CN102481726A - 用于焊接塑料壳体的方法 - Google Patents

用于焊接塑料壳体的方法 Download PDF

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CN102481726A
CN102481726A CN201080040761XA CN201080040761A CN102481726A CN 102481726 A CN102481726 A CN 102481726A CN 201080040761X A CN201080040761X A CN 201080040761XA CN 201080040761 A CN201080040761 A CN 201080040761A CN 102481726 A CN102481726 A CN 102481726A
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circuit board
printed circuit
pcb
welding
housing parts
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CN102481726B (zh
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H·弗伦策尔
V·米勒
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Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH
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Continental Automotive GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/929—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges
    • B29C66/9292—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. pressure diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B29C65/782—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/7823—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined by using distance pieces, i.e. by using spacers positioned between the parts to be joined and forming a part of the joint
    • B29C65/7829—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined by using distance pieces, i.e. by using spacers positioned between the parts to be joined and forming a part of the joint said distance pieces being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32—Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32—Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B29C66/322—Providing cavities in the joined article to collect the burr
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32—Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B29C66/324—Avoiding burr formation
    • B29C66/3242—Avoiding burr formation on the inside of a tubular or hollow article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/541—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles a substantially flat extra element being placed between and clamped by the joined hollow-preforms
    • B29C66/5414—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles a substantially flat extra element being placed between and clamped by the joined hollow-preforms said substantially flat extra element being rigid, e.g. a plate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/841—Machines or tools adaptable for making articles of different dimensions or shapes or for making joints of different dimensions
    • B29C66/8416—Machines or tools adaptable for making articles of different dimensions or shapes or for making joints of different dimensions of different thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9261—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/92651—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools by using stops
    • B29C66/92655—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools by using stops by using several stops
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/023—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for transmission of signals between vehicle parts or subsystems
    • B60R16/0239—Electronic boxes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K5/00—Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus
    • H05K5/06—Hermetically-sealed casings
    • H05K5/066—Hermetically-sealed casings sealed by fusion of the joining parts without bringing material; sealed by brazing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
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    • B29C65/1677—Laser beams making use of an absorber or impact modifier
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于焊接塑料壳体的方法。在沿环绕边缘焊接两个壳体部件(1、2)时形成的熔体通过一种预定的几何形状也就是主要被引向印刷电路板(3)方向并且由此形封闭地固定所述印刷电路板。本发明建立在已知的塑料激光焊接基础上。在那里预定的基本几何形状这们变化，以致熔体不会不受控地沿两个方向分布，而是有针对性地被引向壳体内部空间方向。本方案的优点是，为了固定印刷电路板(3)和封闭壳体，只需要一道工序。此外，印刷电路板(3)的固定面积比在传统的热气铆接中的要大得多。但其中在印刷电路板(3)上的占用面积更小，因为接触面只影响印刷电路板(3)的边缘区。另一方面所述边缘区由于与单个印刷电路板(3)分离而从使用中被定义为阻隔区。通过更大的接触面，不会出现因塑料蠕变而造成的预应力损失。除了上述优点外，本方法的工艺流程非常安全可靠，因为焊接行程主要借助一个力分析装置进行控制。因此，在预应力增加时(在止挡平放到印刷电路板上之后)可以停止焊接过程，而不对印刷电路板(3)施加过强的负荷。

Description

用于焊接塑料壳体的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的用于焊接塑料壳体的方法。
背景技术
为了封闭尤其是诸如汽车控制器那样的电子组件的塑料壳体，当前常常采用对塑料部件进行焊接，其中通过一种激光器引入热能是特别优选的，因为在此可以特别准确地将热能引入到在壳体部件之间的内部连接部位并且可以实现一个特别均匀和全面密封的焊接过程。
在例如汽车控制器那样的电子组件中，在壳体内部设置一个诸如印刷电路板那样的电路载体，这种印刷电路板本身必须固定在一个壳体半部上，尤其当在该电路载体上设置对加速敏感的传感器时，这些传感器需要相应刚性的固定，以便记录待感知的加速度。
在此从DE 102005000160 A1中已知一种用于在激光焊接过程期间通过构件的塑性变形形封闭地连接两个构件的方法和装置，其中在一个壳体侧将一个销栓引过在印刷电路板中的一个开孔并且通过激光辐射加热该销栓并且通过压力这样使其变形，以致形成一个铆钉头。这种方法的前提是，在壳体的两个不同位置上引入激光辐射以及在印刷电路板上设置用于销栓的开孔，这样减少了可用的印刷电路板面积。
发明内容
本发明的任务是，提出一种用于焊接塑料壳体的方法，在这种方法中可以特别经济合理且可靠地固定印刷电路板。
所述任务通过独立权利要求的特征解决。本发明其他有利的进一步构成由从属权利要求给出，其中也可考虑各个特征的相互组合和其他进一步构成。
本发明的一个主要构思在于，在焊接两个壳体部件时在环绕边缘上形成的塑料熔体到达印刷电路板的一个预定的边缘区并且在冷却后将印刷电路板固定在壳体内。这种固定因此经由印刷电路板的一种力封闭和形封闭的嵌入通过流开的熔体的塑料直接在焊接壳体时在一道工序中并且以一束激光束直接到壳体的环绕边缘上实现，从而可以取消在壳体内部中附加铆接的加热铆接成形。
在焊接期间，优选进行壳体部件的相互压合，以便在两个壳体部件之间的焊缝上达到一种良好的交联并且实现熔体的充分流动。
此外，可以通过将罩盖压紧到印刷电路板上和壳体下侧上直到熔体冷却形成和保持相应的固定，实现印刷电路板持久及无振动的固定。
为了以过程特别可靠的方式形成这种固定并且本身在尺寸误差情况下能够在塑料部件或印刷电路板那侧进行补偿，在焊接前在壳体部件之间的焊接区域内设置一个尺寸富裕量，并且只有在达到一个预定的变形行程或一个预定的反作用力时，优选达到终端止挡时，才结束焊接。在此，尺寸富裕量优选这样安排，以致通过消除该尺寸富裕量充分产生熔体，用于固定印刷电路板。
此外，在一个实施例中，优选将印刷电路板放在一个壳体部件中，并且在另一个壳体部件上设置一个朝印刷电路板那边的成型部，该成型部至少在焊接结束时刻到达印刷电路板并且在冷却期间将印刷电路板保持在一个预定的位置上。这样可以阻止印刷电路板在熔体硬化前浮起。
同时所述成型部可以用作3用于变形行程的终点止挡并且在焊接区域、成型部和印刷电路板之间形成一个空腔，其中所述空腔在焊接期间至少部分被所产生的熔体充满。
通过在至少一个壳体部件上至少在指向印刷电路板那边的那个部分区域内的一个斜面或缺口，可以给熔体预定一个朝印刷电路板那边的优选流向。
这种方法用于优选仅借助在激光焊接壳体时在其边缘上形成的熔体根据本方法将电子印刷电路板固定在塑料壳体内。即使在加工误差较高情况下或印刷电路板厚度不同时也可以实现安全稳固的固定并且这适用于在没有额外构件(例如螺钉、粘贴)情况下无振动地安装PCB并本身适用于将碰撞脉冲传输到在印刷电路板上的传感器上。当然还同时实现一种水密的壳体封闭。
也就是说，本发明涉及一种在例如通过激光器的焊接过程期间在固定印刷电路板的同时用一个罩盖封闭一个塑料壳体的新方案。目的在于这样固定印刷电路板，以致它可以用于碰撞感知。
现在下面借助在附图中所述的实施例对本发明进行详细说明。下面针对功能上相同和/或相同的元件可以用相同的附图标记进行标注。
在此必须强调的是，壳体的哪个部件是罩盖或下部和下面讨论的成型部是否在罩盖或下部上存在，对本发明而言完全无关紧要。只有相对于印刷电路板的相对位置对作用方式有关。
即使下面在实施例中始终对优选的激光焊接进行讨论，但本发明也适用于不同形式诸如摩擦焊接、超声波焊接等的局部焊接。
附图说明
附图中：
图1：具有壳体罩盖、壳体下部和印刷电路板的第一实施例在焊接过程开始时的视图
图2：具有壳体罩盖、壳体下部和印刷电路板的第一实施例在焊接过程结束后的视图
图3：具有壳体罩盖、壳体下部和印刷电路板的第二实施例在焊接过程开始时的视图
图4：具有壳体罩盖、壳体下部和印刷电路板的第二实施例在焊接过程结束后的视图
图5：其他实施例在焊接过程开始时的视图
图6：根据图5的实施例在焊接过程结束后的视图
图7：力的变化曲线。
具体实施方式
图1示出一个在焊接过程开始时的具有壳体罩盖1、壳体下部2和印刷电路板3的第一实施例。在罩盖1上设置一个朝印刷电路板那边的成型部1.1、一个朝该壳体的外部空间那边的外部凸缘1.3以及一个在罩盖上的外部凸缘1.3与壳体下部上成型部2.1之间的用于熔体的容纳空间1.2。
所述壳体下部2具有一个带有尺寸富裕量的成型部2.1，其中该尺寸富裕量相对于外部凸缘1.3和/或相对于在罩盖上的成型部1.1得出并且确定一个限定的熔体材料容积。所述材料容积在焊接期间熔化并且被侧向挤开，确切地说，至少部分优选甚至绝大部分被挤向印刷电路板。
这样一束激光束在所示位置和方向穿过罩盖1并且加热相对置的壳体下部2的成型部2.1。
所述罩盖1通过相应的材料选择至少在被激光器照射的区域内这样构成，以致它使大部分激光通过到达相对置的成型部2.1的表面2.1.1，与此同时在那里通过相应的材料选择例如引入碳黑颗粒等产生一种特别高的吸收功效，从而使激光转换成热量，继而产生塑料熔体。
在这种优选实施例中，罩盖1具有一个朝印刷电路板3那边的成型部1.1。该成型部1.1与焊接区或成型部2.1具有一定距离，从而该距离在焊接前形成一个在焊接区域2.1.1、成型部1.1和印刷电路板3之间的空腔1.2，其中所述空腔1.2在焊接期间至少部分被所产生的熔体2.4充满，如比较图2可特别清楚地看到的那样。
在焊接期间进行壳体部件1、2的相互压合，并且只有在达到一个预定的反作用力或相互经过壳体部件1、2的一个预定的挤压行程时，才结束焊接。反作用力的相应增加可以尤其通过下列方式实现，即在一个壳体部件上设置一个终端止挡1.1和1.3，并且只有在到达终端止挡时，才结束焊接。外部凸缘1.3或优选指向印刷电路板那边的成型部1.1可以承担所述终端止挡。
如果将印刷电路板3放到壳体下部2中在接触面2.2上并且成型部1.1至少在焊接结束时刻到达印刷电路板3，这样该成型部1.1可以在冷却期间将印刷电路板3保持在一个预定的位置上并且阻止印刷电路板3浮起或移动。此外，由于塑料材料在冷却时收缩，所以只会进一步改善印刷电路板3在壳体中的夹紧和固定。
至少在一个壳体部件上至少在指向印刷电路板3那边的那个部分区域内构成一个朝印刷电路板3那边的斜面或缺口，以便给熔体2.4预定一个朝印刷电路板3那边的优选流向。为此，在根据图1和2的第一实施例中，成型部2.1在其上侧2.1.1在整个面上倾斜并且优选在罩盖1上的对应侧也如此倾斜。通过这种方式，在将罩盖1压紧到液化的熔体上时产生一个朝空腔1.2内的横向力，该空腔优选通过熔体2.4充填。此外，在罩盖1或成型部2.1上可以设置一些同样使熔体能够相应强烈流出的沟槽或类似的缺口。
图3和4示出一个变化的第二实施例。在该实施例中，一部分熔体还被有针对性地导入到容纳空间2.3中。这种向壳体外侧流出的熔体2.5将外部凸缘1.3额外固定在成型部2.1上并且大面积地密封壳体。
图5和6示出另一实施例。所述壳体下部2具有一个带有尺寸富裕量的成型部2.1，其中该尺寸富裕量相对于外部凸缘1.3和/或相对于在罩盖上的成型部1.1得出并且确定一个限定的熔体材料容积，该材料容积在焊接期间熔化。这样一束激光束在所示位置和方向穿过罩盖1并且加热相对置的壳体下部2的成型部2.1。
所述罩盖1通过相应的材料选择至少在被激光器照射的区域内这样构成，以致它使大部分激光通过到达相对置的成型部2.1的表面2.1.1，与此同时在那里通过相应的材料选择例如引入碳黑颗粒等产生一种特别高的吸收功效，从而使激光转换成热量，继而产生塑料熔体。
所述罩盖1具有一个朝印刷电路板3那边的成型部1.1。在焊接期间进行壳体部件1、2的相互压合，并且只有在达到一个预定的反作用力或相互经过壳体部件1、2的一个预定的挤压行程时，才结束焊接。如果将成型部1.1放到印刷电路板3上并且在壳体罩盖1中形成一个预应力，就会实现反作用力的相应增加。
如果将印刷电路板3放到壳体下部2中在接触面2.2上并且成型部1.1至少在焊接结束时刻到达印刷电路板3，这样该成型部1.1可以在冷却期间将印刷电路板3保持在一个预定的位置上并且阻止印刷电路板3浮起或移动。此外，由于塑料材料在冷却时收缩，所以只会进一步改善印刷电路板3在壳体中的夹紧和固定。
此外，一个在这里成型在壳体下部上的外部凸缘2.6附加地保护焊缝免受直接对其产生作用的物体的影响。
应再次强调的是，所生产的和通过压紧挤出的熔体量明显高于在传统焊接方法中产生的，并且在成型部2.1上的尺寸富裕量实现了有针对性的材料去除和变小。
因此在焊接时形成的熔体通过一种预定的几何形状主要被引向印刷电路板方向并且由此形封闭地固定所述印刷电路板。此外，通过在罩盖上的止挡将印刷电路板力封闭地固定在壳体中。通过这些止挡，接合行程取决于印刷电路板厚度。例如，接合行程为0.4-0.8mm。
本发明建立在已知的塑料激光焊接基础上。在那里预定的基本几何形状这样变化，以致熔体不会不受控地沿两个方向分布，而是有针对性地被引向壳体内部空间方向。
此方案的优点是，为了固定印刷电路板和封闭壳体，只需要一道工序和一束指向环绕边缘的激光束。此外，印刷电路板的固定面积比在传统的热气铆接中的要大得多，但其中在印刷电路板上的占用面积更小，因为接触面只影响印刷电路板的边缘区。另一方面所述边缘区由于与单个印刷电路板分离而从使用中被定义为阻隔区。
通过更大的接触面，不会出现因塑料蠕变而造成的预应力损失。
除了上述优点外，本方法的工艺流程非常安全可靠，因为焊接行程优选借助一个力分析装置进行控制。因此，在预应力增加时(在止挡平放到印刷电路板上之后)可以停止焊接过程，而不对印刷电路板施加过强的负荷。
图7示出一个关于罩盖相对于印刷电路板的调节行程s的典型的力变化曲线，在T1在到达印刷电路板时反作用力明显增加，由此在T2激活断开。这样可以预定一个相对于断开的反作用力Fmax，它这样设计，以致它确保在印刷电路板和罩盖之间刚好固定。作为备选方案。也可以考虑改变增加量，即考虑关于调节行程ΔF/ΔS或关于时间ΔF/ΔT相对改变力。
此外，与浇铸印刷电路板相比，焊接罩盖大幅度节省了材料。除了相对于浇铸节省材料外，焊接过程还大大节省了时间，因为焊接连接冷却更快并且不必干燥。
印刷电路板的电触点接通既可以采用传统的方式，使用压接，也可以使用单插脚或直接连接实现。
关键点在于，在沿壳体的边缘进行焊接期间不仅固定印刷电路板，而且还封闭壳体。
附图标记表
1    罩盖
1.1  在罩盖上朝印刷电路板那边的成型部
1.2  在罩盖上的成型部和一个在壳体下部上朝罩盖那边的成型部之间的用于熔体的容纳空间
1.3   在罩盖上的外部凸缘
2     壳体下部
2.1   在壳体下部上朝罩盖那边的成型部
2.1.1 在成型部2.1上的上侧
2.1.2 在成型部2.1上的流出相
2.2   用于印刷电路板的接触面
2.3   朝壳体外侧用于过量熔体的容纳空间
2.4   朝印刷电路板那边流出且硬化的熔体
2.5   朝壳体外侧流出的熔体
2.6   在壳体下部上的外部凸缘
3     印刷电路板
F     力
S     调节行程

Claims (8)

1.用于在两个壳体部件的环绕边缘上焊接由两个壳体部件(1、2)构成的塑料壳体的方法，其中在壳体内设置一个电子印刷电路板(3)，其特征在于，在焊接时在两个壳体部件的环绕边缘上形成的塑料熔体(2.4)到达印刷电路板(3)的边缘区并且在冷却后将印刷电路板(3)固定在壳体中。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在焊接期间进行壳体部件(1、2)的相互压合。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，在焊接前在壳体部件(1、2)之间的焊接区域内设置一个尺寸富裕量，并且只有在达到预定的反作用力或相互经过壳体部件(1、2)的预定的挤压行程时，才结束焊接。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，在一个壳体部件上设置一个终端止挡(1.1、1.3)，并且只有在到达终端止挡时，才结束焊接。
5.如上述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，将印刷电路板(3)放在一个壳体部件(2)中(2.2)，并且在另一个壳体部件(1)上设置一个朝印刷电路板那边的成型部(1.1)，该成型部(1.1)在焊接结束时刻到达印刷电路板(3)并且在冷却期间将印刷电路板(3)保持在一个预定的位置上。
6.如上述权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，朝印刷电路板那边的成型部(1.1)与焊接区域(2.1.1)有一个如此预定的距离，以致所述距离在焊接前形成一个在焊接区域(2.1.1)、成型部(1.1)和印刷电路板(3)之间的空腔(1.2)，其中所述空腔(1.2)在焊接期间至少部分被所产生的熔体(2.4)充满。
7.如上述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，在至少一个壳体部件上至少在指向印刷电路板(3)那边的那个部分区域内构成一个朝印刷电路板那边的斜面(2.1.1、2.1.2)或缺口，以便给熔体(2.4)预定一个朝印刷电路板(3)那边的优选流向。
8.电子组件，包括一个具有两个壳体部件的塑料壳体，其中在壳体中设置一个电子印刷电路板，并且所述印刷电路板按照根据上述权利要求之一所述的方法通过熔体进行固定。
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US9030835B2 (en) 2015-05-12
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