CN102614048A - 止血贴片 - Google Patents

止血贴片 Download PDF

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CN102614048A
CN102614048A CN2012100215396A CN201210021539A CN102614048A CN 102614048 A CN102614048 A CN 102614048A CN 2012100215396 A CN2012100215396 A CN 2012100215396A CN 201210021539 A CN201210021539 A CN 201210021539A CN 102614048 A CN102614048 A CN 102614048A
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paster
slot
hemostasis
opening
cutting model
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贾森·福捷
莱斯·赫尔
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Covidien LP
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Confluent Surgical Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/11Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/0063Implantable repair or support meshes, e.g. hernia meshes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00491Surgical glue applicators
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07292Reinforcements for staple line, e.g. pledgets
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00526Methods of manufacturing
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/11Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
    • A61B2017/1107Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis for blood vessels
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/11Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
    • A61B2017/1135End-to-side connections, e.g. T- or Y-connections
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B2017/320052Guides for cutting instruments
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00Cutting
    • Y10T83/748With work immobilizer
    • Y10T83/7487Means to clamp work
    • Y10T83/7493Combined with, peculiarly related to, other element
    • Y10T83/75With or to tool guide

Abstract

本公开涉及一种手术贴片和使用该手术贴片的方法。尤其涉及止血贴片。所述手术贴片包括具有基底的主体、平分至少部分所述主体的纵向隙缝和从所述纵向隙缝延伸的限定可张开区段的至少一条附加隙缝。可将本公开的手术贴片用于例如在吻合部位提供止血。本公开还提供了包括该手术贴片和样板的套件,所述样板可以使人们将所述贴片切割出所需大小和/或形状。

Description

止血贴片
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是于2010年6月21日提交的序列号为12/819,323的共同待决美国专利申请的部分继续申请,将其全部公开内容以引用方式完整并入本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及植入物,并且更具体而言,涉及适用于实现止血的贴片。
背景技术
迄今为止,原位止血治疗主要集中在使前体溶液在患者体内转变为固体。可以多种方式实现这些前体的转变,包括沉淀、聚合、交联和去溶剂化。但是,使用用于原位止血治疗的溶液时存在限制。例如,低粘度的溶液可能在转变和固化发生前就从施用部位流走或被清除。此外,溶液的配方可能是复杂的,因为它们的制备可能需要前体的重组,或者当溶液被冰冻保存时,它们可能需要解冻。另外,某些外科手术,包括那些处理体内管状结构的结合(例如,吻合)的外科手术,不会使用液体止血治疗。
因此,提供一种这样的可植入装置会是有益的:其能够与固体装置不能容易粘附的生理结构粘附并向该生理结构提供止血治疗。
发明内容
发明概述
本公开涉及手术贴片、适用于定制所述手术贴片的形状的切割样板和用这些样板形成手术贴片的方法。
在实施方式中,本公开的切割样板可包括:具有形成所需图形的至少一条隙缝(slot)的上部;具有与所述上部中的图形对应的开口的下部,所述下部进一步包括能够在其中保持手术贴片的凹陷区域;以及用于将所述上部与所述下部连接的器件。
在其他实施方式中,本公开的切割样板可包括:具有形成星形图形的隙缝的上部;具有与存在于所述上部中的星形图形对应的开口的下部,所述下部进一步包括能够在其中保持手术贴片的凹陷区域;以及用于将所述上部与所述下部连接的器件。
如上所述,还提供使用切割样板来形成手术贴片的方法。在实施方式中,本公开的方法包括:提供切割样板,所述切割样板包括具有形成所需图形的至少一条隙缝的上部、具有与所述上部中的所述至少一条隙缝对应的开口的下部以及用于将所述上部与所述下部连接的器件,所述下部进一步包括能够在其中保持手术贴片的凹陷区域;将手术贴片装入所述下部中的所述凹陷区域内;使切割装置通过所述上部中的所述至少一条隙缝、所述手术贴片和所述下部中的所述开口,从而按照所述至少一条隙缝和开口的图形切割所述手术贴片;从所述样板的下部移开所述样板的上部;从所述切割样板取出具有所述图形的手术贴片。
附图说明
并入并构成本说明书一部分的附图与上面给出的公开内容的大体描述和下面给出的实施方式的详细描述一起阐明了本公开的实施方式,并用于解释本公开的原理。
图1为具有活瓣的本公开的止血贴片的实施方式的图示;
图2为一些活瓣张开(retract)的图1的止血贴片的图示;
图3为纵向活瓣张开的图1的止血贴片的图示;
图4为另外的活瓣和纵向活瓣张开的图1的止血贴片的图示;
图5A为图1的止血贴片的侧视图,所述止血贴片经折叠,其中活瓣张开以用于定位于手术吻合部上;
图5B为图1的止血贴片位于其上的手术吻合部的侧视图;
图6为根据本公开的止血贴片的又一个实施方式的图示;
图7为对其施用两个图6的止血贴片的手术吻合部的图示;
图8为具有一个图6的止血贴片的手术吻合部的图示;
图9为根据本公开的止血贴片的一部分的放大图示;
图10为手术吻合部和根据本公开的止血贴片的放大图示;
图11为手术吻合部和根据本公开的交联止血贴片的放大图示;
图12A-12C为根据本公开的用于切割止血贴片的样板的图示;
图13A-13B为根据本公开的用于切割止血贴片的样板的图示;
图14A-14B为本公开的止血贴片的实施方式的图示,所述止血贴片具有能够形成活瓣的纵向隙缝;以及
图15A-15B为本公开的止血贴片的实施方式的图示,所述止血贴片具有锁眼结构并包括能够形成活瓣的纵向隙缝。
具体实施方式
发明详述
本公开提供手术植入物,其在实施方式中可适用于促进止血。在实施方式中,本公开提供原位止血治疗,其包括与因含水生理液体存在而被活化的干燥材料结合的可植入装置。可植入装置与干燥材料的结合可确保将在植入部位发生原位止血治疗。
在实施方式中,根据本公开的植入物可为手术贴片。可将所述手术贴片设置成能使其在原位围绕不同大小的管状结构。在实施方式中,所述手术贴片可包括纵向隙缝。附加隙缝可从所述纵向隙缝延伸。这些隙缝可以形成可张开的活瓣,所述活瓣可以张开用于将手术贴片原位放置在并折叠在例如出血区域的部位上。在其他实施方式中,所述手术贴片可包括通孔或切口(cut-out)用于在不同组织周围原位放置所述贴片。此外,可以用将会原位形成水凝胶的材料,例如前体,来涂覆和/或浸渍所述贴片。
尽管下面的描述是关于止血贴片,但在此描述的贴片可为任何手术贴片并且不限于能够带来止血效果的贴片。
现在,详细地参照附图,其中,相同的附图标记用于在不同的图中表示相同的构件,图1图示了止血贴片10,其包括:主体11、平分部分主体11的纵向隙缝12和从纵向隙缝12延伸的附加隙缝,所述附加隙缝形成了限定可张开区段16、18、20、22、24、26、28和30的星形图形14。从图1可以明显地看出,所述从纵向隙缝延伸的附加隙缝可以限定可张开区段的数量。
纵向隙缝12和形成星形图形14的附加隙缝是通过止血贴片10的主体11的切口部。可以在没有去掉止血贴片10的主体11的任何部分的情况下形成这些隙缝,即,主体11可为连续的。在实施方式中,所述隙缝可为被穿孔的(perforated)但不是切通的,这样某些区段可被张开而其他区段则被更牢固地保持在它们原来的位置。纵向隙缝12从主体11的边缘延伸并且可以平分主体11的长度的约1%至约99%,在一些实施方式中可以平分主体11的长度的约25%至约75%。在实施方式中,所述附加隙缝可为所述纵向隙缝的长度的约10%至约75%,在一些实施方式中为所述纵向隙缝的长度的约25%至约50%。
从所述纵向隙缝可以延伸出任意数量的附加隙缝。例如,在一些实施方式中,所述植入物可包括一条附加隙缝。在其他实施方式中,所述植入物可包括,例如,20条以上的附加隙缝。在一些情况下可以有约2条至约10条附加隙缝。所述附加隙缝可以以任意角度从所述纵向隙缝延伸。例如,附加隙缝可以以约1°至约179°的角度从所述纵向隙缝延伸。当存在超过一条附加隙缝时,所述附加隙缝可以以相同的角度(即,每条附加隙缝可以与其两侧的附加隙缝均等地成角度)或不同的角度从所述纵向隙缝延伸。
如上所述,所述隙缝形成可张开的区段或活瓣。如图2所示,区段16、18、20、22、24、26、28和30可被打开(或被张开)以形成可张开的活瓣16’、18’、20’、22’、24’、26’、28’和30’以及通孔31。根据本公开,“通孔”完全贯通所述止血贴片,从而制造开口。在实施方式中,没有为了制造通孔31而去掉主体11的任何部分,而是通过张开可张开的活瓣16’、18’、20’、22’、24’、26’、28’和30’来形成通孔31。尽管图示了8个可张开的区段,但止血贴片10中可以包括任意数量的可张开的区段。
图3图示了止血贴片10,其中纵向隙缝12被张开或折叠起来以形成可张开的活瓣32和34。所述可张开的活瓣使得止血贴片10在接触组织之前能够围绕所述组织。图4图示了所有的活瓣32、34、16’、18’、20’、22’、24’、26’、28’和30’均张开从而在止血贴片10的主体11中制造大的开口。
当被折叠起来时,活瓣可以在所述手术贴片就位之前防止所述贴片上的水凝胶前体与湿润的组织表面接触。然后,所述活瓣可折叠到组织上以围绕并封闭所述管状组织从而防止进一步出血。所述切口和通孔是考虑到特殊形状组织周围的原位止血的需要。该功能会是有用的,例如,在如吻合步骤的手术步骤中。在手术吻合术的过程中,在原位结合两个管状结构或中空组织。例如,手术吻合术可包括:在旁路手术中连接两个血管,包括被称为冠状动脉旁路移植术的步骤;在取出肠段之后切除部分肠;逆转输卵管结扎术或输精管切除术的步骤;修复膀胱的连续性;等等。
在实施方式中,带有星形图形的止血贴片在端边血管吻合术(end-to-sidevascular anastomosis)中会是有用的。例如,由于吻合部位处相关的复杂几何形状,不能容易地将呈片形式的止血贴片用于端边血管吻合术。此外,如果用于形成所述止血贴片的材料不具有足够的顺应性,虽然其在吻合缝合线周围可以被拉伸,但也会存在挤压和/或狭窄的风险。可以切割小的条带并将其放置在缝合线上,但这样会使时间非常紧迫,并且重叠的条带会造成缝隙,缝隙会导致继续出血。
图5A中显示了血管吻合部100的例子。使用缝线或吻合钉56将血管52连接到血管54上。在将止血贴片10置于血管52和54的交叉处之前,为了防止与血管52和54接触,使止血贴片10的主体11的活瓣32、18’、16’、30’、28’(示出)和34、20’、22’、24’、26’(未示出)张开。如图5B所示,当围绕吻合部100放置时,主体11围绕血管52和54的交叉(示出)以及28’、20’、22’、24’和26’(未示出)。止血贴片10的主体11与血管54共面。活瓣16’、18’和30’(示出)以及28’、20’、22’、24’和26’(未示出)从主体11的平面张开并靠在血管52上。
图6图示了本公开的植入物的又一个实施方式。止血贴片80可包括主体82以及拱形切口84、86、88和90。拱形切口84、86、88和90各自的深度分别为A、B、C和D。深度A、B、C、D分别为所述止血贴片的主体82的边缘与拱形切口84、86、88和90的最深部之间的距离,并且拱形切口84、86、88和90中的每一个的深度可以相同或不同。例如,当深度不同时,在一些实施方式中深度A可为约2mm,深度B可为约3mm、深度C可为约4mm以及深度D可为约5mm。在其他实施方式中,例如,切口84和90的深度或者切口88和86的深度可以相同。
如图7中所示,血管吻合部100可由组织102和104形成。可以对齐两个来自图6的止血贴片80和80’以使拱形切口90和90’(未示出)环绕组织102,并且主体82和82’沿组织104展开、与其粘附并与其共面。图8图示了其中拱形切口84和90各自的深度A和D相等的实施方式。止血贴片80的主体82可包围组织108并且拱形切口84和90可环绕组织106。
图9图示了本公开的止血贴片110的主体111。主体111由多孔或织物样材料或基底116制成。多孔基底116具有施用于第一部分的第一水凝胶前体112和施用于第二部分的第二水凝胶前体120。在2009年10月5日提交的美国专利申请No.12/573,176中公开了这样的止血贴片110,在此通过引用方式并入其全部公开内容。图9的主体111显示为具有施用于多孔基底或织物样材料116的第一部分的呈颗粒的形式的第一水凝胶前体112和施用于多孔基底116的第二部分的呈膜的形式的第二水凝胶前体120。
在使用过程中,将止血贴片110定向为:主体111的第二部分(施用了第二水凝胶前体120)更靠近组织130,而其中施用了第一水凝胶前体112的第一部分离组织130更远。在一些实施方式中,第一和第二部分可以通过对比染料的加入、表面织构化、着色或其他视觉线索来相互区分。一旦与组织(例如受损组织130)接触,止血贴片110会吸收生理液体,而且第二水凝胶前体120会被该液体溶解。随着该液体通过毛细作用进入并穿过止血贴片110的主体111,其会携带溶解的第二水凝胶前体120一起通过止血贴片110。最终,所述液体会充分地穿过主体111并到达施用了第一水凝胶前体112的第一部分,从而与第一水凝胶前体112接触。然后,第一和第二水凝胶前体112和120将起反应以形成生物相容性交联材料,从而在损伤部位产生止血。在一些实施方式中,由第一和第二水凝胶前体112、120的反应生成的生物相容性交联材料不仅会提供止血性能还会为部分止血贴片110提供粘合性能。
止血贴片110的主体111的多孔基底116在其至少部分表面上具有开口或孔。所述孔可以在植入前或植入后在基底中形成。如下文中更详细地描述,用于形成所述多孔基底的适合材料包括,但不限于:纤维结构(例如,针织结构、纺织结构、无纺结构等)和/或泡沫(例如,开孔或闭孔泡沫)。在一些实施方式中,所述孔可具有足够的数量和大小从而相互连接并因此跨越所述多孔基底的整个厚度。纺织纤维、针织纤维和开孔泡沫的说明性例子为这样的结构,其中所述孔可具有足够的数量和大小从而在所述多孔基底的整个厚度上相互连接。在一些实施方式中,所述孔并不在所述多孔基底的整个厚度上相互连接。闭孔泡沫或熔融的无纺材料的说明性例子为这样的结构,其中所述孔可以在所述多孔基底的整个厚度上不相互连接。在另一些实施方式中,所述多孔基底的孔可以跨越该多孔基底的整个厚度。在又一些实施方式中,所述孔并未延伸穿过所述多孔基底的整个厚度,而是存在于该多孔基底的部分厚度。在实施方式中,所述开口或孔位于所述多孔基底的部分表面上,而该多孔基底的其他部分具有无孔的构造。
在其他实施方式中,所述孔可原位在植入后形成。可以使用任何适合的方法来进行原位孔形成。一些非限制性例子包括接触光刻胶法、活性自由基光聚合物(LRPP)系统、盐浸法及其组合等的使用。阅读本公开的本领域技术人员会想到所述多孔基底的其他的孔分布型式和格局。
当所述多孔基底为纤维性时,所述纤维可以包括适用于针织或纺织的丝或线,或者可为人造短纤维,例如经常用于制备无纺材料的那些人造短纤维。所述纤维可由任何生物相容性材料制成。因此,所述纤维可由天然材料或合成材料形成。形成所述纤维的材料可为生物可吸收的或非生物可吸收的。应该理解的是可以使用天然、合成、生物可吸收和非生物可吸收的材料的任意组合来形成所述纤维。
一些可以用来制造所述纤维的材料的非限制性例子包括但不限于:聚酯,例如聚(乳酸)和聚(乙醇酸),聚(三亚甲基碳酸酯),聚(二噁烷酮),聚(羟基丁酸酯),聚(磷嗪),聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,超高分子量聚乙烯,聚乙醇,聚环氧乙烷,聚丙烯酰胺,聚羟基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(pHEMA),聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,聚乙烯醇,聚丙烯酸,聚乙酸酯,聚己内酯,聚丙烯,脂肪族聚酯,丙三醇,聚(氨基酸),(醚-酯)共聚物,聚亚烷基草酸酯,多糖,聚酰胺,聚(亚氨基碳酸酯),聚亚烷基草酸酯,聚氧杂酯(polyoxaester),聚原酸酯,含磷氮链聚合物,生物聚合物,聚合物药物和共聚物,嵌段共聚物,均聚物,混合物及其组合。
当所述多孔基底为纤维性时,可使用任何适于形成纤维结构的方法来形成该多孔基底,所述方法包括,但不限于,针织、纺织、无纺技术,湿法纺丝,电力纺丝,挤出,共挤出等。用于制造纤维结构的适合技术在本领域技术人员掌握的知识范围内。在实施方式中,织物具有三维结构,例如在美国专利No.7,021,086和No.6,443,964中记载的织物,在此通过引用方式并入每件专利的公开内容。
在一些实施方式中,所述多孔基底由氧化纤维素的纤维制成。这种材料是已知的并且包括商品名为SURGICEL
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的市售氧化纤维素止血剂材料。用于制备氧化纤维素止血剂材料的方法在本领域技术人员掌握的知识范围内,并且在例如美国专利No.3,364,200、No.4,626,253、No.5,484,913和No.6,500,777中公开,在此通过引用方式并入每件专利的公开内容。
当所述多孔基底为泡沫时,可使用任何适于形成泡沫或海绵的方法来形成该多孔基底,所述方法包括,但不限于,组合物的冻干法或冷冻干燥法。所述泡沫可为交联的或非交联的,并且可以包括共价键或离子键。用于制造泡沫的适合技术在本领域技术人员掌握的知识范围内。
如上所述,多孔基底116具有对其施用的第一和第二水凝胶前体112、120。术语“第一水凝胶前体”和“第二水凝胶前体”各自表示能够参与反应形成交联分子网络(例如,水凝胶)的聚合物、功能性聚合物、大分子、小分子或交联剂。
在实施方式中,第一和第二水凝胶前体112、120各自仅包括一类官能团,例如仅包括亲核基团或仅包括亲电子官能团,只要亲核和亲电子前体均被用于交联反应中即可。因此,例如,如果第一水凝胶前体112具有如胺的亲核官能团,则第二水凝胶前体120可具有如N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺的亲电子官能团。另一方面,如果第一水凝胶前体112具有如璜基琥珀酰亚胺的亲电子官能团,那么第二水凝胶前体120可具有如胺或硫醇的亲核官能团。因此,可以使用如蛋白质、聚(烯丙胺)、苯乙烯磺酸或者胺-封端的双官能或多官能聚(乙二醇)(“PEG”)的功能性聚合物。
第一和第二水凝胶前体112、120可具有生物学惰性的且水溶性的核。当所述核为水溶性的聚合区域时,可使用的适合聚合物包括:聚醚,例如聚环氧烷—如聚乙二醇(“PEG”)、聚环氧乙烷(“PEO”)、聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷共聚物(“PPO”)、聚环氧乙烷嵌段或无规共聚物、和聚乙烯醇(“PVA”);聚(乙烯吡咯烷酮)(“PVP”);聚(氨基酸);多糖,例如,右旋糖酐、壳聚糖、藻酸盐、羧甲基纤维素、氧化纤维素、羟基乙基纤维素、羟基甲基纤维素、透明质酸;以及蛋白质,例如,白蛋白、胶原、酪蛋白和明胶。特别有益的是聚醚,并且更具体地为聚(氧化亚烷基)、聚(乙二醇)或聚乙二醇。当所述核的分子属性(molecular nature)较小时,可以使用多种亲水性功能性的任一种来使第一和第二水凝胶前体112、120具有水溶性。例如,可以使用如羟基、胺基、磺酸根和/或羧酸根的水溶性官能团来使所述前体具有水溶性。作为另一个例子,辛二酸的N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(“NHS”)酯不溶于水,但是通过向琥珀酰亚胺环加入磺酸基,可使辛二酸的NHS酯具有水溶性而不影响其对胺基的反应性。
可以使用本领域技术人员掌握的任何适合方法来将第一和第二水凝胶前体112、120施用于多孔基底116。例如,可在形成多孔基底116之前,将第一和第二水凝胶前体112、120加入多孔基底116中。在另一个非限制性例子中,可在所述基底形成后,将第一或第二水凝胶前体112、120置于多孔基底116的孔内或者多孔基底116的表面上。在其他的实施方式中,多孔基底116可在施用第一水凝胶前体112前被压延从而使第一或第二水凝胶前体112、120渗透入通过压延步骤在所述基底上生成的开口。
在其他实施方式中,所述第一或第二水凝胶前体可以是涂层的形式,所述涂层以能够形成止血贴片的任何浓度、尺寸和形态被施用于所述基底。所述涂层可形成无孔层或多孔层。在实施方式中,所述第一和第二水凝胶前体的至少一种为交联剂。在实施方式中,所述第一和第二水凝胶前体的至少一种为大分子,并且在此可被称为“功能性聚合物”。
所述第一和第二水凝胶前体各自为多官能的,这表示其包括两个或多个亲电子或亲核官能团,这样,例如,在所述第一水凝胶前体上的亲核官能团可以与在所述第二水凝胶前体上的亲电子官能团反应而形成共价键。所述第一或第二水凝胶前体的至少一种包括两个以上的官能团,这样,作为亲电子-亲核反应的结果,所述前体结合以形成交联聚合产物。
在实施方式中,如三赖氨酸的多官能亲核聚合物可被用作第一水凝胶前体,而如用多个NHS基团官能化的多臂PEG的多官能亲电子聚合物可被用作第二水凝胶前体。所述用多个NHS基团官能化的多臂PEG可具有,例如,4个、6个或8个臂并且具有约5,000至约25,000的分子量。在美国专利No.6,152,943、No.6,165,201、No.6,179,862、No.6,514,534、No.6,566,406、No.6,605,294、No.6,673,093、No.6,703,047、No.6,818,018、No.7,009,034和No.7,347,850中记载了适合的第一和第二水凝胶前体的其他例子,在此通过引用方式并入每件专利的全部公开内容。
尽管本公开可能涉及止血贴片,但可以使用任何手术贴片。所述止血贴片可为任何大小和尺寸。在实施方式中,所述贴片能够在腹腔镜置入装置(laparoscopic deployment device)中运送或者能够在开放性手术中引入。在实施方式中,所述止血贴片可为约2平方英寸,但是可以想到的是所述贴片的形状和大小可以变化。此外,尽管将在形成所述贴片中使用的基底描述为“多孔的”,但是所述基底在不同的实施方式中可为多孔的或无孔的。
当将所述止血贴片施用于出血组织的部位时,其会影响该组织的止血。如在此使用的,术语“止血”是指出血停止。不受任何理论的限制,我们认为所述止血贴片的止血作用是由于内在和外在两方面的因素。在一些实施方式中,所述基底可包括提供内在止血作用的止血剂。在其他实施方式中,所述水凝胶前体之间的交联生成了血流的物理屏障,从而提供外在的止血作用。
止血可以在施用所述止血贴片的部位在约2分钟之内发生。如上所述,一旦与如受损或出血组织的组织接触,所述止血贴片吸收间质液和生理液体(例如,血液、淋巴液等)并且所述第一和第二水凝胶前体通过该液体混合。为了防止所述止血贴片在被用于需要止血的位置之前就吸入液体,所述止血贴片在需要施用之前一直被保留或密封在包装中。
从图10中可以看出,在使用过程中,将所述止血贴片110定向为:主体111的第二部分(施用了第二水凝胶前体120)更靠近组织130;而第一部分(施用了第一水凝胶前体112)设置为离组织130更远。一旦与出血组织130接触,止血贴片110吸收生理液体或血液132,并且具有第二水凝胶前体120的第二部分被液体或血液132溶解。随着该液体或血液132通过毛细作用进入并穿过止血贴片110的主体111,所述液体或血液会携带溶解的第二水凝胶前体120一起通过主体111充分到达施用了第一水凝胶前体112的第一部分,从而引发第一和第二水凝胶前体112、120之间的交联反应。在这时,如图11所示,第一和第二水凝胶前体112、120随后起反应以形成生物相容性交联材料134从而帮助组织130止血。
在使用中,使用本公开的止血贴片的个体,例如护士或外科医生,可能希望将所述贴片切割出所需的大小和形状。为获得特定的形状,结果可能是困难的而且是耗费时间的,并且过多的材料被切掉了因而止血剂和组织表面之间接触不充分的这种不完美的切割可能会导致继续出血;太少的材料被去掉的这种不完美的切割可能会导致血管狭窄;或者导致不得不抛弃损坏的贴片。
因此,在实施方式中,本公开的止血贴片可具有切割固定物,有时在本申请的实施方式中被称为切割样板,其可使人们能切割所述止血贴片以形成应用于血管吻合的合适的图形,在一些实施方式中,合适的图形为星形图形。例如,如图12A至12C中所示,样板设有上部200和下部210。在使用中,通过物理地将上部200与下部210分离来打开所述样板。将止血贴片(未示出)放置在下部210内,然后通过一些器件将上部200与下部210固定,所述器件包括物理器件,例如扣锁、按扣、静配合件(如绞合器(twist))和/或铰接件,或者包括磁体的其他器件,它们的组合等。如图12A所示,上部200具有切割成星形图形的形状的狭窄隙缝220,并且,如在图12B中显示的上部200的侧视图所图示的,上部200可以是薄的。隙缝200具有这样的宽度,该宽度正好足以允许手术刀片或者一些类似的刀或切割装置通过开口,从而使手术刀片能够切割止血贴片。如图12C所示,所述样板的下部210具有凹陷区域230,其将止血贴片保持在合适的位置并使止血贴片在样板的上部200下面居中。此外,样板的下部210具有与上部200中的星形图形对应的星形图形,下部210的开口240比该样板的上部200中包括的隙缝220宽。样板的下部210中的开口240使手术刀片能一路穿透止血贴片和样板,同时仍能为止血贴片提供足够的支撑。一旦已经在止血贴片中切割出图形,从下部210再次移开上部200,并从下部210取出现在具有星形图形的切割贴片。
在其他实施方式中,如图13A和13B图示,上部300可通过铰接件350与下部310连接。上部300具有隙缝320且下部310具有开口340。可将止血贴片(未示出)放置在下部310的凹陷部分330内以使该贴片在其中居中。在将止血贴片放置在下部310的凹陷部分330内以后,接着关闭上部300,从而将止血贴片稳固地保持在合适的位置。然后,个体,如护士或手术医生可以使刀片(包括手术刀或者一些类似的刀或切割装置)通过上部300内的隙缝320、通过下部310内的开口340,从而在止血贴片内切割出星形图形。随后打开上部300,从样板中取出现在具有星形图形的切割止血贴片。
在实施方式中,所述样板可具有抓握部或其他类似的区域(未示出)以使个体能够保持样板同时使个体的手指远离切割区域。
本公开的样板使个体(包括手术室内的护士或手术医生)能够根据需要在本公开的止血贴片内切割出星形图形。所述样板尺寸小、价格便宜且容易使用。
尽管上面的说明涉及具有星形图形的样板,因此允许形成具有相同星形图形的止血贴片,但用于根据本公开所述的用途的样板在上部200和/或300内可以具有任何其他需要的图形(未示出),同时在下部210和/或310内也具有相应的图形,从而使个体能够将本公开的止血贴片切割出所需的图形。合适的图形包括,例如:至少部分地分割矩形贴片的细长纵向隙缝或改进的图形,所述锁眼样图形包括带有圆形开口的如上所述的细长的隙缝,其中所述隙缝在贴片的主体内终止于该圆形开口。
图14A和14B图示了本公开的止血贴片410,其具有至少部分地分割贴片410的细长的纵向隙缝412。所述纵向隙缝可与上述与止血贴片10相关的纵向隙缝12相同。如图14A所示,在实施方式中,纵向隙缝412可以从止血贴片410的边缘延伸至止血贴片410的主体内的一点。图14B图示了止血贴片410,其中纵向隙缝412张开或折叠起来以形成可张开的活瓣432和434。
图15A和15B图示了本公开的止血贴片510,其具有至少部分地分割贴片510的细长的纵向隙缝512。所述纵向隙缝可与上述与止血贴片10相关的纵向隙缝12相同。如图15A所示,纵向隙缝512从贴片510的边缘延伸进入贴片510的主体,终止于圆形开口560。因此,实施方式中的止血贴片510可被称为具有锁眼构形。图15B图示了止血贴片510,其中纵向隙缝512张开或折叠起来以形成可张开的活瓣532和534。
此外,所述止血贴片可包括生物学可接受的添加剂,例如,增塑剂、抗氧化剂、染料、稀释剂、治疗剂等及其组合,可以将上述添加剂涂覆在用于形成本公开的止血贴片的丝或纤维上或者使其渗透入这些纤维或丝内(例如,在混合或挤出过程中)。
治疗剂包括,但不限于,药物、氨基酸、肽、多肽、蛋白质、多糖、突变蛋白、免疫球蛋白、抗体、细胞因子(淋巴因子、单核因子、趋化因子)、血液凝固因子、造血因子、白细胞介素(1至18)、干扰素(β-IFN、α-IFN和γ-IFN)、红细胞生成素、核酸酶、肿瘤坏死因子、集落刺激因子(例如,GCSF、GM-CSF、MCSF)、胰岛素、抗肿瘤剂和肿瘤抑制剂、血液蛋白、纤维蛋白、凝血酶、纤维蛋白原、合成凝血酶、合成纤维蛋白、合成纤维蛋白原、促性腺激素(例如,FSH、LH、CG等)、激素和激素类似物(例如,生长激素、促黄体生成素释放因子)、疫苗(例如,肿瘤抗原、细菌抗原和病毒抗原);生长抑素;抗原;凝血因子;生长因子(例如,神经生长因子、胰岛素样生长因子);成骨蛋白、TGF-B、蛋白抑制剂、蛋白拮抗剂和蛋白激动剂;核酸,例如反义分子、DNA、RNA、RNAi;寡聚核苷酸;多聚核苷酸;细胞、病毒和RNA酶。
在实施方式中,所述治疗剂可包括下列药物中的至少一种,包括这些药物的组合以及药物的替换形式(如替代的盐形式、游离酸形式、游离碱形式、前药和水合物):镇痛药/退热药(例如,阿司匹林、对乙酰氨基酚、布洛芬、萘普生钠、丁丙诺啡、盐酸丙氧芬、萘磺酸丙氧芬、盐酸哌替啶、盐酸氢化吗啡酮、吗啡、羟可酮、可待因、重酒石酸二氢可待因、镇痛新、重酒石酸二氢可酮、左吗啡、双氟尼酸、水杨酸三乙醇胺、盐酸纳布啡、甲灭酸、布托啡诺、胆碱水杨酸盐、布他比妥、枸橼酸苯甲苯氧胺、枸橼酸苯海拉明、甲氧异丁嗪、盐酸桂美君和甲丙氨酯);平喘药(例如,酮替芬和曲呫诺);抗生素(例如,新霉素、链霉素、氯霉素、头孢菌素、氨苄西林、青霉素、四环素和环丙沙星);抗抑郁药(例如,奈福泮、奥昔哌汀、阿莫沙平、氯哌三唑酮、阿米替林、马普替林、苯乙肼、地昔帕明、去甲替林、苯环丙胺、氟西汀、多虑平、丙咪嗪、丙咪嗪扑酸盐、异卡波肼、曲米帕明和普罗替林);抗糖尿病药(例如,双胍类和磺酰脲类衍生物);抗真菌剂(例如,灰黄霉素、酮康唑、伊曲康唑、两性霉素B、制霉菌素和杀念菌素);抗高血压剂(例如,普西洛尔、普罗帕酮、氧烯洛尔、硝苯地平、利血平、咪噻吩、酚苄明、盐酸帕吉林、去氧利血平、二氮嗪、单硫酸胍乙啶、米诺地尔、利新纳明、硝普钠、萝芙碱、阿舍西隆和酚妥拉明);抗炎药(例如,(非甾体类)消炎痛、酮洛芬、氟比洛芬、萘普生、布洛芬、雷米那酮、吡罗昔康、(甾体类)可的松、地塞米松、氟扎可松、塞来考昔、罗非考昔、氢化可的松、强的松龙和强的松);抗肿瘤药(例如,环磷酰胺、放线菌素、博来霉素、更生霉素、柔红霉素、阿霉素、表柔比星、丝裂霉素、氨甲蝶呤、氟尿嘧啶、吉西他滨、卡波铂、卡氮芥(BCNU)、甲基-CCNU、顺氯氨铂、依托泊苷、喜树碱及其衍生物、苯芥胆甾醇、紫杉醇及其衍生物、多西他赛及其衍生物、长春碱、长春新碱、性瑞林、亮丙瑞林、他莫西芬、α-干扰素、维甲酸(ATRA)、氮芥烷基化剂和哌泊舒凡);抗焦虑剂(例如,劳拉西泮、丁螺环酮、普拉西泮、氯氮卓、去甲羟安定、二钾氯氮卓、安定、双羟萘酸羟嗪、盐酸羟嗪、阿普唑仑、氟哌利多、哈拉西泮、氯美扎酮和丹曲洛林);免疫抑制剂(例如,环孢菌素、硫唑嘌呤、咪唑立宾和FK506(他克莫司));抗偏头痛剂(例如,麦角胺、普萘洛尔、半乳糖二酸异美丁和氯醛比林);镇静剂/催眠剂(例如,如戊巴比妥、戊巴比妥和司可巴比妥的巴比妥酸盐;以及如盐酸氟西泮、三唑仑和咪达唑仑的苯二氮类);抗心绞痛剂(例如,β-肾上腺素能受体阻断剂;如硝苯地平和地尔硫卓的钙离子通道阻断剂;以及如硝酸甘油、硝酸异山梨醇、季戊四醇四硝酸酯和丁四硝酯的硝酸酯类);抗精神病剂(例如,氟哌啶醇、丁二酸洛沙平、盐酸洛沙平、甲硫哒嗪、盐酸甲硫哒嗪、氨砜噻吨、氟非那嗪、氟非那嗪癸酸酯、氟非那嗪庚酸酯、甲哌氟丙嗪、氯丙嗪、羟哌氯丙嗪、柠檬酸锂和普鲁氯嗪);抗躁狂剂(例如,碳酸锂);抗心律不齐药(例如,溴苄胺、艾司洛尔、异搏定、胺碘达隆、恩卡胺、地高辛、洋地黄毒苷、美西律、磷酸双异丙吡胺、普鲁卡因酰胺、硫酸奎尼丁、葡糖酸奎尼定、奎尼丁聚半乳糖醛酸盐、醋酸氟卡胺、氨酰甲苯胺和利多卡因);抗风湿药(例如,苯基丁氮酮、舒林酸、青霉胺、水杨酰水杨酸、吡罗昔康、(硝基)咪唑硫嘌呤、消炎痛、甲氯灭酸钠盐、硫代苹果酸金钠、酮洛芬、金诺芬、硫代葡萄糖金和托美丁钠);抗痛风剂(例如,秋水仙碱和别嘌呤醇);抗凝血剂(例如,肝素、肝素纳和华法令钠);血栓溶解剂(例如,尿激酶、链激酶和阿替普酶);抗纤维蛋白溶解剂(例如,氨基己酸);活血药(例如,己酮可可碱);抗血小板剂(例如,阿司匹林);抗惊厥药(丙戊酸、α-正丙基戊酸钠二聚物、苯妥英、苯妥英钠、氯硝西泮、去氧苯巴比妥、苯巴比妥、卡巴咪嗪、异戊巴比妥钠、甲琥胺、美沙比妥、甲基苯巴比妥、美芬妥因、米浪丁、甲乙双酮、乙基苯妥英、苯乙酰脲、司可巴比妥钠、氯氮草酸氢二钾和三甲双酮);抗帕金森剂(例如,乙琥胺);抗组织胺药/止痒剂(例如,羟嗪、苯海拉明、扑尔敏、马来酸溴苯吡胺、盐酸赛庚啶、特非那定、富马酸氯苯苄咯、苯丙烯啶、卡比沙明、双苯拉林、苯茚达明、阿扎他定、苄吡二胺、顺丁烯二酸右旋氯苯吡胺和甲吡咯嗪);用于钙调控的制剂(例如,降血钙素和甲状旁腺激素);抗菌剂(例如,硫酸丁胺卡那霉素、噻肟单酰胺菌素、氯霉素、氯霉素棕榈酸酯、环丙沙星、氯洁霉素、氯洁霉素棕榈酸酯、氯洁霉素磷酸酯、甲硝唑、盐酸甲硝唑、硫酸双生霉素、盐酸林可霉素、硫酸妥布霉素、盐酸万古霉素、硫酸双生霉素、硫酸多粘菌素B、粘菌素甲磺钠和硫酸抗敌素);抗病毒剂(例如,α-干扰素、β-干扰素或γ-干扰素、叠氮胸苷、盐酸金刚烷胺、病毒唑和阿昔洛韦);抗微生物剂(例如,如头孢唑啉钠、环己烯胺头孢菌素、氯头孢菌素、头孢匹林钠、头孢唑肟钠、头孢哌酮钠、双硫唑甲氧头孢菌素、头孢呋辛酯、头孢噻肟钠、羟氨苄头孢菌素、头孢氨苄、噻吩头孢菌素钠、头孢氨苄盐酸盐一水合物、羟苄四唑头孢菌素、头孢西丁钠、头孢尼西钠、头孢雷特、头孢曲松钠、头孢噻甲羧肟、羟氨苄头孢菌素、环己烯胺头孢菌素和头孢呋肟钠的头孢菌素;如氨苄青霉素、羟氨苄青霉素、苄星青霉素G、氨环己青霉素、氨苄青霉素钠、青霉素G钾、青霉素V钾、氧哌嗪青霉素钠、恶洒西林钠、盐酸卡巴西林、氯苯唑青霉素钠、替卡西林钠、苯咪唑青霉素钠、卡茚西林钠、普鲁卡因青霉素G、二甲氧苯青霉素钠和乙氧萘青霉素钠的青霉素类;如红霉素乙基琥珀酸酯、红霉素、无味红霉素、乳糖酸红霉素、红霉素硬脂酸酯和红霉素乙基琥珀酸酯的红霉素类;如盐酸四环素、盐酸脱氧土霉和盐酸二甲胺四环素的四环素类;阿奇霉素、克拉仙霉素);抗感染药(例如,GM-CSF);支气管扩张剂(例如,如盐酸肾上腺素、硫酸间羟异丙肾上腺素、硫酸叔丁肾上腺素、N-异丙基乙基降肾上腺素、甲磺酸乙基异丙肾上腺素、盐酸乙基异丙肾上腺素、硫酸舒喘灵、舒喘灵、双甲苯喘定甲磺酸盐、盐酸异丙(去甲)肾上腺素、硫酸叔丁肾上腺素、重酒石酸肾上腺素、硫酸间羟异丙肾上腺素和肾上腺素的拟交感神经药);抗胆碱剂,如异丙托溴铵;黄嘌呤,如氨茶碱、喘定、硫酸间羟异丙肾上腺素和氨茶碱;肥大细胞稳定剂,如色甘酸钠;吸入用类固醇,如二丙酸倍氯米松(BDP)和二丙酸倍氯米松一水合物;羟甲叔丁肾上腺素;异丙托溴铵;布地缩松;甲哌噻庚酮;沙美特罗;1-羟基-2-萘甲酸盐(酯);硫酸叔丁肾上腺素;氟羟泼尼松龙;茶碱;奈多罗米钠;硫酸间羟异丙肾上腺素;舒喘灵;氟尼缩松;氟替卡松丙酸酯;甾体类化合物和激素(例如,如达那唑、环戊丙酸睾酮、氟羚甲基睾丸素、乙基睾酮(ethyltestosterone)、庚酸睾酮、甲睾酮的雄性激素;雌激素类,例如雌二醇、哌嗪雌酮硫酯和结合雌激素;孕酮类,例如乙酸甲氧基孕酮和醋炔诺酮;皮质类固醇类,如氟羟泼尼松龙、倍他米松、倍他米松磷酸纳、地塞米松、地塞米松磷酸钠、醋酸地塞米松、强的松、甲基强的松龙、醋酸甲基强的松龙混悬液、曲安奈德、甲基强的松龙、泼尼松龙磷酸钠、甲基泼尼松龙琥珀酸酯钠、氢化可的松琥珀酸钠、羟氟烯索、氢化可的松、氢化可的松环戊丙酸酯、氢化波尼松、醋酸氟氢可的松、醋酸对氟米松、强的松龙叔丁乙酯、醋酸氢化泼尼松、泼尼松龙磷酸钠和氢化可的松琥珀酸钠;以及甲状腺激素,如左甲状腺素钠);降血糖剂(例如,人胰岛素、纯化牛胰岛素、纯化猪胰岛素、优降糖、氯磺丙脲、格列甲嗪、甲苯磺丁脲和甲磺氮草脲);降血脂剂(例如,降固醇酸、右旋甲状腺素钠、普罗布考、普伐他汀、阿活他汀、洛弗斯塔特因和尼亚新);蛋白质(例如,脱氧核糖核酸酶、藻酸酶、超氧化物歧化酶和脂肪酶);核酸类(例如,编码任何治疗有效的蛋白质(包括在此描述的任何蛋白质)的正义或反义核酸);用于红细胞生成刺激的制剂(例如,红细胞生成素);抗溃疡/抗反流剂(例如,法莫替丁、甲腈咪胺和盐酸雷尼替丁);止恶心药/止吐药(例如,盐酸敏克静、大麻隆、氯吡嗪、乘晕宁、盐酸异丙嗪、硫乙哌丙嗪和东莨菪碱);以及用于在此描述的组合物和方法中的其他药物,包括:米托坦、卤代亚硝基脲、蒽环类抗生素、玫瑰树碱、头孢曲松、酮康唑、头孢噻甲羧肟、苯嗯丙酸、舒喘灵、伐昔洛韦、尿促卵泡素、泛西洛维、氟硝丁酰胺、恩纳普利、甲福明二甲双胍、伊曲康唑、丁螺环酮、加巴喷丁、福辛普利、反胺苯环醇、阿卡波糖、劳拉西泮、促滤泡素、格列甲嗪、奥美拉唑、氟西汀、苯丁酸赖脯酸、反胺苯环醇、左氧氟沙星、扎鲁司特、干扰素、生长激素、白细胞介素、红细胞生成素、粒细胞刺激因子、尼扎替丁、丁基丙酸苯、哌林多普利、特丁胺、腺苷、胺丁羟磷酸盐、前列地尔、贝那普利、倍他索洛尔、硫酸博来霉素、有旋氟苯丙胺、地尔硫卓、芬太尼、氟卡尼、2,2-二氟脱氧胞嘧啶核苷、醋酸格拉替雷、谷尼色创、拉米夫定、锰福地吡三钠、马沙拉嗪、富马酸美托洛尔、甲硝哒唑、米格列醇、莫昔普利、孟鲁司特、醋酸奥曲肽、奥洛他定、帕立骨化醇、促生长激素、琥珀酸舒马曲坦、他克林、异搏定、萘丁美酮、曲伐沙星、多拉司琼、叠氮胸苷、非那司提、托普霉素、依拉地平、托卡朋、依诺肝素、氟康唑、南索拉唑、特比萘芬、氨羟二磷酸二钠、双脱氧腺苷、双氯芬酸、西沙比利、文拉法辛、曲格列酮、氟伐地汀、氯沙坦、伊米苷酶、多奈哌齐、奥氮平、缬沙坦、非索非那定、降血钙素和异丙托溴铵。在一些实施方式中,所述治疗剂可为水溶性的。在一些实施方式中,所述治疗剂可以是非水溶性的。
在实施方式中,上述治疗剂可以在溶液中被施用于本公开的止血贴片。当所述治疗剂为水溶性时,水可被用作形成这种溶液的溶剂。可以使用的其他溶剂(包括极性和非极性溶剂)包括,但不限于:醇,例如,甲醇、乙醇、丙醇;氯代烃类,例如,二氯甲烷、氯仿、1,2-二氯-乙烷;以及脂肪族烃类,例如,己烷、庚烯、乙酸乙酯;等等及这些溶剂的组合。
本领域技术人员会理解可以对在此公开的实施方式进行多种改变。因此,不应将上述说明理解为限制,其仅作为优选实施方式的范例。本领域技术人员会想到在本公开的实质和范围内的其他改变。这样的改变和变化也在所附的权利要求书的范围内。

Claims (20)

1.一种切割样板,其包括:
具有形成所需图形的至少一条隙缝的上部;
具有与所述上部中的图形对应的开口的下部,所述下部进一步包括能够在其中保持手术贴片的凹陷区域;以及
用于将所述上部与所述下部连接的器件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的切割样板,其中,所述用于将所述上部与所述下部连接的器件选自由扣锁、按扣、铰接件、静配合件、铰接件、磁体及其组合构成的群组中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的切割样板,其中,所述上部和所述下部通过铰接件相互连接。
4.根据权利要求1所述的切割样板,其中,所述下部中的所述开口比所述上部中的所述至少一条隙缝宽。
5.根据权利要求1所述的切割样板,其中,所述上部中的所述至少一条隙缝和所述下部中的所述开口呈能够形成具有包括星形的形状的止血贴片的图形。
6.根据权利要求1所述的切割样板,其中,所述上部中的所述至少一条隙缝和所述下部中的所述开口呈能够形成具有包括矩形贴片的形状的止血贴片的图形,所述矩形贴片具有从所述贴片的边缘延伸并至少部分地分割所述贴片的细长纵向隙缝。
7.根据权利要求1所述的切割样板,其中,所述上部中的所述至少一条隙缝和所述下部中的所述开口呈能够形成具有包括矩形贴片的形状的止血贴片的图形,所述矩形贴片具有从所述贴片的边缘延伸并终止于所述贴片内的圆形开口的细长纵向隙缝。
8.根据权利要求1所述的切割样板,其进一步包括抓握部。
9.一种切割样板,其包括:
具有形成星形图形的隙缝的上部;
具有与存在于所述上部中的星形图形对应的开口的下部,所述下部进
一步包括能够在其中保持手术贴片的凹陷区域;以及
用于将所述上部与所述下部连接的器件。
10.根据权利要求9所述的切割样板,其中,所述用于将所述上部与所述下部连接的器件选自由扣锁、按扣、铰接件、静配合件、铰接件、磁体及其组合构成的群组中。
11.根据权利要求9所述的切割样板,其中,所述上部和所述下部通过铰接件相互连接。
12.根据权利要求9所述的切割样板,其中,所述下部中的所述开口
比所述上部中的所述隙缝宽。
13.根据权利要求9所述的切割样板,其进一步包括抓握部。
14.一种方法,其包括:
提供切割样板,所述切割样板包括:具有形成所需图形的至少一条隙缝的上部、具有与存在于所述上部中的所述至少一条隙缝对应的开口的下部以及用于将所述上部与所述下部连接的器件,所述下部进一步包括能够在其中保持手术贴片的凹陷区域;
将手术贴片装入所述下部中的所述凹陷区域内;
使切割装置通过所述上部中的所述至少一条隙缝、所述手术贴片和所述下部中的所述开口,从而按照所述至少一条隙缝和开口的图形切割所述手术贴片;
从所述样板的下部移开所述样板的上部;
从所述切割样板取出具有所述图形的手术贴片。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述用于将所述上部与所述下部连接的器件选自由扣锁、按扣、铰接件、静配合件、铰接件、磁体及其组合构成的群组中。
16.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述上部和所述下部通过铰接件相互连接。
17.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述下部中的所述开口比所述上部中的所述至少一条隙缝宽。
18.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述上部中的所述至少一条隙缝和所述下部中的所述开口呈能够形成具有包括星形的形状的止血贴片的图形。
19.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述上部中的所述至少一条隙缝和所述下部中的所述开口呈能够形成具有包括矩形贴片的形状的止血贴片的图形,所述矩形贴片具有从所述贴片的边缘延伸并至少部分地分割所述贴片的细长纵向隙缝。
20.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述上部中的所述至少一条隙缝和所述下部中的所述开口呈能够形成具有包括矩形贴片的形状的止血贴片的图形,所述矩形贴片具有从所述贴片的边缘延伸并终止于所述贴片内的圆形开口的细长纵向隙缝。
CN2012100215396A 2011-01-25 2012-01-21 止血贴片 Pending CN102614048A (zh)

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