CN102513891A - Composite material plate-and-shell structure arbitrary-angle conical hole positioning grinding device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite material plate-and-shell structure arbitrary-angle conical hole positioning grinding device and a method. A position respectively on a composite material flat plate and a small-curvature plate-shell to be repaired is previously well perforated, then a layer of annular laser reflection membrane is previously adhered onto the periphery of the hole, the width of the reflection membrane is slightly larger than the distance of two laser heads of a laser device, an angle of a laser positioning device on a grinding device is well adjusted, so an angle is formed between axes of the laser device and the grinding device, and the angle can be obtained through calculation. The angle of the grinding device is adjusted in the laser reflection principle, so the two lasers heads are respectively projected on the inner edge and the outer edge of the reflection membrane, the verticality is adjusted, so the reflected light enters a laser receiving device, when the two laser receiving devices simultaneously receive a signal, a buzzer device inside each laser receiving device produces bumming to indicate that the device is well adjusted. Then the grinding device is started to grind edges of the hole until the edge with a given angle is ground. Finally a plate-and-shell structural arbitrary-angle conical hole can be quickly positioned and ground.

Description

Arbitrarily angled bellmouth location sanding apparatus of a kind of composite panel shell structure and method

Technical field

The present invention relates to arbitrarily angled bellmouth location sanding apparatus of a kind of composite panel shell structure and method, belong to composite structure service technique field.

Background technology

Along with the composite extensive application in the aircaft configuration in modern times, the aircraft composite structure is repaired becomes the important technological problems that must solve.During to the composite structure place under repair, need to remove damage field, its edge has the inclined-plane of certain angle often, because angle is less, the zone that causes polishing is bigger, and high-precision polishing has direct influence to the success or failure of repairing.

Existing damage is removed the main pneumatic milling tools of workman's manual control that relies on and is realized, this kind method is all to have deficiency on the precision or on efficient.

Summary of the invention

To the objective of the invention is in order addressing the above problem, to propose arbitrarily angled bellmouth location sanding apparatus of a kind of composite panel shell structure and method.

The arbitrarily angled bellmouth of a kind of composite panel shell structure location sanding apparatus comprises polishing cutter, laser locating apparatus and pneumatic milling tools;

The polishing cutter is fixed on the bit location of pneumatic milling tools, and the top of polishing cutter is taper, and diameter is φ ₁, the mounting rod diameter is φ ₂, taper angle is α, highly for l;

Laser locating apparatus comprises two cover laser radiation and receiving system, angle indicating dial, pointer, boom unit and rotatable connectors; Two cover laser radiation and the coaxial settings of receiving system; Be structure as a whole; Two cover laser radiation are connected with the drill bit root of pneumatic milling tools through rotatable connector with receiving system and are connected; Pointer is fixedly connected on laser radiation and the receiving system, and pointer and laser radiation and receiving system can rotate around the hinge place together; The angle indicating dial is fixed on the pneumatic milling tools, and the axis of polishing cutter is l ₁, the center line of the two bundle laser that two cover laser radiation and receiving system send is l ₂, pointer points to 0 graduation mark in the angle indicating dial straight line is l ₃, l ₃With l ₂Vertically; When two cover laser radiation and receiving system rotation, pointed angle indicating dial is measured l ₁With l ₂Between angle β.

The arbitrarily angled bellmouth of a kind of composite panel shell structure location polishing process comprises following step:

Step 1: on composite panel, punch;

On composite panel, beat earlier circular hole, the aperture of circular hole is less than the diameter of the taper hole of polishing cutter;

Step 2, stickup loop laser reflective membrane;

But the circular of having accomplished fluently at composite panel is pasted the loop laser reflective membrane of reflection lasering beam, and loop laser reflective membrane integral body be annular, and it is big that its inside radius compares the circle hole radius of polishing;

Step 3: the location sanding apparatus is demarcated, and confirms the angle index line;

The demarcation concrete operations are following:

1) when the rotary laser positioner, drives the pointer rotation, when center line is l ₂With axis l ₁The position of pointer indication is 0 ° of scale when parallel;

2) confirm after 0 ° of graduation mark that the scale of use angle survey tool angle indicating dial is demarcated, 0 ° to 90 ° of the above scope of rotating for laser aid of 0 graduation mark;

Step 4: adjustment location sanding apparatus, confirm grinding angle;

The grinding angle A of given needs chooses the polishing cutter through following formula, and its taper angle is α, and the angle β of adjustment laser equipment name center line and hand drill axis guarantees the angle in the polishing, polishes;

Polishing angle A is:

When composite panel is the plane:

$A=\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{2}-(\mathrm{\α}+\mathrm{\β})$

When composite panel is the small curve curved surface:

$A\≈\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{2}-(\mathrm{\α}+\mathrm{\β}+\arctan \left(\frac{L}{R}\right))$

Wherein: α is the taper angle of polishing cutter cone mill head, and L polishing position is to the camber line distance of laser beam basic point, and R is the composite panel radius of curvature;

Step 5: polish;

Hand-held location sanding apparatus equipment makes the taper bistrique of polishing cutter aim at the circular hole center, makes two cover laser radiation and receiving system aim at same sector on the loop laser reflective membrane simultaneously; Send laser, receive the laser beam signal, explain that then the Laser emission place is perpendicular to loop laser reflective membrane surface as if two laser radiation and receiving system; Boom unit sends sound, and polish to composite panel this moment, in the bruting process; Sanding apparatus moving in a circle around the circular hole center at the uniform velocity in location heard buzzer uniformly, if sound is inhomogeneous or do not rung; Then need reorientate, continue polishing, finally grind required repairing hole with certain taper.

The invention has the advantages that:

(1) this device is through the angle of adjustment polishing cutter and laser equipment, can locate fast and polishes the arbitrarily angled bellmouth of plate and shell structure, can make the hole precision of compound material board shell borehole higher, and can polish hole at any angle;

(2) through adopting method of the present invention, can improve the efficient of polishing greatly, thereby reduce the man-hour of polishing, reduce cost.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the stereogram of polishing cutter of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the profile of polishing cutter of the present invention;

Fig. 4 be loop laser reflective membrane of the present invention on the plane, the sketch map of curved surface;

Fig. 5 is a method flow diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is location of the present invention sanding apparatus and composite panel positional structure sketch map;

Fig. 7 is the grinding angle sketch map of location of the present invention sanding apparatus and composite panel.

Among the figure:

The pneumatic milling tools of 1-polishing cutter 2-laser locating apparatus 3-

201-laser radiation and receiving system 202-angle indicating dial 203-pointer

The rotatable connector 205-of 204-loop laser reflective membrane

The specific embodiment

To combine accompanying drawing and embodiment that the present invention is done further detailed description below.

The present invention is the arbitrarily angled bellmouth of a kind of composite panel shell structure location sanding apparatus, and is as shown in Figure 1, comprises polishing cutter 1, laser locating apparatus 2 and pneumatic milling tools 3.

Polishing cutter 1 is fixed on the bit location of pneumatic milling tools 3, and pneumatic milling tools 3 is existing electric drill.

Polishing cutter 1 is like Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, and the top of polishing cutter 1 is taper, φ ₁Be polishing cutter bistrique tool diameter, φ ₂For polishing cutter mounting rod diameter, α are that taper angle, the l of bistrique self is the bistrique height.

Laser locating apparatus 2 comprises two cover laser radiation and receiving system 201, angle indicating dial 202, pointer 203, boom unit and rotatable connectors 204;

Two cover laser radiation and receiving system 201 coaxial settings; Be structure as a whole; Two cover laser radiation and receiving systems 201 are connected 204 through rotatable connector and are connected with the drill bit root of pneumatic milling tools 3; Pointer 202 is fixedly connected on laser radiation and receiving system 201, and pointer 202 can rotate around the hinge place with laser radiation and receiving system 201 together.Angle indicating dial 202 is fixed on the pneumatic milling tools 3, and the axis of polishing cutter 1 is l ₁, the center line of the two bundle laser that two cover laser radiation and receiving system 201 send is l ₂, pointer 203 points to 0 graduation mark in angle indicating dial 202 straight line is l ₃, l ₃With l ₂Vertically.When two cover laser radiation and receiving system 201 rotations, pointer 203 orientation angle indicating dials 202 are measured l ₁With l ₂Between angle β.

The rotating range of laser radiation and receiving system 201 is 0 ° to 90 °, and the scale of angle indicating dial 202 is 0 ° to 90 °.

The arbitrarily angled bellmouth of a kind of composite panel shell structure of the present invention location sanding apparatus; Also comprise loop laser reflective membrane 205; Loop laser reflective membrane 205 is attached on the composite panel shell structure that needs polishing, and sanding apparatus is polished on the position of loop laser reflective membrane 205.As shown in Figure 4, a is the sketch map that loop laser reflective membrane 205 is attached to the plane, and b is the sketch map that loop laser reflective membrane 205 is attached to curved surface.Loop laser reflective membrane 205 is an annular, and is discontinuous sector, and the number of sector can be adjusted based on required precision, and many more precision are high more, and operation easier is big more.

In bruting process; The ray that sends when two cover laser radiation and receiving systems 201 drops on the same reflective sector of loop laser reflective membrane 205; And; When laser radiation and receiving system 201 and loop laser reflective membrane 205 were vertical, laser radiation and receiving system 201 received reflected signal, the boom unit sound of sounding a buzzer.The ray that sends when two cover laser radiation and receiving systems 201 drops on the clear area of loop laser reflective membrane 205, the boom unit sound of not sounding a buzzer.In sum; Can guarantee two laser radiation and receiving system 201 line directions the center of circle like this through the polishing zone; Add and have only when laser radiation and receiving system 201 and loop laser reflective membrane 205 are vertical; Could normally receive reflected signal, thereby guarantee that angle is fixed between pneumatic milling tools 3 and loop laser reflective membrane 205 planes, thereby guarantee that machining angle is accurately.

In the time of polishing, need stable the rotating around the empty center of circle of handheld device, it is stable that speed keeps, and can hear uniform buzzer, thereby judge that grinding angle is correct, otherwise then need align again.

The arbitrarily angled bellmouth of a kind of composite panel shell structure location polishing process, flow process is as shown in Figure 5, comprises following step:

Step 1: on composite panel, punch;

On composite panel, beat earlier circular hole, the aperture of circular hole is less than the diameter of the taper hole of polishing cutter 1, leaves surplus during for polishing.

Step 2, stickup loop laser reflective membrane 205;

As shown in Figure 4; But paste the loop laser reflective membrane 205 of reflection lasering beam in the circular that composite panel has been accomplished fluently; Loop laser reflective membrane 205 integral body are annular; Its inside radius is bigger than polishing circle hole radius, the difference of reflective membrane outer radius and inside radius by two pairs of laser heads of laser equipment apart from decision, loop laser reflective membrane 205 planes will with the center line l of laser locating apparatus 2 ₂Keep vertical, and loop laser reflective membrane 205 inside and outside radius differences are a bit larger tham, and (plussage 1～2mm) laser head distance gets final product, and loop laser reflective membrane 205 materials can be reflected into main material for minute surfaces such as tinfoil paper or aluminium foils.

Step 3: the location sanding apparatus is demarcated, and confirms the angle index line;

The demarcation concrete operations are following, and are as shown in Figure 1:

1) when rotary laser positioner 2, drives pointer 203 rotations, when center line is l ₂With axis l ₁The position of pointer 203 indications is 0 ° of scale when parallel.

2) confirm after 0 ° of graduation mark that scale that can use angle survey tool angle indicating dial 202 is demarcated, 0 ° to 90 ° of the above scope of rotating for laser aid of 0 graduation mark.

Step 4: adjustment location sanding apparatus, confirm grinding angle;

Like Fig. 6 and shown in Figure 7, the grinding angle A of given needs chooses polishing cutter 1 through following formula, and its taper angle is α, and the angle β of adjustment laser equipment name center line and hand drill axis guarantees the angle in the polishing, polishes.

Polishing angle A is:

When composite panel is the plane:

$A=\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{2}-(\mathrm{\α}+\mathrm{\β})$

When composite panel is the small curve curved surface:

$A\≈\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{2}-(\mathrm{\α}+\mathrm{\β}+\arctan \left(\frac{L}{R}\right))$

Wherein: α is the taper angle of polishing cutter 1 taper bistrique, and L polishing position is to the camber line distance (being approximation) of laser beam basic point, and R is the composite panel radius of curvature.

Step 5: polish;

Hand-held location sanding apparatus equipment makes the taper bistrique of polishing cutter 1 aim at the circular hole center, makes two cover laser radiation and receiving system 201 aim at same sector on the loop laser reflective membrane 205 simultaneously; Send laser, receive the laser beam signal, explain that then the Laser emission place is perpendicular to loop laser reflective membrane 205 surfaces as if two laser radiation and receiving system 201; Boom unit sends sound, and can polish this moment to composite panel, in the bruting process; Sanding apparatus moving in a circle at the uniform velocity in location around the circular hole center; Can hear buzzer uniformly, inhomogeneous or simply loud as if sound, then need reorientate; Continue polishing, finally grind required repairing hole with certain taper.

The grinding angle A of given needs; Choose suitable polishing cutter 1 taper bistrique; The taper angle of polishing cutter 1 taper bistrique is α; The angle β of the center line of the two bundle laser that the axis of adjustment polishing cutter 1 and two cover laser radiation and receiving system 201 send, thus the angle in the polishing guaranteed, and definite process of polishing angle A is:

For plane (composite panel is the plane), can from last Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, find out grinding angle easily:

$A=\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{2}-(\mathrm{\α}+\mathrm{\β})$

For small curve curved surface (composite panel is the small curve curved surface), more complicated, like Fig. 6 and shown in Figure 7, and according to leg-of-mutton exterior angle equal with its non-conterminous two interior angle with can know:

δ＝α+β

$\mathrm{\θ}=\mathrm{\γ}+\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{2}$

According to angle sum of a triangle be 180 degree (being π),

$A=\mathrm{\π}-\mathrm{\δ}-\mathrm{\θ}$

$=\mathrm{\π}-(\mathrm{\α}+\mathrm{\β})-(\mathrm{\γ}+\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{2})$

$=\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{2}-(\mathrm{\α}+\mathrm{\β}+\mathrm{\γ})$

L is the vertical line distance of laser beam basic point to the radius of process polishing position, so

$\tan \mathrm{\γ}=\frac{L}{R}$

So

$\mathrm{\γ}=\arctan \left(\frac{L}{R}\right)$

Because L is difficult for measurement, can only arrive the approximate replacement of arc length of laser beam basic point through measurement polishing point, so

$\mathrm{\γ}\≈\arctan \left(\frac{L}{R}\right)$

So grinding angle A is:

$A\≈\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{2}-(\mathrm{\α}+\mathrm{\β}+\arctan \left(\frac{L}{R}\right))$

Wherein: α is the taper angle of polishing cutter 1 taper bistrique; β for the axis of adjustment polishing cutter 1 and two cover laser radiation and receiving system 201 send two restraint the center line of laser angle; R is the composite panel radius of curvature, and L polishing position is to the camber line distance (being approximation) of laser beam basic point.Can obtain different grinding angle A with different tapers angle α through adjustment β angle.

Bent plate can carry out according to a preliminary estimate with respect to the error of flat board.L is the distance of polishing point to the laser axis; In 10cm; When radius of curvature R＞10m; Error

degree is so for the small curve plate of radius of curvature greater than 10m, its grinding angle error is no more than 0.573 °.

Claims (8)

1. the arbitrarily angled bellmouth of a composite panel shell structure location sanding apparatus is characterized in that, comprises polishing cutter, laser locating apparatus and pneumatic milling tools;

The polishing cutter is fixed on the bit location of pneumatic milling tools, and the top of polishing cutter is taper, and diameter is φ ₁, the mounting rod diameter is φ ₂, taper angle is α, highly for l;

Laser locating apparatus comprises two cover laser radiation and receiving system, angle indicating dial, pointer, boom unit and rotatable connectors; Two cover laser radiation and the coaxial settings of receiving system; Be structure as a whole; Two cover laser radiation are connected with the drill bit root of pneumatic milling tools through rotatable connector with receiving system and are connected; Pointer is fixedly connected on laser radiation and the receiving system, and pointer and laser radiation and receiving system can rotate around the hinge place together; The angle indicating dial is fixed on the pneumatic milling tools, and the axis of polishing cutter is l ₁, the center line of the two bundle laser that two cover laser radiation and receiving system send is l ₂, pointer points to 0 graduation mark in the angle indicating dial straight line is l ₃, l ₃With l ₂Vertically; When two cover laser radiation and receiving system rotation, pointed angle indicating dial is measured l ₁With l ₂Between angle β.

2. the arbitrarily angled bellmouth of a kind of composite panel shell structure according to claim 1 location sanding apparatus is characterized in that the rotating range of described laser radiation and receiving system is 0 ° to 90 °, and the scale of angle indicating dial is 0 ° to 90 °.

3. the arbitrarily angled bellmouth of a kind of composite panel shell structure according to claim 1 location sanding apparatus; It is characterized in that; Described location sanding apparatus also comprises the loop laser reflective membrane; The loop laser reflective membrane is attached on the composite panel shell structure that needs polishing, and sanding apparatus is polished on the position of loop laser reflective membrane; The loop laser reflective membrane is an annular, and is discontinuous sector.

4. the arbitrarily angled bellmouth of a kind of composite panel shell structure according to claim 1 location sanding apparatus is characterized in that the number of described sector is adjusted according to precision.

5. according to claim 1, the arbitrarily angled bellmouth of 3 or 4 described a kind of composite panel shell structures location sanding apparatus; It is characterized in that; The ray that described two cover laser radiation and receiving system send drops on the same reflective sector of loop laser reflective membrane, and, when laser radiation is vertical with the loop laser reflective membrane with receiving system; Laser radiation and receiving system receive reflected signal, the boom unit sound of sounding a buzzer; The ray that two cover laser radiation and receiving systems send drops on the clear area of loop laser reflective membrane, the boom unit sound of not sounding a buzzer.

6. the arbitrarily angled bellmouth of a composite panel shell structure location polishing process is characterized in that, comprises following step:

Step 1: on composite panel, punch;

On composite panel, beat earlier circular hole, the aperture of circular hole is less than the diameter of the taper hole of polishing cutter;

Step 2, stickup loop laser reflective membrane;

But the circular of having accomplished fluently at composite panel is pasted the loop laser reflective membrane of reflection lasering beam, and loop laser reflective membrane integral body be annular, and it is big that its inside radius compares the circle hole radius of polishing;

Step 3: the location sanding apparatus is demarcated, and confirms the angle index line;

The demarcation concrete operations are following:

1) when the rotary laser positioner, drives the pointer rotation, when center line is l ₂With axis l ₁The position of pointer indication is 0 ° of scale when parallel;

2) confirm after 0 ° of graduation mark that the scale of use angle survey tool angle indicating dial is demarcated, 0 ° to 90 ° of the above scope of rotating for laser aid of 0 graduation mark;

Step 4: adjustment location sanding apparatus, confirm grinding angle;

The grinding angle A of given needs chooses the polishing cutter through following formula, and its taper angle is α, and the angle β of adjustment laser equipment name center line and hand drill axis guarantees the angle in the polishing, polishes;

Polishing angle A is:

When composite panel is the plane:

$A=\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{2}-(\mathrm{\α}+\mathrm{\β})$

When composite panel is the small curve curved surface:

$A\≈\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{2}-(\mathrm{\α}+\mathrm{\β}+\arctan \left(\frac{L}{R}\right))$

Wherein: α is the taper angle of polishing cutter cone mill head, and L polishing position is to the camber line distance of laser beam basic point, and R is the composite panel radius of curvature;

Step 5: polish;

Hand-held location sanding apparatus equipment makes the taper bistrique of polishing cutter aim at the circular hole center, makes two cover laser radiation and receiving system aim at same sector on the loop laser reflective membrane simultaneously; Send laser, receive the laser beam signal, explain that then the Laser emission place is perpendicular to loop laser reflective membrane surface as if two laser radiation and receiving system; Boom unit sends sound, and polish to composite panel this moment, in the bruting process; Sanding apparatus moving in a circle around the circular hole center at the uniform velocity in location heard buzzer uniformly, if sound is inhomogeneous or do not rung; Then need reorientate, continue polishing, finally grind required repairing hole with certain taper.

7. the arbitrarily angled bellmouth of a kind of composite panel shell structure according to claim 6 location polishing process; It is characterized in that; The difference of loop laser reflective membrane outer radius described in the step 1 and inside radius by two pairs of laser heads of laser equipment apart from decision, loop laser reflective membrane plane will with the center line l of laser locating apparatus ₂Keep vertical, and the inside and outside radius difference of loop laser reflective membrane is 1～2mm.

8. the arbitrarily angled bellmouth of a kind of composite panel shell structure according to claim 6 location polishing process is characterized in that loop laser reflective membrane material is that minute surfaces such as tinfoil paper or aluminium foil are reflected into main material.

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