CN102714353A - Mimo天线 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
- H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
- H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
- H01Q5/364—Creating multiple current paths
- H01Q5/371—Branching current paths
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
- H01Q9/40—Element having extended radiating surface
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
- H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
Abstract
一种应用空间复用且尤其意图用于小型移动站的天线结构。该天线包括具有衬底(211、221)和辐射器(212、222)的两个天线组件(210、220),这些组件位于无线电设备的电路板(PCB)的相对边上。每个天线组件与无线电设备的接地平面(GND)构成部分天线,该部分天线的操作频带低于1GHz频率。部分天线的馈电点(FP1、FP2)和接地平面被布置为使得部分天线的“偶极轴”在所述操作频带的频率处具有明显不同的方向。小尺寸无线电设备的MIMO天线在低于1GHz的频率处的能力高于对应的已知天线,因为归因于部分天线的“偶极轴”的方向之间的差异,使得部分天线的信号之间的相关性相当低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种应用空间复用的天线结构,意图尤其用于小型移动站。
背景技术
空间复用意指一种技术,通过该技术将要被传送至无线电路径的数字信号划分为具有较低速率的至少两个信号,这些信号被提供有签名。然后,在相同的频率信道中,这些信号中的每一个都通过其自身的天线而被传送。也具有多于一个天线的接收机根据签名来构造不同的传送信号,并且然后将它们组合为原始信号。这样,可以增大频率信道的传输容量。可选地,该原理可以用于通过利用这些天线(空间分集)传送同一个信号来改进传输可靠性。将使用空间复用,即,在符合在3GPP(第3代合作伙伴计划)中产生的LTE标准(长期演进)的系统中。
空间复用中所需的天线结构被称为MIMO天线(多入多出)。这里要描述的MIMO天线包括小尺寸无线电设备的盖内部的两个部分天线。就这点来说,这种种类的天线结构不是新的。例如,图1示出了从文章“Actual Diversity Performance of a Multiband Diversity Antenna With Hand and Head Effects” (IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 57, NO. 5, MAY 2009, pp. 1547–1555)可知的MIMO天线。该MIMO天线包括第一天线组件110和第二天线组件120以及接地平面GND。每个天线组件包括拉长的衬底以及辐射器,其是衬底的导电涂层。天线组件位于无线电设备的矩形电路板PCB的相对端处,使得其纵向方向与电路板的较短边的方向相同。
第一天线组件110与接地平面GND一起构成单极型的第一部分天线,该第一部分天线包括第一辐射器112。第一部分天线的馈电点或者第一馈电点FP1位于电路板PCB上与其一个长边接近的天线组件110的一端处。第一辐射器112从第一馈电点经由第一衬底111的内侧表面上升至衬底的上表面,在那里,其分支为衬底的上表面上的部分和衬底的外侧表面上的部分。前一部分用于实现天线的较高操作频带,并且后一部分(其包括降低谐振频率的相对较密的曲折部分)用于实现天线的较低操作频带。此外,寄生辐射器处于第一衬底的表面上以用于成形较高操作频带。接地平面GND在电路板上延伸至接近于第一天线组件110,以使得其边缘处于天线组件旁边并具有与该组件相同的方向。
第二天线组件120与接地平面GND一起构成第二部分天线,该第二部分天线包括第二辐射器122。第二部分天线的馈电点或者第二馈电点FP2位于电路板PCB上接近于也与第一馈电点相同的其长边的天线组件120的一端处。第二辐射器122从第二馈电点经由第二衬底121的外侧表面上升至衬底的上表面,在那里其分支为两个部分。这些部分中的一个部分是板状的,并用于实现天线的较低操作频带,并且另一部分用于实现较高操作频带。第二辐射器在与第二馈电点FP2紧邻的短路点SP处连接至接地平面GND。接地平面GND在第二辐射器之下的电路板上延伸,因此,第二部分天线是PIFA型(平面倒F天线)的。此外,第二部分天线包括用于成形较高操作频带的寄生辐射器。
当然,MIMO天线的作用越好,部分天线的相互影响越小,或者部分天线之间的相关性就越低。另外,原理上,相关性越高,则部分天线彼此越接近。这意味着小型无线电设备中存在问题,因为在这些小型无线电设备中,天线不可避免地彼此相对接近。在多频带天线中,该问题特别关系到最低操作频带,因为在其频率处,与波长成比例的部分天线之间的距离最短。
鉴于上述原因,而且在根据图1的天线中,在较低操作频带中以及在自由空间中,部分天线之间的相关性非常高(图3,曲线32)。该结构的第二部分天线尤其已经被设计为改进分集。由于用户的手的影响,天线的效率自然降低。然而,而且,相关性在图1的结构中降低,该事态改进了分集增益,并且从而补偿了效率的降级。然而,部分天线之间的相关性的水平还不令人满意。
发明内容
本发明的目的是以新且有利方式实现MIMO天线。根据本发明的天线由独立权利要求1中阐述的内容表征。在其他权利要求中公开了本发明的一些有利实施例。
本发明的基本思想如下:天线包括具有衬底和辐射器的两个天线组件,这些组件位于无线电设备的电路板的相对边上。每个天线组件与无线电设备的接地平面构成部分天线,该部分天线的操作频带低于1 GHz的频率。部分天线的馈电点和接地平面被布置为使得部分天线的“偶极轴”在所述操作频带的频率处具有明显不同的方向。即,在这些频率处,部分天线是偶极状的,接地平面表示“偶极”的另一个臂。
本发明的优势在于:小尺寸无线电设备的MIMO天线在低于1 GHz的频率处的能力高于对应的已知天线。这是由于以下事实:由于部分天线的“偶极轴”的方向之间的差异,使得部分天线的信号之间的相关性相当低。
附图说明
以下更详细地描述本发明。在该描述中,参照了附图,在附图中:
图1呈现了根据现有技术的MIMO天线的示例;
图2呈现了根据本发明的MIMO天线的示例;
图3呈现了根据本发明的天线中的部分天线的信号之间的相关性的示例;
图4呈现了在根据本发明的天线中使用的天线组件的示例;
图5a、b呈现了根据本发明的天线的辐射图的示例;
图6呈现了根据本发明的天线的效率的示例;以及
图7呈现了根据本发明的MIMO天线的另一示例。
具体实施方式
已经结合现有技术的描述而描述了图1。
图2示出了根据本发明的MIMO天线的示例。该MIMO天线包括接地平面GND和两个拉长的天线组件210、220。它们位于无线电设备的矩形电路板PCB的相对端处,使得其纵向方向与电路板的横向方向或其较短边的方向相同。接地平面GND处于天线组件之间的电路板上,使得其延伸至与天线组件相对接近。那么,在该示例中,接地平面的边缘与这两个天线组件相距一定距离。
第一天线组件210包括第一衬底211和第一辐射器212,第一辐射器212为第一衬底的导电涂层。第一天线组件210与接地平面一起构成第一部分天线。第一部分天线的馈电点或者第一馈电点FP1位于电路板PCB上其一个较长边上的天线组件210的一端处,换言之,与电路板的宽度相比,同与所述较长边相对应的电路板的边缘相对更接近。第一辐射器212从第一馈电点经由第一衬底的内侧表面上升至衬底的上表面,在那里,其形成特定图案。辐射器还可以延伸至衬底的外侧表面和头表面。
第二天线组件220包括第二衬底221和第二辐射器222,第二辐射器222为第二衬底的导电涂层。第二天线组件与接地平面一起构成第二部分天线。第二部分天线的馈电点或者第二馈电点FP2位于电路板PCB上也与第一馈电点相同的其较长边上的天线组件220的一端处。第二辐射器从第二馈电点经由第二衬底的内侧表面上升至衬底的上表面,在那里,其形成特定图案,还延伸至衬底的外侧表面。第一和第二辐射器被设计为在低于1 GHz频率的相同频带中谐振。在形状上,辐射器可以是相对于天线组件之间的中线的彼此镜像。另一方面,如果馈电点的位置不是完全最优的,则可以通过使其辐射器具有适当不同的形状来改进或降低部分天线的信号之间的相关性。在图2的示例中,第二以及第一辐射器还包括用于实现天线的较高操作频带的臂。
以上,天线组件(和衬底)的“端”意指其部分,其以头表面为边界并且与组件的长度相比相对较短。衬底的“内”侧表面意指其处于电路板PCB的中间部分的边上的侧表面。
在图2中,第一部分天线和给其馈电的功率放大器PA1也被示作简单电路图。自然也可以针对第二部分天线绘制类似的图。
本发明的实质在于:部分天线的“偶极轴”被布置为在天线的较低操作频带或低于1 GHz的频带的频率处具有明显不同的方向。在这种情况下,实现了部分天线的信号之间的相当低的相关性,尽管与波长相比,部分天线之间的距离较短。偶极轴的方向这里意指下述这样的方向:在该方向上,如同由天线辐射器和接地平面形成的偶极的辐射中的电场强度处于其最小值。在图2中的电路板上,部分天线的“偶极轴”横跨接地平面沿对角线从其馈电点行进。电路板的相同边上的部分天线的馈电点的位置以及接地平面的形状是导致“偶极轴”的不同方向的因素。如果接地平面非常窄,则“偶极轴”将其自身过多地定位在相同方向上。此外,合适辐射器的形状对于部分天线的辐射图来说有重要意义,并且从而对于所述相关性来说有重要意义。即,接地平面中的电流的路线和强度(这些事态影响所形成的辐射图)部分地取决于辐射器。
在图3中,存在根据本发明的MIMO天线中的部分天线的信号之间的相关性的示例。曲线31示出了这种相关性,准确地说,在天线处于自由空间中时为包络互相关性或者包络相关性EC。在最优情况下,该相关性为0,并且最坏的可能值是1。从曲线中可见,在天线的较低操作频带700MHz至960 MHz的范围内,相关性在值0.12和0.3之间变化,平均小于0.2。
为了比较,在图3中存在曲线32,曲线32示出了根据图1的天线中的部分天线的信号之间的自由空间中的相关性。在较低操作频带中,测量仅涉及到GSM850系统的下行链路范围869MHz至894MHz,在该范围内,相关性EC大约平均为0.5。在根据本发明的结构中,在明显更好的所述范围内,相关性EC大约为0.2。
在较高操作频带的范围内,包络相关性在两个天线中均非常低。
图4示出了根据本发明的天线中使用的天线组件的示例。天线组件410包括衬底411以及作为其导电涂层的第一辐射器412和寄生辐射器413。第一辐射器41从位于天线组件的一端处的馈电点FP1经由衬底的侧表面上升至上表面,在此处形成图案,返回至侧表面,然后再次至上表面,并经由另一头表面至其从那开始的相同侧表面。因此,第一辐射器与接地平面构成单极天线。由组件410构成的天线的较低操作频带基于第一辐射器412的导体的谐振。此外,第一辐射器涉及实现较高操作频带,使得两个辐射槽保持处于其部分之间,这些槽在较高操作频带中谐振。寄生辐射器413用于展宽较高操作频带。其从紧邻馈电点FP1定位的短路点SP连接至接地平面。
中间导体415在沿第一辐射器412的大约半途处从第一辐射器412出现分支,该导体意图连接至天线的调整电路。利用该调整电路,可以对天线的较低操作频带进行移位,使得其覆盖当前所需的频带。
图5a和5b示出了根据本发明的天线的辐射图的示例。这些图涉及与图3中的相关性曲线31相同的天线。根据电场强度,在图5a中,存在第一部分天线的辐射图,而在图5b中,存在第二部分天线的辐射图。这两个辐射图均示出了电路板的平面或者xy平面中的辐射图。方向x是朝向第二部分天线的电路板的纵向方向,并且方向y是从馈电点的边朝向相对边的电路板的横向方向。起点处于电路板的中心处。在自由空间中以及在720 MHz频率处,这两个图均有效。当测量一个部分天线时,另一个部分天线已经连接至50 ?匹配电阻。
这两个辐射图均具有一个相对较深的最小值-13…-14 dB以及相反方向上的另一最小值。经过最小值而绘制的“偶极轴”之间的角度是162°–23°或者大约140°(或者其余角40°)。因此,这些方向明显彼此偏离,这在最小化相关性时是有益的。
图6示出了根据本发明的天线的效率的示例。在图4的描述中提及的可调整天线是所讨论的,在该天线中,可以将较低操作频带设置为700MHz至960MHz的整个范围内的四个不同位置。曲线61a、61b、61c和61d示出了在较低操作频带的这些四个替换范围中第一部分天线的效率的波动。对应地,曲线62a、62b、62c和62d示出了在所述替换范围内第二部分天线的效率的波动。当已经选择范围820MHz至880MHz时,该效率是最佳的,而当已经选择范围700MHz至760MHz时,该效率是最差的。第一部分天线的效率的总体波动大约为-4.3dB至-2.1dB,且第二部分天线的效率中的总体波动大约为-5.3dB至-2.5dB。这些值在自由空间中有效。
图7示出了根据本发明的MIMO天线的另一示例。该MIMO天线包括接地平面GND以及两个拉长的天线组件710、720。在这种情况下,它们位于无线电设备的电路板PCB的相同端处,在电路板的相对的较长边上。因此,天线组件的纵向方向与电路板的纵向方向相同。接地平面处于天线组件之间的电路板上,在该示例中,在天线组件之下延伸。
第一天线组件710包括衬底和第一辐射器712,第一辐射器712是其导电涂层。第一天线组件与接地平面GND一起构成第一部分天线。其馈电点或者第一馈电点FP1位于电路板PCB上的天线组件710的一端处,处于天线组件的内侧表面的边上。对应地,第二天线组件720包括衬底和第二辐射器722,第二辐射器722为其导电涂层。第二天线组件与接地平面一起构成第二部分天线。其馈电点或者第二馈电点FP2位于电路板PCB上的天线组件720的一端处,处于天线组件的内侧表面的边上。在图7中,这两个馈电点均位于电路板的一个较短的边上,换言之,同与所述较短的边相对应的电路板的边缘相对接近。
这里,辐射器是彼此的镜像,使得在形状上,第一辐射器712是第二辐射器722关于平面的镜像图像,该平面具有第二天线组件720的纵向方向的方向并与电路板垂直。尤其是在这种情况下,当天线组件比在图2的示例中彼此明显更接近地定位时,该特征是优选的。
以上已经描述了根据本发明的MIMO天线。详细地,其结构自然可以与所呈现的内容不同。辐射元件的形状可以极大地变化。辐射器还可以连接至地,使得取代单极天线,形成IFA(倒F天线)或环形天线。天线组件不必精确平行且准确地位于电路板边缘处。电路板不必准确地为矩形。本发明不限制天线的制造方式。本发明的思想可以以不同方式在独立要求1所阐述的范围内适用。
Claims (8)
1.一种无线电设备的天线,所述天线包括具有第一衬底(211)和第一辐射器(212;712)的第一天线组件(210;710)、具有第二衬底(221)和第二辐射器(222;722)的第二天线组件(220;720)、以及所述天线组件之间的接地平面(GND),所述第一天线组件与所述接地平面构成具有第一馈电点(FP1)的第一部分天线,且所述第二天线组件与所述接地平面构成具有第二馈电点(FP2)的第二部分天线,这两个部分天线均具有低于1 GHz频率的操作频带,且这些天线组件位于所述无线电设备的电路板(PCB)的不同边上以降低部分天线的信号之间的相关性,其特征在于:进一步降低在所述操作频带中部分天线的信号之间的相关性,所述馈电点位于所述电路板(PCB)的相同边上,所述第一馈电点(FP1)处于所述第一天线组件(210;710)的一端处,且所述第二馈电点(FP2)处于所述第二天线组件(220;720)的一端处。
2.根据权利要求1所述的天线,其中,所述电路板被拉长为使得其具有纵向方向和横向方向,其特征在于,所述天线组件(210、220)的纵向方向与所述电路板的横向方向实质上相同,且部分天线的馈电点(FP1、FP2)所位于的电路板的所述边是所述电路板的纵向边。
3.根据权利要求1所述的天线,其中,所述电路板被拉长为使得其具有纵向和横向方向,其特征在于,所述天线组件(710、720)的纵向方向与所述电路板的纵向方向实质上相同,且部分天线的馈电点(FP1、FP2)所位于的电路板的所述边是所述电路板的横向边。
4.根据权利要求1所述的天线,其特征在于,在形状上,所述第一辐射器(721)是所述第二辐射器(722)关于平面的镜像图像,所述平面具有所述第二天线组件(720)的纵向方向的方向并与所述电路板垂直。
5.根据权利要求1所述的天线,其特征在于,所述部分天线是单极天线。
6.根据权利要求5所述的天线,其特征在于,每个部分天线还包括调整电路,所述调整电路连接至所述辐射器以在当前所需的范围内设置所述操作频带。
7.根据权利要求5所述的天线,其特征在于,所述辐射器被成形为还在大约2GHz的频率范围内谐振,以实现天线的较高操作频带。
8.根据权利要求5所述的天线,其特征在于,所述部分天线还包括寄生辐射器(413)以展宽较高操作频带。
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CN104112905B (zh) * | 2013-04-19 | 2017-02-08 | 耀登电通科技(昆山)有限公司 | 多天线结构 |
WO2015188562A1 (zh) * | 2014-06-11 | 2015-12-17 | 小米科技有限责任公司 | Mimo天线和电子设备 |
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WO2017008502A1 (zh) * | 2015-07-10 | 2017-01-19 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | 一种多输入多输出天线结构和终端 |
CN112585817A (zh) * | 2018-10-10 | 2021-03-30 | 株式会社友华 | 天线、天线装置、以及车载用天线装置 |
CN109449610A (zh) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-03-08 | 歌尔股份有限公司 | 一种天线装置和电子设备 |
US11095026B2 (en) | 2019-01-31 | 2021-08-17 | Sernet (Suzhou) Technologies Corporation | Communication device with extended grounding structure to enhance antenna performance |
CN113540790A (zh) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-10-22 | 深圳市宏电技术股份有限公司 | Mimo天线及电子设备 |
CN113540790B (zh) * | 2021-04-26 | 2023-12-29 | 深圳市宏电技术股份有限公司 | Mimo天线及电子设备 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI20096251A0 (sv) | 2009-11-27 |
EP2504884B1 (en) | 2018-11-14 |
EP2504884A1 (en) | 2012-10-03 |
EP2504884A4 (en) | 2017-08-09 |
WO2011064444A1 (en) | 2011-06-03 |
CN102714353B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
US9461371B2 (en) | 2016-10-04 |
KR20120088851A (ko) | 2012-08-08 |
US20130044036A1 (en) | 2013-02-21 |
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