CN102419396A - Method and apparatus for generating a gated density bitmap - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for generating a gated density bitmap Download PDFInfo
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- CN102419396A CN102419396A CN2011101897843A CN201110189784A CN102419396A CN 102419396 A CN102419396 A CN 102419396A CN 2011101897843 A CN2011101897843 A CN 2011101897843A CN 201110189784 A CN201110189784 A CN 201110189784A CN 102419396 A CN102419396 A CN 102419396A
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- gating signal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R13/00—Arrangements for displaying electric variables or waveforms
- G01R13/02—Arrangements for displaying electric variables or waveforms for displaying measured electric variables in digital form
- G01R13/0218—Circuits therefor
- G01R13/0254—Circuits therefor for triggering, synchronisation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R23/00—Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
- G01R23/16—Spectrum analysis; Fourier analysis
- G01R23/18—Spectrum analysis; Fourier analysis with provision for recording frequency spectrum
Abstract
A test and measurement instrument converts digital data that represents an input signal into a series of frequency spectra and accumulates frequency spectra into a bitmap database in response to a gating signal. In some embodiments, the gating signal is generated when the instantaneous power of the input signal violates a power threshold.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to test and sensing device, and relate more particularly to the density bitmap.
Background technology
Real time spectrum analyzer for example available from RSA6100 and the RSA3400 series of Oregon than the Imtech of not pausing, triggers, catches and analyze the RF signal in real time.These test and sensing devices are seamlessly caught the RF signal makes unlike conventional frequency sweep frequency spectrum analyser and vector signal analyzer, in nominated bandwidth, do not have data to be omitted.
The Tyke real time spectrum analyzer uses the technology that is called as " digital phosphor (Digital Phosphor) " or is called as
to be called as the demonstration of " DPX frequency spectrum " with generation.The DPX frequency spectrum forms in the following manner: digital input signal is to produce continuous digital data stream and then through it being converted to a series of frequency spectrum, the frequency spectrum that in database, adds up then again to handle in real time numerical data.Database be provided at input signal occupy amplitude or power to the measuring period of the ad-hoc location in the space (also being called as " DPX
") of frequency during the accurate measurement of percentage of time.DPX gathers and display technique announcement signal detail, such as fully by conventional frequency spectrum analyser and vector signal analyzer miss in short-term or incident.Understanding more information about DPX, is the document of 37W-19638 referring to the title that on http://www.tek.com/, can find for "
Acquisition Technology for Spectrum Analyzers Fundamentals " Tyke number of documents.
Summary of the invention
In some illustration, the user possibly want to observe the DPX frequency spectrum of the RF signal of chopping.It's a pity that the DPX frequency spectrum sometimes presents that kind as illustrated in fig. 1, wherein the RF signal 105 of chopping is covered by mirage phantom vestige (phantom trace) 110 and noise lower limit vestige (noise floor trace) 115.Noise lower limit vestige 115 is corresponding to the time when not having the RF pulse.Mirage phantom vestige 110 is results of following reality: the RF pulse is not handled synchronously with DPX, and therefore, frequency spectrum is based on that the digital data segments of rising edge or the negative edge of expression RF pulse produces occasionally.When so discontinuous time domain waveform was switched to frequency domain, it demonstrated input signal and in side frequency window (frequency bin), comprises energy.This effect is called as " spread spectrum " perhaps " spectrum leakage ".Real time spectrum analyzer windowed service time to be alleviating spread spectrum, yet, even time windowization can not prevent spread spectrum in all cases.
Inventor of the present invention has realized that for fear of spread spectrum needed is exactly the real time spectrum analyzer that can frequency spectrum be added to database when just thinking the abundant conducting of RF pulse (on).Thus, embodiments of the invention provide a kind of test and sensing device, and it will represent that the digital data conversion of input signal becomes a series of frequency spectrum and response gating signal that frequency spectrum is added in the data bitmap storehouse.In certain embodiments, when the instantaneous power of input signal is run counter to power threshold, generate gating signal.
When combining claim and accompanying drawing to read, through the detailed description of hereinafter, the object of the invention, advantage and other novel characteristics will be obvious.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 has described conventional DPX frequency spectrum and has shown.
Fig. 2 has described the high level block diagram of conventional real time spectrum analyzer.
Fig. 3 shows how to handle numerical data to produce conventional data bitmap storehouse.
Fig. 4 shows the frequency spectrum that how to add up in the chart database on the throne.
Fig. 5 shows according to the first embodiment of the present invention how to handle numerical data to produce the data bitmap storehouse.
Fig. 6 shows how to handle numerical data according to a second embodiment of the present invention to produce the data bitmap storehouse.
The DPX frequency spectrum that Fig. 7 has described to produce according to embodiments of the invention shows.
Fig. 8 show embodiment illustrated in fig. 6 be how correctly to generate gating signal, even when input signal comprises a series of RF pulse with different pulse widths.
Fig. 9 shows a third embodiment in accordance with the invention and how to handle numerical data to produce the data bitmap storehouse.
Figure 10 shows a fourth embodiment in accordance with the invention and how to handle numerical data to produce the data bitmap storehouse.
Embodiment
Referring now to Fig. 2,, real time spectrum analyzer 200 received RFs (RF) input signal and use frequency mixer 205, local oscillator (LO) 210 and wave filter 215 that it is carried out frequency downconversion to produce intermediate frequency (IF) signal alternatively.Analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 220 digitizing IF signals are to produce the continuous number data stream of expression IF signal.Numerical data is processed on two paths.On first path, numerical data is imported into the processor 225 of real-time analysis numerical data.On second path; Numerical data is imported into storer 235 (in certain embodiments; It comprises circular buffer) and be imported into detection trigger device 240, detection trigger device 240 is handled numerical data in real time and is compared the trigger criteria of data processed and user's regulation.When the numerical data of handling satisfied trigger criteria, detection trigger device 240 generated the trigger pip that makes storer 235 storage numerical data pieces.Processor 225 numerical data of analyzing stored in non real-time then.After being handled by processor 225, numerical data can show or be stored in (not shown) in the memory storage on display device 230.
Existing referring to Fig. 3; In order to provide DPX to handle; Processor 225 handles in real time continuous digital data stream to produce the time period of a series of time windowizations through using window function 305 time period to digital data to carry out time windowization (time window); The time period of the time windowization that frequency of utilization conversion 310 (such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT), linear frequency modulation (chirp) transform or similar conversion) is serial with these is transformed into a series of frequency spectrums, and uses totalizer 315 frequency spectrum that in the data structure that is known as " data bitmap storehouse ", adds up then.Totalizer 135 frequency spectrum that can add up in every way.Among the embodiment who in Fig. 4, shows, each frequency spectrum 405 by rasterizing (rasterize) to produce " rasterizing frequency spectrum " 410.The rasterizing frequency spectrum comprises unit (cell) array that is arranged in a series of row and column, and specific frequency value is shown in every line display specific amplitude or performance number and every tabulation.The value of each unit is " 1 " perhaps; Also be called as " hitting (hit) "; It is illustrated in during measuring period at amplitude or power there is input signal in that ad-hoc location in the space of frequency, perhaps is " 0 " (being depicted as blank cell), and it shows and does not have input signal.The value of the corresponding unit of rasterizing frequency spectrum 410 is aggregated in together to form data bitmap storehouse 415; And the value of each unit in the data bitmap storehouse 415 is divided by the sum of rasterizing frequency spectrum 410 then; Make its indication during measuring period divided by the sum that hits of the sum of rasterizing frequency spectrum 410; Or equivalently; Input signal occupies amplitude or the power percentage of time to that ad-hoc location in the space of frequency during measuring period, also is called as " DPX
" or replacedly is called as " density (density) ".For the sake of simplicity, rasterizing frequency spectrum 405 is depicted as with data bitmap storehouse 415 has ten row and 11 row, yet, should be appreciated that in practical embodiments rasterizing frequency spectrum 410 can have hundreds of row and columns with data bitmap storehouse 415.Data bitmap storehouse 415 is 3-D histogram in essence, and wherein the x axle is a frequency, and the y axle is amplitude or power, and the z axle is a density.Data bitmap storehouse 415 can be shown on the display device 230, and wherein the density of each unit is represented by the pixel of color grading.Replacedly, data bitmap storehouse 415 can be stored in (not shown) in the memory storage.
In some embodiments of the invention, have only when gating signal is proved conclusively (asserted) (, when gating signal indication logical one), the totalizer frequency spectrum that just adds up to put in place in the chart database.Can implement this function in every way.For example; As shown in Figure 5, gating signal can put on the input that enables of window function 505, makes and has only when gating signal is proved conclusively; The time period of window function 505 ability delivery time windowed is to frequency transformation 510, and frequency transformation 510 just transmits frequency spectrum to totalizer 515 thus.When gating signal by when conclusive evidence (, when gating signal indication logical zero), and frequency transformation 510 does not transmit frequency spectrum to totalizer 515 to window function 505 thus to frequency transformation 510 time period of delivery time windowed.What should be appreciated that gating signal alternately puts on frequency transformation 510 or totalizer 515 enables input to produce equivalent result.
In certain embodiments, gating signal externally generates and is imported into real time spectrum analyzer 200.For example, gating signal can be generated by another test and sensing device.In other embodiments, gating signal generates in real time spectrum analyzer 200.
In certain embodiments, when the instantaneous power of the signal of testing was run counter to the power threshold of user's regulation, processor 225 just generated gating signal.Can implement this function in every way.An instance has been shown in Fig. 6; Wherein, Power calculator 620 calculates the instantaneous power of numerical data, and comparer 625 compares the power threshold of the instantaneous power of calculating and user's regulation and when the instantaneous power of calculating is run counter to the power threshold of user's regulation, generate gating signal." run counter to " and mean that perhaps " surpassing " perhaps " be lower than ", this depends on the selection that the user stipulates.Embodiment in that Fig. 6 shows is particularly useful for measure R F pulse.For example; If user's power threshold is set to just to be lower than peak value and the regulation of RF pulse when " running counter to " meaning and " surpassing "; When having only instantaneous power when the RF pulse so on that value, in other words, have only when the abundant conducting of RF pulse; Just generate gating signal, and totalizer 615 frequency spectrum that just adds up thus.In other words, when the RF pulse is connected, is being cut off or the complete non-existent time, totalizer 615 any frequency spectrum that will can not add up, and therefore resulting DPX frequency spectrum will can not suffer spread spectrum, and as shown in Figure 7.No spread spectrum makes the user discern intermittent unusual and other abnormal behaviour of generation when having RF pulse 705 more easily.
Important ground, even when input signal comprises a series of RF pulse with different pulse widths, the embodiment that in Fig. 6, is shown also correctly generates gating signal.For example, the situation of considering among Fig. 8 to be shown, wherein input signal comprises RF pulse 805,810 and 815, its each all have the different pulse width.If power threshold 820 is configured to just be lower than the peak value of those RF pulses; During TIME 1, TIME 2 and TIME 3, will generate gating signal so corresponding to time of RF pulse 805,810 and 815 abundant conductings, and totalizer 615 frequency spectrum that will add up thus.Should be appreciated that and do not have conventional frequency spectrum analyser image data by this way.
In alternate embodiment, have only when gating signal by when conclusive evidence, the totalizer frequency spectrum that just adds up puts in place in the chart database.This embodiment is useful especially for measure R F pulse.For example; If the user is provided with power threshold for just being higher than " surpassing " by power (off-power) and appointment " running counter to " meaning of RF pulse; When having only instantaneous power when input signal so under that level; That is to say, when the RF pulse fully when (off), the totalizer frequency spectrum that just adds up.By this way, when just thinking not exist the RF pulse, the user just can observe input signal.
With reference now to Fig. 9,, in certain embodiments, at first utilize wave filter 930 to filter the numerical data that is input to power calculator 920 with user's predetermined characteristic.By this way, when the instantaneous power of the input signal in user's predetermined band is run counter to the power threshold of user's regulation, produce gating signal.Wave filter can be the wave filter of any kind of, comprises that low pass, high pass, band lead to, band hinders or the like.Can implement wave filter 930 in every way.In certain embodiments, wave filter 930 is implemented as discrete time filter, such as finite impulse response (FIR) (FIR) wave filter.In other embodiment; Wave filter 930 comes numerical data filtering in the following manner: digital data conversion is become frequency spectrum; This frequency spectrum multiply by filter function, time domain is returned in the spectrum transformation of revising, transmit the numerical data of resulting waveform then as filtering.In alternate embodiment, wave filter 930 becomes digital data converting frequency spectrum and transmits the numerical data of that frequency spectrum as filtering then.Under the sort of situation, the frequency domain power in each frequency window of power calculator 920 calculating frequency spectrums, and when the frequency domain power of the one or more frequency windows in the frequency window was run counter to the power threshold of user's regulation, comparer 925 just generated gating signal.Should be appreciated that countless other embodiments will be realized similar basically function under situation without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
In certain embodiments, the timing of gating signal (timing) can be adjusted by the user.Can implement this function in every way.An instance has been shown in Figure 10, and wherein, the output of comparer 1025 was imported into pulse formation logic 1030 before it is imported into totalizer 1015.When comparer 1025 generation edges, 1030 production bursts of pulse formation logic, when this pulse was proved conclusively, it made totalizer 1015 frequency spectrum that adds up.In certain embodiments, the width of pulse is for user regulation.In other embodiments, after the delay of user's regulation, pulse formation logic 1030 produces pulse.In certain embodiments, the rising edge of the output of response comparer 1025, pulse formation logic 1030 produces pulse.In other embodiments, the negative edge of the output of response comparer 1025, pulse formation logic 1030 produces pulse.But utilize these various user's predetermined parameter, the user can observe the various aspects of the RF signal of chopping.For example, the user can observe the long time window of 10 microseconds after the rising edge of each RF pulse, regardless of the developed width of RF pulse.For another instance, the user can observe the long time window of 100 microseconds that 5 microseconds begin after the negative edge of each RF pulse.Should be appreciated that also and can when gating signal externally generates and is imported into real time spectrum analyzer 200, use the pulse formation logic.
In certain embodiments, processor 225 is automatically confirmed the peak power of the RF pulse in input signal and based on that value power threshold is set.Processor 225 can be confirmed the peak power of RF pulse through the maximal value that detects the instantaneous power of being calculated.
Should be appreciated that under situation without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention the embodiment that describes in can be to this paper makes various modifications so that realize different Performance Characteristicses.For example, in certain embodiments, be grouped into the different time section through the digital data value that every N is linked to each other and convert continuous digital data stream time period of continuous series to, wherein N is an integer, regardless of the state of gating signal.For example, convert continuous digital data stream time period of continuous series to through per 1024 continuous digital data values being grouped into the different time section, regardless of the state of gating signal.In other embodiment, when gating signal is proved conclusively, just begin the time period of new range, make time period and input signal synchronous thus.For example, after gating signal was proved conclusively, the one 1024 digital data value constituted very first time section, and the 2 1024 digital data value constituted for second time period, by that analogy.In certain embodiments, under the situation that only gating signal is proved conclusively and gating signal is still proved conclusively when corresponding time period finishes when the corresponding time period begins, the totalizer frequency spectrum that just adds up.In other embodiments, under the situation that at any time gating signal is all proved conclusively during the corresponding time period, the totalizer frequency spectrum that adds up.In certain embodiments, the numerical data that is input to window function postpones through the delay element (not shown) to postpone so that compensate the insertion of other circuit component (for example wave filter, power calculator, comparer etc.).
In various embodiments; Processor 225 can hardware, software or the two combination are implemented, and can comprise and/or carried out on general purpose microprocessor, digital signal processor (DSP), special IC (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA) or analog.
Various parameters described herein are described to " user's regulation ".Yet, should be appreciated that in various other embodiment those parameters can be confirmed or limited standard processor 225 automatically.
Should be appreciated that from aforementioned discussion the present invention has represented the major progress test and measuring equipment field.Although for the purpose of explaining, illustrated and described specific embodiment of the present invention, should be appreciated that under situation without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and can make various modifications.Therefore, except receiving the claim restriction, the present invention should not be restricted.
Claims (17)
1. test and sensing device comprises:
Analog-to-digital converter, it is used for converting input signal to continuous digital data stream; And,
Processor, it is used for to handle in real time said numerical data through said digital data conversion being become a series of frequency spectrums and response gating signal frequency spectrum is added to database.
2. test and sensing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when said gating signal was proved conclusively, said processor was added to frequency spectrum in the said database.
3. test and sensing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when said gating signal was not proved conclusively, said processor was added to frequency spectrum in the said database.
4. test and sensing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said gating signal generates in the outside of said test and sensing device.
5. test and sensing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that said gating signal generates in said test and sensing device.
6. test and sensing device according to claim 5 is characterized in that, when the instantaneous power of said input signal was run counter to power threshold, said processor just generated said gating signal.
7. test and sensing device according to claim 6 is characterized in that, when the instantaneous power of the said input signal in frequency band was run counter to said power threshold, said processor just generated said gating signal.
8. test and sensing device according to claim 6 is characterized in that, said processor is automatically confirmed said power threshold based on said numerical data.
9. test and sensing device according to claim 4 is characterized in that the timing of said gating signal is adjustable.
10. test and sensing device according to claim 5 is characterized in that the timing of said gating signal is adjustable.
11. a method, it may further comprise the steps:
Convert input signal to continuous digital data stream; And,
Come to handle in real time said numerical data in the database through said digital data conversion being become a series of frequency spectrums and response gating signal frequency spectrum is added to.
12. method according to claim 11 is characterized in that, when said gating signal is proved conclusively, frequency spectrum is added in the database.
13. method according to claim 11 is characterized in that, when said gating signal is not proved conclusively, frequency spectrum is added in the database.
14. method according to claim 11 is characterized in that, when the instantaneous power of said input signal is run counter to power threshold, just generates said gating signal.
15. method according to claim 14 is characterized in that, when the instantaneous power of the said input signal in frequency band is run counter to said power threshold, just generates said gating signal.
16. method according to claim 14 is characterized in that, automatically confirms said power threshold based on said numerical data.
17. method according to claim 14 is characterized in that, the timing of said gating signal is adjustable.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/826506 | 2010-06-29 | ||
| US12/826,506 US8731857B2 (en) | 2010-06-29 | 2010-06-29 | Method and apparatus for generating a gated density bitmap |
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| CN102419396A true CN102419396A (en) | 2012-04-18 |
| CN102419396B CN102419396B (en) | 2016-06-01 |
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| CN201110189784.3A Active CN102419396B (en) | 2010-06-29 | 2011-06-29 | For the test of real time spectral analysis, measurement instrument and method |
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| US (1) | US8731857B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2402767B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5786490B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102419396B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104217714A (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2014-12-17 | 索尼电脑娱乐美国公司 | Sound synthesis with fixed partition size convolution of audio signals |
| CN106375042A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-01 | 重庆会凌电子新技术有限公司 | Short signal capturing method based on DPX and system thereof |
| CN106771588A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-31 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十研究所 | A kind of spectrum measurement method of time slot signal in time window |
| CN109164299A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-01-08 | 广州开信通讯系统有限公司 | A kind of spectrum analyzer system |
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| US8977519B2 (en) * | 2010-02-12 | 2015-03-10 | Test Equipment Plus, Inc | Spectrum analyzer using multiple intermediate frequencies and multiple clock configurations for residual, spurious and image signal reduction |
| EP2743709A1 (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2014-06-18 | Tektronix Inc. | Real time spectrum analyzer with zoom display |
| US10161975B2 (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2018-12-25 | Harris Corporation | Method and system for radio frequency (RF) spectral imager on an integrated circuit |
| KR102283695B1 (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-07-30 | 주식회사 휴라 | Method and apparatus for displaying frequency spectrum in radio monitoring system |
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| CN104217714B (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2019-04-12 | 索尼电脑娱乐美国公司 | Use the sound rendering of the fixed partition size convolution of audio signal |
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| CN109164299A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-01-08 | 广州开信通讯系统有限公司 | A kind of spectrum analyzer system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20110320148A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
| CN102419396B (en) | 2016-06-01 |
| EP2402767A3 (en) | 2013-06-26 |
| EP2402767B1 (en) | 2018-09-05 |
| US8731857B2 (en) | 2014-05-20 |
| JP2012013701A (en) | 2012-01-19 |
| EP2402767A2 (en) | 2012-01-04 |
| JP5786490B2 (en) | 2015-09-30 |
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