CN102397056B - Difference in dielectric constant distribution detection method in a kind of microwave near-field space exploration - Google Patents
Difference in dielectric constant distribution detection method in a kind of microwave near-field space exploration Download PDFInfo
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- CN102397056B CN102397056B CN201010274553.8A CN201010274553A CN102397056B CN 102397056 B CN102397056 B CN 102397056B CN 201010274553 A CN201010274553 A CN 201010274553A CN 102397056 B CN102397056 B CN 102397056B
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Abstract
The invention provides the difference in dielectric constant distribution detection method in a kind of space exploration organizing electrical characteristics there are differences utilized in the microwave near-field space exploration of radial iterative algorithm, measure in the distance of measurement point and measured target 3 λ ~ 5 λ, based on the curved surface feature of probing wave front, by iteration to the target location in space exploration, make an estimate with the echo ratio of each object element, and then the electrical characteristics constant of each object element in calculating space exploration, the position distribution of the difference distribution organizing electrical characteristics to exist with all kinds of objective bodies determined in space exploration and these differences.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medical microwave near-field medicine and detect technical field of imaging, relate to the difference in dielectric constant distribution detection method in a kind of microwave near-field space exploration.
Background technology
Current breast tumor be harm WomanHealth common cancer, from late 1970s, its sickness rate occupies the first place of female tumor always, and with annual 2% speed increase.The whole world about has 1,500,000 women to suffer from breast carcinoma every year, and has the women more than 500,000 to die from breast carcinoma.The sickness rate of China's breast carcinoma is also in rising trend in recent years, age of onset from 30 years old later increase, within 40 ~ 49 years old, reach peak, the life that numerous women in serious threat is with healthy.Simultaneously also have report to point out, if breast tumor to push up when footpath is less than 10mm (in early days) just can by Timeliness coverage, so patient passes through 5 annual survival rates after treating and will significantly improve.As can be seen here, the generaI investigation of breast tumor and early diagnosis, have very important meaning to the long-term survival of the success rate and patient that improve treatment.
But at present for the Examined effect means of mammary glands in women pathological changes, injury to a certain degree is more or less also existed to tissue in Out-patient Clinic of Department of Gynecology.Use modern microwave detection technique, with the detection radiation signal of ultra broadband (UWB) form, there is the advantages such as radiant power is low, the target information amount of carrying is large, millimetre-sized positioning precision can be provided.Using UWB signal as sensed signal sources, high-resolution imaging results can be obtained, the requirement of penetration depth can be taken into account again, and the injury to human body of X-ray, CT or nuclear magnetic resonance technique is much little relatively, therefore provide technical possibility for detecting breast tumor safely, fast and accurately.
But how utilizing the feature of microwave UWB signal, the tissue distribution in process sampled data reconstructed object space, near field becomes the key of microwave inversion imaging problem.The present invention overcomes the technological difficulties of prior art, provides a kind of target imaging method being applicable to near-field microwave breast cancer detection feature, for early stage breast tumor microwave imaging provides directly perceived and effective three-dimensional information.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is intended to the difference in dielectric constant distribution detection method in a kind of microwave near-field space exploration, for early stage breast tumor microwave imaging provides directly perceived and effective three-dimensional information.
The invention provides the difference in dielectric constant distribution detection method in a kind of microwave near-field space exploration, wherein: measure in the distance of measurement point and measured target 3 λ ~ 5 λ, based on the curved surface feature of probing wave front, made an estimate by the echo ratio of iteration to the target location in space exploration and each object element, and then the electrical characteristics constant of each object element in calculating space exploration, the position distribution organizing electrical characteristics (dielectric constant) there are differences with all kinds of objective bodies determined in the nearly hemispherical space such as human breast and other arbitrary shape spaces.
The concrete steps of microwave near-field tumor imaging detection method of the present invention are:
A, basic parameter data encasement;
B, antenna image data prepare;
C, Inversion Calculation data prediction;
D, object inversion, the echo ratio iterative computation of each object element in space exploration;
E, be converted to each object element electrical characteristics value in space exploration and export multicolour imaging.
The radial alternative manner of curved surface based on microwave near-field of the present invention, its feature is: under the condition of breast circumference sensing point magnitude setting less (minimum be not less than 8 sensing points), based on the curved surface feature of probing wave front, do reasonably to estimate to electrical characteristics constant (dielectric constant) value of the target location in space exploration and each object element.May be used for the position distribution of difference distribution and the difference determining that all kinds of objective bodies in the nearly hemispherical space such as human breast and other arbitrary shape spaces organize electrical characteristics (dielectric constant) to exist.
When detection virtual particle along surface normal direction by all object element information that space exploration record runs on the way, to detect each object element in the space exploration that is recorded to along antenna square to the straight line path propagated than virtual particle many, the information of carrying also exists a large amount of redundancies.This method is exactly utilize curve to detect the redundancy of carrying, and reduces the number of sensing point greatly, does not reduce the detectivity to being less than footpath, top 10mm breast tumor simultaneously.
In breast carcinoma microwave sounding sensory perceptual system (the Breast tumor microwave sensorsystem---BRATUMASS) system of reality.Emulated data shows, and the tumor (dielectric constant values is generally higher than 50) of below 10mm obviously changes detection magnetic distribution.
The present invention is applicable to finite goal, and when space exploration border adopting less (minimum be not less than 8 points) sensing point, electrical characteristics (dielectric constant) distribution inversion of organizing of object element calculates.The distribution gone in space that the tissue electrical characteristics (dielectric constant) in the nearly hemispherical space such as breast and other arbitrary shape spaces there are differences calculates.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1A is one of schematic diagram of 6mm tumor Electric Field Distribution.
Figure 1B is the schematic diagram two of 6mm tumor Electric Field Distribution.
Fig. 2 is actual near field breast tumor detection computations software interface.
Fig. 3 A is antenna detection schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 B is the schematic diagram of the location position mode of sensing point.
Fig. 4 is microwave reflection imaging geometry schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is calculating operation flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is sampled data Input Software Operation interface diagram.
Fig. 7 is the model space imaging effect schematic diagram being suitable for this method.
Fig. 8 is that an instance data analyzes right breast partially outer top fibroadenoma 8*5mm result of calculation schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Set forth the present invention further below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, and provide embodiments of the invention.
The key step of the difference in dielectric constant distribution detection method in microwave near-field space exploration of the present invention is:
A, basic parameter data encasement: the initial setting of parameter and space exploration (i.e. imaging region): setting detects breast radius R, height H and other related datas.Because case individual variation is comparatively large, height and the radius of breast use manual measurement now, as shown in Figure 2.Then in the interface of Fig. 6, input detects breast radius R, height H and other related datas.
B, antenna image data prepare: use a transmitting antenna and a reception antenna, and antenna can rotate along breast basic circle in axle center, to obtain direct wave d at diverse location place
1with scattered wave d
2beat comparison signal, and extract the basis that rebuilds as space exploration internal object of echo data according to this; As shown in Figure 3A, the two kinds of modes had as shown in Figure 3 B are demarcated in the position (antenna placement location) of current sensing point to antenna detection schematic diagram.
C, Inversion Calculation data prediction: sampled data inputs, click data input integrated tool button, as shown in Figure 6.Obtain time delay by echo beat intermediate-freuqncy signal, make the positional information of echo target according to electromagnetic wave propagation speed in different medium, then to distribute the backward energy made on each distance feature arc according to backward energy.Feature arc is corresponding microwave propagation wave surface, the projection on two-dimentional Calculation Plane.
D, object inversion, the echo ratio iterative computation of each object element in space exploration: echo ratio iterative estimate is carried out to object element each in each space exploration according to the Energy distribution on the feature arc of different distance: after the gNum × gNum × gNum/2 grid be divided into, calculate the echo ratio of each unit grid.
If breast radius is 80mm, calculating resolution lattice point unit 1mm × 1mm × 1mm, so computing grid is divided into 80 × 80 × 40.By position and the echo range information made according to time delay of transmitting antenna and reception antenna, and the echo ratio of unit (net) lattice in echo ratio distribution iterative estimate space exploration corresponding on feature arc.Get out primary data and the echo ratio of target setting unit is put 1, all sensing points are designated as optional.For two dimension, computational process is described.Fig. 4 is microwave reflection imaging geometry schematic diagram.As shown in Figure 4, if test (detection) point (x
0, y
0) collect data and be organized as f (ρ, φ) by according to angle.Setting, space exploration spatially resolution ax is divided into gNum × gNum lattice.Then echo ratio function is that f (x, y) can be expressed as discrete form f (i Δ, j Δ),
x＝iΔ；y＝jΔ；i＝1,2....gNum；j＝1,2,3,...,gNum。Simply be designated as F
i,j.Test point (x
0, y
0), (x
1, y
1) ...., (x
n, y
n) etc. test point be designated as P
0, P
1..., P
n.
The computer processing procedure of algorithm:
The first step: optional a bit as starting point of inverting in N number of sensing point, calculates and is completely denoted as not optional status.Might as well be sorted as P
0, P
1..., P
n.Cell in space exploration belonging to any point is (i, j), and this cell center is to test point P
0distance be ρ
0, F
0(ρ
0, φ
0) represent at test point P
0the data for projection gathered, then the value that (i, j) point distributes is
Wherein
with P
0for center of circle ρ
0for the cell number that the circular arc of radius passes in space exploration.The backfill value of the cell that computer memory like this is all.
Second step: calculate P
1to P
n-1point backfill value.Suppose that the test point of current calculating is P
k, with representing G
k-1(i, j) previous test point P
k-1calculate the spatial value distribution after terminating, then:
In formula:
expression is with P
kfor center of circle ρ
kfor the circular arc of radius
the backfill value of all cells passed in space exploration cumulative.So until complete the calculating of the backfill value of cells all in space exploration.Same method calculates other test points, until complete a P
n-1calculating, at this moment all sensing points are all not optional status, so just complete first time iterative computation.
3rd step: all sensing points are all designated as optional status, double counting P
0to P
n-1the backfill value of point, until terminate after meeting error condition to calculate.When the t time calculates test point P
kbackfill value time, then have
In formula:
represent and complete P the t time
k-1when point calculates, with P
kfor center of circle ρ
kfor the circular arc of radius
the backfill value of all cells passed in space exploration cumulative.So this backfill error is:
Backfill error can be set to a certain thresholding, i.e. termination of iterations, wherein:
s∑ ρ
krepresent all with P in space exploration
kfor the different ρ in the center of circle
kcircular arc.
E, be converted to each object element electrical characteristics value (dielectric constant values) in space exploration and export multicolour imaging: what exported by this imaging algorithm based on diametral curve is the echo ratio distribution of each object element in space exploration, be converted into electrical characteristics (dielectric constant) value of various tissue correspondence.In microwave echoes Shi Ge organizational interface, dielectric constant difference causes, and relevant with the dielectric constant of adjacent tissue, echo ratio is here power ratio, be echo coefficient square.
In electromagnetic field 3 λ ~ 5 λ (λ is equipment microwave wavelength) range measurement region, it is near field measurement.If measured target is scattering object, then it is near-field scattering measurement; The object function that inverting or backstepping just can obtain characterizing target geometric properties is carried out to NEAR FIELD SCATTERING information, is provided the geometry of target by object function, form Target near field imaging.Near-field imaging technique is the effective means of research media surface area electromagnetic property, is suitable for the lesion detection of carrying out below human skin.
Visualization technique is combined with electromagnetic field near-field detection technology, is applied to medical imaging field and forms the visual means of medical image.The three-dimensional visualization of medical target volume data, namely on computers the electrical characteristic data of microwave measurement is changed into the image of stereoeffect directly perceived, show the three-dimensional configuration of organ or medical science body, with the anatomical information providing traditional means to obtain, for operation technique provides visual interactive means.
The present invention is under circumference sensing point number is only the condition of 17 points, based on the feature that the curve of probing wave front detects, do reasonably to estimate to the echo ratio of the target location in space exploration and each object element, then release the electrical characteristics value (dielectric constant) of each object element in space exploration.May be used for the position determining women's infantile tumour.Figure 1A shows a kind of situation of Electric Field Distribution when 6mm tumor is positioned at marginal position, and Figure 1B shows another Electric Field Distribution situation when 6mm tumor is positioned at marginal position.
Fig. 5 is calculating operation flow chart of the present invention, applies method of the present invention and can find out the detection inversion imaging result (Fig. 7) of tumor model case and examples comparative (Fig. 8):
Imaging effect is consistent with the knub position in example, this illustrates that the breast tumor data adopting the radial iterative algorithm of microwave near-field breast tumor to obtain in microwave near-field detects carry out imaging is feasible, and the present invention can be used for the early stage breast tumor that footpath, detection top is less than 10mm.
The above embodiment of the present invention is not limitation of the present invention.Therefore, under the spirit and scope not deviating from inventive concept, the change that those skilled in the art can expect and advantage are all included in the present invention, and are protection domain with claims.
Claims (8)
1. one kind utilizes the detection method organizing electrical characteristics there are differences in the microwave near-field space exploration of radial iterative algorithm, it is characterized in that, measure in the distance of measurement point and measured target 3 λ ~ 5 λ, based on the curved surface feature of probing wave front, by iteration to the target location in space exploration, make an estimate with the echo ratio of each object element, and then the electrical characteristics constant of each object element in calculating space exploration, the position distribution of the difference distribution organizing electrical characteristics to exist with all kinds of objective bodies determined in space exploration and these differences.
2. the detection method organizing electrical characteristics there are differences in microwave near-field space exploration as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprising concrete steps is:
A, basic parameter data encasement, the initial setting of parameter and space exploration;
B, antenna image data prepare;
C, Inversion Calculation data prediction;
D, object inversion, the echo ratio iterative computation of each object element in space exploration;
E, be converted to each object element electrical characteristics value in space exploration and export multicolour imaging.
3. the detection method organizing electrical characteristics there are differences in microwave near-field space exploration as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the described parameter in described steps A and the initial setting of space exploration detect breast radius R, height H and grid number gNum by setting and realize.
4. the detection method organizing electrical characteristics there are differences in microwave near-field space exploration as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, antenna image data in described step B prepares to realize as follows: use a transmitting antenna and a reception antenna, described transmitting antenna and described reception antenna can rotate along breast baseline in axle center, to obtain the echo Beat Signal of direct wave and scattered wave at diverse location place, and extract the basis of echo data as Object reconstruction according to this.
5. the detection method organizing electrical characteristics there are differences in microwave near-field space exploration as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the Inversion Calculation data prediction of described step C realizes as follows: obtain time delay by echo beat intermediate-freuqncy signal, make the positional information of echo target according to electromagnetic wave propagation speed in different medium, make the backward energy on each distance arc according to backward energy distribution.
6. the detection method organizing electrical characteristics there are differences in microwave near-field space exploration as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, the object inversion of described step D, and in space exploration, the echo ratio iterative computation of each object element is calculated and realized as follows:
Measure the Energy distribution on arc according to different distance, the estimation of echo ratio is carried out to each object element, with the echo ratio of each object element, and then calculate the electrical characteristics constant value of object element, export difference in dielectric constant distribution in space exploration.
7. the detection method organizing electrical characteristics there are differences in microwave near-field space exploration as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, describedly according to the Energy distribution on the measurement arc of different distance, the estimation of echo ratio is carried out to each object element, realize as follows: after the gNum × gNum × gNum/2 grid be divided into, calculate the center position of each grid; By position and the echo range information made according to time delay of transmitting antenna and reception antenna, and on arc, Energy distribution is estimated backward energy on arc and then calculates electrical characteristics value corresponding to object element.
8. the detection method organizing electrical characteristics there are differences in microwave near-field space exploration as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the multicolour imaging of described step e realizes as follows: what exported by this imaging algorithm based on radial iteration is the backward energy distribution of each object element in space exploration, and then is converted into the electrical characteristics value of tissue correspondence.
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