedic Inc
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Publication of CN102395335A publication Critical patent/CN102395335A/zh
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    • A61F2310/00179Ceramics or ceramic-like structures

Abstract

本发明的实施方式包括连接器件到骨头,例如椎骨的一块或更多块终板的植入物和方法。器件可包括机构用于通过延伸器件的部分通过椎骨植入物中的孔径,并在一块更多块椎骨内扩展植入物,来连接一块或更多块椎骨。在一些实施例中,填充材料可用来驱动扩展。

Description

椎体终板连接植入物和方法
背景技术
椎体终板的连接在至少一些脊柱融合过程中,并在至少一些椎体置换过程中有用。脊柱融合过程对恢复适当椎骨空隙并减轻神经上的压力和随之发生的疼痛经常有效。同样,有时必需根据各种病理从人脊柱去除一块或更多椎骨或椎骨的部分。例如,由于肿瘤生长因此椎骨中的一块或更多可损伤,或由于外伤或其它事件而损伤。椎骨的去除或切除可称为椎骨切除术。椎骨的通常前部或椎体的切除可称为椎体次全切除。植入物通常放置在剩余椎骨之间,从而作为椎体次全切除或椎骨切除术的一部分为脊柱提供结构支撑。这可通常称为椎体置换。
在本领域中终板连接传统上用螺钉、长钉、齿形件、龙骨、进入终板的穿透,以及各种其它紧固件和技术的帮助实现。然而,现有技术限制了提供解决方案,该解决方案提供穿过植入物和可以以最小分裂输送到周围组织,并以椎体终板的最小手术操纵输送的椎体终板之间分界面的重要固定。进一步地,在一些情况中,在植入物连接的椎骨里面添加稳定材料,并提供稳定机构或粘合材料从而与椎骨相互作用是有利的。
骨和植入物之间的连接也在置换关节或附肢,例如腿或臂的骨头或部分,或其它骨中有用。例子包括但不限于股骨、胫骨、腓骨、肱骨、桡骨、尺骨、指骨、锁骨,以及肋骨中的任何。使用在此描述和要求保护的机构同样可应用于这样骨头或附肢的治疗或修复。
发明内容
本发明的实施例是邻近至少一块椎体终板放置的植入物。该植入物可包括椎间结构和远离椎间结构延伸、经配置穿透至少一块椎体终板的喷嘴。一些实施例的喷嘴包括远离椎间结构延伸的一个或更多侧面,以及接近一个或更多侧面的远末端的开孔。开孔经配置通过至少一块椎体终板并进入椎骨而打开。各实施方式包括与喷嘴流体连通的椎间结构中的接口。接口用来接收填充材料。
本发明的另一实施方式是邻近至少一块椎体终板放置的植入物。该实施方式可包括椎间结构,其包括袋囊,袋囊在未扩展状态中毗连至少一块椎体终板,并经配置在扩展状态中通过椎体终板中的孔径至少部分穿透椎体终板。在一些实施方式中,袋囊经配置为在椎骨里面扩展到大于孔径横向尺寸的横向尺寸。植入物也可包括经配置为在扩展状态时在椎骨之间空间中横向扩展的隔膜。袋囊和隔膜可与填充材料源流体连通。
本发明的另一实施方式是稳定脊柱的方法。该方法可包括在椎体终板中形成孔径、邻近椎体终板孔径放置具有在未扩展状态的袋囊的植入物,以及引入填充材料到袋囊从而扩展袋囊通过椎体终板孔径并扩展到椎骨。引入填充材料的行为也可横向扩展袋囊到大于椎体终板中孔径横向尺寸的横向尺寸。
附图说明
图1是在椎体之间植入物实施方式的剖面图。
图2是植入物实施方式的部分的透视图。
图3是植入物实施方式的透视图。
图4是植入物实施方式的末端的透视图。
图5是植入物实施方式的末端的剖面图。
图6是植入物实施方式的末端的剖面图。
图7是植入物实施方式的部分的透视图。
图8是图7的植入物的喷嘴的透视图。
图9是椎体之间植入物实施方式的剖面图。
图10是植入物实施方式的透视图。
图11是植入物实施方式的透视图。
图12是在未扩展状态的植入物实施方式的剖面图。
图13是在扩展状态的图12的植入物的剖面图。
图14是被图解的准备仪器作用的椎骨的剖面图。
图15是被图解的准备仪器作用的椎骨的剖面图。
图16是与准备仪器结合的植入物实施方式的剖面图。
图17是与准备仪器结合的植入物实施方式的剖面图。
具体实施方式
图1示出在上椎骨VS和下椎骨VI之间的植入物100。示出植入物100邻近上椎体终板9和下椎体终板8。植入物100包括椎间结构1和两个喷嘴2。示出在椎间结构1中的接口7通过椎间结构1,并具体通过与喷嘴2和接口7连接的隔膜5与喷嘴2流体连通。接口7可用来接收填充材料1000进入植入物100。
图解的椎间结构1是椎体替换器件。然而,在其它实施方式中,椎间结构1可以是椎间盘替换器件。椎间盘替换器件可替换椎间盘的全部或仅仅一部分。椎间盘替换器件可以是刚性的或柔性的。其可充当动态器件,或其可用作融合流程的间隔器件。在一些实施方式中,椎间结构1可以是多个椎间盘和椎体的替换物。椎间结构的非限制性例子在图1-3、7、9-13、16和17中示出。图1、3和9-11至少部分图解了经配置为接收填充材料以便稳定在扩展状态的隔膜。图2、7和11-13示出至少部分由伸缩组件构造的椎间结构。有效填充椎骨之间空间的任何其它椎间结构,无论是否具有固定高度或是否可扩展,都在本发明的实施方式下考虑。
喷嘴的各种实施方式2、22、32、42、52、62、72、92、102、162和172分别在图1-10、16和17中图解。例如,在图1中图解的喷嘴2远离椎间结构1延伸,并经配置为在上末端穿透上椎骨植入物9,并在下末端穿透下椎骨植入物8。在一些实施方式中,喷嘴可以是相对薄的构件例如jam-sheedy针或其它比在此具体描述的喷嘴较窄的构件。喷嘴2包括远离椎间结构1延伸的侧面3。一些实施方式的一个或更多侧面3具有接近其远末端的开孔4,并且开孔4可经配置为穿过椎体终板8、9打开,如在图1中图解。
一个或更多侧面3、23、33、43、53、63、73、93、103、163和173可以是形成圆形剖面的连续侧面,或可以是形成对称或不对称多边形剖面形状的任何数量的侧面。一些实施方式的一个或更多侧面也可仅形成剖面形状的部分,即,可以不沿其全部长度形成连续剖面。
图2示出邻近至少一块椎体终板放置的植入物120。椎间结构21与喷嘴22一起示出,喷嘴22具有远离椎间结构21延伸的侧面23。示出的椎间结构21是按尺寸替代椎体至少一部分的伸缩体。图解的侧面23形成圆形剖面,并另外具有凸起的外壁。喷嘴22在其与椎间结构21连接的近末端具有通常较宽的结构,并在其远末端26具有较窄的结构。在一些实施方式中,该形状可在辅助插入椎体终板中有用,并可辅助穿透椎体终板。喷嘴22具有接近侧面23的远末端26的开孔24。在一些实施方式中,开孔24经配置为穿过至少一块椎体终板打开。喷嘴22可总体上变尖锐或逐渐变细从而辅助插入或穿透椎体终板,并可具有尖锐化的远末端26,如在图2中图解,从而辅助插入或穿透椎体终板。图2进一步图解与喷嘴22流体连通的椎间结构21中的接口27。在一些实施方式中,接口27经配置为接收填充材料1000。
图3示出邻近至少一块椎体终板放置的植入物130。结构31与喷嘴32一起示出,喷嘴32具有远离椎间结构31延伸的侧面33。示出的椎间结构31是在收缩或未扩展状态的可扩展体。示出限定容积的隔膜35和连接到该隔膜并基本容纳在隔膜35容积内的线性可扩展组件13。示出的线性可扩展组件13是可扩展的波纹管机构。在一些实施方式中,线性可扩展组件13也可以是横向刚性的。图解的线性可扩展组件13经配置为接收流体,该流体驱动椎间结构31线性扩展或维持椎间结构31线性扩展。在图解的实施方式中,流体可通过接口37引入。流体可仅用来扩展和保持,或可以是填充材料1000的组分。在一些实施方式中,接口37经配置为接收填充材料1000。流体可以是糊剂、凝胶、液体、悬浮液、粒状混合物或类似物质。考虑如在此描述的物质是流体,即使其后面固化或硬化为非流体状态。线性可扩展组件13和隔膜35在图解中都不可线性扩展。接口67可用来支配椎间结构31,或导引植入物进入其可有效部署的位置。在椎间结构31中的接口37与喷嘴32流体连通。图解的喷嘴32向线性可扩展组件13的内部打开。在图3中示出的侧面33形成圆形剖面,并逐渐变细从而形成截头圆锥状喷嘴32。每个喷嘴32在其与椎间结构31连接的近末端都具有通常较宽的结构,并在其远末端36具有较窄的结构。在一些实施方式中,该形状可在辅助插入椎体终板中有用,并可辅助穿透椎体终板。喷嘴32具有接近侧面33的远末端36的开孔34。在一些实施方式中,开孔34经配置为穿过至少一块椎体终板打开。喷嘴32可总体上尖锐化或逐渐变细从而辅助插入或穿透椎体终板,并可具有尖锐化的远末端36从而辅助插入或穿透椎体终板。
图4-6图解了喷嘴42、52和62的实施方式。每个图解的喷嘴都可与任何公开的或另外的功能性椎间结构41、51、61,例如但不限于隔膜、伸缩体或波纹管机构一起使用。图4的喷嘴42具有远离椎间结构41延伸的侧面43。图解的侧面43形成圆形剖面,并逐渐变细从而形成截头圆锥状喷嘴42。喷嘴42在其与椎间结构41连接的近末端都具有通常较宽的结构,并在其远末端46具有较窄的结构。在一些实施方式中,该形状可在辅助插入椎体终板中有用,并可辅助穿透椎体终板。喷嘴32具有接近侧面43的远末端46的三个开孔44。在一些实施方式中,开孔44经配置为穿过至少一块椎体终板打开。在一些实施方式中,提供多个开孔44可容许流体流动增加的面积,同时向喷嘴42添加结构强度。喷嘴42可总体上尖锐化或逐渐变细从而辅助插入或穿透椎体终板,并可具有尖锐化的远末端46从而辅助插入或穿透椎体终板。实施方式也可包括与喷嘴42流体连通的椎间结构41中的接口。在一些实施方式中,该接口经配置为接收填充材料1000。
图5的喷嘴52具有远离椎间结构51延伸的侧面53。图解的侧面53形成圆形剖面。图解的喷嘴52包括从侧面53中的至少一个延伸的凸出件57。示出的凸出件57经配置为抵抗喷嘴52远离插入喷嘴的椎体终板迁移。凸出件可以是但不限于独立组件例如齿形件、倒钩、脊形件或长钉。一些实施方式的凸出件也可以是连续或接近连续的圈环、垫圈或环绕喷嘴52外围的其它器件。喷嘴52具有接近侧面53的远末端56的开孔54。在一些实施方式中,开孔54经配置为穿过至少一块椎体终板打开。喷嘴52可总体上尖锐化或逐渐变细从而辅助插入或穿透椎体终板,并可具有尖锐化的远末端56从而辅助插入或穿透椎体终板。实施方式也可包括与喷嘴52流体连通的椎间结构51中的接口。在一些实施方式中,该接口经配置为接收填充材料1000。
图6的喷嘴62具有远离椎间结构61延伸的侧面63。图解的侧面63形成圆形剖面。邻近喷嘴62图解在适合喷嘴62和椎体终板之间位置的密封件67。密封件67可包括但不限于圈环、衬垫、垫圈、填料、油灰或部分或完全限制填充材料在喷嘴62和椎体终板之间流动的其它结构。密封件67可充当适应喷嘴62和椎体终板形状的软材料,或可通过凹进或穿透喷嘴62和椎体终板中的一个或两个来约束流动。喷嘴62具有接近侧面63的远末端66的开孔64。在一些实施方式中,开孔64经配置为穿过至少一块椎体终板打开。喷嘴62可总体上尖锐化或逐渐变细从而辅助插入或穿透椎体终板,并可具有尖锐化的远末端66从而辅助插入或穿透椎体终板。实施方式也可包括与喷嘴62流体连通的椎间结构61中的接口。在一些实施方式中,该接口经配置为接收填充材料1000。
图7和8结合示出邻近至少一块椎体终板放置的植入物170。椎间结构71与喷嘴72一起示出,喷嘴32具有远离椎间结构71延伸的侧面73。示出的椎间结构71是按尺寸替代椎体至少一部分的伸缩体。图解的侧面73形成圆形剖面。在图8中更具体图解的喷嘴72在其近末端连接到椎间结构71。示出的喷嘴72也包括在喷嘴72远末端上的顶盖,以及在接近远末端的喷嘴72的侧面73中的开孔74。在一些实施方式中,如图8所示,顶盖75具有尖锐化的远末端76。在一些实施方式中,尖锐化的远末端76可在辅助插入椎体终板中有用,并可辅助穿透椎体终板。在一些实施方式中,开孔74经配置为穿过至少一块椎体终板打开。喷嘴72可总体上逐渐变细从而辅助插入或穿透椎体终板。图7进一步图解与喷嘴72流体连通的椎间结构71中的接口77。在一些实施方式中,接口77经配置为接收填充材料1000。
图9图解邻近至少一块椎体终板8、9放置的植入物190。椎间结构91与喷嘴92一起示出,喷嘴92具有当植入物190放置在上椎骨VS和下椎骨VI之间时远离椎间结构91延伸的侧面93。示出的椎间结构71是具有末端构件99的隔膜95,末端构件99具有在植入物190完全装配时与喷嘴92近末端连接的槽98。植入物190按尺寸替代椎体的至少一部分。在图9中,植入物190在椎间结构91与喷嘴92装配之前示出。在一些实施方式中,喷嘴92初始地并分离地联接到上椎骨VS和下椎骨VI。末端构件99然后在填充隔膜95之前与喷嘴92连接。在其它实施方式中,部分装配或完全装配的植入物190可在完成填充隔膜95之前联接到上椎骨VS和下椎骨VI。图解的侧面93形成圆形剖面。侧面93也可包括螺纹、齿形件或其它凸出件,从而辅助喷嘴92和各自的椎体终板8、9之间的稳固联接。喷嘴92在其与椎间结构91连接的近末端具有通常较宽的结构,并在其远末端96具有较窄的结构。在一些实施方式中,该形状可在辅助插入椎体终板中有用,并可辅助穿透椎体终板。喷嘴92具有接近侧面93的远末端96的开孔94。在一些实施方式中,开孔94经配置为穿过至少一块椎体终板8、9打开。在装配植入物190时,开孔94对准末端部件开孔104,从而允许来自隔膜95内的材料经过进入椎体。喷嘴92可总体上尖锐化或逐渐变细从而辅助插入或穿透椎体终板,并可具有尖锐化的远末端96,如在图9中图解,从而辅助插入或穿透椎体终板。图9进一步图解与喷嘴92流体连通的椎间结构91中的接口97。在一些实施方式中,接口97经配置为接收填充材料1000。
图10示出邻近至少一块椎体终板放置的植入物200。椎间结构101与喷嘴102一起示出,喷嘴102具有远离椎间结构101延伸的侧面103。示出的椎间结构101是在扩展状态的可扩展体。图解的椎间结构101包括横向刚性组件14和隔膜105。图解的横向刚性组件14是波纹管。图解了横向刚性组件14的纵轴或线性扩展方向L。横向刚性组件14的扩展可通过引入流体到横向刚性组件14来实现,可由制作该组件的材料的弹性导致、由内部或外部偏置器件导致,或由产生扩展的任何其它有效器件导致。横向刚性组件14实施方式的剖面形状是凹凸形。然而,在其它实施方式中,横向刚性组件14实施方式的剖面形状可以是任何功能性形状,例如但不限于一般圆形、椭圆形、矩形、三角形、多边形或这些形状的结合。图解的喷嘴102向横向刚性组件14的内部打开。示出袋囊15从喷嘴102打开的远末端延伸。示出的袋囊15与横向刚性组件14内部流体连通。一些实施方式的喷嘴102和袋囊15经配置为从横向刚性组件14延伸,并延伸进入邻近椎骨的终板。袋囊15可用材料例如可流动材料填充,从而辅助横向刚性组件14联接到邻近椎骨。袋囊15可另外对椎骨具有治疗效果。例如并且没有限制,沿喷嘴102或与喷嘴102结合的袋囊15可帮助稳定椎骨。用来使袋囊15膨胀的材料可以是可固化材料,或可以是用来扩展袋囊15但不原位固化的材料。一旦扩展,袋囊15也可接收永久填充袋囊15的额外材料,或对椎骨具有另外治疗效果的另外材料。连同其它治疗效果,该治疗效果可由应用化学或制药学效果或从物理或热性质导致。用于袋囊15的任何材料也可以是如在下面详细描述的填充材料1000。除喷嘴102或袋囊15之外,横向刚性组件14实施方式的末端可包括齿形件、长钉、脊形件、低凹、粗糙件、滚花或用于增强椎骨和横向刚性组件15之间固定的任何其它器件。
在图10中示出在扩展状态的隔膜105。隔膜105限定容积,并示出邻近横向刚性组件14横向连接。图解的隔膜105和横向刚性组件14邻近,具有除去横向刚性组件14的通过隔膜105限定义的容积,如在此限定。在一些实施方式中,隔膜105和横向刚性组件14以不同容积配置,以使各自器件的扩展可独立控制或循序或并行进行是有利的。一些实施方式的隔膜105经配置为放置在椎骨之间,并扩展从而接触椎骨并在椎骨之间提供支撑。在一些实施方式中,也实现隔膜105的横向扩展。例如,在图10中,图解了前扩展和中间-横向扩展以及插入径向扩展。如在此使用,术语横向的意思是接近正交于线性扩展方向L的方向。
隔膜105和袋囊15中的一个或两者可由不可渗透材料整体或部分构造。隔膜105和袋囊15可包括柔性和非柔性的气球材料,例如普遍用来制造冠状和椎体后凸成形术(Kyphoplasty)医疗器件的材料。这样的材料可包括但不限于聚酯薄膜、橡胶、聚氨基甲酸酯、乙烯基、乳胶、聚乙烯、离聚物和聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET),以及较不柔性的材料例如Kevlar
Figure BPA00001447830900081
、PEBAX
Figure BPA00001447830900082
、不锈钢、钛、镍-钛合金,以及其它金属与合金和/或陶瓷。柔性的隔膜或袋囊可包括增强从而限制隔膜的尺寸和形状中的一个或两者到临床有利的范围。非柔性的隔膜或袋囊可更弹性扩展,从而完全填充不规则开孔,这取决于引入隔膜或袋囊的材料量。
同样,隔膜105和袋囊15中的一个或两者可由可渗透材料整体或部分构造,可渗透材料允许某些量的填充材料1000经过隔膜105和袋囊15。可通过制造材料,包括但不限于上面列出的隔膜材料为织物、织品、网孔、复合材料、无纺织物装置,或本领域技术人员已知的任何其它制造,使全部或部分可渗透。
在图10中示出的袋囊15经配置为接收填充材料1000并扩展通过各自的喷嘴102。袋囊15可限制到预定尺寸、形状或两者。在一些实施方式中,袋囊15经配置为在椎体中扩展到比椎体终板中开孔更宽的形状,袋囊15通过该开孔引入。
图11示出邻近至少一块椎体终板放置的植入物210的实施方式。植入物210在扩展状态示出。一些实施方式的植入物210具有包括袋囊215的椎间结构,袋囊215在未扩展状态靠近至少一块椎体终板,并经配置为在扩展状态通过椎体终板中的孔径至少部分穿透椎体终板。在一些实施方式中,袋囊215经配置为在椎骨里面扩展到大于椎体终板中孔径横向尺寸的横向尺寸。相似于袋囊15,袋囊215可受限或不受限、可渗透或不可渗透,并可以是任何其它功能形状、尺寸或材料。经配置为当植入物210是扩展状态时在椎骨之间的空间中横向扩展的隔膜115也在图11中图解。在一些实施方式中,隔膜115可与袋囊215整合,并且组件可共享结构组件。可替换地,在一些实施方式中,袋囊215直接连接到植入物210的部分,而不是袋囊215。在一些实施方式中,袋囊215和隔膜115与填充材料1000源流体连通。例如并且没有限制,图解的实施方式的接口117可接受扩展植入物210伸缩部分的填充材料1000,并同时或连续传递填充材料1000到隔膜115并进入袋囊215。
图12和13示出邻近至少一块椎体终板放置的植入物220。植入物220在图12中以未扩展状态示出,并在图13中以扩展状态示出。一些实施方式的植入物220具有包括袋囊315的椎间结构,袋囊315在未扩展状态靠近至少一块椎体终板,并经配置为在扩展状态通过椎体终板中的孔径至少部分穿透椎体终板。在一些实施方式中,袋囊315经配置为在椎骨里面扩展到大于椎体终板中孔径横向尺寸的横向尺寸。类似于袋囊15,袋囊315可受限或不受限、可渗透或不可渗透,并可以是任何其它功能形状、尺寸或材料。经配置为当植入物220是扩展状态时在椎骨之间的空间中横向扩展的隔膜125也在图12和13中图解。在一些实施方式中,隔膜125可与袋囊315整合,并且组件可共享结构组件。可替换地,在一些实施方式中,袋囊315直接连接到植入物220的部分,而不是袋囊315。在一些实施方式中,袋囊315和隔膜125与填充材料1000源流体连通。例如并且没有限制,图解的实施方式的接口117可接受扩展植入物220伸缩部分的填充材料1000,并同时或连续传递填充材料1000到隔膜125并进入袋囊315。
图14图解了用穿孔器140仪器准备上椎骨VS和下椎骨VI。图解的准备可与期望在椎体终板中或穿过椎体终板形成孔径的本发明的某些实施方式相关联。穿孔器140具有把手141和连杆143,连杆143经配置以使施加到把手141的力通过连杆143传递以推动尖端145分别进入上椎骨VS和下椎骨VI,从而在椎骨的终板中或穿过该终板形成孔径。施加的力导致推动尖端145在示出的箭头方向上移动。在另一实施方式中,穿孔仪器可包括一个推动尖端145和相反尖端,该相反尖端提供推动的表面。在这样的实施方式中,仪器可首先用来在上椎骨VS和下椎骨VI的一个中创造开孔,并然后该仪器可翻转从而在其它椎骨中创造开孔。
图15示出可用来在椎体终板中或穿过椎体终板,例如上椎骨VS形成孔径的另一仪器。示出的仪器是角钻150。图解的角钻150具有电动机151、连接到电动机151的轴153和连接到轴153的钻头155。图解的角钻150在轴153和钻头155之间形成直角。然而,其它实施方式可具有在0度到180度之间任何角度的钻头。各种角度形成可从各种手术方法有利地避开敏感的解剖学结构。一些实施方式的电动机151使轴153的全部或部分旋转,轴153依次通过角度沿轴153传递旋转运动以使钻头155翻转。图解的钻头155具有尖锐化的尖端,但也可具有正方形尖端或任何其它功能性形状。角钻150也可绕轴153旋转90度,并经引导在下椎骨VI的终板中或穿过该终板形成孔径。
图16示出邻近至少一块椎体终板放置的植入物160。椎间结构161与喷嘴162一起示出,喷嘴162具有远离椎间结构161延伸的侧面163。示出的椎间结构161是按尺寸替代椎体至少一部分的椎体置换器件。椎间结构161包括隔膜165,并示出通过椎间结构161,并具体通过与喷嘴162和接口167连接的隔膜165与喷嘴162流体连通。接口167可用来接收填充材料1000进入植入物160。示出的图解侧面163形成圆形剖面。喷嘴162具有接近侧面163的远末端166的开孔164。在一些实施方式中,开孔164经配置为穿过至少一块椎体终板打开。喷嘴162可总体上尖锐化或逐渐变细从而辅助插入或穿透椎体终板,并可具有尖锐化的远末端166,从而辅助插入或穿透椎体终板。椎间结构另外包括连接孔168从而接收延展仪器169。连接孔168可以是任何功能配置,例如但不限于圆形、椭圆形、矩形、槽形、线形或锯齿状。延展仪器169也可以是能够使椎间结构161延展、保持扩展或收缩中至少一个的任何功能配置。延展仪器的另一实施方式包括分离的棒、杆或可在连接孔168中分离放置、并用来移动椎间结构161的其它纵向仪器。
图17图解邻近至少一块椎体终板放置的植入物170。椎间结构171与喷嘴172一起示出,喷嘴172具有远离椎间结构171延伸的侧面173。示出的椎间结构171是按尺寸替代椎体至少一部分的椎体置换器件。椎间结构171包括隔膜175,并示出通过椎间结构171,并具体通过与喷嘴172和接口177连接的隔膜175与喷嘴172流体连通。接口177可用来接收填充材料1000进入植入物170。示出的图解侧面173形成圆形剖面。喷嘴172具有接近侧面173的远末端176的开孔174。在一些实施方式中,开孔174经配置为穿过至少一块椎体终板打开。喷嘴172可总体上尖锐化或逐渐变细从而辅助插入或穿透椎体终板,并可具有尖锐化的远末端176,从而辅助插入或穿透椎体终板。椎间结构另外包括连接孔168和接口177从而接收延展仪器180。如上面提到,接口177除其接收延展仪器180的一部分的功能之外可用来接收填充材料1000。如图解,与接口177连接的延展仪器180的部分是连接套管187。填充材料源可联接到连接套管187,从而使填充材料1000进入接口177并进入隔膜175和开孔174。连接孔178和接口177可以是任何功能配置,例如但不限于圆形、椭圆形、矩形、槽形、线形或锯齿状。延展仪器180也可是能够使椎间结构171延展、保持扩展或收缩中至少一个的任何功能配置。延展仪器180也可具有能够使椎间结构171延展、保持扩展或收缩中至少一个的任何功能配置。在相似的实施方式中,阀门、一系列阀门或导管的配置可用来同时或选择性使填充材料1000经过或进入开孔174和隔膜175中的一个或全部。与任何实施方式一起使用的阀门可以是一旦达到阈值压力则使材料经过而没有进一步用户干预的压力激活阀门。
方法实施方式是包括在椎体终板中形成孔径的稳定脊柱的方法。图14和15示出适合在椎体终板中形成孔径的仪器例子。另外,本发明实施方式的喷嘴可按压甚至通过椎体终板从而形成孔径。如在上面更详细描述,喷嘴实施方式中的任何都可尖锐化、成形,或包括尖锐化或成形的组件,该组件辅助穿透椎体终板。方法实施方式可进一步包括邻近椎体终板孔径放置在未扩展状态的具有袋囊(15、215、315)的植入物。填充材料可被引入袋囊从而扩展袋囊通过椎体终板孔径并进入椎骨。在一些实施方式中,引入填充材料可横向扩展袋囊到大于椎体终板中孔径横向尺寸的横向尺寸。一些实施方式的扩展的袋囊然后难以通过孔径移回,并因此更确定地固定植入物到椎骨。扩展的袋囊也可通过应用治疗,例如但不限于关于椎体后凸成形术和椎体成形术的治疗,来治疗其联接到椎骨。例如并且没有限制,单独或与喷嘴结合的袋囊向椎骨提供稳定。用来使袋囊膨胀的材料可以是可固化材料,或可以是用来扩展袋囊但不原位固化的材料。该材料可对椎骨具有治疗效果。一旦扩展,袋囊也可接收永久填充袋囊的另外材料,或对椎骨具有另外的治疗效果的另外材料。连同其它治疗效果,该治疗效果可由应用化学或制药学效果,或由物理或热性质导致。
在一些实施方式中,例如图17的器件,引入填充材料的行为包括通过用来相对于椎体终板安置植入物的仪器引入填充材料。延展仪器180具有连接套管187,这样的行为可通过连接套管187来实现。
图16和17的实施方式示出可用来保持植入物邻近椎体终板,同时填充材料引入袋囊的手术仪器的例子。在其它实施方式中,这样的手术仪器可以是由植入物的用户远程控制的植入物内部的机构。这样的机构可以是线缆、线绳、释放器或向植入物传输力或信号的其它有效控制。
填充材料1000可作为流体进入植入物,并然后在植入物中硬化或固化。在一些实施方式中,不可硬化且非固化的流体用来扩展植入物或植入物组件中的一个或一些部件,或使其保持扩展。填充材料100可然后引入植入物。填充材料1000可以是糊剂、凝胶、液体、悬浮液、粒状混合物或相似物质。填充材料1000的非限制例子包括骨接合剂(bone cement)、糊剂、分碎的异体移植物、自体移植物或异种移植物骨头、陶瓷或各种聚合物。例子骨接合剂是聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA),其可由甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸的酯或含聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯以及聚苯乙烯的共聚物制作。填充材料1000的另外非限制例子包括半硬可流动或可硬化材料,例如有机硅或各种类型的聚氨酯材料。应进一步理解的是,不必可硬化或可固化的其它类型的填充材料1000可联合本发明使用。例如,由于联锁或压紧,因此填充材料可包含材料的珠粒或小颗粒或细粒,其中一些可聚集而实现更坚硬的稠度。在一些实施方式中,填充材料也可包括骨生长促进物质。
对于在此公开的每个植入物的实施方式,隔膜的尺寸或形状可限于仅填充椎骨空间的特别部分。例如并且没有限制,植入物可经配置为仅占据椎骨空间的横向部分从而实现半椎骨切除术。植入物可以可替换地成形从而占据椎骨空间的其它限制部分。
植入物的实施方式可整体或部分由各种类型的生物相容性材料构造。植入物材料的例子包括但不限于非增强聚合物、碳增强聚合物复合材料、PEEK和PEEK复合材料、低密度聚乙烯、形状记忆合金、钛、钛合金、钴铬合金、不锈钢、陶瓷及其组合。如果试验仪器或植入物由射线可透材料制作,那么射线照相标记可放置在试验仪器或植入物上,从而提供经射线照相和荧光镜监控和确定脊柱空间中椎体位置的能力。在一些实施方式中,植入物或植入物的单独组件可由骨头或其它组织的固体段构造。组织材料包括但不限于人造或天然自体移植物、异体移植物或异种移植物,并可以实际上可再吸收或不可再吸收。其它组织材料的例子包括但不限于硬组织、结缔组织、脱钙骨基质及其组合。
本发明的实施方式可应用于腰椎区、颈椎区、胸椎区或其它骨骼结构之间中的一个或更多个。一些实施方式也可包括补充除可扩展医疗植入物之外或作为其一部分的补充固定器件,以便进一步稳定解剖体。例如并且没有限制,棒杆和螺钉固定系统、前、后或横向镀覆系统、面稳定系统、棘突稳定系统,以及补充稳定的任何器件可用作可扩展医疗植入物的一部分或与其结合使用。
本发明的植入物实施方式优选从通常的后路植入。然而,本发明的实施方式可包括从任何外科手术入路植入,包括但不限于后部、横向、前部、经椎弓根、横向腔外、连同椎扳切除术、连同肋骨椎骨横突切除术,或通过这些和其它入路的任何组合。
本发明的各种方法实施方式参考特定的可扩展医疗植入物在此描述。然而,在一些环境下,每个公开的方法实施方式都可应用于可扩展医疗植入物中的每个,或可应用于可操作的一些其它植入物,如关于各种方法实施方式所公开的。
术语例如较低的、较高的、前部的、后部的、下方的、上方的、横向的、中间的、对侧的等在此用来表明相对位置。然而,这样的术语不限于具体坐标方位,但用来描述涉及特别实施方式的相对位置。这样的术语通常不限制在此做出的权利要求的范围。
尽管本发明的实施方式在本公开中详细说明和描述,但应该认为本公开是说明性的且并非约束性的。应该认为在本发明精神内的全部改变和修改在本公开的范围之内。

Claims (14)

1.一种邻近至少一块椎体终板放置的植入物,包含:
椎间结构;
远离所述椎间结构延伸的喷嘴,所述喷嘴经配置穿透所述至少一块椎体终板,所述喷嘴包括远离所述椎间结构延伸的一个或更多侧面,以及接近所述一个或更多侧面的远末端的开孔,所述开孔经配置穿过所述至少一块椎体终板并进入所述椎骨而打开;以及
与所述喷嘴流体连通的所述椎间结构中的接口,其中所述接口用来接收填充材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的植入物,其中所述椎间结构是椎间盘置换。
3.根据权利要求1所述的植入物,其中所述椎间结构是椎体置换。
4.根据权利要求1所述的植入物,其中所述椎间结构是多个椎间盘和椎体的置换。
5.根据权利要求1所述的植入物,其中所述喷嘴的一个或更多侧面从在近末端的较宽结构逐渐变细到在所述远末端的较窄结构,从而辅助插入或穿透所述椎体终板。
6.根据权利要求1所述的植入物,其中所述喷嘴变尖锐从而辅助插入或穿透所述椎体终板。
7.根据权利要求1所述的植入物,其中所述喷嘴包括从所述至少一个侧面延伸的凸出件,所述凸出件经配置为抵抗所述喷嘴远离所述椎体终板迁移。
8.根据权利要求1所述的植入物,其中所述喷嘴包括在所述喷嘴远末端上的顶盖,并且接近所述远末端的开孔在所述一个或更多侧面中。
9.根据权利要求8所述的植入物,其中所述顶盖具有尖锐的远末端。
10.根据权利要求1所述的植入物,进一步包含在所述喷嘴和所述椎体终板之间的密封。
11.根据权利要求1所述的植入物,进一步包含经配置为接收填充材料并扩展通过所述喷嘴的袋囊。
12.根据权利要求1所述的植入物,其中所述袋囊被限制为预定尺寸或形状。
13.根据权利要求1所述的植入物,其中所述袋囊至少部分多孔,从而允许填充材料穿透所述袋囊并接触所述椎骨。
14.根据权利要求1所述的植入物,进一步包含被迫通过所述喷嘴的填充材料。
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