CN102798601A - Soil organic matter detection apparatus and detection method - Google Patents
Soil organic matter detection apparatus and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102798601A CN102798601A CN2012102863444A CN201210286344A CN102798601A CN 102798601 A CN102798601 A CN 102798601A CN 2012102863444 A CN2012102863444 A CN 2012102863444A CN 201210286344 A CN201210286344 A CN 201210286344A CN 102798601 A CN102798601 A CN 102798601A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil organic matter detection apparatus, which comprises a sampling vehicle, a sampling module arranged at the bottom of the sampling vehicle, an illumination probe module used for emitting detection light to the soil sample in the sampling module, a spectrum acquisition module used for receiving the soil sample reflected light, and a spectrum processing module used for receiving and processing the signals from the spectrum acquisition module. The structure of the soil organic matter detection apparatus is compact, the used LED spot light source has the characteristics of less energy consumption, strong stability and strong mobility, and the detection apparatus is suitable for on-site detection, and the detection structure is not influenced by external light. The invention also discloses a method for detecting the soil organic matter by using the soil organic matter detection apparatus, the method has the advantages of high detection precision, fast speed and strong stability, and can realize the real time monitoring of the soil organic matter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the soil detection range, be specifically related to a kind of soil organism pick-up unit and detection method.
Background technology
The soil organism is the important composition composition of solid phase of soil part, is one of important indicator of reflection soil fertility height, has vital role for aspects such as improving soil physical property, raising soil fertilizer ability.
Although the content of the soil organism only accounts for the very little part of soil total amount, it is significant to aspects such as soil formation, environmental protection and agriculture and forestry sustainable developments.
The content of the soil organism is widely different in different soils, and content is high reaches (like peat soil, the forest soil that some is fertile etc.) more than 20～30%, the less than 0.5～1% (like desert soil and aeolian sandy soil etc.) that content is low.In pedology, generally call organic soil to the soil of the content of organic matter in the arable layer more than 20%, the content of organic matter is called mineral soil at the soil below 20%.
The soil organism generally exists with three types of states:
(1) fresh organism: get into the residual body of animal and plant that is not decomposed by microorganism as yet in the soil, they are still keeping characteristics such as original form;
(2) organism that decomposes: through the decomposition of microorganism; Make the residual body of animal and plant that gets in the soil lose characteristics such as original form, organic matter part decomposes, and tangles each other; Be brown, comprise organic decomposition product and new synthetic simple organic compound;
(3) soil ulmin: organic process microorganism is decomposed back and synthetic more a kind of brown or dun macromolecular colloid material, combines closely with the soil mineral grogs, and be the main morphotype of soil organism existence, account for 85% of soil organism total amount.
Application number a kind of pre-treating samples in moveable-type soil detection that has been 200910156632.6 disclosure of the Invention; May further comprise the steps: a, obtain pedotheque at soil surveying point place; And place it on the well heater, said well heater is arranged on the grinding unit; B, said well heater oven dry pedotheque; C, mobile said well heater or sieve import grinding unit with pedotheque; Utilize grinding unit to grind its inner pedotheque; D, make sieve in running order, the said grinding unit that overturns sieves the pedotheque after grinding.
Application number is that the utility model of 200920295569.X discloses The pretreatment device in a kind of moveable-type soil detection, and said pretreatment unit comprises: be used for splendid attire and the grinding unit that grinds pedotheque; Be used to screen the sieve that grinds the back pedotheque; Be used to place, heat the well heater of pedotheque; Said well heater and sieve are arranged on the grinding unit.
Existing soil organic matter content is measured based on chemical analysis method, needs professional's sample preparation, and has that sample preparation is loaded down with trivial details, detection time long and detect shortcoming such as cost height.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of soil organism pick-up unit and detection method, can realize the field quick detection that pedotheque is organic, simple to operate, easy to use.
A kind of soil organism pick-up unit comprises:
The sampling car;
Be installed in the sampling module of said sampling car bottom;
Be used for illumination probe module to the pedotheque emitting detection light of sampling module;
Be used to receive the catoptrical spectra collection module of pedotheque;
Be used to receive and handle spectral manipulation module from the signal of said spectra collection module.
Said sampling module is installed in sampling car bottom; In the process that the sampling car advances, can take a sample and sample making course by disposable completion pedotheque, after the pedotheque sample preparation was accomplished, said illumination probe module was to the detection light of pedotheque emission specific wavelength; After the pedotheque reflection, obtain reflected light; Said spectra collection module is gathered reflected light, by said spectral manipulation module the catoptrical signal of being gathered is handled, and obtains the content of organic matter of pedotheque.
As preferably; Said illumination probe module is included in LED pointolite array and the condenser lens of arranging successively on the light path; Said LED pointolite array comprises each one of the led light source of 420nm, 450nm, 486nm, 583nm, 650nm, 740nm, 920nm and 1130nm, and all led light sources are circular arrangement and evenly distribute.
Said LED electric light source array sends the detection light of different wave length, exposes on the pedotheque after the detection light line focus lens focus of different wave length.
As preferably, the optical axis of every led light source and the axis of said annular are in angle of 45 degrees.
The optical axis of said every led light source and the axis of said annular in angle of 45 degrees, i.e. the axes intersect of the optical axis of all led light sources and said annular, this intersection point is positioned at the detection light light path working direction that led light source sends.
As preferably, said spectra collection module comprises the light sensor that receives the catoptrical optical fiber of sample and receive signal that this optical fiber transmits.
The detection light of the corresponding different wave length of said light sensor is provided with; Be that corresponding wavelength 420nm, 450nm, 486nm, 583nm, 650nm, 740nm, 920nm and 1130nm are respectively equipped with light sensor, said light sensor receives the reflected light from the different wave length of pedotheque.
As preferably; Said sampling module comprises camera bellows, compact heap and the twin wrest that connects successively along sampling car working direction; Said camera bellows bottom surface has thief hatch, and the signals collecting end of said LED pointolite array, condenser lens and optical fiber all is arranged in said camera bellows.
When the sampling car advanced, said twin wrest was removed upper soll layer earlier, utilizes said compact heap with the pedotheque compacting; The sampling car moves on, and the pedotheque of removing topsoil and compacting gets in the said camera bellows said LED pointolite array emitting detection light; Expose to pedotheque after the line focus lens focus; Obtain reflected light after the pedotheque reflection, said fiber-optic signal collection terminal is gathered reflected light signal, and this signal is through Optical Fiber Transmission to spectral manipulation module; After treatment, obtain the pedotheque content of organic matter.
Pedotheque places said camera bellows, and the interference of having avoided extraneous light to gather for the pedotheque reflected light signal improves the degree of accuracy that the pedotheque content of organic matter is measured.
As preferably, said sampling cutting thread is combined with the leading screw of vertical layout, and the bottom of said leading screw and said compact heap are rotatably assorted and axial limiting, and the top of said leading screw is fixed with rotating handles.
Rotate said rotating handles, can regulate the height of said compact heap, also promptly regulate the soil packing degree with respect to soil.When the sampling car advanced, said twin wrest was removed upper soll layer earlier, and compact heap marches to this soil surface; Through rotating rotating handles, compact heap is descended, with the pedotheque compacting; The sampling car moves on, and the pedotheque of removing topsoil and compacting gets in the said camera bellows.
More convenient for the compacting that makes pedotheque, preferably, the bottom surface of said compact heap is the inclined-plane, and this inclined-plane one side is connected with the bottom surface of twin wrest is concordant, and opposite side reduces gradually.When said sampling car advanced, after twin wrest was removed upper soll layer, compact heap marched to this soil, owing to the side of compact heap away from twin wrest reduces gradually, when advancing in sampling garage, can accomplish the compacting of pedotheque simultaneously.
A kind of soil organism pick-up unit of the present invention compact conformation, used LED pointolite less energy consumption and stability are strong, and movability is strong; Be fit to on-the-spot the detection, detection architecture is not disturbed by extraneous light, and accuracy of detection is high; Speed is fast, can satisfy the demand that soil organic matter content is detected in real time.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of utilizing described soil organism pick-up unit to detect the soil organism, comprises the steps:
(1) utilizes said sampling module collection soil sample, utilize said illumination probe module to the detection light of pedotheque emission wavelength for 420nm, 450nm, 486nm, 583nm, 650nm, 740nm, 920nm and 1130nm;
(2) utilize said spectra collection module to receive the reflected light of pedotheque, utilize the spectral manipulation module to extract the reflectivity of pedotheque at the different wave length place;
(3) utilize the spectral manipulation module that the gained reflectivity is obtained the pedotheque content of organic matter through
Equation for Calculating;
Wherein, C is the pedotheque content of organic matter;
λ i is for detecting light wavelength;
R (λ i) is the detection reflection of light rate of wavelength X i;
a
0～a
7Be respectively :-111.6,124.2,6.4 ,-633.8 ,-367.5,918.9 ,-206.4,117.6;
B is: 32.2.
Through extracting pedotheque is the detection reflection of light information of 420nm, 450nm, 486nm, 583nm, 650nm, 740nm, 920nm and 1130nm to wavelength; Obtain the reflectivity of pedotheque, the gained reflectivity is brought into
and calculated the pedotheque content of organic matter at the different wave length place.
Said
Middle coefficient a
0～a
7And b utilizes the PLS modeling to obtain through after testing the different soils sample content of organic matter.
As preferably, before said pedotheque emitting detection light, strike off pedotheque superficial layer and compacting.The content of organic matter of pedotheque superficial layer is different from pedotheque, after the pedotheque superficial layer is removed, reduces the error that the pedotheque content of organic matter is measured.The pedotheque compacting can be avoided the errors caused of different shatter value samples.
Soil organism detection method provided by the invention, accuracy of detection is high, and speed is fast, and stability is strong, can realize the real-time monitoring of the soil organism.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of soil organism pick-up unit of the present invention synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is a kind of soil organism pick-up unit of the present invention sampling module synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, a kind of soil organism pick-up unit of the present invention is done detailed description.
A kind of soil organism pick-up unit of the present invention, comprise the sampling car, be installed in sampling car bottom sampling module, be used for to the pedotheque emitting detection light of sampling module the illumination probe module, be used to receive the catoptrical spectra collection module of pedotheque and be used to receive and handle spectral manipulation module from the signal of spectra collection module.
The sampling car comprises car body 15 and wheel 1, and conveniently moving is suitable for the organic in-site measurement of pedotheque.
The illumination probe module is included in LED pointolite array and the condenser lens of arranging successively on the light path; The LED pointolite array comprise 420nm, 450nm, 486nm, 583nm, 650nm, 740nm, 920nm and 1130nm led light source each one; All led light sources are circular arrangement and evenly distribute, and the optical axis of every led light source and the axis of annular are in angle of 45 degrees.
Be provided with constant-current supply 14 and power regulator device 13 in the car body, produce the 24v direct current, supply power to the LED pointolite.
The spectra collection module comprises the light sensor 7 that receives the catoptrical optical fiber 2 of sample and receive this optical fiber 2 signal that transmits; The detection light of light sensor 7 corresponding LED pointolite different wave lengths is provided with; Be that corresponding wavelength 420nm, 450nm, 486nm, 583nm, 650nm, 740nm, 920nm and 1130nm are respectively equipped with light sensor 7, the reflected light that light sensor 7 receives from the different wave length of pedotheque.
Sampling module comprises camera bellows 17, compact heap 19 and the twin wrest 20 that connects successively along sampling car working direction; Camera bellows 17, compact heap 19 and twin wrest 20 can be one-body molded, also can be welded into a whole, and camera bellows 17 bottom surfaces have thief hatch; The signals collecting end of LED pointolite array, condenser lens and optical fiber 2 all is arranged in camera bellows 17; Camera bellows 17 tops are provided with through hole 16, and optical fiber 2 runs through this through hole 16, make the signals collecting end of optical fiber 2 be arranged in camera bellows 17.
The sampling cutting thread is combined with the leading screw 6 of vertical layout, and the bottom of leading screw 6 and compact heap 19 are rotatably assorted and axial limiting, and compact heap 19 tops are provided with the perforate 18 with leading screw 6 threaded engagement, and the top of leading screw 6 is fixed with rotating handles 8.
The bottom surface of compact heap 19 is the inclined-plane, and this inclined-plane one side is connected with the bottom surface of twin wrest 20 is concordant, and opposite side reduces gradually.
Spectra collection module and spectral manipulation module are positioned at the sampling car; Illumination probe module of the present invention, spectra collection module and spectral manipulation module are consuming parts; In order to guarantee the operate as normal of illumination probe module, spectra collection module and spectral manipulation module; All be not connected with the power supply that is complementary having to be to be understood that under the prerequisite of specified otherwise for illumination probe module, spectra collection module and spectral manipulation module; Illumination probe module, spectra collection module and spectral manipulation module can adopt same general supply; Also power supply can be set separately according to actual needs, or realize the transmission of power supply signal through the circuit between illumination probe module, spectra collection module and the spectral manipulation module.Spatial relation between each consuming parts does not have strict restriction, but adopts the higher circuit arrangement of integrated level as much as possible for the ease of processing and installation.
Sampling also is provided with corresponding spectra collection module switch 12, the master switch 11 of whole soil organism pick-up unit and spectral manipulation resume module result's display screen 10 on the car.
The spectral manipulation module comprises circuit board PCM-9361, carries out communication through com port and RS232 line and display screen 10, and circuit board PCM-9361 gives display screen 10 power supplies through the USB line, and circuit board PCM-9361 writes data/read data memory through data line.
When a kind of soil organism pick-up unit of the present invention is worked, move the sampling car to needing the organic sampled point of measured soil, twin wrest 20 is removed the soil surface layer; The soil compression that compact heap 19 will go out behind the scalping obtains pedotheque, and pedotheque moves in the camera bellows 17, and the illumination probe module is close to pedotheque; Open master switch 11,, open spectra collection module switch 12 to the detection light of pedotheque emission different wave length; Detect light after the pedotheque reflection; Gather reflected signals through optical fiber 2 and be passed to the spectral manipulation module, after the spectral manipulation resume module, the content of organic matter of pedotheque is presented on the display screen 10.
The present invention utilizes said soil organism pick-up unit to detect the method for the soil organism, and 8, a kind of utilization as the method for the arbitrary described soil organism pick-up unit detection soil organism of claim 1～7, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) utilizes said sampling module collection soil sample, utilize said illumination probe module to the detection light of pedotheque emission wavelength for 420nm, 450nm, 486nm, 583nm, 650nm, 740nm, 920nm and 1130nm;
(2) utilize said spectra collection module to receive the reflected light of pedotheque, utilize the spectral manipulation module to extract the reflectivity of pedotheque at the different wave length place;
(3) utilize the spectral manipulation module that the gained reflectivity is obtained the pedotheque content of organic matter through
Equation for Calculating;
Wherein, C is the pedotheque content of organic matter;
λ i is for detecting light wavelength;
R (λ i) is the detection reflection of light rate of wavelength X i;
a
0～a
7Be respectively :-111.6,124.2,6.4 ,-633.8 ,-367.5,918.9 ,-206.4,117.6;
B is: 32.2.
The soil organic matter content unit that is calculated by this formula is g/kg.
The index of correlation of utilizing method provided by the invention to set up model is seen table 1; Wherein, When the modeling set representations was set up model, the content of organic matter match that utilizes reflectivity and the existing method test of pedotheque to obtain obtained model equation, and forecast set is represented; After having set up model, use pedotheque to obtain typical curve according to the content of organic matter match that model equation obtains.
Table 1
Utilize apparatus and method provided by the invention that the pedotheque content of organic matter is tested, test result is seen table 2.
Table 2
By table 2 data, can find out that the data of utilizing soil organic matter content that the inventive method records and the test of existing method to obtain are approaching, utilize the present invention can fast measuring soil with organic matter content, reliable results.
Claims (9)
1. a soil organism pick-up unit is characterized in that, comprising:
The sampling car;
Be installed in the sampling module of said sampling car bottom;
Be used for illumination probe module to the pedotheque emitting detection light of sampling module;
Be used to receive the catoptrical spectra collection module of pedotheque;
Be used to receive and handle spectral manipulation module from the signal of said spectra collection module.
2. soil organism pick-up unit as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said illumination probe module is included in LED pointolite array and the condenser lens of arranging successively on the light path; Said LED pointolite array comprises each one of the led light source of 420nm, 450nm, 486nm, 583nm, 650nm, 740nm, 920nm and 1130nm, and all led light sources are circular arrangement and evenly distribute.
3. soil organism pick-up unit as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the optical axis of every led light source and the axis of said annular are in angle of 45 degrees.
4. soil organism pick-up unit as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, said spectra collection module comprises the light sensor that receives the catoptrical optical fiber of sample and receive signal that this optical fiber transmits.
5. soil organism pick-up unit as claimed in claim 4; It is characterized in that; Said sampling module comprises camera bellows, compact heap and the twin wrest that connects successively along sampling car working direction; Said camera bellows bottom surface has thief hatch, and the signals collecting end of said LED pointolite array, condenser lens and optical fiber all is arranged in said camera bellows.
6. soil organism pick-up unit as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that said sampling cutting thread is combined with the leading screw of vertical layout, and the bottom of said leading screw and said compact heap are rotatably assorted and axial limiting, and the top of said leading screw is fixed with rotating handles.
7. soil organism pick-up unit as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, the bottom surface of said compact heap is the inclined-plane, and this inclined-plane one side is connected with the bottom surface of twin wrest is concordant, and opposite side reduces gradually.
8. the arbitrary described soil organism pick-up unit of utilization such as claim 1～7 detects the method for the soil organism, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) utilizes said sampling module collection soil sample, utilize said illumination probe module to the detection light of pedotheque emission wavelength for 420nm, 450nm, 486nm, 583nm, 650nm, 740nm, 920nm and 1130nm;
(2) utilize said spectra collection module to receive the reflected light of pedotheque, utilize the spectral manipulation module to extract the reflectivity of pedotheque at the different wave length place;
(3) utilize the spectral manipulation module that the gained reflectivity is obtained the pedotheque content of organic matter through
Equation for Calculating;
Wherein, C is the pedotheque content of organic matter;
λ i is for detecting light wavelength;
R (λ i) is the detection reflection of light rate of wavelength X i;
a
0～a
7Be respectively :-111.6,124.2,6.4 ,-633.8 ,-367.5,918.9 ,-206.4,117.6;
B is: 32.2.
9. the method for the detection soil organism as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, before said pedotheque emitting detection light, strikes off pedotheque superficial layer and compacting.
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| CN103234922A (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2013-08-07 | 浙江大学 | Rapid soil organic matter detection method based on large sample soil visible-near infrared spectrum classification |
| CN103528974A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2014-01-22 | 浙江工业大学 | Method and device for determining content of organic matters in black soil in Northeast China based on spectral characteristic wavelength |
| CN103528966A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2014-01-22 | 浙江工业大学 | Spectrum collection method and spectrum collection method for organic matters of soil depth cylindrical surface |
| CN104089968A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-10-08 | 上海化工研究院 | Device for detecting heavy metal in soil on site by rotary bucket type XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) method |
| CN104181109A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-12-03 | 浙江大学 | Device for testing hyperspectrum of earth pillar in field |
| CN103471990B (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2015-10-28 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | The On-line Measuring Method of the salinization soil content of organic matter |
| CN105319172A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2016-02-10 | 中国计量学院 | Soil nutrient detection device based on visible-near infrared spectroscopy |
| CN106248468A (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2016-12-21 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of detection method of humic acids from different soils content |
| CN106644962A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-05-10 | 浙江大学 | Vehicle-mounted miniature furrow plough device for continuously testing in-situ rice soil hyper-spectrum outdoors |
| CN109799323A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-05-24 | 陕西迈拓克能源科技有限公司 | A kind of soil acidity or alkalinity detection device |
| CN110793809A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-02-14 | 核工业二七0研究所 | Site pollution detection system and detection method |
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| CN103471990B (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2015-10-28 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | The On-line Measuring Method of the salinization soil content of organic matter |
| CN103528966B (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-10-28 | 浙江工业大学 | The organic spectra collection method in the depth of soil face of cylinder and device thereof |
| CN103528974A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2014-01-22 | 浙江工业大学 | Method and device for determining content of organic matters in black soil in Northeast China based on spectral characteristic wavelength |
| CN103528966A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2014-01-22 | 浙江工业大学 | Spectrum collection method and spectrum collection method for organic matters of soil depth cylindrical surface |
| CN104089968A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-10-08 | 上海化工研究院 | Device for detecting heavy metal in soil on site by rotary bucket type XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) method |
| CN104181109A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-12-03 | 浙江大学 | Device for testing hyperspectrum of earth pillar in field |
| CN104181109B (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2016-04-20 | 浙江大学 | For the device of field test earth pillar EO-1 hyperion |
| CN105319172A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2016-02-10 | 中国计量学院 | Soil nutrient detection device based on visible-near infrared spectroscopy |
| CN105319172B (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2018-02-16 | 中国计量学院 | Soil nutrient detection means based on visible and near infrared spectrum technology |
| CN106248468A (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2016-12-21 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of detection method of humic acids from different soils content |
| CN106644962A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-05-10 | 浙江大学 | Vehicle-mounted miniature furrow plough device for continuously testing in-situ rice soil hyper-spectrum outdoors |
| CN109799323A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-05-24 | 陕西迈拓克能源科技有限公司 | A kind of soil acidity or alkalinity detection device |
| CN110793809A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-02-14 | 核工业二七0研究所 | Site pollution detection system and detection method |
| CN110793809B (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2022-02-15 | 核工业二七0研究所 | Site pollution detection system and detection method |
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