CN102506986A - Test system and method for mode and vibration of self-supporting tower and large-span power transmission tower - Google Patents
Test system and method for mode and vibration of self-supporting tower and large-span power transmission tower Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test system and method for mode and vibration of a self-supporting tower and a large-span power transmission tower. The test system is characterized by comprising a sensor, wherein the sensor is connected with a signal conditioner; the signal conditioner is connected with a digital signal collecting box; a digital signal collector is connected with a computer; the digital signal collector is provided with eight channels; and an auto-power spectrum analysis module, a cross-power spectrum analysis module and an environmental motivation mode analysis module are arranged in the computer. On the basis of an environmental motivation method, a method for fixing a reference point and moving a measured point is utilized to test mode parameters and vibration of a soaring power transmission tower. Besides, corresponding hardware equipment and software programs are utilized to ensure that the environmental motivation method can be used for performing off-line mode test and analysis for a power transmission tower model.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electric transmission pole tower mode and vibration test system and method thereof, belong to technical field of power systems.
Background technology
Structure is the frequency response function of structure at vibration response signal under certain vibrational excitation and the relation of the frequency domain between the pumping signal.According to the transport function on all characteristic degree of freedom of structure, through modal parameter match and identification software can recognition structure modal parameter: natural frequency, natural mode of vibration and modal damping.Modal parameter is also referred to as the power fingerprint of structure or machine, is the main state parameter that characterizes the structural dynamic reliability.
For large scale structures such as bridge, skyscraper, electric transmission pole towers, be difficult to make it produce proper vibration with the artificial excitation, methods such as traditional sine sweep, pulse hammering all can't be implemented.Unique feasible be the natural vibration information of utilizing structure under the effect of environment (wind, pulse of the earth, driving vehicle) etc., to produce.Because a kind of often random vibration with certain bandwidth of this environmental excitation effect has comprised the proper vibration in this frequency range in the vibratory response of works under this kind arbitrary excitation.What influence the large structure kinematic behavior mainly is the mode of low-frequency range, and ambient vibration exactly also is at low frequency end.Therefore, though the acting force of ambient vibration can't be measured the only identification of the response also possibly carrying out of the ambient vibration of measurement structure model frequency, the vibration shape and damping.Here it is based on the technological rationale of the Modal Parameter Identification of environmental excitation.The beginning of this century, beginning has obtained application in the modal test of large bridge.
Because near testing crew work high above the ground electric transmission pole tower prototype high-voltage electric field, the surveying work condition is difficulty very; Vibration signal is faint during gentle breeze, and is high to the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) requirement of survey sensor and instrument; Whole tower modal test needs more measuring point in order to obtain to shake more reliably shape, and it is a lot of that sensor and number are adopted appearance requirement port number.The dynamic characteristic calculation of this complex system of electric transmission pole tower line is handled because line and tower have all been done to simplify, and computational accuracy often largely depends on the short-cut method of effect, and frequency differs greatly as a result.Must survey the self-vibration characteristic of system (model frequency and mode shake shape and mould damping), according to the modal parameter corrected Calculation model of actual measurement.The mode of oscillation field measurement of transmission relation tower prototype is according to very few at present, and the test modal analysis work of whole tower almost is blank.The single order mode of flexural vibration has only been done in indivedual research work.
The variation that vibration and the mode state variation tendency of long record electric transmission pole tower under DIFFERENT METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS possibly foreseen structural dynamic characteristic is sent early warning information before major accident takes place, prevent that burst accident from taking place.Great installations such as large bridge, skyscraper, dam have been carried out this on-line monitoring work.Some transmission line of electricity has also been equipped fault remote online monitoring systems such as circuit broken string, ground connection.Vibration is bound to coming into one's own in the recent period with the monitoring of mode, and the achievement popularization of this technology not only can improve electric transmission pole tower and combat a natural disaster the effect of work but also equip this system self on the line and also can create bigger economic worth.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention provides a kind of off-line testing mode and method for testing vibration of towering electric transmission pole tower structure, and the Modal testing and analysis that makes the environmental excitation method be used for the electric transmission pole tower prototype becomes possibility.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above; The present invention provides a kind of self-supporting tower and big electric transmission pole tower mode and the vibration test system of crossing over, and it is characterized in that: comprise sensor, said sensor links to each other with the signal condition appearance; The signal condition appearance links to each other with the digital signal acquiring case; The digital signal acquiring device links to each other with computing machine, and said digital signal acquiring case has 8 passages, has auto-power spectrum analysis module, cross-power spectrum analysis module and environmental excitation model analysis module in the said computing machine.
Aforesaid self-supporting tower and big electric transmission pole tower mode and the vibration test system of crossing over, it is characterized in that: said data acquisition device has USB 2.0 interfaces, and 4 tunnel parallel synchronous are gathered, and the AD conversion accuracy is 14bit, and voltage range is ± 5V; Program control enlargement factor is respectively * and 1, * 2, * 4, * 8, * 16; The highest SF is 256KHz;
Said 4 channel signal regulating instruments comprise charge amplifying circuit, analog integrator circuit, voltage amplifier circuit and low-pass filter circuit, and the voltage amplifier circuit enlargement factor is * 1, * 10, * 100; Low-pass filter circuit analysis frequency scope is 5Hz, 10Hz, 20Hz, 50Hz, 0.1kHz, 0.5kHz, 1kHz, 5kHz, 10kHz.
Aforesaid self-supporting tower and big method of testing of crossing over electric transmission pole tower mode and vibration test system is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) vibration transducer is arranged at following each point:
A) limb post measuring point is the vertical X axle and the horizontal Y axle both direction of each two point on two relative angle limb posts; Measuring point is cross-arm bottom under the tabula place reaches down along the short transverse position; The tabula measuring point is the X axle and the Y direction at two adjacent mobile jib middle parts; The cross-arm measuring point is the X axle and the Y direction of two overhanging ends of each cross-arm, and along electric transmission pole tower lead direction, Y direction is for laterally along electric transmission pole tower cross-arm direction for vertically for said X-direction;
B) the measuring point number of the whole modal test of electric transmission pole tower, each root post is no less than the vertical X axle and the horizontal Y axle both direction of 8 points, and each limit cross-arm is no less than the vertical X axle and the horizontal Y axle both direction of 2 points;
2) sensor directly records the vibration velocity of electric transmission pole tower point position, adopts the effective value of vibration velocity to obtain the vertical X axle of electric transmission pole tower and horizontal Y axis vibration displacement peak value and acceleration peak value respectively through integration and differential;
3) measure all the measuring point vibratory responses of electric transmission pole tower structure; Utilize auto-power spectrum analysis module, cross-power spectrum analysis module and environmental excitation model analysis module in the computing machine to realize whole measuring point auto-power spectrum lump average computation; The initial estimation model frequency, overall fit obtains modal parameter and then obtains the preceding 16 rank model frequency and the vibration shapes of electric transmission pole tower one-piece construction both direction then.
Aforesaid self-supporting tower and big method of testing of crossing over electric transmission pole tower mode and vibration test system; It is characterized in that: in said step 3); Adopt the method for permanent datum, traverse measurement point to measure; Promptly confirm all point positions of electric transmission pole tower according to the requirement of measuring point number; Selecting certain measuring point of electric transmission pole tower 2/3 eminence is permanent datum, on the X-direction of permanent datum and Y direction, a sensor is installed respectively, on the X-direction of all measuring points of electric transmission pole tower and Y direction, a sensor is installed respectively according to this; Utilize data acquisition system (DAS) to gather X-direction and the X-direction of a Y direction and a measuring point and the vibration signal of Y direction of permanent datum simultaneously, all measure until all measuring points of electric transmission pole tower.
The present invention proposes the off-line testing mode and the method for testing vibration of towering electric transmission pole tower structure, explained that test philosophy, method of testing, measuring point are arranged, testing software hardware should possess function.The present invention is based on the environmental excitation method; Initiated with the method for permanent datum, traverse measurement point and tested towering electric transmission pole tower modal parameters and vibration; And utilize relevant hardware equipment and software program, the Modal testing and analysis that makes the environmental excitation method be used for the electric transmission pole tower prototype becomes possibility.The present invention can obtain the preceding 16 rank modal parameters of whole tower of electric transmission pole tower and partial structurtes, comprises frequency, the vibration shape and ratio of damping.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that electric transmission pole tower measuring point of the present invention is arranged synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is an off-line vibration acquisition analytic system schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is mode of the present invention and vibration-testing and parameter recognition process flow diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further described.
The measurement project comprises:
A) electric transmission pole tower limb post, tabula and cross-arm vibration survey;
B) the vertical X of electric transmission pole tower and the preceding 6 rank model frequency and the vibration shapes of the whole both direction of horizontal Y.
Measuring point is arranged:
A) limb post measuring point is the both direction (vertically X axle and horizontal Y axle) of each two point on two relative angle limb posts, and the measuring point height is tabula place and cross-arm bottom down down.The tabula measuring point is the X axle and the Y direction at two adjacent mobile jib middle parts.The cross-arm measuring point is the X axle and the Y direction of two overhanging ends of each cross-arm.
B) the measuring point number of the whole modal test of electric transmission pole tower requires each root post to be no less than the both direction of 8 points, and each limit cross-arm is no less than the both direction of 2 points.
Measuring amount:
Adopt the effective value (rms) of vibration velocity, measurement unit is mm/S, obtains vibration displacement peak value (mm) and acceleration peak value (m/s respectively through integration and differential
2).
Measuring period:
A) off-line vibration survey: new tower is measured once before building up energising, as base-line data.Must measure environment temperature and wind speed at that time simultaneously.The measuring wind speed position is at foot tabula height.
The back periodic measurement puts into operation: crossover tower is annual surveys twice, once is multiple season of typhoon in summer, measures when selecting wind speed big, and another time winter temperature is lower and measure when wrapping up in ice.The above electric transmission pole tower of 500kV is every two years measured once.
B) off-line mode test: new tower is measured once before building up energising, as base-line data.
The back routine test puts into operation.Crossover tower is annual, and it is lower and measure when wrapping up in ice to be chosen in multiple season of typhoon in summer or winter temperature.Per 3 years of the above electric transmission pole tower of 500kV once.
Measurement mechanism:
Sensor is selected for use: vibratory response is measured and should be selected the highly sensitive speed pickup of low frequency for use under the electric transmission pole tower environmental excitation, and low-frequency minimum is less than 0.2Hz.Voltage sensitivity is not less than 1VS/m.Sensor self should be solid, the lead-in wire convenient and reliable.
Sensor is installed: the sensor measurement direction must meet the requirement of this test specification.Off-line type is measured with the magnetic force suction base the fixing assigned direction of inhaling in tested position of sensor.Online survey sensor must install the stainless steel protective cover additional and with bolt protective cover is fixed on the tested column or cross-arm.
The off-line data collecting device:
At least should have four-way digital signal acquiring analytic function, the A/D conversion accuracy is not less than 12bit, and the analysis frequency scope is selected 10Hz or 5Hz for use, and frequency resolution is not less than 0.025Hz.The signal condition appearance should be selected the low-pass filter identical with the analysis frequency scope (10Hz or 5Hz) for use, and should have enough enlargement factors.Have auto-power spectrum analysis, cross-power spectrum analytic function and environmental excitation model analysis (operational modal analysis) function.
Said 8 channel data vasculums have USB 2.0 interfaces, and 4 tunnel parallel synchronous are gathered, and the AD conversion accuracy is 14bit, and voltage range is ± 5V; Program control enlargement factor is respectively * and 1, * 2, * 4, * 8, * 16; The highest SF is 256KHz.
4 channel signal regulating instruments comprise charge amplifying circuit; Analog integrator circuit; Voltage amplifier circuit, enlargement factor are * 1, * 10, * 100; Low-pass filter circuit: the analysis frequency scope is 5Hz, 10Hz, 20Hz, 50Hz, 0.1kHz, 0.5kHz, 1kHz, 5kHz, 10kHz; Input mode comprise voltage, electric charge and, ICP.
Measuring process:
The off-line data record analysis: the vibration velocity effective value of the both direction that the off-line data recorded must the measuring vibrations measuring point, obtain the peak-to-peak value of vibration displacement through digital integration, obtain the peak value of vibration acceleration through numerical differentiation.Measurement data must be indicated temperature and wind speed at that time.
In order to guarantee the reliability of data, 1 collection needs through multiple averaging, and average time is not less than 8, as the result of 1 measurement.The same direction of same measuring point need repeat 3 times and measure, after the data stabilization as the data recording of this off-line measurement.
Must be before the data recorded record through the correctness of its frequency spectrum of auto-power spectrum analysis verification; Auto-power spectrum figure should comprise the component of the whole model frequency in preceding 6 rank; The result of vibration survey preserves as the vibration base-line data of this tower under the naked tower and the test mode of switching on first, the vibration amplitude of later periodic measurement and frequency data and base-line data contrast.
Off-line mode measuring method: confirm all point positions of electric transmission pole tower according to the requirement of measuring point number.Selecting certain measuring point of electric transmission pole tower 2/3 eminence is permanent datum.On the directions X of permanent datum and Y direction, a sensor is installed respectively.On the directions X of all measuring points of electric transmission pole tower and Y direction, a sensor is installed respectively according to this.Gather directions X and the directions X of a Y direction and a measuring point and the vibration signal of Y direction of permanent datum simultaneously with 4 channel data acquisition systems.All measure until all measuring points of electric transmission pole tower.With model analysis software the measurement data of all measuring points is analyzed process of fitting treatment, obtain the preceding at least 6 rank modal parameters of electric transmission pole tower.
The effect that the present invention reached is:
(1), do not need artificial excitation, thereby saved the cost of testing equipment greatly and avoided artificial excitation to cause damage structure like fire a rocket or cut off that the pretension steel wire causes that burst is impacted etc. based on the environmental excitation method.
(2) this method is carried out under the true bearing state of works, is convenient to compare with Theoretical Calculation.
(3),, need a lot of degree of freedom of measuring for the inherent characteristic of characterization system for large scale structures such as electric power pylons.Actual measurement shows, uses permanent datum, and the method for traverse measurement point only needs sensor, signal condition appearance and the number of 2 passages or 4 passages to adopt appearance and still can obtain correct model frequency and Mode Shape preferably.
Professional term explanation among the present invention:
1) dynamic perfromance determination test dynamic characteristics test
The whether correct test of doing of the mechanical model that adopts during with the checking design for the dynamic perfromance of solution structure is like modal test.
2) natural frequency nature frequency
By the quality and the determined frequency of rigidity of system itself, n system with one degree of freedom generally has n natural frequency, and order is arranged by size, the end be the first rank natural frequency.
3) modal test modal test
The vibration test of doing for the modal parameter of confirming system.
4) modal parameter modal parameter
The characteristic parameter of mode, i.e. each rank natural frequency, the vibration shape, modal mass, modal stiffness and the modal damping of vibrational system.
5) vibration shape modal shape
The vibration shape of a certain given mode of oscillation of mechanical system is meant the described figure of maximum displacement value that is departed from its equilibrium position by the point on the neutral surface (or neutral axis).
6) environmental excitation modal test measuring principle
With the mode of oscillation of environmental excitation method to electric transmission pole tower test both direction.
Carry out modal test for large scale structures such as electric transmission pole tower bridge construction things, can't apply sine, the perhaps artificial excitation of pulse mode at random.But all there is certain vibration environment in any large structure, for example vibration of causing of wind, water impact, pulse of the earth, mobile vehicle etc.Under the excitation of these physical environments, works all can produce faint vibration.Though we can't accurate quantification to these drive characteristics, also is not to know nothing.Can suppose reasonably that these excitations are the stationary random signals that are similar to; Its frequency spectrum is the continuous spectrum with certain bandwidth; In bandwidth, covered basically the interested frequency band of works, thereby comprised these mode in the vibration signal under the physical environment excitation of works.Test modal analysis technology based on environmental excitation is exactly only to carry out in the vibratory response under the physical environment through structure.At first, FFT is made in vibratory response and the vibratory response of a certain fixing RP of whole measuring points under environmental excitation respectively, on auto spectral density figure, identify resonant frequency f
i, again with the ratio Φ (f of each measuring point with the amplitude spectrum of RP on resonant frequency
i) as the relative value of the vibration shape of this point, with their the positive and negative phase place as this vibration shape of real part on this frequency of mutual spectral density.
sgn(Φ(f
i))＝sgn(Real(G
ba(f
i)) (2)
A (f wherein
i) be the Fourier transform of RP signal a (t), B (f
i) be the Fourier transform of measurement point signal b (t), G
Aa(f
i), G
Bb(f
i) be respectively the auto spectral density of RP signal, measurement point signal, G
Ba(f
i) be the mutual spectral density of measurement point signal and RP signal.
Each rank modal damping then according to the lump averaging spectrum of whole response point signals, adopts improved half-power bandwidth method to obtain.
Claims (4)
1. a self-supporting tower reaches big electric transmission pole tower mode and the vibration test system of crossing over; It is characterized in that: comprise sensor; Said sensor links to each other with the signal condition appearance, and the signal condition appearance links to each other with the digital signal acquiring case, and the digital signal acquiring device links to each other with computing machine; Said digital signal acquiring case has 8 passages, has auto-power spectrum analysis module, cross-power spectrum analysis module and environmental excitation model analysis module in the said computing machine.
2. self-supporting tower according to claim 1 and big electric transmission pole tower mode and the vibration test system of crossing over, it is characterized in that: said data acquisition device has USB 2.0 interfaces, and 4 tunnel parallel synchronous are gathered, and the AD conversion accuracy is 14bit, and voltage range is ± 5V; Program control enlargement factor is respectively * and 1, * 2, * 4, * 8, * 16; The highest SF is 256kHz;
Said 4 channel signal regulating instruments comprise charge amplifying circuit, analog integrator circuit, voltage amplifier circuit and low-pass filter circuit, and the voltage amplifier circuit enlargement factor is * 1, * 10, * 100; Low-pass filter circuit analysis frequency scope is 5Hz, 10Hz, 20Hz, 50Hz, 0.1kHz, 0.5kHz, 1kHz, 5kHz, 10kHz.
3. self-supporting tower according to claim 1 and big method of testing of crossing over electric transmission pole tower mode and vibration test system is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) vibration transducer is arranged at following each point:
A) limb post measuring point is the vertical X axle and the horizontal Y axle both direction of each two point on two relative angle limb posts; Measuring point is cross-arm bottom under the tabula place reaches down along the short transverse position; The tabula measuring point is the X axle and the Y direction at two adjacent mobile jib middle parts; The cross-arm measuring point is the X axle and the Y direction of two overhanging ends of each cross-arm, and along electric transmission pole tower lead direction, Y direction is for laterally along electric transmission pole tower cross-arm direction for vertically for said X-direction;
B) the measuring point number of the whole modal test of electric transmission pole tower, each root post is no less than the vertical X axle and the horizontal Y axle both direction of 8 points, and each limit cross-arm is no less than the vertical X axle and the horizontal Y axle both direction of 2 points;
2) sensor directly records the vibration velocity of electric transmission pole tower point position, adopts the effective value of vibration velocity to obtain the vertical X axle of electric transmission pole tower and horizontal Y axis vibration displacement peak value and acceleration peak value respectively through integration and differential;
3) measure all the measuring point vibratory responses of electric transmission pole tower structure; Utilize auto-power spectrum analysis module, cross-power spectrum analysis module and environmental excitation model analysis module in the computing machine to realize whole measuring point auto-power spectrum lump average computation; The initial estimation model frequency, overall fit obtains modal parameter and then obtains the preceding 16 rank model frequency and the vibration shapes of electric transmission pole tower one-piece construction both direction then.
4. self-supporting tower according to claim 1 and big method of testing of crossing over electric transmission pole tower mode and vibration test system; It is characterized in that: in said step 3); Adopt the method for permanent datum, traverse measurement point to measure; Promptly confirm all point positions of electric transmission pole tower according to the requirement of measuring point number; Selecting certain measuring point of electric transmission pole tower 2/3 eminence is permanent datum, on the X-direction of permanent datum and Y direction, a sensor is installed respectively, on the X-direction of all measuring points of electric transmission pole tower and Y direction, a sensor is installed respectively according to this; Utilize data acquisition system (DAS) to gather X-direction and the X-direction of a Y direction and a measuring point and the vibration signal of Y direction of permanent datum simultaneously, all measure until all measuring points of electric transmission pole tower.
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