CN102596126A

CN102596126A - Optical system for ophthalmic surgical laser

Info

Publication number: CN102596126A
Application number: CN2010800431483A
Authority: CN
Inventors: F·拉克希
Original assignee: Alcon Lensx Inc
Current assignee: Alcon Inc
Priority date: 2009-07-29
Filing date: 2010-07-21
Publication date: 2012-07-18
Anticipated expiration: 2030-07-21
Also published as: RU2544371C2; JP2013500131A; MX2012001330A; AU2010281494B2; AU2010281494A1; RU2012107317A; CA2769099A1; EP2459135A4; JP5540097B2; CN102596126B; EP2459135A2; KR20120068819A

Abstract

A laser system for ophthalmic surgery includes a laser engine to generate a pulsed laser beam, and an XY scanner, to receive the generated pulsed laser beam, and to output a scanning laser beam, the XY scanner including an X scanner, including two X scanning mirrors, and a Y scanner, including two Y scanning mirrors. The XY scanner can modify essentially independently an angle the outputted scanning laser beam makes with an optical axis, and a position at which the outputted scanning laser beam intersects a subsequent reference plane perpendicular to the optical axis.

Description

The optical system that is used for ophthalmologic operation laser

The cross reference of related application

The serial number that the application requires to submit on July 29th, 2009 is 12/511; The interests and the priority of 979 utility model application " Optical System for Ophthalmic Surgical Laser ", the integral body with this application is incorporated among this paper by reference.

Technical field

The present invention relates to be used to utilize femtosecond laser to carry out system, more specifically, relate to the minimized embodiment of optical distortion that makes laser beam in scanning and when focusing the laser beam in the eye the operation of the leading portion of eye.

Background technology

The application has described the technology and the system of laser surgery are carried out in the photodissociation (photodisruption) that is used in the leading portion of eye, causing through laser pulse to crystalline lens instance and embodiment.Be used to remove lenticular various operation on lens process and utilize various technology, crystalline lens is broken for the fractionlet that can from eye, take out through little otch.The fluid or the laser of these processes end user construction equipment, ultrasound wave, heating also tends to have significant disadvantage, and these shortcomings comprise: need get in the eye realizing fragmentation with probe, and the limited accuracy relevant with such crystalline lens crushing technology.

The photodissociation laser technology can be sent in the crystalline lens insertion that need not to pop one's head in broken crystalline lens optically with laser pulse, thereby the potentiality that can provide the crystalline lens of improvement to take out.The photodissociation of induced with laser has been widely used in laser eye surgery, and Nd:YAG laser often is used as lasing light emitter, comprises that the crystalline lens that the photodissociation through induced with laser realizes is broken.Some existing system utilizations have nanosecond laser (people such as E.H.Ryan, Americal Journal of Ophthalmology 104:382-386, in the October, 1987 of the pulse energy of several mJ; People such as R.R.Kruger, Ophthalmology 108:2122-2129,2001), and the picosecond laser (people such as A.Gwon, Cataract Refract Surg.21,282-286,1995) with tens of μ J.These long relatively pulses are provided to surgical site with relative lot of energy, cause having produced the undesired result's of relative elevation degree risk simultaneously to degree of accuracy with to the remarkable restriction of the control of process.

Similarly, in the association area of operation on cornea, recognize: the pulse of hundreds of (hundreds of) femtosecond persistent period through using substitutes nanosecond and picopulse, can realize shorter pulse duration and the focusing of Geng Jia.Femtosecond pulse provides energy still less in every pulse, has significantly improved the safety of degree of accuracy and process.

Present many companies will be used for the femtosecond laser technology commercialization of cornea ophthalmologic operation (for example, LASIK lobe (flap) and corneal transplantation).These companies comprise American I ntralase Corp./Advanced Medical Optics, German 20/10Perfect Vision Optische

GmbH, German Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc. and Switzerland Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems AG.

Yet, according to these systems of requirement design of operation on cornea.Crucially, the depth bounds of laser focusing is typically less than about 1mm, that is, and and the thickness of cornea.Therefore, these designs can not provide the significant challenge of solution to be used on the crystalline lens of eye, undergoing surgery.

Summary of the invention

Briefly and briefly, a kind of laser system that is used for ophthalmologic operation comprises: laser engine is used to produce pulse laser beam; And the XY scanning device, being used to receive the pulse laser beam and the output scanning laser beam that are produced, said XY scanning device comprises: the X scanning device, it comprises two X scanning reflection mirrors (scanning mirror); And the Y scanning device, it comprises two Y scanning reflection mirrors.

In some embodiments, said X scanning device is configured to make the fulcrum of said X scanning device to leave the reflecting mirror of said X scanning device.

In some embodiments, the fulcrum of said X scanning device is basically on the reflecting mirror of said Y scanning device.

In some embodiments, said Y scanning device is configured to make the fulcrum of said Y scanning device to leave the reflecting mirror of said Y scanning device.

In some embodiments; Said X scanning device and said Y scanning device are configured to make the fulcrum of said X scanning device to leave the reflecting mirror of said X scanning device and make the fulcrum of said Y scanning device leave the reflecting mirror of said Y scanning device, and make the fulcrum of said X scanning device overlap (coincide) basically with the fulcrum of said Y scanning device.

In some embodiments, said X scanning device and said Y scanning device are configured to make the fulcrum of said X scanning device to overlap with the fulcrum of said Y scanning device.

In some embodiments, the fulcrum of said Y scanning device is basically on the entering surface of follow-up (subsequent) optical element.

In some embodiments, the fulcrum of said Y scanning device is basically on the entrance pupil of subsequent optical element.

In some embodiments, said XY scanning device is configured to revise independently basically: the angle that the scanning laser beam of being exported by said XY scanning device is become with optical axis; And scanning laser beam of being exported and position perpendicular to the subsequent reference Plane intersects of said optical axis.

In some embodiments, said XY scanning device is configured to make aberration to compare with the aberration of the corresponding laser system that comprises the XY scanning device that only has two reflecting mirrors to reduce.

In some embodiments, said XY scanning device is configured to make astigmatism to compare with the astigmatism of the corresponding laser system that comprises the XY scanning device that only has two reflecting mirrors to reduce.

In some embodiments, said XY scanning device is configured to make coma to compare with the coma of the substantially the same laser system that comprises the XY scanning device that only has two reflecting mirrors to reduce.

In some embodiments, said XY scanning device is configured to be in the said laser beam of XY sweep limits interscan in the focal plane of said laser system, and the maximum of said XY sweep limits is greater than 5 millimeters and less than 15 millimeters.

In some embodiments, said XY scanning device is configured to be in the said laser beam of XY sweep limits interscan in the focal plane of said laser system, and the maximum of said XY sweep limits is greater than 8 millimeters and less than 13 millimeters.

In some embodiments, a kind of laser system that is used for ophthalmologic operation comprises: laser engine is used to produce pulse laser beam; And the XY scanning device, be used to receive the pulse laser beam and the output scanning laser beam that are produced, wherein, said XY scanning device is configured to revise independently basically: the angle that the scanning laser beam of being exported is become with optical axis; And scanning laser beam of being exported and position perpendicular to the subsequent reference Plane intersects of said optical axis.

In some embodiments, said XY scanning device comprises: the X scanning device, and it comprises two X scanning reflection mirrors; And the Y scanning device, it comprises two Y scanning reflection mirrors.

In some embodiments, the X fulcrum leaves the X scanning reflection mirror; And the Y fulcrum leaves the Y scanning reflection mirror.

In some embodiments, the X fulcrum leaves the X scanning reflection mirror; The Y fulcrum leaves the Y scanning reflection mirror; And said X fulcrum overlaps with said Y fulcrum basically.

In some embodiments, a kind of laser system that is used for ophthalmologic operation comprises: laser engine is used to produce pulse laser beam; And the XY scanning device, be used to receive said pulse laser beam and output scanning laser beam, wherein, said XY scanning device comprises first quick control (fast steering) XY scanning reflection mirror; And the second quick control XY scanning reflection mirror, wherein, the said first and second quick control XY reflecting mirrors can carry out angular movement around two rotating shafts.

In some embodiments, the X fulcrum that is produced by the said first and second XY rapid control reflectors overlaps with the Y fulcrum that is produced by the said first and second XY rapid control reflectors basically.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 example surgical laser transmission system 1;

Fig. 2 example G and wavefront (aberrated wavefront) W that aberration is arranged before the high bass wave;

Fig. 3 A-B example at light optimum and place, scanning focal plane;

Fig. 3 C example the definition of focal spot radius;

Fig. 4 example the relation between Strehl ratio S and the RMS wavefront error ω;

Fig. 5 example the reference point of ophthalmologic operation;

Fig. 6 A-B conceptually example the operation of precompensation device 200;

Fig. 7 A-B example the various application of effective Z scan function;

Fig. 8 A-D example the embodiment of precompensation device 200;

Fig. 9 example have an embodiment of the transmission laser system 1 of two Z scanning devices;

Figure 10 example comprise the table of the configuration of 0,1 or 2 Z depth scan device and 0,1 or 2 NA modifier;

Figure 11 A-C example have an XY scanning device of 2,3 and 4 scanning reflection mirrors;

Figure 12 A-D example as the aberration of the function of numerical aperture and as the corresponding optical numerical value aperture NA of the function of Z depth of focus (focal depth) _Opt(z);

Figure 13 A-B example two settings of the first beam expander piece 400 and removable beam expander piece 500;

Figure 14 example the focal plane, centre (intermediate) of Z scanning device 450;

Figure 15 example the embodiment of object lens 700;

Figure 16 example the crooked focal plane in the target area;

Figure 17 example the nomographic chart (nomogram) at XY scanning device inclination angle;

Figure 18 example the nomographic chart of removable beam expander position; And

Figure 19 example the step of calculation control method.

The specific embodiment

Some embodiments of the present invention comprise and are used for utilizing femto-second laser pulse in system that the crystalline lens of eye undergos surgery.(integrated) embodiment of some integration can also carry out cornea and operation on lens process this two.It is relevant with the requirement that on matter, is different from the operation on cornea process in the crystalline lens of eye, to carry out ophthalmologic operation.

The operation on lens laser system of current description and the main distinction between the cornea system comprise:

1. femto-second laser pulse will be produced reliably.The high repetition frequency femtosecond pulse allows to use littler every pulse energy, and this provides higher control and precision for the operator of system.Yet, compare with nanosecond of in some existing systems, using or picopulse, producing femtosecond pulse reliably but is sizable challenge.

The surgical laser bundle propagation pass be 5 millimeters the refractive medium that comprises cornea and anterior chamber's water cavity to the maximum and when just in time arriving surgical target (crystalline lens) by refraction significantly.By contrast, the laser beam that is used for operation on cornea is focused at the degree of depth place of one millimeter of less than, thereby when surgery systems gets into cornea, is not being reflected basically.

3. the surgical laser transmission system is configured to scan the whole surgery zone, for example, from the lenticular front/front portion of the typical 5mm degree of depth to lenticular back/rear portion at typical 10mm degree of depth place.This 5mm or bigger depth scan scope or " Z sweep limits " significantly are wider than the sweep limits of the 1mm degree of depth that is used for the operation that corneal carries out.Typically, operation Optical devices (optics), high-NA Optical devices particularly used herein are optimised to and focus the laser beam into specific operational depth.During the operation on cornea process, the scanning of the 1mm degree of depth only causes the moderate with optimum operational depth to depart from (departure).By contrast, when operation on lens from scan period of 5 to 10mm, system is driven away from fixed optimum operational depth.Therefore, the operation on lens transmission laser system adopts the adaptability Optical devices that more become more meticulous can scan the required wide depth scan scope of operation on lens.

4. some embodiment are integrated, and the two undergos surgery so that be configured to corneal and crystalline lens.In the embodiment of these integration, the depth scan scope is 10mm rather than 5mm to the maximum, and this proposes more difficult challenge.

5. during operation on cornea process, perpendicular to optical axis (" in the XY face ") scanning laser beam such as many LASIK variations.In typical process, the XY sweep limits only covers the core of the cornea with 10mm diameter.Yet, in the surgery systems of integrating, also form extra otch.One type otch is for getting into otch (entry cut), and this is provided to the inlet of intraccular part for aspiration needle and routine operation instrument.The otch of another type is that limbus of corneae loosens that (limbal relaxing incision, LRI), it is right that it comprises just at the otch at the limbus of corneae portion place of hemal arch (vascular arcade) front for otch.Through length, the degree of depth and the position of adjusting these crossbow incisions, can induce the variation of cornea astigmatism.Get into the periphery that otch and LRI can be set at cornea, typically have the diameter of 12mm.Though the XY sweep diameter is increased to 12mm from 10mm to be compared with the normal dia of LASIK lobe and has only increased by 20%; But the off-axis aberration maintenance with transmission laser system under such diameter is significant challenge in control, and this is to increase pro rata because of the more high power of off-axis aberration with the diameter in the field at place, focal plane.

6. crystalline lens laser surgery process need is from the guiding of meticulous imaging system.In some imaging systems; The limbus of corneae blood vessel is identified to be used as the reference marker on the eye; Ring with calibration eye during operating time changes (cyclo-rotational) aligning; In some cases, carry out this calibration with respect to the reference coordinate that between the preoperative diagnostic period of eye, is identified.The interference that the blood vessel of selecting at operative region periphery least can be performed the operation, thereby be the most reliable.Yet the imaging system that is guided so peripheral blood vessel requires image optics to having (for example, 12mm) the regional imaging of radius greater than 10mm.

7. laser beam can form various aberrations when optical path is propagated within the eye.Transmission laser system can be improved precision through compensating these aberrations.The additional aspect of these aberrations does, aberration depends on light frequency, and this fact is called " aberration ".The aberration that compensates these frequency dependences has increased the challenge to system.The difficulty that compensates these aberration increases with the bandwidth of the laser beam of laser system.Should remember: the spectral bandwidth and the pulsewidth of bundle are inversely proportional to.Therefore, the bandwidth of femtosecond pulse is usually than the big magnitude of bandwidth of picopulse or more, and this makes the better colourity compensation (chromatic compensation) in fs-laser system necessitate.

8. use the operation process of the femtosecond laser surgery systems of high repetition frequency require on absolute sense about the target location in the destination organization and on relative meaning about before the high accuracy of pulse when locating each pulse.For example, require laser system to come to guide again light beam with only several microns (a few microns) in the time (it can have the microsecond magnitude) between pulse.And degree of accuracy pulse location (placement) short owing to the time between two succeeding impulses requires high, so the manual aiming of in the operation on lens system of existing low-repetition-frequency, using (targeting) no longer is suitable or feasible.

9. transmission laser system is configured to femto-second laser pulse is transferred in the lenticular whole surgery volume of eye and keep its time, spectrum and spatial integrity property through refractive medium.

In order to ensure the tissue in operative region only receive have sufficiently high energy density laser beam to produce surgical effect (for example, cutting tissue), transmission laser system has high unusually numerical aperture (NA).This high NA causes speckle size (spot size) and necessary control and precision is provided for operation process.The typical range of numerical aperture can comprise the NA value greater than 0.3, and this produces 3 microns or speckle size more.

11. the complexity of the optical path of the given laser that is used for operation on lens; Transmission laser system realizes high accuracy and control through the imaging system that comprises high-performance computer management, and corneal surgery system is not having such imaging system or having under the situation of low-level imaging system just can to realize gratifying control.Especially, the operation of this system is all operated in different bands of a spectrum with imaging function and routine observation light beam usually.As an example, operate in the visible band that the surgical laser device can be operated in the wavelength in the band of 1.0-1.1 micron, the observation light beam is in the 0.4-0.7 micron, imaging beam is operated in the band of 0.8-0.9 micron.The beam combination path has proposed harsh colourity requirement to the Optical devices of laser surgery system in public or shared optics.

Difference 1-11 is through several instance illustrations: the ophthalmology laser surgery that (i) (ii) utilizes femtosecond pulse to carry out to crystalline lens introduced on matter with the operation on cornea that only uses nanosecond or picosecond laser pulse with in addition the operation on lens different requirement.

Fig. 1 example transmission laser system 1.Before being described in greater detail, we mention: some embodiment are with the transmission laser system combination of imaging or observation system and Fig. 1.In some operation on cornea processes of handling such as LASIK, eye tracker relies on the reference by location through coming such as the visual cues to the sign at the center of iris typically on the eye surface, to set up of imaging and image processing algorithm.Yet, the characteristic in existing eye tracker identification and the analysis of two-dimensional space, lack of depth information, this is because corneal (outermost layer of eye) is carried out surgical operation.Usually, cornea even flattened to guarantee that this surface really is a two dimension.

When laser beam being focused in the crystalline lens that gos deep into intraccular part, situation is very different.Not only between formerly the measurement and operation, and at intra-operative, crystalline lens can change its position, shape, thickness and diameter during adapt (accommodation).Through machinery eye is attached to the shape that surgical apparatus also can change eye with indefinite mode.Like this attachment arrangement comprise with inhale the fixing eye of ring or with plane or curved lens to the eye aplanasia.In addition, the patient introduces additional change in perioperative mobile meeting.These changes can increase visual cues within the eye reach several microns displacement.Therefore, when the crystalline lens of eye or other interior sections were carried out accurate laser surgery, mechanically reference was not satisfied with the eye surface of fixing front surface such as cornea or edge.

In order to address this problem; Transmission laser system 1 can with at R.M.Kurtz; The patent application serial numbers of the common pending trial of F.Raksi and M.Karavitis is the imaging system combination of describing in 12/205,844 the U.S. Patent application, and the full content with this application is incorporated among this paper by reference.This imaging system is configured to the part of operative region is formed images to set up the three-dimensional position reference based on the internal feature of eye.These images can produce before operation and upgrade concurrently to consider individual difference and change with operation process.This image can be used to high accuracy and control laser beam directed into safely the position of hope.

In some embodiments, imaging system can be optical coherence tomography (OCT) system.The optical path that the one-tenth video beam of this imaging system can have independent image optics path or partly or fully share with the operation light beam.Imaging system with optical path of partially or even wholly sharing has reduced cost and has simplified the calibration to imaging and surgery systems.This imaging system can also be used the light source identical or different with the laser instrument of transmission laser system 1.This imaging system can also have the beam flying subsystem of himself, perhaps can utilize the scanning subsystem of transmission laser system 1.Several kinds of different structures of such OCT system have been described in the application of the common pending trial of being quoted.

Can also make up with Optical devices with visual observation and implement transmission laser system 1.Observation can help the operator of surgical laser to observe the effect of operation laser beam with Optical devices and control light beam in response to observed result.

At last, in some embodiment that use infrared and sightless thus surgical laser bundle, can be employed in the additional tracking laser of operating under the visible frequency.May be implemented as the path of following the tracks of infrared surgical laser it is thus clear that follow the tracks of laser.Following the tracks of laser can operate under enough low energy so that can not cause any destruction to destination organization.Observation can be configured to the tracking laser from the destination organization reflection is directed into the operator of transmission laser system 1 with Optical devices.

In Fig. 1, can be coupled to (for example, through beam splitter/dichroic mirror 600) in the transmission laser system 1 with the relevant light beam of Optical devices with imaging system and visual observation.The application is with the no longer various combinations of extensive discussions transmission laser system 1 and imaging, observation system and tracking system.In a large amount of such combination of extensive discussions in the U.S. Patent application of incorporating into 12/205,844 all in the total size in the application.

Fig. 1 example transmission laser system 1; It comprises laser engine 100, precompensation device 200, XY scanning device 300, the first beam expander piece 400, removable beam expander piece 500, beam splitter/dichroic mirror 600, object lens 700 and patient interface 800; Wherein, the first beam expander piece 400 will close with removable beam expander piece 500 and be called Z scanning device 450.

In some embodiments below, use such regulation: the Z axle is basically along the direction of the optical path of laser beam or along the direction of the optical axis of optical element.The direction of cross-section Z direction is called the XY direction.On more wide in range meaning, use a technical term " cross-section " to comprise following situation: in some embodiments, transverse direction and Z direction can be not strict perpendicular to each other.In some embodiments, can transverse direction be described better about radial coordinate.Thus, in described embodiment, direction like term " cross-section ", XY or the radial direction representation class, all approximate (in case of necessity accurately) is perpendicular to the Z direction.

1. laser engine 100

Laser engine 100 can comprise the laser instrument that sends laser pulse with predetermined laser parameter.These laser parameters can be included in 1 femtosecond in 100 picosecond range or at 10 femtoseconds in 10 picosecond range or in certain embodiments in the pulse duration of 100 femtoseconds in 1 picosecond range.This laser pulse can have in the little burnt scope of 0.1 little Jiao to 1000, the every pulse energy in the little burnt scope of 1 little Jiao to 100 in other embodiments.Pulse can have at 10kHz in the 100MHz scope, in other embodiments in the repetition rate of 100kHz in the 1MHz scope.Other embodiment can have the laser parameter in the combination that falls into these scope restrictions, for example, and the scope in the pulse duration of 1-1000 femtosecond.For example, during the pre-operation process or based on calculating, in these wide regions, select to be used for the laser parameter of particular procedure such as the particular data at its age according to the patient.

The instance of laser engine 100 can comprise Nd: glass and Nd:Yag laser instrument and various other laser instrument.The operative wavelength of laser engine can be in infrared or visible range.In certain embodiments, operative wavelength can be in the 700nm-2 micrometer range.In some cases, for example, in the infrared laser based on Yb or Nd, operative wavelength can be in the 1.0-1.1 micrometer range.

In some embodiments, the laser parameter of laser pulse can be adjustable and variable.Can adjust laser parameter with short switching time, make the operator of surgical laser transmission system 1 change laser parameter thus at the intra-operative of complicacy.Can be in response to starting such parameter change through the sensing of transmission laser system 1 or the reading of imaging subsystems (reading).

Can carry out other parameter changes, as at first being used for first operation process in transmission laser system and being used for the part of the multistep process of the second different operation processs subsequently.Instance comprises and at first in the lenticular zone of eye, carries out one or more operating procedures (for example, capsule is cut operating procedure), in the cornea zone of eye, carries out second operation process subsequently.Can carry out these processes with various orders.

Can be with being used for surgical application to obtain specific beneficial effect to hundreds thousand of time percussions (shot) or higher pulse recurrence frequency operation and high repeat frequency pulsed laser with low relatively every pulse energy so that per second is tens thousand of.Such laser uses low relatively every pulse energy so that the tissue influence's localization that is caused by the photodissociation of induced with laser.In certain embodiments, for example, can the scope of dissociative tissue be restricted to several microns or tens of micron.The tissue influence of this localization can improve the precision of laser surgery, and in the particular procedure process, is desirable.In the various embodiments of such operation, hundreds of, thousands of or millions of pulses can be transferred to the sequence of speckle successive, approximately continuous or that separate through controlled distance.These embodiments can be realized specific desirable surgical effect, for example, and tissue dissection, separation or fragmentation.

Can pass through the whole bag of tricks strobe pulse parameter and scanning patter.For example, can be based on measuring and strobe pulse parameter and scanning patter before the art of lenticular optics or architectural characteristic.Equally can be based on measuring before the art of lenticular optics or architectural characteristic or selecting laser energy and speckle to separate based on the algorithm relevant with the age.

2. the precompensation device 200

Fig. 2 example the wavefront of laser beam can be with several kinds of different modes and because several different former thereby depart from ideal characterisitics.Big group that these depart from is called aberration.Aberration (with other wavefront distortions) makes actual image point from ideal paraxial Gauss image point displacement.Fig. 2 example the wavefront of the light of drawing through emergent pupil (exit pupil) ExP.Not distored spheric wave front G launches and converges to the some P1 of the center of surface of wavefront G from this pupil.G is also referred to as Gaussian reference sphere.There is the wavefront W of aberration to depart from G and converge to different P2.Can the characterizing by light path (optical length) of wavefront W that aberration is arranged with respect to the path of not distored reference sphere G at the aberration Δ W at a Q1 place:

Wherein, n _iBe the refractive index of the medium in the image space,

Be the distance between a Q1 and the Q2.

Usually, the coordinate that aberration Δ W depends at the emergent pupil place and the focal plane is located.Therefore, this aberration Δ W also can be considered to correlation function: it looks like this function representation to converge to the set that P1 from the optical axis moves the point of the P2 behind the r ' and is positioned on the surperficial W, and this surface W has departed from the amount of Δ W from reference sphere G at the radial distance r place at emergent pupil ExP place.For rotational symmetric system, Δ W can launch and be written as about the double power series among r and the r ':

ΔW (r^{'}; r, Θ) = Σ_{l = 0}^{\infty} Σ_{n = 1}^{\infty} Σ_{m = 0}^{\infty} a_{nm}^{2 l + m} r^{' 2 l + m} r^{n} \cos^{m} Θ . - - - (1)

Wherein r ' is the radial coordinate of the picture point P2 in the focal plane, and r is the radial coordinate at the some Q1 at pupil place.Θ representes angle-dependence by spherical angle.N=2p+m is a positive integer, and _2l+mα _NmExpansion coefficient for wavefront W that aberration is arranged.Be used for reference, referring to for example: the Optical Imaging and Aberrations of Virendra N.Mahajan, Part I.Ray Geometrical Optics, SPIE Optical Engineering Press.The rank of aberration item are provided by i=2l+m+n.

Item up to i=4 is relevant with primary aberration: spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, the curvature of field and distortion.In the document, write down these primary aberrations with _2l+mα _NmActual relationship between the aberration coefficients.For system, can suppress the aberration item to the picture radius r through introducing nondimensional variable ρ=r/ α to point target imaging ' explicit dependency, wherein α is the horizontal linear degree (for example, its radius) of emergent pupil:

ΔW (ρ, Θ) = Σ_{n = 1}^{\infty} Σ_{m = 0}^{\infty} a_{nm} ρ^{n} \cos^{m} Θ, - - - (2)

Wherein

a_{nm} = a^{n} Σ_{l = 0}^{\infty} a_{nm}^{2 l + m} r^{' 2 l + m} . - - - (3)

The benefit of this representation is aberration coefficients α _NmAll have length dimension and be illustrated in the maximum of the corresponding aberration at emergent pupil place.In this representation, for example, spherical aberration is by aberration coefficients α ₄₀Characterize.

Though on mathematics about aberration coefficients α _NmDefine description well to aberration, but this always experimentally not immediate method.Therefore, next describing three alternative aberrations measures.

But the experiment nearness with can the identical vein of degree of test (experimental accessibility and testability) in, notice that light beam such as the characteristic in the biological tissue of eye possibly not be measurement the most easily.Helpful ground, research shows: the property class of light in eye is similar to the characteristic of light in the saline with the suitable salinity of physiology of can quantitative measurement and describing.Therefore, in whole application, when describing the characteristic in eye of transmission laser system, should be appreciated that this description is meant characteristic or the characteristic in the saline of correspondence in described ocular tissue.

Fig. 3 A-C example second measuring of aberration.If be configured to the transmission laser system 1 that light beam focuses on 210 places, focal plane at degree of depth A place alternatively is operating as light beam is focused on 211 places, operation focal plane that are positioned at the depth B place, then can cause spherical aberration.When the focus of laser beam from the focal plane 210 when moving to focal plane 211, such situation for example can occur in during the 3-D scanning process.

Fig. 3 A example the situation when transmission laser system 1 focuses light rays at its optimum focal plane 210.Light is through having extremely narrow radical length (radial extent) or radius r _fThe speckle (" focal spot ") at 210 places, optimum focal plane (A).(for example, the refraction of light beam) for a variety of reasons, this radical length r _f(A) can be greater than zero.Can be to define the radius of focal spot more than a kind of mode.r _fBeing normally defined (A) when the position of the screen least radius of hot spot on screen when axle or Z direction change.This Z degree of depth is commonly referred to " minimum dispersion point (point of least confusion) ".Should definition about the further refinement of Fig. 3 C.

Fig. 3 B example focus is departed from certain distance (for example, several millimeters) and scans the situation of operation during focal plane 211 from optimum focal plane 210 when transmission laser system 1.Clearly, light is through having greater than r _f(A) radius r _f(B) focal spot causes spherical aberration.The mathematical formulae that has developed various precision is with related aberration coefficients α _NmWith the focal spot radius r _fIn some cases, focal spot radius r _fBe be used to quantize aberration experimentally than α _NmWhat aberration coefficients was more approaching measures.

Fig. 3 C example the focal spot radius r _fMore quantitative definition.Fig. 3 C example the energy that the point of the radius r of measuring from the centre of form (centroid) of light beam, comprises.The focal spot radius r _fWidely acceptedly be defined as such radius, in this radius, comprise 50% of beam energy.The curve that is marked as " A " shows in the light beam (diffraction limited beam) in diffraction limited; When light beam is focused its optimum focal plane 210 (shown in Fig. 3 A); Can in the speckle of radius r=0.8 micron, comprise or enclose into 50% of beam energy, this provides r _f(A) useful definition.

If the energy of laser beam is stockpiled in the focal spot of good and sharp keen qualification, the operation process that then punctures (LIOB) based on the light of induced with laser can have higher precision and efficient and less undesirable influence.LIOB is the height Nonlinear Processing with intensity (plasma) threshold value: typically; The structural transformation that is exposed to the light beam with the intensity that is higher than the plasma threshold value is a plasma, does not experience the plasma transformation and be exposed to the organizing of light beam with the intensity that is lower than the plasma threshold value.Therefore, the widening of the focal spot that is caused by aberration reduced the part of intensity that realizes being higher than the plasma threshold value at the place, focal plane of light beam, and its intensity that has increased light beam keeps below the part of threshold value.This back part of light beam can effectively not absorbed by destination organization, and continues to propagate through ocular tissue, in most of the cases arrives retina, and this can cause does not potentially hope the retina exposure.

For the operation process that is intended to revise cornea; Typically along Z direction (along optical axis) from its optimum or rated depth with focal plane scanning or move about only 0.6mm; This is because the thickness of cornea is essentially 0.6mm, can be thicker under rare situation but still can not surpass 1mm.Be marked as " B " the curve example move the 1mm upper limit of the operation on cornea process (estimate) from its optimum focal plane 210 and when arriving operation focal plane 211, when the focal plane of light beam at r _fMicron (B)=1.8 comprised 50% of beam energy in the focal spot radius.Though should move and introduce aberration, its measured value is limited.Correspondingly, some existing cornea laser system can not compensate this aberration at all, and other system is also only introduced the compensation of certain limited level.

Except aberration coefficients α _NmWith the focal spot radius r _fOutside, it is so-called Strehl ratio S that the 3rd of aberration is measured.Can be being benchmark from the point source emitted light beams, the Strehl ratio S of system is defined as: in the peak strength of the light beam at the place, focal plane of system theoretical peak-peak intensity divided by the equivalent perfect picture imaging system that is operated in the diffraction limit place.Equivalent definition can be known and in the scope of the definition of Strehl ratio S from document equally.

Corresponding to this definition, the value of S is more little, and aberration is big more.Do not have the light beam of aberration to have S=1, and usually when S＞0.8, imaging system is called diffraction limited.

The 4th of aberration is defined as root-mean-square ω or wavefront error RMS, and its expression departs from Δ W to the never distored wavefront G's of wavefront W that aberration is arranged that asks average Fig. 2 at the whole wavefront at emergent pupil ExP place.Wavelength with light beam is unit representation ω, to be nondimensional amount.

Fig. 4 example for relatively little aberration, ω is related through following empirical equation with S:

S \approx e^{- {(2 πω)}^{2} - - - (4)}

And do not consider the type of aberration, wherein e is the end of natural logrithm.

The above-mentioned four kinds of designs measured for diagnosis problem and optimization transmission laser system 1 of all of aberration are useful.Correspondingly, generic term " aberration is measured " can be represented these any or its equivalents in measuring.Apparently, through aberration coefficients α _Nm, the focal spot radius r _fWith the increase of RMS wavefront error ω and reducing of Strehl ratio S, can know the aberration that (capture) increases.

In specific instance through the spherical aberration alpha is shown ₄₀Verify the relation of these aberrations between measuring with corresponding Strehl ratio S.In this example, surgical laser system focuses on laser beam in the ocular tissue at subsurface different depth place of ocular tissue.Laser beam is a diffraction limited, has the numerical aperture of 1 micron wavelength and NA=0.3, and with the surface of normal incidence angular focusing at tissue.The number of this instance is similar near the plane-parallel plate that increase thickness equates with scan depths the focal plane of system and carries out the effect to brinish calculating.

The aberration that is characterized by formula (2) and (3) has been introduced on the surface of tissue in light beam.By aberration coefficients α ₄₀The spherical aberration that characterizes is zero in the surface, by its very the Strehl ratio that causes of structure be S=1.

Lasik surgery typically forms the lobe (flap) of the 0.1mm degree of depth.At these degree of depth places, it is about 0.996 that Strehl ratio S is reduced to, and only is little reducing.Even at 0.6mm degree of depth place, that is, be similar to back surface at cornea, S is about 0.85.Though this is the reduction of can not ignore of peak strength, but still can compensate through the adjustment laser beam intensity.

On the other hand, at 5mm degree of depth place, characterize the lenticular front surface in the eye, the Strehl ratio is reduced to S=0.054.Under this degree of depth and Strehl ratio, beam intensity is significantly reduced under the plasma threshold value, and this light beam can not produce LIOB thus.The rapid loss of this of peak strength can not be through increasing the laser power compensation under not having such as the situation of amphiblestroid serious overexposure or excessively undesirable influence of the bubble size of increase.

Table 1 example with the corresponding spherical aberration α of above-mentioned Strehl ratio ₄₀Obviously, approximately linear ground increases spherical aberration with tissue depth, and Strehl ratio S changes with nonlinear way:

The degree of depth in the tissue [mm]	Spherical aberration α ₄₀[micron]	Strehl ratio S
			0	0.00	?1.000
0.1	-0.04	?0.996
			0.6	-0.24	?0.856
5	-2.00	?0.054
			10	-3.99	?0.041

Table 1

Be intended to carry out crystalline lens loosen operation process or other of (lens lysis), cystitomy to lenticular operation process in, stride lenticular entire depth (can reach 5mm) scanning focal plane usually.In addition, in cornea-intraocular lens system of integrating, total scan depths can extend to surface, lenticular back from cornea, is about 10mm.The curve that is denoted as " C " among Fig. 3 C shows: in these cases, focal spot radius maximum rises to r _f(C)=18 micron, this value is too big so that even do not appear at and r _f(A) and r _f(B) among the identical figure.In certain embodiments, optimum focal plane can be selected as and be positioned at the depth scan scope midway, and can with+/-the 5mm depth bounds comes scanning laser beam.In this case, r _f(C) can be reduced to 10 microns.

These big r _f(C) value converts other three kinds of aberrations into and measures α ₄₀, a large amount of aberrations among S and the ω.Obviously, opposite with the operation on cornea process that only scans tens of millimeters, the big aberration of these of operation on lens has proposed huge challenge for design transmission laser system 1 to compensate or to manage its undesired consequences.

In order to solve the problem that the big aberration relevant with operation on lens measured, some embodiment comprise that precompensation device 200 is with the precompensation spherical aberration and improve aberration and measure.These aberrations develop in destination organization or in transmission laser system 1, develop along the part development of optical path or along the overall optical optical path.

Fig. 5 example (not in scale): because aberration is measured r _f(C), α ₄₀, S and ω depend on depth z and its of focal spot and the radial distance r of optical axis, measures when presenting a value when describing aberration hereinafter, it is meant that aberration is measured at some reference point place that selectes and presents said value.The set of relevant reference point can be passed through its cylindrical coordinates, and (z, r) describe: P1=(0,0), P2=(2,6), P3=(5,0), P4=(8,0), P5=(8,3) all are unit with the millimeter.Because the primary structure of eye presents approximate post symmetry; These P reference points can be positioned at any azimuth

therefore; These P only name a person for a particular job by two expressions in its three cylindrical coordinatess, and azimuth

is omitted.P1 is the representative point that is used for the operation on cornea process of centralized positioning, and P2 typically is used for peripheral cornea operation process, and P3 relates to lenticular forefoot area, and P4 relates to lenticular rear portion, and P5 is peripheral crystalline lens reference point.Also can adopt other reference points to characterize the aberration of transmission laser system.In some cases, aberration is measured the aberration that can refer to operation wavefront or irradiated zone levelingization and is measured.

Can confirm that aberration measures with several kinds of different modes.Can follow the tracks of the wavefront of laser beam through the part of selected part (for example, the model of destination organization) or the transmission laser system 1 of computer-aided design (CAD) method through optical path.Perhaps, can be in the combination of practical laser transmission system or these two processes the aberration of Laser Measurement bundle.

Correspondingly; In some embodiments; Through confirming, calculate or measure aberration and measure along the selected part (it can comprise destination organization self) of optical path; Confirm then to this confirm/the previously selected part of the aberration of calculatings/measurement compensates the amount of needed precompensation, selects the precompensation through 200 introducings of precompensation device.

Precompensation device 200 can be revised or the precompensation spherical aberration effectively, and this is because spherical aberration mainly influences axial ray.Aberration effects non-zero angle light and field ray (comprising light) such as the other types of lateral aberration, astigmatism and intelligent image difference from optical axis deviation.When the laser beam that is produced by laser engine 100 was the substantial axial light beam, into non-zero angle light beam (having field ray) was changed this axial pencil in various (the XY scanning device 300 the most significantly) in the optical path.

Therefore, the precompensation device is arranged in XY scanning device 300 design afterwards therein, and the field ray of light beam can develop several kinds of different aberrations.The appearance of this difference aberration has brought great design challenge, this be because: the optimization of (1) light beam need compensate several kinds of aberrations, and (ii) dissimilar aberrations is not independent of each other.Thus, one type aberration of compensation typically can be induced the aberration of undesirable other types.

Therefore, the structure after compensator is arranged in the XY scanning device typically, has only compensated spherical aberration with limited degree, and is cost to have introduced other undesirable aberrations.

By contrast, the embodiment of this transmission laser system 1 can have the precompensation device 200 before XY scanning device 300.This design allows 200 pairs of spherical aberrations of precompensation device to carry out precompensation and can not introduce the undesired aberration of other types.

Some embodiments even can go up precompensation and come precompensation off-axis aberration (the follow-up section by transmission laser system or destination organization causes) to utilize above-mentioned axle to go up the interdependency of aberration and off-axis aberration through introduce axle by precompensation device 200.

Fig. 6 A-B schematic example the idealized operation of precompensation device 200.

Fig. 6 A example do not have a transmission laser system 1 of precompensation device.Usually, optical path section 301 can be introduced the spherical aberration of certain level.This is illustrated by not distored wavefront that gets into optical path section 301 and the wavefront with aberration that leaves optical path section 301.This section can be any section of optical path, for example, and the part of destination organization or the part in whole destination organization or the path in transmission laser system 1.

Fig. 6 B example precompensation device 200 can introduce compensation (or the complementary) distortion of wavefront.This wavefront through precompensation gets into optical path section 301 then, the distortion that its output is had reduce or even do not have distored wavefront.

Some existing system does not have dedicated compensator at all.Only the lens in the scioptics group are with the distribution mode compensating for spherical aberration for other system, and this battery of lens also has other functions and is positioned at after the XY scanning device.In these existing systems, select the parameter of lens as the result who between difference in functionality, trades off, this causes the restriction to its performance.

By contrast, the embodiment of transmission laser system 1 can have the special-purpose precompensation device 200 that is arranged on before the XY scanning device 300.In certain embodiments, precompensation device 200 is first optical unit or battery of lens, and it receives laser beam from laser engine 100.Do not develop because the position of precompensation device 200, laser beam arrive precompensation device 200 and non-zero angle light or field ray (can cause), so these embodiment can realize high-caliber precompensation by XY scanning device 300.Therefore this precompensation also is efficiently, and this is because precompensation is the major function of precompensation device 200, and to have an existing system that the lens of additional function compensate opposite with utilization, can design tradeoff be remained very limited.

For those reasons, in these embodiments, can high level the ground correcting spherical aberration, and can not influence or introduce the aberration of other types.

Known such Aberration Theory: the spherical aberration of combined lens system is approximately the summation of the spherical aberration of each assembly.Therefore, in some embodiment of transmission laser system 1, can be through design precompensation device 200 to introduce equivalent but the aberration with contrary sign comes the aberration of the undesirable amount of precompensation.

As an example, when the degree of depth of focal spot in ocular tissue when 5mm is moved in its optimum focal plane, spherical aberration α ₄₀(according to table 1) is-2.0 microns.Correspondingly, in certain embodiments, precompensation device 200 can be introduced α ₄₀=+2.0 microns aberration is measured.In first approximation, the 5mm that this precompensation has been eliminated by focal spot basically moves the spherical aberration that causes and correspondingly the Strehl ratio is got back to S=1 from the S=0.054 increase.(this simplified example has been ignored other aberrant sources.)

Some embodiments below will characterizing through " non-precompensation " transmission laser system 1 (that is, having removed the transmission laser system of precompensation device 200) relatively and " through precompensation " transmission laser system 1 (that is, not removing the system of precompensation device 200).

In some embodiments, precompensation device 200 is installed and can the Strehl ratio be increased to the value S＞S (precomp) through the transmission laser system 1 of precompensation from the value S＜S (precomp) of the transmission laser system 1 of non-precompensation.In some embodiments, S (precomp) can be for example 0.6,0.7,0.8 or 0.9.

As stated; Here can refer to Strehl ratio S (P1) with following this Strehl ratio S at above-mentioned five reference point P1-P5 places; ... any among the S (P5); Perhaps refer to perhaps refer to meansigma methods, perhaps refer to meansigma methods the operation wavefront to the Strehl ratio S of these five reference points at the Strehl at some other predetermined reference point place ratio S.

Equally, the Strehl ratio goes for whole transmission laser system 1, and this system 1 receives laser beam from laser engine 100, ends in object lens 700 and in eyes mark tissue, forms focal spot.Under some other situation, this term is applicable to other targets (comprising air).In some embodiments, this term goes for the subsystem of transmission laser system 1.

In some embodiments; The pulse that goes out the correlation bandwidth of at least one magnitude greatly for the bandwidth of the transform-limited of the laser pulse that has than has psec or longer persistent period, the transmission laser system 1 of precompensation device 200 being added to non-precompensation can be increased to the value through precompensation that is higher than S=S (precomp) from the value of the non-precompensation that is lower than S=S (precomp) with the Strehl ratio.As stated, S (precomp) can be for example 0.6,0.7,0.8 or 0.9.

In some embodiments, add precompensation device 200 to transmission laser system 1 and can be in 0.4 micron to 1.1 microns wave-length coverage the Strehl ratio be increased to the value through precompensation that is higher than S=S (precomp) from the value of the non-precompensation that is lower than S=S (precomp).As stated, S (precomp) can be for example 0.6,0.7,0.8 or 0.9.

In some embodiments, the interpolation of precompensation device 200 can be increased to the value through precompensation that is higher than NA=NA (precomp) when having precompensation device 200 from the value corresponding to the non-precompensation that is lower than NA=NA (precomp) of the transmission laser system that does not have precompensation device 200 1 with the system value aperture.In some embodiments, the value of NA (precomp) can be for example 0.2,0.25,0.3 or 0.35.

In some embodiments, adding precompensation device 200 to the transmission laser system that does not have the precompensation device 1 can be with the focal spot radius r in the destination organization _fFrom greater than r _fThe value of non-precompensation (precomp) is reduced to the r that is lower than corresponding to the transmission laser system with precompensation device 200 1 _f(precomp) value through precompensation.In some embodiments, r _f(precomp) can be 2,3 or 4 microns.

In some embodiments, precompensation device 20 can be increased to the RMS wavefront error transmission laser system 1 of precompensation from the value ω＞ω (precomp) of the transmission laser system 1 of non-precompensation value ω＜ω (precomp) is installed.In some embodiments, for example, ω (precomp) can be 0.06,0.07,0.08 or 0.09, and all the wavelength with laser beam is a unit.

In some embodiments, can be with precompensation device 20 is installed with the value α of spherical aberration coefficient from the transmission laser system 1 of non-precompensation ₄₀＞α ₄₀(precomp) be increased to the value α of the transmission laser system 1 of precompensation ₄₀＜α ₄₀(precomp).In some embodiments, for example, α ₄₀(precomp) can be 2,3 or 4 microns.

In some embodiments, precompensation device 200 is installed to can makes at least a value from non-precompensation of following aberration in measuring reduce precompensation percentage ratio P (precomp) at least in the transmission laser system 1 of non-precompensation: RMS wavefront error ω, spherical aberration are measured α ₄₀And focal spot radius r _f, perhaps make Strehl ratio S increase precompensation percentage ratio P (precomp) at least.In certain embodiments, for example, P (precomp) can be 10% or 20% or 30% or 40%.

As stated, any the belonged to reference point P1 during these aberrations are measured ... any among the P5 or belong to some other predetermined reference point, or belong to value average at reference point place, maybe can be for to wavefront average.

In some embodiments, precompensation device 200 can also compensate the aspheric surface aberration, for example, and one-level or senior aberration more.In some cases, precompensation device 200 also can carry out the precompensation from axial ray.

In some embodiments, the aberration of precompensation device 200 compensation other types, the recruitment that can not make the RMS wavefront error simultaneously is more than 0.075, or is kept above the Strehl ratio (having for example 0.8 value) of S (precomp).

In some embodiments, precompensation device 200 can be increased to the radius r b of the light beam of drawing from precompensation device 200 value greater than rb=rb (precomp), and wherein rb (precomp) can be for example 5mm or 8mm.

Through in precompensation device 200, comprising one or more removable lens (movable lens), depth of focus is with the curvature of compensation focal plane.For example, for radial slot or have the plane otch of grating scanning pattern, radially or the change of XY coordinate can be very fast.In these processes, the Z scanning speed can help to form the straight cut of hope fast.

Finally, high Z scanning speed can be useful for some operation processs that carry out apace such as the cornea process equally.

In some embodiments, removable lens precompensation device 200 can change the degree of depth of the focal spot of transmission laser system with at least 5% axial velocity of the maximum transversal scanning speed of focal spot.In some embodiments, axial velocity be focal spot the maximum transversal scanning speed at least 10%.In other embodiments, axial velocity be focal spot the maximum transversal scanning speed at least 20%.

In some embodiments, removable lens precompensation device 200 can change the 0.5-1 millimeter with the Z coordinate of focal spot in sweep time at Z.

In some embodiments, this Z sweep time can be in 10-100 nanosecond, 100 nanosecond-1 millisecond, 1 millisecond-10 milliseconds and 10 milliseconds-100 milliseconds scope.

In some embodiments, the removable lens of battery of lens are removable in the Z moving range is decreased to less removable percentage ratio P (movable) so that first aberration is measured.Here, first aberration is measured and can be the spherical aberration alpha ₄₀, RMS wavefront error ω and focal spot radius r _f, and removable percentage ratio P (movable) can be 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%.

In some embodiments, the removable lens of battery of lens can move in the Z moving range, and so that Strehl ratio S is increased removable percentage ratio P (movable) at least, this removable percentage ratio P (movable) can be 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%.

In some embodiments, removable lens precompensation device 200 can change in the Z degree of depth, aberration measurement of numerical aperture NA, the focal spot of transmission laser system 1 any one and beam diameter basically independently through moving removable lens.In other words, move any one in these four characteristics that removable lens can change transmission laser system 1, and can not change other two characteristics.These embodiment provide sizable control for the operator of embodiment.

Some functions of precompensation device 200 are sometimes referred to as the bundle adjusting or expand bundle.Therefore, in some existing systems, the piece with identity function is called beam adjuster or beam expander.

In certain embodiments, precompensation device 200 comprises that only lens are realized above-mentioned functions.

In certain embodiments, precompensation device 200 comprises that two to five lens are to realize above-mentioned functions.

Fig. 8 A example three lens embodiment of precompensation device 200, comprise lens 221,222 and 223.

Fig. 8 B example three lens embodiment of removable lens precompensation device 200 ', comprise lens 221 ', removable lens 222 ' and lens 223 '.

Fig. 8 C example precompensation device 200 " four lens embodiment, comprise lens 231-234.

Fig. 8 D example removable lens precompensation device 200 " ' four lens embodiment, comprise lens 231 ', removable lens 232 ', lens 233 ' and lens 234 '.

Table 2-4 example precompensation device 200 and 200 ' the various three lens embodiments of Fig. 8 A-B.Can use thin lens to implement the embodiment of precompensation device 200.Therefore, can these precompensation devices be described about the refractive power of each lens and with next lens distance apart.

Table 2 example at three fixed lens embodiment of the precompensation device 200 shown in Fig. 8 A.In table 2, the 1st row show lens number, and the 2nd row show the refractive power of measuring with diopter Di (i=1,2,3), the 3rd row show between lens i and the i+1 apart from di (i=1,2).

Lens number	Refractive power [1/m]	Distance [mm] to next lens
			221	D1＝(-3，-5)	d1＝(60，100)
222	D2＝(3，5)	d2＝(3，9)
			223	D3＝(-3.5，-6)

The table 2 that is used for Fig. 8 A

Table 3 example the possible embodiment of the precompensation device 200 ' shown in Fig. 8 B with two removable lens 222 ' and 223 ', show lens interval diA and diB among two kinds of configurations A and B in the 3rd and the 4th row.Lens di at interval can change between diA and diB continuously.

The table 3 that is used for Fig. 8 B

Table 4 example in various embodiments, depends on such as a large amount of design of different beam sizes and free space and considers that above-mentioned parameter Di and di can present the value of wide region.Can be through with scale factor convergent-divergent refractive power and with the scale factor 1/ α convergent-divergent distance of correspondence, with the embodiment of some parameter associations in these embodiments to table 2-3.In addition, can additionally revise refractive power, to allow the difference in tolerance and the design implementation mode through tolerance factor t 1 to t3.These relations in table 4, have been summed up.

Lens number	Refractive power [1/m]	Distance [mm] to next lens
			221	D1＊α＊t1	d1/α
222	D2＊α＊t2	d2/α
			223	D3＊α＊t3

The table 4 that is used for Fig. 8 A-B

In some embodiments, scale factor can be in 0.3 to 3 scope, and tolerance factor t 1, t2 and t3 can be in 0.8 to 1.2 scopes.

Similarly, table 5 example precompensation device 200 " various four lens embodiments, wherein lens 231,232,233 and 234 are fixed, shown in Fig. 8 C.

Lens number	Refractive power [1/m]	Distance [mm] to next lens
			231	D1＝(-15，-20)	d1＝(100，130)
232	D2＝(-5，-8)	d2＝(32，41)
			233	D3＝(-25，-35)	d3＝(33，45)
234	D4＝(7，10)

The table 5 that is used for Fig. 8 C

Table 6 example the precompensation device 200 of Fig. 8 D " ' four lens embodiments, wherein have removable lens 232 '.

The table 6 that is used for Fig. 8 D

With identical in three lens embodiments, four lens precompensation devices 200 " and 200 " ' parameter can present the value of wide region.Similar with table 4, can be through scale factor, 1/ α, t1, t2, t3 and t4 are associated with each other with some parameters in these embodiments respectively.Scale factor can be in 0.2 to 5 scope, and tolerance factor t 1 ... t4 can be in 0.7 to 1.3 scope.

In other embodiments, adopt other combinations and scope.In these scopes since can optimization system being used to cause many difference in functionalitys of different choice, so many embodiment of transmission laser system 1 are possible.Design tradeoff and optimization restriction can cause a large amount of embodiments, and each embodiment all has the advantage of himself.Examples of ranges through the parameter in above-mentioned table 2-6 a large amount of probabilities.

In the embodiment with removable lens of precompensation device 200 ', these removable lens can change in the laser system characteristic basically independently.These parameters comprise Z depth of focus, numerical aperture NA, aberration any and the diameter of outgoing beam in measuring.For example, these embodiments allow the operator to change the numerical aperture of transmission laser system 1 for example and do not change for example Z depth of focus.

In some embodiments, precompensation device 200 has two elements that move independently.Such embodiment allows the operator to control two characteristics (for example, beam diameter and numerical aperture NA) of laser beam independently, makes aberration keep fixing simultaneously.

Fig. 9 example the embodiment of transmission laser system 1 ', the wherein outstanding Z scan function that has shown various optical blocks.Especially, laser engine 100 produces laser beam, and a Z scanning device 250 receives this laser beam.The one Z scanning device 250 from laser engine 100 receive laser beams and along the optical axis of transmission laser system 1 ' in the Z focus of (interval) interscan transmission laser system 1 ' at interval.XY scanning device 300 receives the light beam by a Z scanning device 250 outputs, and XY scanning device 300 edges are the scanning direction laser beam of the optical axis of cross-section laser system basically.Then, the 2nd Z scanning device 450 receives the XY scanning laser beam of output, the 2nd Z scanning device 250 along the optical axis of laser system in the 2nd Z focus of interscan laser system at interval.

In certain embodiments, a Z scanning device 250 is configured to make a Z to be suitable for the operation on cornea process at interval, and the 2nd Z scanning device 450 is configured to make the 2nd Z to be suitable for anterior chamber of eye (anterior segment) operation process at interval.

In certain embodiments, Z interval is in the scope of 0.05-1mm, and the 2nd Z is at interval in the scope of 1-5mm.

In certain embodiments, Z interval is in the scope of 1-5mm, and the 2nd Z is at interval in the scope of 5-10mm.

In certain embodiments, a Z scanning device 250 is configured in first sweep time in the Z of 0.05mm-1mm interval interscan focus.The one Z can be in the following scope sweep time: 10-100 nanosecond, 100 nanosecond-1 millisecond, 1 millisecond-10 milliseconds and 10 milliseconds-100 milliseconds.

In certain embodiments, the 2nd Z scanning device 450 is configured in second sweep time in the 2nd Z of 1mm-5mm interval interscan focus.The 2nd Z can be in the following scope sweep time: 10-100 millisecond and 100 milliseconds-1 second.

In certain embodiments, a Z scanning device 250 be configured to make laser beam the change amount of numerical aperture more than 10%.

In certain embodiments, the 2nd Z scanning device 450 be configured to make laser beam the change amount of numerical aperture more than 10%.

In certain embodiments, a Z scanning device 250 be configured to make laser beam the change amount of numerical aperture more than 25%.

In certain embodiments, the 2nd Z scanning device 450 be configured to make laser beam the change amount of numerical aperture more than 25%.

Figure 10 shows the conclusive table of the multiple modification of said elements.As shown in; Some embodiments can have 0 Z depth scan device, 1 Z depth scan device before XY scanning device 300, a Z depth scan device and 2 the Z depth scan devices after XY scanning device 300; One before XY scanning device 300, another is after XY scanning device 300.

In addition; Some embodiments can have 0 NA controller, 1 NA controller before

XY scanning device

300,1 NA controller and 2 the NA controllers after XY scanning device 300; One before XY scanning device 300, another is after XY scanning device 300.

Here, Z scanning device and NA controller are often referred to simple lens or the battery of lens that can revise the Z degree of depth and numerical aperture NA respectively.In some cases, can activate or control these modifiers through single electric actuator, this single electric actuator makes the lens of modifier with NA or the Z degree of depth of moved further with the modification light beam.

The two all is received (house) in the Z scanning device 250 and the 2nd Z scanning device 450 of Fig. 9 Z scanning device and NA controller.In some cases, corresponding optical element is different, and in other embodiments, the Z scanning device and the NA controller that are contained in identical Z scanning device piece 250 or 450 can be shared one or more lens, removable lens or electric actuator.

Shown in figure 10,0 Z scanning device and one or two NA controller function be at fixed Z degree of depth place, but can control NA in XY scan period.

1 Z scanning device and 0 NA controller can carry out Z scanning.

1 Z scanning device and 1 or 2 NA controller can also carry out the control to NA except carrying out Z scanning.

2 Z scanning devices can carry out Z scanning and with 1 or 2 NA controllers combinations the time, can also control NA with two speed.

In some embodiments, can also use lensless optical element, for example, variable orifice and pupil.

In addition, the great majority combination in 16 combinations of institute's example can further be configured to the selected aberration of precompensation, for example, and spherical aberration.

Figure 10 example can control independently of one another or adjust by its aberration measure (for example, Strehl ratio S) expression various system performances, for example, the Z degree of depth of light beam, its numerical aperture NA and aberration thereof.Such embodiment provides very big control and precision for the operator of transmission laser system 1.

In similar embodiment, can carry out so dual light beam regulation (double beam conditioning) to other paired beam characteristicses.For example, for aberration controller and beam diameter controller, can create the similar right table of 4X4=16 that has.Here, in the institute with 0,1 or 2 beam diameter controller might make up, can match with 0,1 or 2 aberration controller.

The tabulation of beam characteristics comprises: the Z degree of depth of focal spot, numerical aperture NA, beam radius and such as Strehl ratio S, focal spot radius r _f, RMS wavefront error ω and spherical aberration measure α ₄₀Any aberration measure.

3.XY scanning device 300

XY scanning device 300 can receive the light beam through precompensation that passes through some intermediate optical elements directly or indirectly from precompensation device 200.The function of XY scanning device 300 is the light beam that the scanning direction along the optical axis of cross-section transmission laser system 1 basically receives from precompensation device 200.In various embodiments, " cross-section " direction may not can comprise any direction that becomes essence angle (substantial angle) with optical axis perpendicular to optical axis.

In certain embodiments, XY scanning device 300 output scanning laser beams (this scanning laser beam has been propagated through transmission laser system 1 and arrived operative region), and along the maximum of the XY sweep limits of transverse direction from the zero scan to 5-14mm.In some embodiments, the maximum of XY sweep limits 8 and 12mm between.

Figure 11 A example XY scanning device 300 can comprise X scanning device and Y scanning device.In some existing designs, X scanning device and Y scanning device comprise a reflecting mirror (mirror) separately: single X scanning reflection mirror 310 and single Y scanning reflection mirror 320.In such design, depended on the orientation of X scanning reflection mirror 310 by X scanning reflection mirror 310 beam reflected and be incident on the difference place of Y scanning reflection mirror 320.Especially, when X scanning reflection mirror 310 was in position 310a, incident beam 331 was reflected as light beam 332a, and when the Z scanning reflection mirror rotated to position 310b, incident beam was reflected as light beam 332b.

These two

light beam

332a and 332b incide the diverse location of Y scanning reflection mirror 320, therefore, even Y scanning reflection mirror 320 is fixed on 320a place, position, also can produce two different folded light beam 333aa and 333ba respectively.Worse; When Y scanning reflection mirror 320 self when 320a rotates to 320b from the position; Two

incident beam

332a and 332b produce two additional folded light beam 333ab and 333bb, and all four light beam 333aa, 333ab, 333ba and 333bb propagate along different directions.

Can characterize this problem about the notion of fulcrum (pivot point).A kind of definition of the fulcrum of scanning optical element can be such point, all passes through this point from all light basically of optical scanning element outgoing.When the mobile optical element that is applied to such as scanning device, this notion is similar to the focus of non-moving refracting element.

Use this term, the problems referred to above can be in Figure 11 A be traced back to is fixed in X scanning reflection mirror 310 from one's body X scanning device fulcrum 315X.For optical element subsequently, the scanning light beam of output will look like single fulcrum 315X outgoing from the X scanning reflection mirror 310 and the angle of propagating into wide region thus.This of double mirror design dispersed undesirable aberration that can cause number of different types.

Figure 11 B example existing three reflecting mirror XY scanning devices 300 ', wherein, X scanning device 310 comprises that two reflecting mirrors 311 and 312 are to address this problem.For clear, show each reflecting mirror from the side.In this design, X scanning reflection mirror 311 and 312 is carried out the X scan function with cooperation way.Shown in Figure 11 B, when an X scanning reflection mirror 311 with its orientation when 311a changes to 311b, the 2nd X scanning reflection mirror 312 can rotate to 312b from 312a with cooperation way.The scanning of these cooperations rotation can make the deflected beam 332a that is in two kinds of rotation status pass through fulcrum 315X with 332b, and this fulcrum 315X is from X scanning reflection mirror move (lift off).

Because X scanning device fulcrum 315X self is moved from the X scanning reflection mirror, therefore can adjust the position of fulcrum.In the design of Figure 11 B, the X scanning reflection mirror is designed to fulcrum 315X is placed on the Y scanning reflection mirror 320 basically.In such design, the problem of the X scanning device 310 among Figure 11 A is solved basically, and has greatly reduced corresponding aberration.

Yet, only with regard to Y scanning reflection mirror 320, even this design also has the problem that is similar to Figure 11 A.In the design of Figure 11 B, Y scanning device fulcrum 315Y still is fixed to the Y scanning reflection mirror.

The entrance pupil of optical system (entrance pupil) is the picture of aperture diaphragm (aperture stop) when from system's front observation.Emergent pupil is the picture of aperture diaphragm in the image space.In having the optical system of a plurality of battery of lens, the position of entrance pupil and emergent pupil is usually by careful adjustment.In many designs, the emergent pupil of a battery of lens and the entrance pupil of next battery of lens coupling.

For XY scanning device 310, fulcrum can be regarded as emergent pupil.In certain embodiments, this emergent pupil and entrance pupil coupling such as next battery of lens of Z scanning device 450.Yet the entrance pupil of this battery of lens maybe be in the physical boundary of the battery of lens that the scanning device piece can not be set.In this case, such scanning device piece hopes that the fulcrum of this scanning device piece is in outside optional position, the physical boundary of scanning device piece.

Figure 11 C example four mirror design in order to address this problem.At XY scanning device 300 " in, X scanning device 310 still comprises two X scanning reflection mirrors 311 and 312.Yet the Y scanning device comprises two Y scanning reflection mirrors 321 and 322 equally.

XY scanning device 300 " Y scanning device fulcrum 315Y is removed from the Y scanning reflection mirror.Correspondingly, XY scanning device 300 " may command Y scanning device, perhaps fulcrum 315Y is outputed to the precalculated position.An instance is for to move on to Y scanning-output fulcrum 315Y on the entrance pupil 340 of follow-up battery of lens.In some embodiments, X fulcrum 315X equally also can be moved to same position.

Other aspects of this design comprise: XY scanning device 300 " can control the angle α between the scanning light beam of optical axis and output of (i) transmission laser system 1 basically independently, and (ii) through inciding the position of the entrance pupil of subsequent optical element with the optical axis scanning light beam that characterizes apart from d apart.Since the approximate independence of these controls, XY scanning device 300 " scanning light beam with minimum aberration can be provided, and astigmatism and intelligent image in may command neighboring area (neighboring area that comprises operative region) are poor.

XY scanning device 300 " ' some embodiments only comprise an X scanning reflection mirror 310 and a Y scanning reflection mirror 320, each scanning reflection mirror all is " quick control (fast steering) " type.Each rapid control reflector can carry out angular movement around two rotating shafts.These rapid control reflectors to controlling beam angle and the light-beam position in the face of cross-section optical axis.

In some by way of example, XY scanning device 300 " ' be configured to be in maximum greater than 5 milliseconds and less than 15 milliseconds XY sweep limits interscan laser beam in the focal plane of laser system.

In some embodiments, the X fulcrum that is produced by the first and second XY rapid control reflectors overlaps with the Y fulcrum that is produced by the first and second XY rapid control reflectors.

4.Z scanning device 450

As stated, through having the design of permission in the interval interscan focus of the sweep spacing in the operation on cornea process, ophthalmic surgical system is configured to carry out anterior chamber of eye operation or operation on lens.In some embodiments, in the Z sweep limits of 15mm, in the Z scanning pattern, carry out Z scanning to 10mm or 0mm at 5mm.(in this application, term " in the scope interscan of x mm to y mm " is meant that its initial value is that x mm or bigger and end value are y mm or littler scanning pattern, comprises all scanning patterns that are no more than whole sweep limits.)

Here, the meaning of appointment in embodiment that should be understood that " X, Y, Z " is wide in range.Z typically representes optical axis, and it can be near geometrical axis.But can be to realize some functions in these functions such as the Z in the destination organization of eyes.Position actuator (position actuator) can make removable lens move, the distance between some lens of change precompensation device 200.

In the embodiment with removable lens, the removable lens of precompensation device 200 can make the focal plane of transmission laser system 1 or focal spot move 0.3-4.0mm along optical axis.In some other embodiments, can move 0.5-2.0mm.

In some embodiments; When removable lens mediate at above-mentioned five reference point P1; ... when at least one Strehl ratio S (low) at P5 place is lower than S=S (movable); Move removable lens, so that Strehl ratio S (low) is increased to the value that is higher than S=S (movable).S (movable) can be 0.6,0.7,0.8 or 0.9.

In some embodiments, can removable lens be moved to Strehl ratio S is changed in the scope of 0.6-0.9.In other embodiments, in the scope of 0.70-0.85, change.

Because precompensation device 200 is positioned at before XY scanning device 300 or other beam expanders, so beam radius is still little.Therefore, removable lens can be little.And because removable lens are little, position actuator can move these removable lens very apace, and this allows very rapidly to change depth of focus.This characteristic has been quickened depth scan or the Z scanning among these embodiment, and can make the Z scanning speed compare favourably with typically XY scanning speed faster.

In some typical existing systems, main through Optical devices aberration for compensation such as lens.The removable lens precompensation device of describing now 200 can utilize quick removable lens and implement this function well.Especially, when with XY scanning device 300 scanning laser beams, removable lens are moved with abundant high speed, make and scan the level that relevant aberration is compensated to hope with XY.

Fig. 7 A example when implementing horizontal operative incision 206 when the contact surface of following the tracks of plane or curved patient interface (patient interface) 208 basically this aspect useful.The speed of little removable lens makes that can scan required speed with XY carries out Z scanning, forms the curved otch of hoping.

In some embodiments, the curvature of curved otch or radius, or curved score can be less than 1mm, 10mm and 100mm.

Fig. 7 B example another useful aspect of high Z scanning speed.The focal plane of most of optical systems is slight curvatures.If hope to produce straight basically cross sections (therefore, this interface can not followed the tracks of the curvature of focal plane), need with fast laterally XY scan-synchronized ground, adjust again to the optical axis that can not exclusively be parallel to transmission laser system 1 continuously.Any compromise axle between the two is called the Z direction equally.Equally, X, the Y direction may not be perpendicular to the Z axle.They can represent to become with the Z axle any direction of essence angle.Equally, in some embodiments, the radial coordinate system can be more suitable in the scanning of describing transmission laser system 1.In these embodiments, XY scanning be meant by suitable radial coordinate any scanning of the parameterized Z of being not parallel to axle.

Fig. 1 example: some embodiments of transmission laser system 1 have been realized these challenging big Z sweep limitss through in Z scanning device 450, comprising the first beam expander piece 400 with removable beam expander piece 500.In various embodiments, the first beam expander piece 400 can be removable or fixed block.Distance between the first beam expander piece 400 and the removable beam expander piece 500 can be adjusted through for example position actuator.

As example in Fig. 2 A-B, when focus when its optimal location destination organization removes, aberration increases.These aberrations are typically called " geometrical aberration ", because it can understand and be derived from the limited range of lens through following the tracks of how much light.Can be through less these geometrical aberrations that limits of the numerical aperture that makes Z scanning device 450.Like this, geometrical aberration depend on Z depth of focus and numerical aperture NA the two.

In addition, NA reduces along with numerical aperture, the second source by the caused aberration of undulatory property of light occurs.These aberrations cause so-called " diffraction aberration ".Along with numerical aperture reduces, the aberration of this second type increases the focal spot radius.

Figure 12 A-B example as geometry and diffraction aberration in before eyes section of the function of the hole dimension of Z scanning device 450, it is by the focal spot radius r of one of measuring as above-mentioned aberration _fCharacterize.The diffraction aberration reduces because geometrical aberration increases with hole dimension, Zong aberration (being defined as the summation of these two aberrations) is at optimum aberration and corresponding optimum value aberration NA _OptThe place presents optimum minima.

Here, common definition is related to numerical aperture NA and hole dimension together: NA=n*SinArTan (hole dimension/(2* focal length)), wherein n is for form the refractive index of the material of picture therein.

These curved needles are to specific Z depth of focus, like the Z depth of focus of the 1mm among Figure 12 A and the Z depth of focus of the 8mm among Figure 12 B.Because geometrical aberration is different at different Z depth of focus places, the minima of total aberration curve and the best well size and the optimum value aperture NA of whole system thus _OptDepend on Z depth of focus: NA _Opt=NA _Opt(z).Especially, when the Z depth of focus when 1mm is increased to 8mm, in this particular instance, increase best well size and NA corresponding to the Z depth of focus _OptBe reduced to 25mm from 32mm.Therefore, hope both to be used for the transmission laser system that operation on cornea also is used for operation on lens and need cover wideer hole scope and corresponding NA scope.This need propose huge design challenge.

As will be described as further below, Figure 12 A-B example also: for the cornea Z depth of focus of typical 1mm, aberration appears wide and smooth optimal value, and for the Z depth of focus that typically is used for operation on lens, aberration then appears narrower and more sharp-pointed minima.

Can also measure S, ω or α through other three aberrations ₄₀Characterize aberration, they all can produce the curve that presents optimal value.During above-mentioned four aberrations are measured any can be corresponding to above-mentioned five reference point P (1) ... any among the P (5), perhaps can be for to the meansigma methods of partly or entirely getting in these reference points, perhaps can be corresponding to other reference points.

In some embodiments, in the wide region of Z depth of focus, can hole dimension be adjusted to optimum in fact numerical aperture NA with corresponding NA _Opt(z), thus make that measure measured total aberration by aberration minimizes.This function allows greatly to reduce total aberration.Here, as previously mentioned, at above-mentioned five reference point P1 ... any place among the P5 measures r through four aberrations _f, S, ω or α ₄₀In one tolerance aberration.Optimum aberration is measured r corresponding to aberration _f, ω or α ₄₀Minima or the maximum of Strehl ratio S.

In some other embodiment; Can not reach optimum aberration or design and consider to stipulate to use under the situation of the aberration that departs from optimal value; Not removable with second of Z scanning device 450 wherein and thereby the aberration tolerance that can not adjust the substantially the same laser system of numerical aperture compare, removable beam expander piece 500 still can make aberration amount degree r _f, ω or α ₄₀Value reduce, the percentage ratio that reduces is at least P (MovableExpander) percentage ratio, or the value of Strehl ratio S is increased, the percentage ratio of increase is at least P (MovableExpander) percentage ratio.In some embodiments, P (MovableExpander) can be 20%, 30%, 40% or 50%.Here, as previously mentioned, can be at five reference point P1 ... measure aberration and measure r at any place among the P5 _f, S, ω or α ₄₀

In some embodiments; Be lower than the substantially the same laser system that 0.8 wherein Z scanning device does not have adjustable numerical aperture with respect to Strehl ratio S, the laser system that comprises the Z scanning device 450 with adjustable numerical aperture NA can increase to Strehl ratio S and be higher than 0.8.

The additional design challenge not only will be through adjusting to transmission laser system its best well size and value corresponding aperture NA _Opt(z) the total aberration at fixed z depth of focus place is minimized, and when scanning Z depth of focus, also will make system remain the optimum value aperture NA that depends on Z at least near this _Opt(z).In typical embodiment, the optimum value aperture increases and reduces from depth of focus.

For solve when the Z sweep limits interscan Z depth of focus should the optimum aperture variation, the embodiment of transmission laser system 1 has with its Z depth of focus self and changes the ability that makes as numerical aperture NA (z) change of the individual parameter of Z scanning device 450 basically irrelevantly.

The embodiment of wherein controlling two amounts (here for Z depth of focus and numerical aperture NA) basically independently typically has control parameter right of this characteristic of realization (modality).Instance comprises the pairing of controllable distance and removable lens that can be through second optical controller adjustment position in any of these pieces between the first beam expander piece 400 and the removable beam expander piece 500.Another instance is included in two removable lens in the combination in any in two pieces of Z scanning device 450.Should remember that the first beam expander piece 400 can be implemented as fixed block or removable.

In some embodiments, numerical aperture NA can be adjusted to optimum value aperture value NA _Opt(z) sequence is created in the sequence of optimum total aberration value at the sequence place of Z depth of focus when scanning Z depth of focus.

As previously mentioned, can measure r through above-mentioned aberration _f, ω or α ₄₀In any maximum of minima or Strehl ratio S know optimum total aberration.The Z sweep limits can be for example 5-10mm or 0-15mm.Can be with radius r 1=0mm, or r2=3mm or in certain other radius r, or locate to scan the Z depth of focus at the radius variable r (z) that demarcates by for example r＜3mm.

Table 7 example instance, wherein, secondary series be described in the eyes mark tissue (the 3rd row show NA for 0.14mm, the scanning of the Z depth of focus in Z sweep limits 11.65mm) _Opt(z) respective value.The embodiment of Z scanning device 450 can be adjusted the Z depth of focus and numerical aperture NA is adjusted to its optimal value NA at these depth of focus places in this scope _Opt(z).

Table 7

In some other embodiment, can be at the Z sweep limits interscan Z depth of focus of 0mm to 10mm.In scanning process, numerical aperture can change in 0.4 to 0.1 scope, in some other embodiment, in 0.35 to 0.15 scope, changes.

Figure 12 C example the similar sequences of the aberration curve corresponding with the sequence of the Z depth of focus of 8mm, 4mm, 2mm and 0mm, presented corresponding optimum value aperture N _Opt(z) sequence.

Figure 12 D clearly example as the optimum value aperture N of the function of corresponding Z depth of focus _Opt(z).

As stated, the independent adjustable of Z depth of focus and numerical aperture NA typically needs two independent adjustable control parameters.Yet some embodiments can not provide the independent and independent adjustable of Z and NA.Alternatively, for each Z depth of focus, these embodiments are adjusted to its optimal value NA automatically with numerical aperture _Opt(z) or at least adjust to NA _Opt(z) near, carry out independent NA set-up procedure and need not the operator.For example, NA can follow the tracks of NA in P (track) percentage ratio _Opt(z), wherein P (track) can be 10%, 20% or 30%.

These embodiments can only have the adjustable controller of single integration.In the instance of just describing, the controller of this integration can be only Z depth of focus in user's display-object zone of the system of its control.Yet controller can comprise the coupling aperture adjustor, and this coupling aperture adjustor is adjusted numerical aperture NA simultaneously to follow the tracks of NA _Opt(z) need not to carry out the separate regulating step by the user of transmission laser system 1.

In some embodiments, the distance of adjusting between first beam expander 400 and the removable beam expander 500 can realize this function fully.In other embodiments, single removable lens can provide this characteristic.In other other embodiments, can adopt the combination of two adjustors.

These embodiments are that the operator of transmission laser system 1 provides the control function of simplifying.Owing to realize that the control function of so single integration is a design challenge, so some embodiment and the control function of carrying out these integration such as other pieces of precompensation device 200, XY scanning device 300 and object lens 700 in combination.

Consider from various designs therein and can not realize or not realize in some embodiment of optimum total aberration value; Numerical aperture NA can be adjusted to the sequence along the numeric aperture values at the sequence place of the Z depth of focus of Z scanning pattern in the Z sweep limits, reduces so that the laser system that makes total aberration and its Z scanning device 450 not have adjustable numerical aperture NA is compared with P (scan) percentage ratio at least.In some embodiments, P (scan) can be 20%, 30%, 40% or 50%.

As stated, can measure r through the aberration of introducing before _f, ω or α ₄₀In any one characterize total aberration.Ground of equal value can increase through the correspondence of Strehl ratio S and characterizes reducing of aberration.The Z scanning pattern can be with the optical axis of laser system or Z axle at a distance of radius R and be parallel to the path of Z axle.In some embodiments, the Z scanning pattern can and optics Z axle at a distance of radius r 1=0mm between the r2=3mm.

Can measure total aberration through different ways.Total aberration can refer to that total aberration of in the Z scanning pattern, asking average perhaps refers to along the maximum or the minima of total aberration of scanning pattern.The reducing of total aberration can refer to any in these probabilities.

In some embodiments, can first value of numerical aperture NA when carrying out the operation on cornea process be adjusted to second value when carrying out the anterior chamber of eye operation process.In some embodiments, first value is in the scope of 0.2-0.5, and second value is in the scope of 0.1-0.3.In some other embodiments, first value can be in the scope of 0.25-0.35, and second value can be in the scope of 0.15-0.25.

This embodiment of Z scanning device 450 is different with existing cornea transmission laser system with multiple other modes, and these other modes comprise:

1. in the cornea transmission laser system, typically require the Z scan period constant simplification to guarantee design of numerical aperture at depth of focus.This design is gratifying for operation on cornea, and this is because typically by the serious limiting factor of the Z of the 1mm precision that to scan inductive total aberration be not the cornea transmission laser system.By contrast, the embodiment of transmission laser system 1 has variable numerical aperture NA in the operation Z scope that remains on the broadness of 5-10mm for example its best well is adjusted in the hole.Certainly, can realize this point through this characteristic that is independent of Z depth of focus ground adjustment numerical aperture NA basically.

And, typically existing cornea system makes the part of its Z scanning device in object lens 700 or as the complicacy of object lens 700, implementing, and the Z scanning device 450 of this paper is set at before the object lens 700.Among this paper, object lens 700 expression transmission laser systems 1 be set at the isolating functional machinery shell of the functional machinery shell of XY scanning device and Z scanning device in last battery of lens.Term functional machinery shell is not meant total shell (its design can be considered decision by ergonomics and outward appearance) of transmission system, and is meant lens are remained to together to carry out the shell of its actual optical function.The object lens 700 of this embodiment typically are located at by 450 outputs of Z scanning device and by in the optical path after the XYZ scanning light beam of mirror 600 reflections.

Figure 12 A-B example the another design challenge of operation on lens optical system.Obviously; Cornea Z depth of focus for typical 1mm; Total aberration appears wide and smooth optimal region, and (i) can make the systematic parameter optimization for other considerations thus, (ii) can use wide Z sweep limits; And (iii) need be to more coarse adjustment of systematic parameter, all these is deterioration focal spot size greatly not.By contrast, for the operation on lens system, when (i) makes the systematic parameter optimization for other considerations, (ii) implement the Z sweep limits of broad and during, the rapid deterioration of focal spot size (iii) than inaccuracy ground adjustment system parameter.

In aspect the embodiment of Z scanning device 450 another, comprise imaging subsystems or visual observation with the transmission laser system of Optical devices subsystem through mirror 600 make with these subsystems in any related light beam coupling in transmission laser system 1.Mirror 600 can be for example dichroic mirror.In typical surgery systems, object lens 700 are meant and in optical path, are positioned at mirror 600 battery of lens afterwards.

Be implemented in before the mirror 600 and with object lens 700 isolating Z scanning devices 450 be that important design is considered, this is because the weight of object lens 700 is key factors equally, because object lens 700 directly contact with destination organization such as patient's eyes basically.Therefore, make weight or the quality of object lens 700 minimize the enforcement that can make transmission laser system 1 and eye is applied the pressure that reduces.And because this pressure can make a self-deformation also reduce the degree of accuracy of operation process thus, therefore minimizing has significantly increased the degree of accuracy of ophthalmologic operation to the design of the pressure of eyes.

Table 8-9 example be used for the scope of some relevant parameters of the various embodiment of the first beam expander piece 400 and removable expansion bundle piece 500.Each beam expander piece can have 2-10 lens, in certain embodiments, can have 3-5 lens, and these lens are configured to carry out above-mentioned functions.

Table 8 example use five lens embodiment of the first beam expander piece 400 of industrial standard stipulations, show the group of thick lens about each surface.The first beam expander piece 400 can comprise the lens 411,412,413,414 and 415 with the parameter that is in following scope (by the bracket indication):

Table 8

In certain embodiments, the first beam expander piece 400 comprises from the input side towards XY scanning device 300 successively: have positive refractive power first battery of lens, have meniscus (meniscus lens) and have towards second lens on the recessed surface of input side towards the convex surfaces of input side.

Other embodiments relate to the embodiment of the table 8 of passing ratio factor-alpha convergent-divergent, have the lens of five convergent-divergents, make the curvature of secondary series multiply by α, make tertial distance multiply by 1/a, and have unaltered refractive index n.Scale factor can be got the value between 0.3 and 3.

Table 9 example four lens embodiment of mobile beam expander piece 500, comprise lens 511,512,513 and 514 with the parameter that is in following scope:

Table 9

Some embodiments of removable beam expander piece 500 comprise from the input side towards the first beam expander piece 400 successively: have the meniscus towards the recessed surface of input side, the positive lens groups that has the minus lens of negative refractive power and have positive refractive power.

Other embodiments relate to the embodiment of the table 9 of passing ratio factor-alpha convergent-divergent, have the lens of four convergent-divergents, make the curvature of secondary series multiply by α, make tertial distance multiply by 1/ α, and have unaltered refractive index n.Scale factor can be got the value between 0.3 and 3.

Figure 13 A-B example wherein have the embodiment of the table 8-9 under two kinds of configurations of different distance between the first beam expander piece 400 and the mobile beam expander piece 500.In some embodiments, moving beam expander piece 500 can move with the distance in the scope of d=5-50mm with respect to the first beam expander piece 400.

These accompanying drawing examples consider in the design of the Z scanning device 450 in when work.

Figure 13 example the situation when removable beam expander piece 500 is in relatively the position away from the first beam expander piece 400.In this case; From the assembly light beam of drawing of combination have light that (i) assemble, (ii) in the big relatively diameter of emergent pupil ExP, near the (iii) more shallow Z degree of depth of focal spot when fix-focus lens is set at the emergent pupil of Z scanning device 450, and thus (iv) through having the light beam formation focal spot of bigger numerical aperture NA.

Figure 13 B example when removable beam expander piece 500 than the situation of Figure 13 A the situation during more near first beam expander 400.At this moment; Light beam has light that (i) disperse, (ii) in the less diameter at emergent pupil ExP place, the (iii) darker Z degree of depth of focal spot when fix-focus lens is set at the emergent pupil place of Z scanning device 450, and (iv) form focal spot thus through the light beam that has than small value aperture NA.

In a word, at more shallow Z depth of focus place, produce focal spot, and for the Z depth of focus that increases, numerical aperture NA reduces through big NA light beam.The position of the position of the emergent pupil ExP through optimization

beam expander piece

400 and 500 and the entrance pupil of assembling object lens 700 can make the relative change optimization of numerical aperture NA.Even these embodiments are to be used under the situation of the function of not using precompensation device 200 optimization in the alternate ways of the numerical aperture at different depths of focus place.

As stated, can adjust numerical aperture NA widely having or do not have under the situation of precompensation device 200.In whole transmission laser system 1, can perhaps, adjust numerical aperture NA through control precompensation device 200, the first beam expander piece 400 or removable beam expander piece 500 through controlling these pieces in combination.In practice, the actual selection of embodiment depends on the system-level requirement of other upper, for example, and sweep limits, scanning speed and complexity.Embodiment with other numerical rangies can also be configured to implement the part or all of function in the above-mentioned functions.

Figure 14 example the another aspect of Z scanning device 450.Show three different character light beams of drawing fulcrum (exit pivot point) PP (XY) outgoing from XY scanning device 300.Significantly, Z scanning device 450 focuses on all three characteristic light beams among introducing fulcrum (the entrance pivot point) PP (O) of object lens 700.For example, can be through the position of removable beam expander 500 adjustment PP (O).

Be described below, produce the reflecting mirror leave XY scanning device 300 fulcrum PP (O) transmission laser system for example therein PP (O) fulcrum fall into object lens 700 inner embodiment and have useful characteristic.

In other embodiments, XY scanning device 300 has than drawing fulcrum PP (XY) to the distance of Z scanning device 450.In these embodiment, Z scanning device 450 is only with the introducing fulcrum PP (O) that fulcrum PP (XY) is modified as object lens 700 that draws of XY scanning device 300.

In either case, these embodiments utilize the existence of the intermediate focal plane 451 between the first beam expander piece 400 and removable beam expander piece 500.Indicate the existence of this intermediate focal plane 451 by the focus of three transversely arranged characteristic light beams with substantially the same Z coordinate.On the contrary, do not have the embodiment of such intermediate focal plane and insufficiently be fit to have adjustable fulcrum PP (O).

5. object lens 700

In some embodiments, the laser beam by 450 outputs of Z scanning device is deflected on the object lens 700 by beam splitter/dichroic mirror 600.Through this mirror 600, can also various fill-in lights be coupled in the transmission laser system 1.Secondary light source can comprise and optical-coherence tomography (OCT) system, illuminator and the relevant light of visual observation piece.

Object lens 700 can provide shared optical path with the fill-in light that gets into the surgical target zone for the XYZ scanning laser beam of propagating from laser engine 100 through XY scanning device 300 and Z scanning device 450.In various embodiments, object lens 700 can comprise the objective lens group.In some embodiments, the lens in the objective lens group can not relative to each other move.Therefore, though object lens 700 are the building block (integral part) of the integral body of Z scan function, 700 pairs of Z scannings variable or dynamical fashion of object lens are not contributed.In these embodiments, do not adjust the Z depth of focus that lens position in the object lens 700 moves focal spot.

The embodiment of object lens 700 can be controlled the spherical aberration, coma of operation pulse laser beam and at least a in the senior aberration more.

Because the light of object lens 700 guiding different wave lengths, the embodiment of object lens 700 uses the achromat group.Auxiliary light wavelength can be for example in 0.4 micron to 0.9 micron scope, and the operation light wavelength can be in the 1.0-1.1 micrometer range.In the whole wave-length coverage of employed light, for example, in the above-mentioned instance 0.4 micron to 1.1 microns, the embodiment of object lens 700 remain aberration to be lower than predetermined value.

The weight of object lens 700 and quality are important consideration.In some embodiments, object lens and patient's eyes Mechanical Contact.Therefore, object lens are exerted pressure to eyes.This pressure can make the eyes distortion and depart from it and loosen configuration, makes to be difficult to select target more and accurately to guide the surgical laser bundle.

In addition, if the patient moves during operation process, then preferred object lens can move by the resistance with minimum in response to patient movement.Though the weight that spring system capable of using or the power of contending with (counterbalance) are come the static equilibrium object lens, these measures can not reduce dynamically or inertia force.In fact, the measure meeting increases these power like this.All these considerations show that the weight or the quality that reduce object lens 700 are useful.

The multiple mode that has the identification critical force and the object lens quality of correspondence for the ocular operation process.For example, at Duma SM, Ng TP, Kennedy EA, Stitzel JD, Herring IP, the Determination of Significant Parameters for Eye Injury Risk from Projectiles of Kuhn F., J Trauma.2005Oct; 59 (4): delivered various ballistic summary among the 960-4 to eye.This paper has been summarized the critical energy value that impacts the object of eyes and impacted object is provided; This energy value is corresponding to (i) the dissimilar injury to eyes, comprises minor injury such as corneal abrasion, such as the Moderate lesion of phacometachoresis and such as the major injury of retina injury.This paper has also distributed the probability of injury, (ii) from the low probability of the probability of represent a few percent, to the middle probability of the probability of representative about 50%, is close to representative and injures apodictic high probability.The classification that this paper (iii) also carries out based on the shape of impacted object, according to total impact energy and through the impact normalized impact energy of area impact situation (scenarios) is carried out classification.

The highlyest injury maybe be impacted by what the complete avalanche of the mechanical support system of object lens 700 caused by inquiry, the particular case of ocular operation can be these results be applied to.Such avalanche can cause the freely falling body of whole object lens 700 in the vertical-path of typical 20-25mm, and all object lens energy are all transferred to eye self.Can calculate critical mass according to known physical principle to the critical energy value of the freely falling body modeling of object lens from what delivered.

The vertical-path of this length can be from following design principle.Object lens 700 can be installed on the vertical sliding stand provides the safety of transmission laser system 1 also to go into position (docking) reliably with the door frame (gantry) that passes through to eyes.Such design has been loosened the degree of accuracy of door frame and power requirement, this be because vertical door frame take in will be in vertical range localized object lens 700.In addition, in case eyes are gone into the position, these designs allow eye vertically to move with respect to lasing light emitter 100, and can not destroy eyes attached to transmission laser system 1.These move and can move or moving of operation table taken place because of the patient.20 to 25mm vertical range of object lens 700 effectively and alleviated door frame power safely and move with patient in this scope.

Finally; (iv) design at the optical element of object lens 700 (is for example considered also; Only glass lens in the objective lens group) (" optics ") quality limits on the meaning of lower bound of quality of whole object lens influences critical mass; This is because exist multiple mode to reduce the shell of object lens and the quality of control system, but it is much more difficult to reduce the quality of lens.In native system, the gross mass of object lens can be the twice to three of " optics " quality of lens only times.

Part of standards in these standards produces the more strict definition to critical mass, and other standards only are level and smooth cross correlations (smooth crossover dependence) and himself be not useful to strict difinition.

Institute through above-mentioned (i)-(iv) classification might make up, can confirm following four to the strict relatively of critical mass MC and definition with meaning:

(1) MC1～400 grams: even under the worst case of avalanche situation, the object lens with quality of M＜MC1 do not have risk of injury basically to the patient yet;

(2) MC2～750 gram: the quality in the scope of MC1＜M＜MC2 can have the probability that total impact energy causes the part corneal abrasion of passing through greater than 10%;

(3) MC3～1300-1400 gram: the quality in the scope of MC2＜M＜MC3 can have 50% the probability that causes corneal abrasion in any impact situation; And it is last

(4) MC4～3300 gram: impact to cause in situation being close to inevitable corneal abrasion in the quality of MC3＜M＜MC4 scope at some, and can develop the non-zero probability of medium serious or worse injury.

Certainly, the small probability of the complete avalanche of the mechanical support system of all these probability object lens that will take place with reality multiplies each other.Yet, in ophthalmic applications, need take extreme measures to protect all thinkable injury situations, yet, but may not make above-mentioned critical mass relevant.

Therefore, about the gross mass and the optical quality of object lens 700, above-mentioned consideration is confirmed four critical masses according to clear and definite standard.Correspondingly, wherein design process is managed the object lens quality is reduced to and is lower than above-mentioned critical mass MC4 ..., the embodiment of the object lens 700 of any among the MC1 provides preferable quantitative probability for the operation process of safety.

The existing object lens that are used for the femtosecond ophthalmology laser have the quality greater than 5000 grams, significantly greater than the maximum in these four critical masses.The U.S. Patent application 20030053219 that exception is Manzi, it has described such lens combination, and wherein, only the optical quality of lens is about 1000 grams, possibly cause the gross mass of 2000-3000 gram.Though the design of Manzi is lighter than other existing object lens, it is sizable that quality remains.This mainly is the building block of the integral body of object lens owing to the Z scanning device, because the inner lens element of object lens is used to the Z focal point control.Manzi needs additional quality with the accurate linear guiding (linear guide) of the shell that is used for accurately processing, lens and be used for servo motor, and all these get back to the value greater than 5000 grams with the gross mass increase.

By contrast, the quality of the various embodiment of object lens 700 can fall into any of above-mentioned four mass ranges: 0-400 gram, 400-750 gram, 750-1350 gram and 1350-3300 gram.This quality can be optical quality or gross mass.For example, the lens in the embodiment of object lens 700 can have the quality less than 130 grams.For total assembling quality of 400 grams, it is feasible that these lens are installed in the accurate metal shell.

The embodiment of object lens 700 is through moving on to the Z scan function independent Z scanning device 450; In independent function or mechanical cover, take in this Z scanning device 450, and can realize that the so significant quality that is lower than 400 grams, 750 grams, 1350 grams and 3300 grams reduces.Here, term " function or mechanical cover " is meant: total non-functional design consideration can cause independent Z scanning device 450 is set in the conventional vessel identical with object lens 700, but such conventional vessel and be not used in optical function or mechanical purpose.

In certain embodiments, and carry out at least the similar object lens of partial dynamic Z scan function through the optical characteristics of adjustment object lens 700 and compare, the quality of object lens 700 is reduced with P (mass) percentage ratio.Such characteristic can be for being incorporated into whole Z scanning device 450 in the object lens 700, or removable beam expander piece 500 is incorporated in the object lens 700, or one or more removable scanning lenses are incorporated in the object lens 700.P (mass) can be 10%, 50% or 100%.

Described another related fields of the correspondence design of object lens 700 and surgical laser system 1 about Figure 14, wherein show: the embodiment of Z scanning device 450 can focus on the XYZ laser beam scanned introducing fulcrum PP (O) of object lens.Have the embodiment that is positioned at the inner introducing fulcrum PP (O) of object lens 700 and have the beam radius rb that reduces greatly on the major part at optical path when this inside fulcrum PP (O) assembles at light beam.And then, can have the light beam of the beam radius rb that reduces through the control of less lens, cause significantly the reducing of gross mass of object lens 700.

In table 10, sum up and in Figure 15 example according to the embodiment of the object lens 700 of above-mentioned design opinion.The embodiment of object lens 700 comprises that first battery of lens that is used for from Z scanning device 450 reception operation pulse laser beams also focuses on second battery of lens on the target area with this surgical laser bundle with being used for from first battery of lens reception operation pulse laser beam.

Table 10 through the surface 1 to 16 in more detail example the object lens 700 of Figure 15.Object lens 700 have nine lens L1-L9 and pass through surface 17 and patient interface 800 interfaces.As stated, the scope that corresponding parameter can be got represented in bracket.(

surface

1 and 2 limits the doublet of lens L1/L2, and therefore the doublet of surface 8 and 9 qualification lens L5/L6, is 16 surfaces rather than 18.)

Table 10

In other embodiments, can use comparable ground better to satisfy the lens of the different numbers with different parameters scope of above-mentioned design consideration.

In some embodiments, can object lens 700 be described about battery of lens.For example, object lens 700 can comprise and are used for second battery of lens that receives first battery of lens of XYZ scanning laser beams and be used for receiving from first battery of lens laser beam from Z scanning device 450.Second battery of lens can comprise first lens, these first lens have refractive index in 1.54 to 1.72 scope, have the introducing surface (entry surface) of the curvature in 37.9 to 651/m the scope and have-15.4 in the scope of 5.21/m curvature draw surface (exit surface).In addition; Second battery of lens can also comprise second lens; These second lens and first lens are at a distance of 0 distance in the scope of 6.5mm, have refractive index in 1.56 to 1.85 scope, have the surface of drawing that the introducing of the curvature in-55.1 to-21.81/m the scope is surperficial and have curvature in 11.4 to 26.81/m the scope.Object lens 700 can output to laser beam on the patient interface 800 through second lens.

In some embodiments, the effective focal length of object lens 700 is less than 70mm.

In some embodiments, from object lens 700 to patient interface 800 distance less than 20mm.

In some designs, the curvature of the focal plane of transmission laser system 1 is greater than 201/m.

Optical design software bag that can also be through using commerce to get (for example, from the Zemax of Zemax Development Corporation or from the Code V of Optical Research Associates) and produce the object lens 700 of following the design principle of expressing through the application and multiple other embodiments of whole surgery laser system 1.

6. whole system optical property

In various embodiments; Can be with the parameter of complementary mode optimization subsystem precompensation device 200, XY scanning device 300, Z scanning device 450 and object lens 700, make the optical property of whole transmission laser system 1 to appear to be used for uniquely the characteristic that ophthalmologic operation is for example used.

Table 11A-B has summed up the optical property of the whole transmission laser system 1 in first and second embodiments about numerical aperture NA and Strehl ratio S.Still with above-mentioned reference point P1 ... the similar reference point place of P5 characterizes optical property.Table 11A-B shows the optical property that its parts are in the transmission laser system 1 of configuration A, B, C and D, and this transmission laser system 1 is delivered to the center (A) of cornea, the periphery (B) of cornea, lenticular center (C) and lenticular periphery (D) respectively with laser beam.These reference point representatives big operation volume relevant with the challenge of crystalline lens being carried out ophthalmologic operation.

Table 11A-B shows the radial coordinate of the reference point with particular value.Yet, in other embodiments, NA and S these specific radial coordinates " near " identical respective range in value.In some cases, term " near " be meant the scope of the radial coordinate in the P of the radial coordinate value that illustrates (radial) percentage ratio, wherein P (radial) can be in 10%, 20% and 30%.For example, have at the point of the z radial coordinate of 7.2mm in the scope of 8.8mm in that " crystalline lens is near the P (radial)=10% of the z=8.0mm radial coordinate of " center " reference point.

In addition, in some embodiments, NA and S fall into only in of its three respective range of listing for B, C and D configuration.In some other embodiments, NA and S fall in two of its three respective range of listing for B, C and D configuration of table 11A-B.

Obviously, in whole operation on lens volume, described transmission laser system is corrected to the optical property of diffraction limited basically well.

Configuration	Tissue, the position	Depth z [mm]	Radius r [mm]	Numerical aperture NA	Strehl ratio S
						A	Cornea, the center	0.3	0	(0.25，0.40)	(0.90，1.0)
B	Cornea, periphery	0.3	6.2	(0.25，0.40)	(0.90，1.0)
						C	Crystalline lens, the center	8	0	(0.15，0.35)	(0.90，1.0)
D	Crystalline lens, periphery	7.3	4	(0.15，0.35)	(0.80，1.0)

Table 11A

Configuration	Tissue, the position	Depth z [mm]	Radius r [mm]	Numerical aperture NA	Strehl ratio S
						A	Cornea, the center	0.3	0	(0.30，0.35)	(0.95，1.0)
B	Cornea, periphery	0.3	6.2	(0.30，0.35)	(0.90，0.95)
						C	Crystalline lens, the center	8	0	(0.20，0.25)	(0.95，1.0)
D	Crystalline lens, periphery	7.3	4	(0.20，0.25)	(0.85，0.90)

Table 11B

Can be with having the design that the similar Design that is higher than 0.8 Strehl ratio S is listed above being regarded as being equivalent to, this is because all these designs are regarded as the system of diffraction limited.

Except Strehl ratio S, can also use such as the focal spot radius r _fOther aberrations measure the whole optical property that characterizes transmission laser system 1.Because the big Strehl rate conversion (translate) that makes up with large-numerical aperture NA is little focal spot radius r _f, for configuration A-D, in eyes mark zone, the focal spot radius r _fCan remain in some embodiments less than 2 microns, remain in other embodiment, in other other embodiments, remain less than 10 microns less than 4 microns.

For the performance that characterizes transmission laser system more accurately and cornea is described and crystalline lens to the materially affect of beam propagation, comprise that through design eye has obtained (derive) NA and the S value of table 11A-B as the system of the building block of the integral body of optical design.In some designs, come the eye modeling with its natural form.In other designs, comprise the flat degree of eye, believable to represent (authentic) surgical condition.

Table 12 has been summed up the naive model of the relevant ocular tissue shown in the model human eye 850 among Figure 15.(numbering on surface is selected as the numbering of continuation table 10,18 beginnings from the surface, and this surface is connected to cornea tissue with patient interface 800.) come modeling through cornea (getting into from patient interface), aqueous humor (aqueous humor) (getting into from cornea) and the crystalline lens (getting into from aqueous humor) of 0.6mm thickness to ocular tissue via surface 20 via surface 19 via sharing surface 18.Handle separating of eye surface with separating similarly of lens surface 1-16.

Table 12

Use NA and the S value of this Model Calculation table 11A-B of ocular tissue.The correlation model of eye causes comparable aberration to be measured.

In aspect independent other, in some embodiments, can simplify the optical design of whole transmission laser system 1 through making some distortion and curvature of field maintenance without the Optical devices correction.

Figure 16 example, in some system, this design principle makes the good property reduction of the positional precision of surgery systems.Square dot is represented with 5mm step-length to move the position of when scanning Z depth of focus focal spot with 1 degree step-length (step) scanning and Z scanning device 450 through making removable beam expander 500 when the reflecting mirror of XY scanning device 300.Obviously, " focal plane " that be defined in the XY scanning position that keeps the permanent periodic focal spot of Z depth of focus is crooked.In transverse circumference, depth of cut is more shallow, and this known properties with the lens with uncorrected curvature of field is consistent.

Equally, if the reflecting mirror of XY scanning device 300 keeps fixing and Z scanning device 450 scanning Z depths of focus, then the lateral attitude of focal spot changes.Further make complex designization, radially laterally XY position and Z depth of focus all do not demonstrate the linear dependence to respective scanned device position.In the XY plane, these distortion are called barrel distortion or pincushion distortion.(in many embodiments, three-dimensional, that is, (transfer) azimuth to the focal position is changed at the azimuth of XY scanning device 300 unchangeably, therefore will be omitted (suppress).)

Figure 17 example some embodiments of transmission laser system 1 how the new computational solution to above-mentioned challenge (computational solution) is provided.(ζ, χ φ) provide scanner coordinate, and wherein ξ is the position of Z scanning device 450, and χ is the inclination angle of XY scanning device 300 about optical axis, and φ is the azimuth with spherical coordinates.(z, r φ) provide focal spot position, and z is the Z depth of focus, and r is and the radial distance of optical axis that φ is the azimuth through the cylinder focal coordinates.

The azimuth of focal position is substantially the same with the azimuth of scanning device, and is therefore not shown.Remaining XY and Z scanner coordinate (ζ, χ) in its respective scanned scope by discretization, define scanning grid and corresponding scan matrix C _Ij, this scan matrix C _IjBe defined as C _Ij=(ζ _i, χ _j).If the actual scanning device coordinate value of being taken as (ζ _I0, χ _J0), scan matrix C then _Ij(i0 is 1 to locating j0), and (i is j) to being zero to every other in that this is specific.

Similarly, can be through two-dimentional focus matrix S _KlCharacterize focal spot position, wherein S _KlRelate to discrete radially with Z degree of depth focal coordinates (z _k, r _l).About the scanning device Matrix C _IjWith the focus matrix S _Kl, available four-dimensional transfer matrix (transfer matrix) T _IjklCharacterize the optical property of transmission laser system 1, wherein four-dimensional transfer matrix T _IjklExpress scanner coordinate (ζ _i, χ _j) how to be transformed into focal coordinates (z _k, r _l): generally, S=TC, or in detail:

S_{kl} = \underset{ij}{Σ} T_{klij} C_{ij} - - - (5)

Though transfer matrix T _IjklExpression scanning device Matrix C _IjWith the focus matrix S _KlBetween linear correlation, but in some other embodiments, in the scanning device Matrix C _IjWith the focus matrix S _KlBetween can have non-linear relation.In these embodiments, formula (5) is substituted by non-linear correlation.

Transmission laser system 1 can be designed to make through ray trace, physical alignment or the combination of the two of calculating first optimization of transfer matrix T.The embodiment of physical alignment method has been described in can being used to the U.S. Patent application US20090131921 of such purpose.

Typically, transfer matrix T is reversible and can be used to produce the counter transference matrix T ^-1, this counter transference matrix is with the focus matrix S _KlUnit be associated with the scanning device Matrix C _Ij

Perhaps, in certain embodiments, can be through focus matrix S to hope in the target area _KlThe beginning calculation Design is handled and directly definite counter transference matrix T ^-1, and use ray trace for example to come the corresponding scanning device Matrix C of reconstruct _Ij

Figure 17-18 example such relation.Figure 17-the 18th, nomographic chart, example XY scanning device 300 or Z scanning device 450 can be adjusted to which (ζ _i, χ _j) scanner coordinate to be to focus of the light beam into (the z that on z and r axle, illustrates _k, r _l) focal coordinates.

Figure 17 shows and (z, r) the χ inclination angle of the XY scanning device 300 of focal coordinates correspondence.As an example, for the Z degree of depth that realizes z=6mm and the radial position of r=4mm, dotted line shows the XY scanning device inclination angle that can use χ=6.4 degree.

Figure 18 shows: identical in order to realize (z, r)=(4,6) focal coordinates can be used the Z scanner location of ζ=15.5mm.Through calculating, nomographic chart can be stored in the computer storage as look-up table.The value of searching between the coordinate being stored can be confirmed rapidly by two-dimensional linear or quadratic interpolattion.

Know transfer matrix T and inverse matrix T thereof ^-1Allow the embodiment of transmission laser system 1 to substitute the aberration that optical means is proofreaied and correct Figure 16 through using computational methods.These embodiment can comprise computing controller, and this computing controller can be controlled at least one optical distortion with control transmission laser system 1 in XY scanning device 300 and the Z scanning device 450.

Figure 19 example: for example; If in the target area, hope along scan pattern (pattern) scanning with the optical distortion that reduces; For example, along the flat focal plane scanning at predetermined Z depth of focus z place, computing controller can be carried out the step of following calculation control method 900:

(910): the scan pattern corresponding focus matrix S in reception and the target area with the optical distortion that reduces _KlUnit and input (z _k, r _l) in the focal coordinates at least one;

(920): use predetermined counter transference matrix (T ^-1) _IjklCalculate or call and the focus matrix S from memory storing _KlUnit or input (z _k, r _l) the corresponding scanning device Matrix C of focal coordinates _IjUnit and coordinate (ζ _i, χ _j) in the scanner coordinate at least one; And

(930): according to (the ζ that calculates _i, χ _j) in scanner coordinate control Z scanning device 450 and the XY scanning device 300 at least one be with according to the focus matrix S _KlUnit or input (z _k, r _l) focal coordinates scan focal spot.

With respect to the same or analogous laser system that does not have such controller, the transmission laser system with such computing controller can reduce optical distortion.Reducing degree can be up to 10% in some are implemented, in other embodiments can be up to 30%.

The optical distortion that reduces can be in aberration, the curvature of field, barrel distortion, pincushion distortion, crooked focal plane and the curved scan line (hope is parallel to the Z axle) any.

In some embodiments; Other pieces of computing controller and transmission laser system are cooperated and are carried out these functions, and said other pieces comprise any one precompensation device 200, XY scanning device 300, Z scanning device 450 and object lens 700 that utilize possibly in its above-mentioned characteristic.

Depend on calculation control to reduce the principle of optical aberration, the number of possible similar embodiment is great.For example, in certain embodiments, computing controller can be at the focal plane of the curvature with subcritical curvature value interscan focal spot.In some other embodiments, can utilize suitable operation to scan surface with reservation shape to computing controller.

Though this document comprises many details, these details should not be interpreted as the restriction to the present invention or scope required for protection, but should be interpreted as the description of the characteristic that specific embodiment of the present invention is specialized.The special characteristic of in the context of the embodiment that separates of presents, describing can also make up and be implemented as single embodiment.On the contrary, the various characteristics of in the context of single embodiment, describing can be implemented in a plurality of embodiment or in any suitable son combination, implemented equally dividually.In addition; Though in the above characteristic be described as be in work in the particular combination and even required protection by initial; But the one or more characteristics from combination required for protection can be removed from combination in some cases, and combination required for protection can relate to the distortion of son combination or son combination.

The numerous embodiments of imaging guiding laser surgery technology, device and system is disclosed.Yet, can be out of shape and strengthen described embodiment and other embodiments based on described content.

Claims

1. laser system that is used for ophthalmologic operation comprises:

Laser engine is used to produce pulse laser beam; And

The XY scanning device is used to receive the pulse laser beam and the output scanning laser beam that are produced,

Said XY scanning device comprises:

The X scanning device, it comprises two X scanning reflection mirrors; And

The Y scanning device, it comprises two Y scanning reflection mirrors.

2. according to the laser system of claim 1, wherein:

Said X scanning device is configured to make the fulcrum of said X scanning device to leave the reflecting mirror of said X scanning device.

3. according to the laser system of claim 2, wherein:

The fulcrum of said X scanning device is basically on the reflecting mirror of said Y scanning device.

4. according to the laser system of claim 1, wherein:

Said Y scanning device is configured to make the fulcrum of said Y scanning device to leave the reflecting mirror of said Y scanning device.

5. according to the laser system of claim 1, wherein:

Said X scanning device and said Y scanning device are configured to make the fulcrum of said X scanning device to leave the reflecting mirror of said X scanning device and make the fulcrum of said Y scanning device leave the reflecting mirror of said Y scanning device, and the fulcrum of said X scanning device is overlapped with the fulcrum of said Y scanning device basically.

6. according to the laser system of claim 1, wherein:

Said X scanning device and said Y scanning device are configured to make the fulcrum of said X scanning device to overlap with the fulcrum of said Y scanning device.

7. according to the laser system of claim 1, wherein:

The fulcrum of said Y scanning device is basically on the entering surface of subsequent optical element.

8. according to the laser system of claim 1, wherein:

The fulcrum of said Y scanning device is basically on the entrance pupil of subsequent optical element.

9. according to the laser system of claim 1, wherein:

Said XY scanning device is configured to revise independently basically:

The angle that the scanning laser beam of being exported by said XY scanning device is become with optical axis; And

Scanning laser beam of being exported and position perpendicular to the subsequent reference Plane intersects of said optical axis.

10. according to the laser system of claim 1, wherein:

Said XY scanning device is configured to make aberration to compare with the aberration of the corresponding laser system that comprises the XY scanning device that only has two reflecting mirrors to reduce.

11. according to the laser system of claim 1, wherein:

Said XY scanning device is configured to make astigmatism to compare with the astigmatism of the corresponding laser system that comprises the XY scanning device that only has two reflecting mirrors to reduce.

12. according to the laser system of claim 1, wherein:

Said XY scanning device is configured to make coma to compare with the coma of the substantially the same laser system that comprises the XY scanning device that only has two reflecting mirrors to reduce.

13. according to the laser system of claim 1, wherein:

Said XY scanning device is configured to be in the said laser beam of XY sweep limits interscan in the focal plane of said laser system, and the maximum of said XY sweep limits is greater than 5 millimeters and less than 15 millimeters.

14. according to the laser system of claim 1, wherein:

Said XY scanning device is configured to be in the said laser beam of XY sweep limits interscan in the focal plane of said laser system, and the maximum of said XY sweep limits is greater than 8 millimeters and less than 13 millimeters.

15. a laser system that is used for ophthalmologic operation comprises:

Laser engine is used to produce pulse laser beam; And

Wherein, said XY scanning device is configured to revise independently basically:

The angle that the scanning laser beam of being exported is become with optical axis; And

16. according to the laser system of claim 15, wherein:

Said XY scanning device comprises:

The X scanning device, it comprises two X scanning reflection mirrors; And

The Y scanning device, it comprises two Y scanning reflection mirrors.

17. according to the laser system of claim 16, wherein:

The X fulcrum leaves the X scanning reflection mirror; And

The Y fulcrum leaves the Y scanning reflection mirror.

18. according to the laser system of claim 16, wherein:

The X fulcrum leaves the X scanning reflection mirror;

The Y fulcrum leaves the Y scanning reflection mirror; And

Said X fulcrum overlaps with said Y fulcrum basically

19. according to the laser system of claim 16, wherein:

20. a laser system that is used for ophthalmologic operation comprises:

Laser engine is used to produce pulse laser beam; And

The XY scanning device is used to receive said pulse laser beam and output scanning laser beam, wherein,

Said XY scanning device comprises:

The first quick control XY scanning reflection mirror; And

The second quick control XY scanning reflection mirror, wherein,

The said first and second quick control XY reflecting mirrors can carry out angular movement around two rotating shafts.

21. according to the laser system of claim 20, wherein:

The X fulcrum that is produced by the said first and second XY rapid control reflectors overlaps with the Y fulcrum that is produced by the said first and second XY rapid control reflectors basically.