CN102646874A - Four-dimensional antenna array based on single-pole multi-throw switch - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a four-dimensional antenna array based on a single-pole multi-throw switch. The basic structure of the four-dimensional antenna array comprises an antenna unit, a phase shifter, a variable amplitude fader, the single-pole multi-throw radio-frequency switch, a power divider, an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) circuit board and a filter. The greatest innovation of the invention is that the single-pole multi-throw switch replaces a single-pole single-throw switch in a traditional four-dimensional antenna array. Compared with the original four-dimensional antenna array based on the single-pole single-throw switch, a small amount of radio-frequency switches are only used in the structural design proposed provided by the invention; and in the combination of low side lobes or multi-beam directional diagrams, the gain of an antenna is greatly improved, the transient directivity factor of the antenna and the stability of the gain in the modulation period are not changed. The dimension of the antenna is changed reasonably, so as to constitute other specific embodiments of the invention. The four-dimensional antenna array is used for wireless communication and is also used in a radar system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the antenna works technical field, relate to a kind of array antenna of novelty, is a kind of four-dimensional antenna array based on single pole multiple throw specifically.
Background technology
The tradition phased array antenna is low comprehensively/during ultralow secondary lobe directional diagram, the excitation amplitude dynamic range is very higher than often, thereby cause the required precision of feeding network too high, sometimes in reality even can't realize.Time variable is incorporated into the four-dimensional antenna array that constitutes in the conventional antenna array with space three-dimensional variation; Can the amplitude and the phase weighting of space array element be realized through time-weighted mode; Thereby increased the design freedom of antenna array; Make four-dimensional antenna array have more design advantage, for example realize evenly excitation Low Sidelobe, the scanning of realization multi-beam etc. down with respect to conventional antenna array.
Because four-dimensional antenna array is on traditional array antenna, to introduce time dimension, it is time modulation array antenna again.The notion of four-dimensional antenna array at first in nineteen fifty-nine by people's propositions such as the Shanks of U.S. Hughes Aircraft Company (Hughes Aircraft Company) and Bickmore.1963, people such as the breadboard Kummer of USAF use time modulation technique in eight yuan of slotted waveguide arrays first, have realized-the ultralow minor level of 39.5dB.Nineteen eighty-three, the people such as Lewis of USN research department propose to utilize phase center motion equal time modulation technique, the secondary lobe of antenna array is moved to outside the radar passband, thereby realize the Low Sidelobe in the passband.Except performance advantages such as Low Sidelobe, four-dimensional antenna array can also utilize the signal of distinct sidebands to realize functions such as simultaneous multiple beams scanning.At present, successively there is the scholar of countries such as Spain, Britain, Italy, Turkey, India to launch research to four-dimensional antenna array.At home, only have University of Electronic Science and Technology to launch correlative study work, research level is in the international counterparts prostatitis.
Existing four-dimensional antenna array structure all adopts the absorption-type single monopole single throw switch to realize the time weight of array element, the corresponding single-pole single-throw switch (SPST) of array element.Adopt this kind structural design, have number of drawbacks.For example, the number of switches that needs is too much, makes the array cost increase; The time control variables that need optimize during design optimization is too much; Because the break-make of switch, the transient state directivity factor is unstable; Because to launching or accept the absorption of energy, feeding network efficient reduced, thereby makes array gain low excessively when switch broke off.Therefore, it is significant for the practical applications that realizes four-dimensional antenna array to seek a kind of new structural design.
Summary of the invention
In view of above-mentioned technical background; The present invention proposes a kind of four-dimensional antenna array structural design based on single pole multiple throw, purpose is to solve problems such as the gain of array antenna that is caused by single-pole single-throw switch (SPST) is low, cost is high, the transient state directivity factor changes acutely, narrow bandwidth.
Basic scheme of the present invention is:
Four-dimensional antenna array is thrown (comprise double-throw) switch, power splitter, FPGA circuit board and filter by antenna element, phase shifter, variable amplitude attenuator, hilted broadsword more and is formed; The periodicity break-make of the single pole multiple throw that the control of FPGA circuit board is all; Each single pole multiple throw control a plurality of (comprising two) antenna element passage; Each selects conducting one paths constantly; There is not the state of suspending in switch, and realizes the amplitude and the phase weighting of antenna element through appropriate design switch conduction sequential; When four-dimensional antenna array is used to receive; After incoming wave passes through antenna element, phase shifter, variable amplitude attenuator; Arrive single pole multiple throw; In multichannel (comprising two-way) input signal, select one tunnel signal communication to power splitter through FPGA circuit board control single pole multiple throw, isolate center frequency-band signal and sideband signals through filter at last, according to specifically being used as corresponding signal process; When four-dimensional antenna array is used to launch; Transmit and walk around filter assembly; Directly be communicated to single pole multiple throw through power splitter; FPGA circuit board control single pole multiple throw is selected one tunnel connection in multichannel (comprising two-way) output channel, shunting sign is radiate by antenna element after through variable amplitude attenuator, phase shifter.
Innovation of the present invention has been to use single pole multiple throw (comprising single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT)) to replace the single-pole single-throw switch (SPST) in traditional four-dimensional antenna array.Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1. use single pole multiple throw to replace the single-pole single-throw switch (SPST) in traditional four-dimensional antenna array, simplified the structure of four-dimensional antenna array greatly, for example reduce the power splitter number even replace power splitter;
2. improved the gain of antenna greatly, adopted single-pole single-throw switch (SPST), broken off constantly at switch; Exist the loss of feeding network energy absorption, antenna efficiency is reduced, and use single pole multiple throw; Do not exist and break off absorption loss constantly, antenna gain equates with directivity of antenna in theory;
3. many antenna elements are controlled by same switch, and antenna element no longer is independently, during array synthetic, reduce in optimization variable, and under the situation that computational complexity reduces, antenna performance can't receive obvious influence;
4. aerial array transient state gain constant even launch a broadband signal (signal bandwidth is greater than the switch modulation frequency), is penetrated direction because amplitude-phase does not receive modulation and do not have sideband signals in other words main, and signal waveform can not distort;
5. this antenna structure can be used in Low Sidelobe radar system, multiple-beam radar system and the secret signalling.When it was applied to the Low Sidelobe radar system, shown in embodiment 1, when a narrow band signal of emission (bandwidth is less than modulating frequency), the equivalent amplitude weighting through each unit of switch realization can obtain a Low Sidelobe directional diagram at center frequency-band.When it was applied to the multiple-beam radar system, shown in embodiment 2,7 different wave beams that point to formed respectively at center frequency-band and sideband, through suitable filtering measure, can obtain 7 signals in different frequency bands information.When it was applied to secret signalling, shown in embodiment 1, when a broadband signal of emission (bandwidth is greater than modulating frequency), the master penetrated the direction waveform and is modulated, and keeps transmission information; Main penetrating beyond the direction, signal is modulated by clock switch, and waveform distorts, and information is damaged, thereby has the effect of secure communication.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the four-dimensional antenna array structure chart of the Low Sidelobe based on single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) among the present invention, and wherein (1) is antenna element, and (2) are variable phase shifters; (3) be the variable amplitude attenuator, (4) are single-pole double throw high-speed radio-frequency switches, and (5) are power splitters; (6) be the FPGA circuit board, (7) are filters.
The switching sequence figure of Fig. 2 for being adopted based on the four-dimensional antenna array of the Low Sidelobe of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), wherein dash area is represented switch conduction.
Fig. 3 is based on the four-dimensional antenna array of the Low Sidelobe of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) different transient state directional diagrams constantly in modulation period time.
Fig. 4 is based on the directional diagram of the four-dimensional antenna array of the Low Sidelobe of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) at centre frequency and positive and negative each 12 sideband, can obtain the Low Sidelobe directional diagram at center frequency-band through suitable narrow band filter.
Fig. 5 is at centre frequency and the positive the one the second sideband directional diagrams based on the four-dimensional antenna array of the Low Sidelobe of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT).
Fig. 6 is the four-dimensional antenna array structure chart of the multi-beam based on hilted broadsword eight throw switches among the present invention, and wherein (1) is antenna element, and (6) are the FPGA circuit boards, and (7) are filters, and (8) are that hilted broadsword eight is thrown the high-speed radio-frequency switch.
The switching sequence figure of Fig. 7 for being adopted based on the four-dimensional antenna array of the multi-beam of hilted broadsword eight throw switches, wherein dash area is represented switch conduction.
Fig. 8 is based on the centre frequency of the four-dimensional antenna array of multi-beam of hilted broadsword eight throw switches and the directional diagram of positive and negative each three sideband; Can in 7 frequency bands (wrapping center frequency-band and positive and negative each three sideband), launch the wave beam that perhaps receives 7 different sensings through suitable filters, realize multi-beam scanning.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: based on the four-dimensional antenna array structural design of 16 unit Low Sidelobe of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT)
With reference to Fig. 1, the four-dimensional antenna array that adopts 16 omni-directional array elements to constitute in the present embodiment.This array antenna mainly comprises an antenna element (1), phase shifter (2), variable amplitude attenuator (3), single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) (4), power splitter (5), FPGA circuit board (6) and filter (7).In this symmetric array structure, antenna element is that half-wavelength equidistantly distributes.Each 6 unit of the right and left (numbering 1-6 and 11-16) are controlled by single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), and middle four unit (numbering 7-10) do not connect switch.All switches are controlled by the FPGA circuit board.
Be different from traditional four-dimensional antenna array; Adopt single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) to control two-way antenna element passage simultaneously in this patent; For example the first left switch is controlled No. 1 and No. 6 antenna elements; Second switch control No. 2 and No. 5 unit, the 3rd switch control No. 3 and No. 4 unit, there is not the state of suspending in switch.Conversion through adopting optimized Algorithm to optimize single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) is selected; Can be under the situation of constant amplitude homophase feed the Low Sidelobe directional diagram of realization-30dB; Fig. 2 is the control timing that adopts each unit that optimized Algorithm optimization draws, and wherein black shade representes that partly switch is in conducting state.Need to prove that middle 7-10 number four unit are not owing to connect switch, their ON time is shown as whole conductings on Fig. 2.Fig. 3 is the four-dimensional antenna array of this Low Sidelobe different transient state directional diagrams constantly in modulation period time.Can find out that on scheming the transient state directivity factor of this array antenna is stable.Because this array antenna has 10 unit in running order always, the transient state directivity factor and the gain that can calculate this array antenna unit in conjunction with correlation formula are 10.Fig. 4 is the directional diagram of the four-dimensional antenna array of this Low Sidelobe at centre frequency and positive and negative each 12 sideband, can near centre frequency, obtain-the Low Sidelobe directional diagram of 30dB through suitable filters (7).In order to observe more intuitively the radiation characteristic of this antenna, Fig. 5 has provided the normalized radiation pattern of centre frequency and positive the one the second sidebands.Visible by Fig. 5, the directional diagram secondary lobe is-30dB on the centre frequency, simultaneously, the upper sideband level of the one the second sidebands is suppressed to-and below the 17.5dB.
In conjunction with Fig. 3 to Fig. 5; We can find that the directional diagram of this antenna is not modulated in side direction (0 ° of direction), thereby does not have sideband signals in this direction; On Fig. 3, show as beam peak and be stabilized in 10dB always, it is dark on Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, to show as sideband directional diagram zero.When this antenna is used to launch a bandwidth greater than the broadband signal of modulating frequency; Signal in side direction (0 ° of direction) is not modulated, and can not have the signal aliasing distortion phenomenon, can be come out by demodulation; And in the dark direction of non-side direction also non-zero; Have sideband signals, signal distorts owing to receiving modulation waveform, can not be come out by demodulation.According to this specific character, this antenna structure is applicable in the WiMAX secret signalling.
In the present embodiment, we are assumed to the transmitting-receiving of the four-dimensional antenna array in basic scheme array under the situation that amplitude-phase is even excitation and carry out, and array element to be half-wavelength equidistantly distribute.Array antenna among the present invention can also combine phase shifter (2) and attenuator (3) to realize other wave beam design, like ultralow secondary lobe wave beam, scanning beam, shaped-beam etc.
Embodiment 2: based on the four-dimensional antenna array constructional device of the unit 8 multi-beam of hilted broadsword eight throw switches
With reference to Fig. 6, adopt the four-dimensional antenna array that constitutes by 8 omni-directional array elements in the present embodiment, this array antenna structure is made up of 8 antenna elements (1), FPGA circuit board (6), filter (7) and hilted broadsword eight throw switches (8).Hilted broadsword eight throw switches are 8 unit of conducting successively, in a modulation period, and 0.125 cycle of each cell conduction.Fig. 7 is the control timing of each unit, and wherein black shade representes that partly switch is in conducting state.Fig. 8 is the directional diagram that numerical simulation obtains, and comprises the directional diagram of centre frequency and positive and negative each three sideband.Visible by Fig. 8, the signal of distinct sidebands points to different angles respectively, and their peak level differs in the 3dB level range.Because seven wave beams are distributed in different frequency bands,, can realize the simultaneous multiple beams scan function in the different frequency range through suitable dressing filter.Because each has only an antenna element constantly in work, the transient state directivity factor of this array antenna is 1.
In the present embodiment, we remove the phase shifter among the embodiment 1, attenuator, power splitter, and antenna element is reduced to 8, and adopt hilted broadsword eight throw switches to substitute single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT).In practical application, can be not limited to hilted broadsword eight throw switches.
More than be the description to the present invention and embodiment thereof that provides to the engineers and technicians that are familiar with field of the present invention, these descriptions should be considered to be illustrative, but not determinate.The thought that engineers and technicians can invent in claims is in view of the above done concrete operation enforcement, also can the above do a series of change to embodiment according to this naturally.Above-mentioned these all should be regarded as coverage of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. four-dimensional antenna array based on single pole multiple throw is characterized in that: it comprises that aerial array (1), phase shifter (2), variable amplitude attenuator (3), the hilted broadsword be made up of antenna element throw (comprising double-throw) switch (4), power splitter (5), FPGA circuit board (6) and filter (7) more; FPGA circuit board (6) is controlled the periodicity break-make of all single pole multiple throws (4); Each single pole multiple throw control a plurality of (comprising two) antenna element passage; Each selects conducting one paths constantly; There is not the state of suspending in switch, and realizes the amplitude and the phase weighting of antenna element through appropriate design switch conduction sequential; When four-dimensional antenna array is used to receive, isolate center frequency-band signal and sideband signals through filter (7), according to specifically being used as corresponding signal process; When four-dimensional antenna array was used to launch, filter (7) removed.
2. a kind of four-dimensional antenna array based on single pole multiple throw according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is with one group of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) and narrow band filter realization Low Sidelobe Pattern Synthesis.
3. a kind of four-dimensional antenna array based on single pole multiple throw according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is with hilted broadsword eight throw switches and the scanning of comb filter realization simultaneous multiple beams.
4. a kind of four-dimensional antenna array based on single pole multiple throw according to claim 1, its characteristic are that also it has stable transient state directivity factor, and signal that can array side direction (0 ° of direction) is modulated; When its transmitted bandwidth during greater than the broadband signal of modulating frequency, only the signal in side direction can be come out by demodulation, and other direction signals are because wave distortion can not be applicable to the WiMAX secret signalling by demodulation.
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