CN102859250A - Coated sleeved oil and gas well production devices - Google Patents

Abstract

A coated sleeved oil and gas well production device includes an oil and gas well production device including one or more bodies and one or more sleeves proximal to the outer or inner surface of the one or more bodies, and a coating on at least a portion of the inner sleeve surface, outer sleeve surface, or a combination thereof, wherein the coating is chosen from an amorphous alloy, a heat-treated electro less or electro plated based nickel-phosphorous composite with a phosphorous content greater than 12 wt%, graphite, MoS2, WS2, a fullerene based composite, a boride based cermet, a quasicrystalline material, a diamond based material, diamond-like-carbon (DLC), boron nitride, and combinations thereof. The devices may provide for reduced friction, wear, erosion, corrosion, and deposits for well construction, completion and production of oil and gas.

Description

Band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through applying

Technical field

Present disclosure relates to the field of Oil/gas Well production operation.Present disclosure relates more specifically to use the band sleeve means through applying, and is used for reducing friction, wearing and tearing, burn into erosion and deposition in the Oil/gas Well production operation.This type of band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through applying can be used on drilling equipment, sea risers system, tubular article (sleeve pipe, oil pipe and drill string), well head, production tree and valve, completion tubular column and equipment, stratum and sandstone face completion equipment, artificial lift equipment and well servicing equipment.

Background technique

There is basic mechanical problem in Oil/gas Well production, its correction, repairing or anticorrosion may high cost or or even forbid.Friction is ubiquitous in the oil field, be in the device wearing and tearing of moving contact and lose their original size, and device can be because erosion, corrosion and deposition and deteriorated.These all are the obstacles that successfully operates, and it can come anticorrosion by the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through applying of optionally using as described below.

Drilling equipment:

After the hydrocarbon district that special position is defined as expecting, production operation is with motion and the operation beginning of rig.In rotary drill-well operation, drill bit is attached to the end of shaft bottom drill tool assembly, and this shaft bottom drill tool assembly is attached to the drill string that comprises drilling pipe and tool-joint.Drill string can rotate by rotating platform or top drive unit in the surface, and the weight of drill string and shaft bottom drill tool assembly causes roller bit to be holed in earth.Along with operation is carried out, drill string is increased new drill pipe section, in order to increase its total length.During drill-well operation, termly the boring of opening is added sleeve pipe, use so that wall is stable, and recover drill-well operation.As a result, drill string is usually not only in the boring (" naked hole ") of opening but also be installed in the sleeve pipe (" adding collar aperture ") in the boring and operate.Selectively be that coiled tubing can replace the drill string in the drilling well assembly.The combination of drill string and shaft bottom drill tool assembly or coiled tubing and shaft bottom drill tool assembly is referred to herein as drill rod assemblies.The rotation of drill string provides power through drill string and shaft bottom drill tool assembly to drill bit.In the coiled tubing drilling well, power is delivered to drill bit by drilling fluid.The amount of the power that can transmit by rotation is subject to the restriction of the Maximum Torque that drill string or coiled tubing can bear.

In selectable and the boring method that is of little use, sleeve pipe itself is used for piercing in the stratum.Cutting element attaches to casing shoe, and sleeve pipe can rotate, in order to rotate cutting element.In the following discussion, will comprise for " the well casing tubing string " that drill through the stratum with " adding simultaneously sleeve pipe in drilling well " method quoting of drill rod assemblies.

During subsurface formations boring, the two carries out a large amount of sliding contacts drill rod assemblies and Steel Sleeve and rock stratum.This sliding contact is mainly caused by rotation and the axial motion of drill rod assemblies in boring.Friction between the static surface on the moving surface of drill rod assemblies and sleeve pipe and stratum produces at drilling rod and sizablely drags effect and cause excessive moment of torsion and drag effect during drill-well operation.The problem that causes of friction is intrinsic in any drill-well operation, but in the well that well that orientation drills through or large displacement drill through (ERD) trouble especially.Orientation drills through or ERD is that well is from the vertical skew of having a mind to.In some cases, inclination (with the angle of vertical formation) can be as big as 90 degree.This type of well is commonly referred to horizontal well and can gets into sizable degree of depth and sizable distance from drill platform.

In all drill-well operations, drill rod assemblies is tended to lay against boring or the sidepiece of casing, but in the well that orientation drills through, and this tendency is because Action of Gravity Field and much bigger.Drilling rod also can be laid against wall or the sleeve pipe of boring in the high zone of the local curvature of the wall of holing or sleeve pipe partly.Along with length or the vertical departure degree increase of drill string, the amount of friction that the drill rod assemblies of rotation produces also increases.The zone that local curvature increases can increase the amount of the friction that is produced by the drill rod assemblies of rotating.Increase in order to overcome this friction, need extra power to come the rotary drill rod assembly.In some cases, the rubbing action between drill rod assemblies and casing wall or the boring surpasses Maximum Torque that drill rod assemblies can bear and/or the maximum torque capacity of rig, and must stop drill-well operation.As a result, utilize the degree of depth of the well that available directed drilling equipment and technology can drill through finally to be subjected to frictional limited.

Carry out a tubing string of sliding contact campaign or the inner cylinder tube that more generally moves is common geometrical construction among these operations wherein several with respect to outer tube in outer cylinder.For a kind of art methods that reduces the friction that is caused by the sliding contact between the tubing string be: the lubricity of improving circulation.In industrial operation, to have attempted mainly reducing friction by utilizing based on the drilling fluid solution of water and/or oil, this drilling fluid solution contains the additive of various types of costlinesses and common not environmental protection.For the many additives in these additives, the lubricity of the increase that obtains from these additives reduces along with the increase of borehole temperature.Usually use diesel oil and other mineral oil as oiling agent, but the problem that can exist drilling fluid to process, and these fluids also lose lubricity at elevated temperatures.Known some mineral help to reduce the friction between the boring of drill rod assemblies and unlatching such as bentonite.Used the material such as polytetrafluoroethylene to reduce the sliding contact friction; Yet, these material shortage durability and intensity.Other additive comprises vegetable oil, pitch, graphite, washing agent, glass bead and walnut shell, but these all have the narrow limitation of himself.

Another art methods that is used for the friction between the minimizing pipe is: use aluminium to be used for drill string, because the aluminum ratio steel is light.Yet aluminium is expensive and may be difficult to use in drill-well operation, and its wear resistance is not as steel, and itself and many fluid types (such as, have the fluid of high pH) incompatible.In addition, the industry has been developed the outside device of tubing string interior " floating " of inner sleeve tubing string of sening as an envoy to, but in this operation period, circulation is restricted and it can't be fit to pore-forming technique.

Another method for the friction between the tubing string that reduces pipe is: use hard facing material (this paper is also referred to as and adds hard formation or hard mask) at interior tubing string.U.S. Patent No. 4,665,996 disclose the hard mask that uses the main bearing surface that is applied to drilling pipe, the full text of this patent is incorporated this paper by reference into, wherein alloy have molybdenum, the 1-18% of cobalt, the 25-35% of following component: 50-65% chromium, 2-10% silicon and be lower than 0.1% carbon, to be used for reducing the friction between tubing string and sleeve pipe or the rock.As a result, the needed moment of torsion of rotary drill-well operation, especially directed drilling reduces.The wear resistance in the excellence on the drill string that also provides disclosed alloy reduces the wearing and tearing on the casing simultaneously.The hard formation that adds of another kind of form is the WC-cobalt ceramet that is applied to drill rod assemblies.Other stiffened layer material comprises carbide and the nitride system of TiC, Cr-carbide and other mixing.Contain the Tungsten carbite of alloy such as the trade mark of Stellite 6 and Stellite 12(Cabot company) have excellent wear resistance as hard facing material, but may cause the excessive wear of relative device.Can use welding method or hot spray process will add the each several part that hard formation is applied to drill rod assemblies.In drill-well operation, be tending towards leaning against drill rod assemblies on the casing casing that weares and teares continuously along with drill string rotating.

Adding the hard formation on tool-joint,, some band sleeve means uses in the industry.Based on the wear proofing device of polymer-steel in U.S. Patent No. 4,171,560(Garrett, " Methodof Assembling a Wear Sleeve on a Drill Pipe Assembly. ") open.WesternWell Tool has developed subsequently and irrotational protector (Non-RotatingProtector) is provided at present, departs from pipe in the well and the contact between the sleeve pipe in order to control, and namely U.S. Patent No. 5; 803,193,6,250; 405 and 6,378,633 theme.

The people such as Strand have obtained the patent right of metal " wear-resistant sleeve " device (U.S. Patent No. 7,028,788), and it is the device of arranging the stiffened layer material at removable sleeve pipe.This device is the ring of common wall thickness less than 1/2nd inches, and its part at the pin with the diameter that reduces is swirled on the pin link of drilling pipe tool-joint, until the oblique angle diameter of link.Ring has internal thread with the opposite left-handed orientation of tool-joint in the part of internal surface.Make by this way screw thread, encircle not restrainedly against pin link body, but on the contrary, it turns right with drill string and is displaced to cover-pin junction surface.Arnco introduces this device to the market, and its trade mark is called " WearSleeve ".Occur for many years in market and at least one times after the site test, system also is not widely used.Method disclosed herein provides the obvious advantage that is better than the WearSleeve device.

Arnco has designed the fixedly stiffened layer system that is usually located in the middle of the drill pipe joints, as at U.S. Patent Publication No.2007/0209839Al, described in " System and Method forReducing Wear in Drill Pipe Sections ".

Individually, the tool-joint structure that the pin link is maintained in the slips is disposed at the scene, and these are different by the standard oil industry structure that slips keeps from the cover link.Some benefit has been required protection; as at exemplary announcement SPE 18667 (1989) Dudman; R.A. wait people's " Pin-up Drillstring Technology:Design; Application; and CaseHistories " and SPE 52848 (1999) Dudman; R.A. wait record among people's " Low-Stress LevelPinUp Drillstring Optimizes Drilling of 20, the 000ft Slim-Hole in SouthernOklahoma. ".Dudman discloses for some hole dimension than large pipe diameter and the link size used in the downward convention of standard pin, and this is because pin link diameter can be made and to get less than cover link diameter and still satisfy and salvage requirement.

Also have many other equipments unit that have the metal-metal contact at rig, it bears friction, wearing and tearing, erosion, corrosion and/or deposition.These devices include but not limited to following tabulation: the valve in the pumping equipment, piston, cylinder and bearing; Be used for the wheel of mobile drill and drilling well material and facility, sliding beam, skidding, sliding sleeve and supporting plate; Top drive and lifting means; Mixer, blade, compressor, blade and turbine; And the bearing of the bearing of rotating equipment and rock bit.

Become hole operation specific operation in addition usually during drilling technology, to carry out, comprise: measure naked hole (or adding the trepanning section), with the evaluation of earth formations characteristic, bore core to remove the part on stratum, be used for Scientific evaluation, catch the formation fluid under the downhole condition, for fluid analysis, against the well place tool, in order to record acoustic signal and other operation well known by persons skilled in the art and method.Major part in these operations comprises a body with respect to the axial or twist motion of another body, and wherein two bodies have utilized certain contact force of opposing relative movement mechanically to contact with contact friction, thereby cause friction and wear.

The sea risers system:

In ocean environment, another complexity is that the well head production tree may be " dry type " (above platform is positioned at the sea level) or " wet type " (being positioned on the sea bed).In arbitrary situation, the duct conduits that is known as " standpipe " is placed between the water surface and the seabed, and wherein drilling rod equipment is stretched in the standpipe and drilling fluid returns in annular space.Standpipe may especially easily occur and the interior conduit problem that externally rotation is relevant in the static pipeline, and this does not fix because of standpipe, but also possible owing to not only with drill string but also move with contacting of ocean environment.The effect that drags and the vortex shedding of sea risers cause load and vibration, and it partly is because the surface friction drag of the ocean current of the external surface peripheral of sea risers.

The intrasystem operation of sea risers be usually directed to a body with respect to another body axially or twist motion, certain contact force and the contact friction Mechanical Contact of two bodies to overcome relative movement wherein, thus cause friction and wear.

Tubular article:

Oil pipes spare article (OCTG) comprise drilling rod equipment, sleeve pipe, oil pipe, work string, coiled tubing and standpipe.Most of OCTG(but except the coiled tubing) common ground be to be threaded, it suffers unsuitable screw thread and/or Sealing to interfere the incipient fault that causes, thereby cause the scratch in the connector of coupling, this can be owing to impaired connection suppresses using and reusing of whole pipe coupling.Screw thread can be by Shot peening, cold rolling and/or chemical treatment (for example, phosphate, copper facing etc.), improving their scratching characteristic, and adopts suitable pipe thread composite to provide benefit for link uses.Yet current still the existence with screw thread abrades the problem relevant with interference problem, especially for the more expensive OCTG material alloys of the testing requirement of extreme condition.

Use the operation of OCTG be usually directed to a body with respect to another body axially or twist motion, certain contact force and the contact friction Mechanical Contact of two bodies to overcome relative movement wherein, thus cause friction and wear.This motion may need for installing, and after the installation, device can be basically static, or this motion may need for the application of repetition, in order to carry out some operation.

Well head, production tree and valve:

At the top of sleeve pipe, fluid is held by wellhead equipment, and this wellhead equipment generally includes a plurality of valves and various types of preventer (BOP).Subsurface safety is the key equipment parts that must correctly work under urgent or runaway condition.Subsurface safety is installed in the shaft bottom, usually is installed in the oil pipe column, and can be closed, in order to prevent from underground mobile.The choke that is connected with well head and flowline (particularly joint and elbow) suffer friction, wearing and tearing, burn into erosion and deposition.Choke may be refluxed by sandstone and cut off, for example, so that the measurement inaccuracy of flow velocity.

Many devices in these devices depend on Sealing and mechanical tolerance very closely, comprise metal to metal seal spare and elastomeric seal the two.Many devices (sleeve, bag, oil nozzle, spicule, gate, ball, plug, cross-over joint, joiner, packet, stuffing box, valve rod, centrifuge etc.) are attributed to corrosion and the friction of corroding and machinery and are degenerated, and even the potential obstruction that caused by the deposition of dirty body, pitch, paraffin and hydrate.The part of these devices can be installed in shaft bottom or seabed, and obtains maintenance channel so that repairing or recovery are impossible or may be very expensive.

The operation that relates to well head, production tree and valve be usually directed to a body with respect to another body axially or twist motion, certain contact force and the contact friction Mechanical Contact of two bodies to overcome relative movement wherein, thus cause friction and wear.This motion may need for installing, and after the installation, device can be basically static, or this motion for repeated application may be needs to carry out some operation.In these systems some have also been set up the close tolerance that needs Leakage prevention and static state or the dynamic seal (packing) of smooth surface.

Completion tubular column and equipment:

Added in the situation that is embedded with prevent from collapsing hole and not controlled Fluid Flow in A in drilling well, must be carried out well completion operations, prepared so that well is carried out to produce.This operation relates to sends into and sends well to carry out some operation, for example cement grouting, perforation, oil recovery and well logging with equipment.Two kinds of conveying meanss commonly used of completion equipment are wire rope and pipeline (drilling pipe, coiled tubing or oil pipe work string).These operations can comprise that the operation logging tool forms the hole to allow hydrocarbon production or fluid to inject, adopt interim or permanent connector isolation fluid pressure, operation packet to be conducive to settle the equipment of pipeline the sealing between pipe interior and the annular region to be provided and to move other required type of cement grouting, oil recovery and completion to record stratum and fluid characteristics, use PUNCH GUN in sleeve pipe.Wire rope instrument and work string can comprise packet, straddle-type packet and sleeve pipe patchery part, except the packet placing tool, are used for valve and apparatus installation at the device of side pocket and the equipment that is used for carrying out other type of downhole operation.Laying of these instruments, laying in extended reach well may be subjected to friction to drag the effect obstruction specifically.Stay in the hole for the production of final completion tubular column be commonly referred to as the production tube tubing string.

The installation of completion tubular column and equipment and use be usually directed to a body with respect to another body axially or twist motion, certain contact force and the contact friction Mechanical Contact of two bodies to overcome relative movement wherein, thus cause friction and wear.This motion may need for installing, and after the installation, device can be basically static, or this motion for repeated application may be needs to carry out some operation.

Stratum and sandstone face completion:

In many wells, exist sandstone or earth formation material to flow into the trend of well.In order to prevent this situation, stride across well completion interval and in well, place " sandstone screen cloth ".This operation can comprise the special-purpose major diameter assembly of structure, is included in a kind of in several sandstone sieve net meshes design on the center " parent tube ".Screen cloth and parent tube are frequently corroded and are corroded and may be owing to sandstone " cutting " lost efficacy.In addition, in the big-inclination well, the friction drag that runs into when screen cloth is sent into well may be excessive, and limit the use of these devices, or the length of well may be owing to surface friction drag is subject to carrying out the restriction of the maximum depth of screen cloth operation.

In needing these wells of sandstone control, sandstone shape blocking materials i.e. " proppant " is pumped in the annular region between screen cloth and the stratum, in order to prevent the formation particles screen cloth of flowing through.This operation is called " gravel packing ", or in the situation that the pressure break state can be described as " pressure break packing ".In many other stratum, usually in the well that does not have the sandstone screen cloth, can carry out the pressure break oil recovery processes, wherein make a bet into the blocking materials of this identical or different type at the pressure break state, deviate from the large pressure break wing that is supported that well is extended a quite long end distance with formation, produce or injection rate thereby increase.Because proppant particles contacts with each other and the contiguity constraint wall, when pumping is processed surface friction drag appears.In addition, proppant particles is subject to granulitization and produces " particulate " that fluid flow resistance is increased at production period.Proppant characteristics, intensity, friction factor, shape and the roughness that comprises particle is important for the successful execution of this processing and the productivity of well or the final increase of injection rate.

The installation of sandstone screen cloth and work-over operation subsequently be usually directed to a body with respect to another body axially or twist motion, certain contact force and the contact friction Mechanical Contact of two bodies to overcome relative movement wherein, thus cause friction and wear.This motion may need for installing, and after the installation, device can be basically static, or this motion for repeated application may be needs to carry out some operation.

Artificial lift equipment:

When beginning to produce from well, it may flow with gratifying speed under the pressure of himself.Yet many wells some time point in its mining term need to be assisted with fluid from the well lifting out.Make to come in many ways and comprise from the well up-flow body of passing the imperial examinations at the provincial level: the sucker rod, the Corod that are used for removing from well fluid ^TMAnd submersible electrical water pump, be used for discharging the Plunger Lift device of liquid from gas well mainly, and be used for reducing fluid column density along oil pipe " gas lifting " or gas inject.Selectively, can inject specialty chemicals by the valve that separates along oil pipe and prevent gathering of dirty body, pitch, paraffin or hydrate sediment.

The production tube tubing string can comprise the device that flows for auxiliary fluid.The wherein several of these devices may depend on Sealing and mechanical tolerance very closely, comprise metal to metal seal spare and elastomeric seal the two.Interface between the parts (sleeve, bag, connector, packet, cross-over joint, joiner, hole, axle etc.) is attributed to corrosion and the friction of corroding and machinery and is degenerated, and even the potential obstruction that caused by the deposition of dirty body, pitch, paraffin or hydrate or machinery cooperate and interfere.Particularly, gas lift device, submersible pump and other artificial lift equipment can comprise valve, Sealing, rotor, stator and may be because friction, wearing and tearing, burn into corrodes or deposition and other device that can't normal running.

The installation of artificial lift equipment and operation and work-over operation subsequently are usually directed to a body with respect to the axial or twist motion of another body, certain contact force and the contact friction Mechanical Contact of two bodies to overcome relative movement wherein, thus friction and wear caused.

Well servicing equipment:

Usually need to the downhole operation of well near the storage stratigraphic interval, produce or injection rate to collect data or initialization, recovery or to increase.These operations comprise sends into equipment and send well.Two kinds of common conveying meanss of completion equipment and instrument are wire rope and pipeline.These operations can comprise the operation logging tool with record stratum and fluid characteristics, use PUNCH GUN in sleeve pipe, forms the hole with allow hydrocarbon production or fluid inject, adopt interim or permanent connector with isolation fluid pressure, move packet with the sealing between the interval that is conducive to completion, and the highly-specialised equipment that moves other type.The operation of equipment being sent into and sent well comprises the sliding contact that the relative movement by two bodies causes, thereby forms the friction drag.

Work-over operation be usually directed to a body with respect to another body axially or twist motion, certain contact force and the contact friction Mechanical Contact of two bodies to overcome relative movement wherein, thus cause friction and wear.

Correlation technique:

Except top disclosed prior art, U.S. Patent Publication No.2008/0236842, " Downhole Oilfield Apparatus Comprising a Diamond-Like CarbonCoating and Methods of Use " discloses the DLC coating has been applied to the downhole device with the internal surface that is exposed to downhole environment.The document is not disclosed on the band sleeve means and uses external skin, and especially, the outside that the document does not have to discuss the drilling tool joint component applies.

Saenger and Desroches have described " coating at least a portion on the surface of support " that is used for the downhole tool operation in EP 2090741A1.Disclosed such coating comprises that DLC, diamond carbon and Cavidur(are from the proprietary DLC coating of Bekaert).This coating specifically is called " for the inert material that reduces to rub and select ".Concrete application to logging tool and O type circle has been described.The concrete benefit of quoting comprises reducing of friction and corrosion.Although in the figure of this application, shown drill string, in this application, do not mention drill string or tool-joint are applied coating.

The people such as Van Den Brekel disclose a kind of boring method in WO 2008/138957A2, wherein shell material is than drill string material hard 1 to 5 times, and has used the additive that reduces to rub in drilling fluid.Drill string can have and is used as the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) that the skin that reduces to rub applies.The disclosure content is different from the present invention, because coating to be applied has the hardness number larger than shell material, and does not provide in the present invention the explanation of drilling fluid.

The internal surface that the people such as Wei also disclose at tubular structure uses coating (U.S. Patent No. 6,764,714, " Method for Depositing Coatings on the Interior Surfaces ofTubular Walls " and U.S. Patent No. 7,052,736, " Method for DepositingCoatings on the Interior Surfaces of Tubular Structures ").The people such as Tudhope have also developed the device that applies the internal surface of object, comprise for example U.S. Patent No. 7,541,069, " Method and System for Coating Internal Surfaces Using Reverse-FlowCycling ".

Griffo is at U.S. Patent Publication No.2008/0127475, and the parts that disclose in " Composite Coatingwith Nanoparticles for Improved Wear and Lubricity in Downhole Tools " at drill bit and shaft bottom drill tool assembly use the super hard abrasive nano particle.

The people such as Gammage are in U.S. Patent No. 7,487, and the metalizing that discloses in 840 outer surface of downhole tool parts applies.

Thornton discloses in downhole tool in " Improvements In and Relating toDownhole Tools " and has used tungsten disulfide (WS at WO 2007/091054 ₂).

Use coating in for example U.S. Patent No. 7 at drill bit and drill bit Sealing, 234,541 " DLC Coating for Earth-Boring Bit Seal Ring ", U.S. Patent No. 6,450,271 " Surface Modifications for Rotary Drill Bits " and U. S. Patents 7, open among 228,922 " the Drill Bit ".

In addition, in non-field use, use the DLC coating in U.S. Patent No. 6,156,616 " Synthetic Diamond Coatings with Intermediate Bonding Layersand Methods of Applying Such Coatings " and U.S. Patent No.s 5, open among 707,717 " the Articles Having Diamond-Like Protective Film ".

Necessity of the present disclosure:

Consider that these are to the extensive character of the wide in range requirement of production operation; need the application of new cladding material technology, the impact of the caused friction of fluid stream therein that its protective gear avoids being subject to the sliding contact between two or more devices and may comprising the solid particle of high-speed mobile, wearing and tearing, burn into erosion and deposition.This demand requires new material, and this new material is combined with high hardness and when the ability of the low coefficient of friction (COF) when relative surface contacts.And, be the actual and economic mode of in the Oil/gas Well manufacturing mechanism, disposing this coating with the use of casing bit.If this cladding material also can provide low-yield surface and be resisted against the low coefficient of friction of the wall of a borehole, then this new material coating can realize super large displacement drilling well, the reliable and effectively operation under difficult circumstances (comprising sea and deep water applications), and can realize in the Oil/gas Well production operation that cost, Security and operation improve.As contemplated, can have widely application and provide significant improvement and expansion to the well production operation in these coatings of well process units use with sleeve.

Therefore, exist for the needs with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through applying.At first, the method that applies coating of the present invention at process units may require body to be closed in the chamber.This may be very circumscribed requirement for the parts of many oil fields.For example, the geometrical shape of long pipeline section is inconvenient for this chamber.This possibility neither be very effective, because surface area to be coated may be the very little part of the total surface area of main body.The ferrule element through applying with sleeve means through applying can be transported to field position and be installed on the manufacturing mechanism, and to compare cost lower with the optional apparatus of disposing this low-friction coating.And, ferrule element or coating need to be replaced or upgrade during some uses, be economical with the structure of sleeve system, and have minimum transport demand and equipment downtime.Ferrule element self can comprise the material different from its body that approaches.Ferrule element can stand high temperature and other environmental conditions that meeting during coating processes undermines other element of system.Through apply with the ferrule element of the sleeve means possible types of coatings of coated low-friction material and the coated scope wider than the larger parts of attempting coating equipment more effectively, utilize low-friction coating in order to improve effective mechanical property of these devices thereby made things convenient for.The effective means that prior art does not openly address these problems, and the inventive method will realize using low-friction coating in the Oil/gas Well process units.

Summary of the invention

According to present disclosure, favourable band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through applying comprises: one or more cylindrical body, the coating on the external diameter of one or more cylindrical body or near one or more sleeve the internal diameter and at least a portion in inner sleeve surface, outer sleeve surface or its combination of one or more sleeve, its floating coat be selected from amorphous alloy, through composite material (wherein phosphorus content is greater than 12wt%), graphite, the MoS of heat treated nickel-phosphorus based on electroless coating or plating ₂, WS ₂, based on the composite material of fullerene, based on boride ceramet, quasi-crystalline state material, based on adamantine material, diamond-like-carbon (DLC), boron nitride and above-mentioned combination.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to the favourable band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through applying, and comprises the Oil/gas Well process units, and it comprises: one or more body, and wherein this one or more body does not comprise drill bit; At the outer surface of one or more body or near one or more sleeve the internal surface; And the coating at least a portion of inner sleeve surface, outer sleeve surface or its combination of one or more sleeve, wherein this coating be selected from amorphous alloy, through composite material (wherein phosphorus content is greater than 12wt%), graphite, the MoS of heat treated nickel-phosphorus based on electroless coating or plating ₂, WS ₂, based on the composite material of fullerene, based on boride ceramet, quasi-crystalline state material, based on adamantine material, diamond-like-carbon (DLC), boron nitride and above-mentioned combination.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to the favorable method with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units that uses through applying, comprise: the Oil/gas Well process units through applying is provided, this Oil/gas Well process units through applying comprises one or more cylindrical body, at the external diameter of one or more cylindrical body or near one or more sleeve the internal diameter and in the inner sleeve surface of one or more sleeve, coating at least a portion of outer sleeve surface or its combination, its floating coat is selected from amorphous alloy, composite material (wherein phosphorus content is greater than 12wt%) through heat treated nickel-phosphorus based on electroless coating or plating, graphite, MoS ₂, WS ₂, based on the composite material of fullerene, based on boride ceramet, quasi-crystalline state material, based on adamantine material, diamond-like-carbon (DLC), boron nitride and above-mentioned combination; And in well construction, completion or production operation, utilize band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through applying.

The favorable method with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units that uses through applying that relates in one aspect to again of the present invention, comprise: the Oil/gas Well process units through applying is provided, this Oil/gas Well process units through applying comprises: one or more body, and wherein this one or more body does not comprise drill bit; Near the outer surface of one or more body or internal surface, has one or more sleeve; And the coating at least a portion of inner sleeve surface, outer sleeve surface or its combination of one or more sleeve, wherein this coating be selected from amorphous alloy, through composite material (wherein phosphorus content is greater than 12wt%), graphite, the MoS of heat treated nickel-phosphorus based on electroless coating or plating ₂, WS ₂, based on the composite material of fullerene, based on boride ceramet, quasi-crystalline state material, based on adamantine material, diamond-like-carbon (DLC), boron nitride and above-mentioned combination; And in well construction, completion or production operation, utilize this through the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units of coating.

Disclosed through apply with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units and use this with sleeve means so that reducing these and other feature of method of friction in these application regions, wearing and tearing, burn into erosion and deposition and attribute and their favourable application and/or purposes will become obviously from the following detailed description, particularly when being combined in this appended accompanying drawing reading.

Description of drawings

For the those of ordinary skill manufacturing that helps correlation technique with utilize theme of the present invention, with reference to accompanying drawing, in the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 has described independent well construction, completion, oil recovery, the well workover in whole production process and has adopted the Oil/gas Well production system of well process units in the production phase.

Fig. 2 has described and has been applied to the exemplary application with the coating of sleeve drill rod assemblies of using for subterranean well.

Fig. 3 has described the exemplary application of the coating that is applied to the shaft bottom drill tool assembly device that can be suitable for using the sleeve through applying, and described shaft bottom drill tool assembly device is reamer, stabilizer, milling cutter and reamer in this case.

Fig. 4 has described the exemplary application of the coating that is applied to the sea risers system with the wear-resisting axle bush of sleeve through applying.

Fig. 5 has described the exemplary application that is applied to for the sleeve through applying of polished rod, sucker rod and the pump of shaft bottom pumping operation.

Fig. 6 has described the exemplary application of the sleeve through applying that is applied to PUNCH GUN, packet and logging tool.

Fig. 7 has described the exemplary application of the coating of the hawser bundle that is applied to wire rope and Steel Cable and becomes strand.Sleeve through applying can use in axle bush so that make the wire rope smooth operation.

Fig. 8 has described and has been applied to for the parent tube of gravel packing sandstone control operation and screen assemblies and the exemplary application of coating that is used for the screen cloth of solid control apparatus, illustrates simultaneously to can be used for auxiliary screen cloth being slided into the sleeve through applying in the well.

Fig. 9 has described the exemplary application of the sleeve through applying that is applied to well head and valve assembly, wherein can be used in the valve to be provided at the sealing under low steering force and the load with casing bit.

Figure 10 has described the exemplary application of the sleeve through applying that is applied to orifice meter, choke and turbine flowmeter.

Figure 11 has described and has been applied to the exemplary application that cover is washed the sleeve through applying of the grapple of fishing tool and slip socket (overshot).

Figure 12 has described the exemplary application of the coating that is applied to threaded connector and the screw thread scratch has been shown.

Figure 13 show ferrule element through applying through apply with the exemplary application in the sleeve drill stem connection, shown that pin be connected with pin downwards and connected structure and other possible sleeve parameter.

Figure 14 has schematically described the corresponding of weight (WOB) on the transmission rate during the underground rotary drilling (ROP) and drill bit.

Figure 15 has described coating COF that coatings more disclosed herein compare with the base steel sleeve pipe and the relation between the coating hardness.

Figure 16 has described typical load-deformation curve, has shown the high elastic limit that amorphous alloy is compared with the crystalline state metal/alloy.

Figure 17 has described the ternary phase diagrams of amorphous carbon.

Figure 18 has described the schematic diagram of the outstanding key theory of hydrogen.

Figure 19 has described the frictionand wear properties of DLC coating in the dry type sliding wear testing.

Figure 20 has described the DLC coating based on the frictionand wear properties in the drilling fluid of oil.

Figure 21 has described DLC coating frictionand wear properties in high temperature (150 °F) sliding wear testing in based on the drilling fluid of oil.

Figure 22 has described the frictional behaviour that the DLC coating is compared with the frictional behaviour that adds hard formation with the exposed steel of uncoated under the temperature that raises (150 °F with 200 °F) in based on the drilling fluid of oil.

Figure 23 has described the speed diminish performance of DLC coating with the exposed steel matrix ratio of uncoated.

Figure 24 has described the SEM cross section of individual layer disclosed herein and multilayer DLC coating.

Figure 25 has described the water contact angle that the DLC coating is compared with 4142 steel of uncoated.

Figure 26 has described the illustrative diagram that adds the mixing DLC coating on the hard formation in drill rod assemblies.

Definition

" annular isolation valve " is in order to the valve that flow of control from the annular space between sleeve pipe and the oil pipe in the surface.

" pitch " is the heavy hydrocarbon chain that can be deposited on the wall of pipeline and other mobile units and therefore form flow constraint.

" parent tube " is the lining as the bearing device of sandstone control screen cloth.Screen cloth is attached to the outside of parent tube.At least a portion of parent tube can be bored a hole in advance, be slotted or is equipped with inflow control device.Parent tube is having screw thread in order to make in the junction section of assembling when extending in the hole.

" bearings and bushings " are used to two devices that low-friction surface is provided, and with so that two devices are relative to each other mobile with sliding contact, especially allow relative rotary motion.

" blast joint " is to stride across the pipeline than the heavy wall perforation use or stride across the fluid input use in import that flows during oil recovery is processed.Larger wall thickness and/or material hardness are resisted because sandstone or proppant impact by complete eating thrown.

" shaft bottom drill tool assembly " (BHA) comprises one or more device, include but not limited to: stabilizer, variable gauge stabilizer, return reamer, drill collar, flexible drill collar, rotary steerable tool, roller reamer, shock-absorbing connection, the drilling fluid motor, the simultaneous logging of drilling well (LWD) instrument, measure (MWD) instrument in the time of drilling well, sampling tool, lower reamer, reamer, centralizer, turbine, curved housing, crooked motor, drill jar, accelerate bumper jar, crossover sub, the buffering bumper jar, moment of torsion reduces instrument, floating junction, fishing tool, fishing jar, the washover pipe road, logging tool, the exploration tool-joint, the non magnetic accessory of any in these devices, and above-mentioned combination, with above-mentioned relevant external connection device.

" sleeve pipe " is mounted in the pipeline in the well, in order to prevent from collapsing the hole and make drilling well can with higher fluid density and in the situation that fluid can not flow into and add the cover stratum and below the bottom of sleeve pipe tubing string, continue.Usually, a plurality of sleeve pipe tubing strings are installed in the well that diameter diminishes gradually.

" casing stabbing board " is bound to outside of sleeve when it moves in the hole.Centralizer is equipped with steel spring or metal dactylitic piece usually, and described steel spring or metal dactylitic piece push against the stratum, departs from from formation wall in order to realizing, its objective is the righting sleeve pipe providing more uniform annular space around sleeve pipe, thereby realizes better cement seal.Centralizer can comprise finger device, in order to the well of swiping, may suppress the drilling fluid filter residue that cement and stratum directly contact thereby drive away.

" add cover in the time of drilling well " and refer to the method newer and that be of little use of using sleeve pipe to replace removable drill string drilling well.When the hole section had reached the degree of depth, sleeve pipe was left on the appropriate location, and executable operations is removing or the cutting element at the sleeve bottom place that is shifted, but and then pump cement operation.

" chemical product injected system " is used for that chemical inhibitor is injected well and accumulates in well to prevent dirty body, methane hydrate or other sediments, and this gathers can limit production.

" choke " is the device for the constraint flow velocity.Well is generally tested in concrete choke size, but its image-tape has the plate in hole of designated diameter so simple.When sandstone or proppant flow through choke, the hole may be etched and the choke size may change, thereby makes the flow-speed measurement inaccuracy.

" coaxial " refers to two or more objects and has substantially the same or along collinear axis." disalignment " refers to that object has that possibility departs from but is substantially parallel or may be additionally not along collinear axis.

" completion sliding sleeve " is mounted in the device in the completion tubular column, and it optionally makes the aperture can opening and closing of fault according to the state of sleeve, thereby allows pay interval to be communicated with or not to be communicated with oil pipe.In long-term the use, operate successfully that sliding sleeve depends on owing to friction, wearing and tearing, deposition, corroding and the resistance to operating sleeve that corrosion causes.

" complex geometric shapes " refers to the object that does not basically comprise such as sphere, cylindricality or cubical single original geometry.Complex geometric shapes can comprise multiple simple geometric shape, such as the cylindricality with many different radiis, cube or sphere, perhaps can comprise simple original geometry and other complex geometric shapes.

" connecting pin " is screwed pipe piece on pipeline external surface.

" connecting sleeve " is screwed pipe piece on inner surface of pipeline.

" contact ring " is and the mutually attached device that deviates from the wall on sleeve pipe or stratum with implementation tool of the parts of logging tool.For example, the joint that contact ring can be installed in PUNCH GUN to be to realize that rifle deviates from casing wall, for example such as in the application of " Just-In-Time Perforating " (PCT application No.WO 2002/103161A2).

They " border on " that to refer to object adjacent one another are, so that can have common edge or face." do not border on " and refer to object owing to departing from each other or be shifted and do not have common edge or face.For example, tool-joint is the larger cylinder barrel of diameter, and it is not bordered on, and this is because the less cylinder of diameter is that drilling pipe is positioned between the tool-joint.

" control pipeline " and " conduit " are minor diameter tubings, and it can be in the outside extension of oil pipe column to provide hydraulic pressure, voltage or electric current or fiber path to one or more downhole device.The control pipeline is used for operation subsurface safety, choke and valve.The injection pipeline is similar to the control pipeline and can be used for injecting specialty chemicals to the shaft bottom valve and forms to suppress dirty body, pitch, paraffin or hydrate, or is used for reducing to rub.

" Corod ^TM" be the continuous flexible pipe fitting that in bar pumping production operation, is used as sucker rod.

" joiner " is the connection set between two pipe pieces, usually but not exclusively be to be suitable for single of two longer parts being bonded together by joiner by engage thread.For example, joiner is used for engaging two suction rod members of artificial lifting arm pumping equipment.

" cylinder " is that (1) is defined by two parallel planes and by being parallel to given planar movement and following the tracks of the curve that is defined by the plane and be positioned at perpendicular to or favour surface or the entity that the straight line on the plane on given plane produces, and/or (2) any column or parts, no matter be solid or hollow (source: www.dictionary.com).

" downhole tool " is usually to stretch in the well in the retrieval mode, or is fixed on possibly in the well, to carry out the device of some function in well.Some downhole tool can measured the operation of (MWD) device simultaneously such as drilling well, and other downhole tool can be moved at wire rope, for example stratum logging tool or PUNCH GUN.Some instrument can move at wire rope or pipeline.Packet is can be in the operation of pipeline or wire rope being arranged in the well stopping up mobile downhole tool, and it can be removable or fixing.There are many downhole tool devices of commonly using in the industry.

" drill collar " is near the double wall pipeline drill bit in the downhole tool assembly.The rigidity of drill collar helps drill bit to creep into point-blank, and the weight of drill collar is used for drill bit is applied weight to creep into forward.

" drilling rod " is defined as the whole length of tubular pipeline, comprises jar rod (if present), drilling pipe and drill collar, and its surface from the hole consists of the drilling well assembly to the bottom.Drilling rod does not comprise drill bit.In drilling well, add under the concrete condition of cover, will be regarded as the part of drilling rod for the sleeve pipe tubing string that pierces earth formation.

" drill rod assemblies " is defined as the combination of drill string and shaft bottom drill tool assembly or coiled tubing and shaft bottom drill tool assembly.Drill rod assemblies does not comprise drill bit.

" drill string " is defined as pillars or is attached with the tubing string of the drilling pipe of tool-joint, drill string and comprise transition conduit between the shaft bottom drill tool assembly of tool-joint, the drilling pipe that comprises the heavy amount of tool-joint and wear-resistant pad, it will be transferred to drill collar and drill bit from fluid and the rotating power of top drive or jar rod.In some reference, but be not in the literature, term " drill string " comprise in drilling pipe and the shaft bottom drill tool assembly drill collar the two.

" elastomeric seal " is used for providing the barrier that is generally between two devices between the metal, flows to stop from a side direction opposite side of Sealing.Elastomeric seal is selected from a kind of in the class material flexible or springy.

" elbow, T shape pipe and joiner " is the pipe-line equipment of commonly using, and purpose is to connect flowline to finish the stream of fluid, for example well is connected to the surface production facility.

" expandable pipe fitting " is the tubular article such as sleeve pipe tubing string and lining, when it moves in the hole slightly below the mark.In case in place, instrument or built-up mandrel that then diameter is larger are stressed along expandable pipe fitting, so that it is deformed into larger diameter.

" gas lifting " is the method that the gas inject oil pipe column is increased flow of hydrocarbon in the well by the gas lifting valve.This technique is applied to oil well usually, but also can be applicable to produce the gas well of large water gaging.The gas that increases has reduced the static pressure head of fluid column.

" glass fibre " usually extends to the shaft bottom in little control pipeline and turns back to the surface, for characteristic at the bottom of the measuring well, such as temperature and pressure.Glass fibre can be used for providing continuous-reading with the meticulous spatial sampling along well.This fiber is usually by along a control pipeline pumping, by " steering knuckle " and upwards be pumped into second and control in the pipeline.Friction and resistance by steering knuckle can limit some fiber optic devices.

" inflow control device " is adjustable aperture, nozzle or the flow channel of striding stratigraphic interval in the completion tubular column (ICD), is used for realizing producing the flow velocity that fluid flows into well.This can with " intelligence " completion system in additional measurement and automation combine to use.

" bumper jar " is for apply large axial load or the downhole tool of impact when the operator triggers.Some bumper jar starts by putting down balancing weight, and other bumper jar starts when being pulled upward.Usually carry out the pipeline of startup to stop up in the mobile well of bumper jar.

" jar rod " is the flat sides polygonal pipe piece that passes the rig floor on the drill platform that is equipped with old-fashioned rotating platform equipment.Moment of torsion be applied to this four, six or the drilling pipe that connects to be rotated in the below of octahedral pipe piece.

" logging tool " is mobile instrument to measure in well; For example, creep into or opening on the wire rope or add at drilling rod and measure during creeping in the trepanning.This apparatus installation in a series of carriages that are configured to stretch in the well, cylindrical device for example, it provides the environment isolation of instrument.

" assembling " is that the pin and sleeve with assembling pipe joint is tightened in together with the knot of realizing two pipe pieces and is incorporated in the process that forms sealing between pipeline inside and outside.

" axle " is cylindrical rod or the axle that is assemblied in the outer shell.Axle can be the main actuator in the packet, and it makes grip unit or " slips " outwards mobile with the contact sleeve pipe.The term axle also can refer to along expandable pipe fitting stressed so that it is deformed into larger-diameter instrument.Axle is the general term that uses in the field devices of several types.

" wire netting " of sandstone control screen cloth comprises that the stratum gravel size according to correspondence distributes and customization size and the braided metal long filament that separates.Screen material is corrosion resisting alloy (CRA) or carbon steel normally.

" Mazeflo ^TM" the completion screen cloth is with the control of the sandstone of redundancy and stops the sandstone screen cloth of compartment.Mazeflo ^TMAny mechanical failure of screen cloth is relieved to local compartment labyrinth automatically, allows simultaneously by not damaging the continuous hydrocarbon stream of section.Flow path is departed from, so that the amount of flow (for example, with reference to U.S. Patent No. 7,464,752) of flow divert to redistribute inflow.

" Moyno ^TMPump " and " progressive cavity pump " be mounted in long cylindrical pump in the downhole motor, this motor is at fluid stator and be attached to generate rotation torque when flowing between the rotor of axle in axle externally.Usually Duo a lug than rotor on the stator, thereby the power that flows to the fluid of drill bit forces rotor to rotate.These motors are installed near drill bit usually.Selectively, in the pumping installations of shaft bottom, thereby can apply power with rotary rotor and pumping fluid.

" packet " is the instrument that can be placed in well on work string, coiled tubing, flow string or the wire rope.Packet provides the hydrodynamic pressure isolation in the zone of packet above and below.Must be durable and bear the hydraulic seal of harsh environmental conditions except providing, packet also must be resisted the axial load that the fluid pressure differential owing to the packet above and below causes.

" packet locking mechanism " is used for the operation packet so that the pipeline that packet is connected thereto by packet move axially to discharge and engage slips.When engaging, slips is by outwards stressed and enter casing wall, and then the tooth of slips is pressed into shell material energetically.The wire rope packet moves with the packet place tool that engages slips by the pulling axle, and after this packet place tool separates with packet and gets back to the surface.

" MP35N " is the metal alloy that mainly comprises nickel, cobalt, chromium and molybdenum.MP35N is considered to have highly corrosion resistant and is suitable for abominable downhole environment.

" paraffin " is the wax composition of some crude oil hydrocarbon, and it can be deposited on the wall of well and flowline, thereby and causes flow constraint.

" pin connects downwards " is the standard well bore formation at present, and wherein during assembling, the cover link is kept by slips in the surface, and the pin link faces down.

" pin upwards connect " is that the drilling tool assembly is oriented to so that sell link and remain in the surface and realize simultaneously in the slips connecting, rather than wherein overlaps link by the standard construction of slips maintenance.This re-constructs the change that can or can not need the hand of spiral of link, i.e. left-handed thread or right-handed thread.

" piston " and " piston bushing " is the cylinder that in order to raise by corresponding hydrodynamic pressure fluid is displaced to outlet in pump from entrance.Lining is piston reciprocating sleeve within it.These piston type are similar to the piston that exists in the motor car engine.

" Plunger Lift device " is that oil pipe column is moved up and down with the device from oil pipe emptied of water (being similar to pipeline " pigging " operation).In the situation that the Plunger Lift device is in oil pipe bottom, pipe cleaning device is configured to stop up flow, and therefore by in the hole, upwards promoting it from the hydrodynamic pressure of below.When the Plunger Lift device is upwards mobile in well, itself since do not allow moisture from flow through the Plunger Lift device water be shifted.At the oil pipe top, device triggers the change of plunger lift device structure so that its present bypass flow, thus gravity overcome a fluid stream upwards and in oil pipe, pull down moving it.Friction and wear is the important parameter of Plunger Lift device operation.Friction has reduced the speed that the Plunger Lift device falls or rises, and the wearing and tearing of outer surface provide the gap, and this gap has reduced the effective force of device when upwards mobile in the hole.

" process units " is the term of broad sense, and it is defined as comprising with drilling well, completion, oil recovery, the well workover of oil and/or gas well or produces relevant any device.Process units comprises any device for the production of hydrocarbons purpose described herein.For ease of determining term, fluid is injected into well be defined as with negative velocity production.Thereby, will comprise " injection " to quoting of word " production ", unless show in addition.

" reciprocating black box " is the Sealing that is designed to keep pressure isolation when two device axial displacement.

" rock bit " is to be equipped with common three taper cutting elements to form the soil auger aperture apparatus in hole in the soil.

" black box of rotation " is the Sealing that is designed to keep pressure isolation when two device rotation displacements.

" sandstone probe " is to insert in a fluid stream in order to evaluate the midget plant of the gravel content in a fluid stream.If gravel content is high, then the sandstone probe may be etched.

" dirty body " is the mineral that may gather and cause flow constraint (for example, the calcium carbonate) sediments on tube wall and other mobile units.

" maintenance tool " that be used for gravel packing operation comprises packet crossover tool and jet pipe, in order to along work string, around lining and jet pipe and get back to anchor ring and circulate.This allows with stratigraphic interval and relatively places drilling fluid.More generally, gravel packing maintenance tool is one group of instrument, and it is transported to TD, arrangement and test packet with gravel packing screen cloth, and is controlled at the flow path of the fluid of gravel packing operation period pumping.This maintenance tool comprises placing tool, crossover sub and is sealed in Sealing in the packet aperture.This maintenance tool can comprise anti-wiping device and flow losses or selector valve.

" shock-absorbing connection " is the spring-like element with absorbing vibration, in order to the to axial modified drill collar of motion between the two ends that bumper jar is provided.Shock-absorbing connection is used for creeping into the very hard stratum that high axial vibrations level may occur sometimes.

" ram's horns " is to extend to shunt gravel packing drilling liquid flow until realize outer tube or the inner tube of complete gravel packing at well completion interval long or multizone in sandstone control screen cloth.Announce WO 2007/092082, WO 2007/092083, WO 2007/126496 and WO 2008/060479 referring to for example U.S. Patent No. 4,945,991,5,113,935 and PCT patent.

" side pocket " is the heavy wall joint of the biasing in the oil pipe, is used for laying gas lifting valve, temperature and pressure probe, injects line valve etc.

" sleeve " is the tubular part that is designed to be assemblied on another parts.The internal surface of sleeve and outer surface can be circular or non-circular cross-sectional profiles.Internal surface can have different geometrical shapies usually with outer surface, that is: outer surface can be columniformly, have circular cross section, and internal surface can have or other non-circular cross section oval-shaped.Selectively, outer surface can be oval-shaped and internal surface is circular, or a certain other combination.More generally, sleeve can be considered to the hollow cylinder of broad sense, and has the cross-sectional profiles of one or more radius or variation along the axial length of cylinder.

" sliding contact " refers to the rubbing contact between two bodies that carry out relative movement, and whether no matter separate by fluid or solid, the latter comprises the particle (bentonite, glass bead etc.) in the fluid or is designed to produce rolling to alleviate the device of friction.The part of contact surface of carrying out two bodies of relative movement will always be in sliding mode and therefore slide.

" smart well " is to be equipped with device, instrument and controller to realize from specifying interval optionally to flow with the production that maximizes the fluid of wishing and the well that minimizes the production of undesirable fluid.Can regulate for other reasons flow velocity, for example thereby controlling groundwater level former for geomechanics descends or pressure difference.

The pipeline that " recovers the oil and process " is for pumping equipment is connected to well head so that the pipeline that recovers the oil and process.

" subsurface safety " is mounted in the oil pipe to cut off mobile valve, in the offshore operation, normally is installed in the sea bed below.Sometimes these valves are set in the situation that speed surpasses setting value, for example in the situation that the place, ground loses the leak tightness autoshutdown.

" sucker rod " is to be positioned at the steel shank that surperficial beam type pumping unit is connected with the sucker rod pump that is positioned at the shaft bottom.These bars can connect and are threaded or they can be and are similar to the continuous lever that coiled tubing is handled with joint.When described bar pumped, there was friction and wear in the contact position place between bar and oil pipe.

" surperficial flowline " is for well head being connected to production facility or selectively being used for discharging the fluid in to the pipeline of cheating hole or waste gas burning pylon.

" screw connection " also realizes the device of liquid packing by being with staggered screw thread or the mechanical interference between processing (for example, metal to metal seal spare) parts for the connecting tube section.Be threaded by making a device assemble or assemble with respect to another device rotation.Two pipe pieces can be suitable for directly being threaded togather.Maybe the connector component that is called joiner can be screwed on the pipeline, next second pipe be screwed in the joiner.

" tool-joint " is the tapered thread linkage member of the pipeline usually made by the special steel alloy, and wherein pin and sleeve link (being respectively outside thread and internal thread) is fixed to arbitrary end of pipeline.Tool-joint is commonly used on the drilling pipe, but also can be used on work string and other OCTG, and they can be friction welded to the end of pipeline.

" top-driving " is for the method and apparatus that is attached to the drive system rotation drilling pipe that the track on the drilling derrick moves up and down from being positioned at making on the cable car.Top-driving is the method for optimizing of operation drilling pipe, and this is because its rotation when being conducive to pipeline and the circulation of to-and-fro motion and drilling fluid.In the directed drilling operation, the risk that adheres to pipeline when using top drive is usually lower.

" oil pipe " is the pipeline that flows to ground in being installed in well in the sleeve pipe inboard with the permission fluid.

" valve " is the device for the flow velocity of control flowline.There is multiple control valve unit, comprises safety check, gate valve, stop valve, ball valve, needle-valve and connector valve.Valve can manual, long-range or automatic operation, perhaps is the combination of these modes of operation.The performance of valve depends on the sealing of setting up between the mechanical device of airtight cooperation to a great extent.

" valve seat " be when valve operation in case fluid stopping when crossing valve dynamic sealing against static surface.For example, the baffle plate of subsurface safety will be on valve seat when it is closed and is sealed.

" flushing pipe " in the sandstone control operation is at the inboard less pipeline of diameter that extends of parent tube after screen cloth is placed in the position of crossing over stratigraphic interval.Flushing pipe is used for promoting to stride the annular mud flow of whole well completion interval, refluxes during the gravel packing is processed, and leave the gravel packing in screen cloth-well anchor ring.

" packing ring " is generally for Leakage prevention, distribution pressure or makes the fastening flat ring of joint, as under nut or bolt head, perhaps at another parts such as in being threaded of valve.Packing ring can be considered to the rotten form of sleeve, and wherein diameter dimension is greater than axial dimension.

" wire rope " is for the cable at well running tool and device.Wire rope generally includes many less thigh bundles twisted together, but also has the monofilament wire rope, or " smooth silk ".Wire rope usually is deployed in and is installed in the well logging truck or slides on the large-scale drum on the unit.

" work string " is the engaged pipe piece that for example moves logging tool, pulls material or execution cement grouting operation from well out for carrying out wellbore operations.

(annotate: the part of above definition is from " petroleum industry voluminous dictionary (A Dictionary forthe Petroleum Industry) ", the third edition, Jane Austen University of Texas, oil expansion department, calendar year 2001)

Embodiment

The detailed description of this paper and all numerical value in claims are modified by " approximately " or " being similar to " represented value and are considered test error and the variation that those of ordinary skills expect.

The equipment that re-constructs should low friction techniques to utilize sleeve to be conducive to use at specified position such as the point of contact place between two or more bodies.Use coating to provide easily to put into manufacturing installation or chamber to apply the small parts of this coating in ferrule element, have improved Economy.Removable sleeve can more easily utilize small parts to change in the environment of the execute-in-place that carries out, and these small parts can be easily mobile between manufacturing works and field position.And, to consider for metallurgy, it may not be these devices of principal stress member of production of hydrocarbons operation system that the coatings and substrate material of wider selection can be used for.The coating that applies at elevated temperatures will cause extra manufacturing complexity, and this is because such operation may adversely affect the heat treatment of this material.

In addition and selectively, the design structure of bottom equipment can be modified, with the convenient sleeve that uses.For example, the orientation of the tool-joint of drill string or work string optionally is changed, so that outside thread pin link rather than inner screw sheath link remain on the surface during the tool-joint attended operation.This re-constructs the use that is conducive to sleeve, and this is maybe to fall earthward when being connected to the dropout operation period disconnection of pipe because sleeve can not descend along the hole.Utilize this design, do not need such as U.S. Patent No. 7,028,788(" Wear Sleeve ") in the tightening of the ferrule element specifically noted.

In a kind of mode of execution of the present disclosure, the axis of ferrule element can be parallel to the axis of the cylinder that it approached substantially.Ferrule element can in one or more degrees of freedom be freely or ferrule element can utilize suitable attachment means or how much devices and fixing with respect to nearside object (cylinder or body), so that constraint to be provided.Usually, ferrule element will be restricted to mobile coaxially with the nearside object at least, but ferrule element can be limited or rotate freely in rotation.It will be that the restriction sleeve is with multiple may one of the device of nearside object rotation that interface place between sleeve and nearside object uses ellipse or non-circular cross sections.And ferrule element can be according to the concrete property of sleeve production of hydrocarbons device and use and in inboard or the outside of nearside object.

Sleeve can be by any loading material, such as the steel (stainless steel of carbon steel, alloyed steel and any type) of metal, alloy, pottery, ceramet, polymer, any type, make based on the hard metal of WC and any combination of the above material.Bush material can be subject to local, side load, but usually be not subject to the common larger axial load that experienced by its body that approaches.Thereby bush material is compared the restriction that is not subjected to intensity and toughness reguirements with geometrical construction with body.This allows based on but is not limited to be the sleeve selection material such as the type of coating and the condition for the treatment of temperature thereof.

In the scope of the present disclosure, be feasible to similar the re-constructing of other production of hydrocarbons device, thereby make things convenient for use can be coated with the sleeve of approved material.

Herein disclosed is through apply with sleeve Oil/gas Well generating apparatus and manufacturing and utilize this method with sleeve means through applying.Coating described herein provides the obvious improvement in performance of various Oil/gas Well device disclosed herein and operation.Fig. 1 illustrates overall Oil/gas Well production system, for this Oil/gas Well production system, to described herein some apply the improved performance that coating can provide these devices with the sleeve process units.Figure 1A is based on the schematic diagram of the rig 10 on land.Figure 1B passes sandstone 12, shale 14 and water 16 and the schematic diagram that directionally pierces the rig 10 in oil field 18.Fig. 1 C and 1D are the schematic diagram of producing well 20 and Injection Well 22.Fig. 1 E is the schematic diagram of PUNCH GUN 24.Fig. 1 F is the schematic diagram of gravel packing 26 and screen cloth lining 28.In the situation that do not lose generality, different coatings of the present invention may be preferred for different well process units, and dissimilar sleeve may be suitable for different well process units.The wide in range summary of production operation has shown the scope for the possible the field that alleviates friction, wearing and tearing, erosion, corrodes and deposit with sleeve means through applying on the whole.

This method with sleeve means of coating disclosed herein comprises: to will be rubbed, wearing and tearing, burn into are corroded and/or the part of inner sleeve surface, outer sleeve surface or its combination of deposition applies suitable coating.At least a portion that exposing of sleeve surface contacted with another solid or contact with fluid stream therein applies coating, and wherein: the friction factor of coating is less than or equal to 0.15; The hardness of coating is greater than 400VHN; The wear resistance with sleeve means through applying is at least 3 times of wear resistance of the device of uncoated; And/or the surface energy of coating is less than 1J/m ²The suitable ferrule element that existence is selected suitable coating and is designed for concrete application from disclosed coating is with the technology that maximizes this technology and the skill of economic advantages.

The U.S. Patent application No.12/583 that on August 18th, 2009 submitted to, 292 drill rod assemblies that disclose in being used in the oil/gas drilling application are used the ultra-low friction coating, and this application is incorporated on the whole by reference at this.The U.S. Patent application No.12/583 that submitted on August 18th, 2009,302 disclose at the Oil/gas Well process units and have used coating, and this application is incorporated on the whole by reference at this.

Drill rod assemblies is the example of process units of the use that can have benefited from coating.The geometrical shape of the drill rod assemblies of operation is an example that comprises the class application of cylindrical body.In the situation of drilling rod, actual drill rod assemblies is and sleeve pipe or naked hole, the inner cylinder of outer cylindrical body sliding contact.These devices can be had a vicissitudinous radius and selectively can be described to comprise a plurality of cylinders of bordering on of varied radius.Describe as following, in the Oil/gas Well production operation, have several other situations of cylindrical body, perhaps since relative movement and sliding contact or after contact with fluid stream therein maintenance static.Relevant issues by considering to solve, the contact that will solve by assessment or flow field problem with alleviate friction, wearing and tearing, burn into corrodes or deposition and by how considering advisably with sleeve design apparatus for converting structure and for maximum utilization and interests this coating to be applied to these ferrule element realizing the favourable band sleeve production of hydrocarbons device through applying, coating of the present invention can be advantageously used in these each in using.

The many examples that have the Oil/gas Well process units, it provides the chance with the useful use of sleeve means through applying, as in background parts, describing, comprising: the low friction when having for initial the installation and for wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant and anti-erosion and opposing on outer surface or internal surface deposition and the static band sleeve means with ferrule element that applies; And band sleeve bearing, axle bush and other geometrical construction, wherein ferrule element is coated, corrodes and erosion to be used for reducing friction and wearing and tearing and resist.

In every kind of situation, all may exist use through apply with sleeve means reduce friction, mainspring and the less important motivation of wearing and tearing, burn into erosion and deposition.Same apparatus can comprise have for solve different coating that the different coating design aspect applies more than a ferrule element, these aspects comprise the problem that will solve, to ferrule element apply the available technology of coating and with every kind of Economy that types of coatings is relevant.May there be many balances and the compromise of the selection of control ferrule element final design and coating to be applied.

Through apply with the use of sleeve means and the general introduction of associated benefits:

The operation and equipment of the wide range that during the various stages of well preparation and production hydrocarbon, needs, have the multiple prototype that in various environment, occurs and use.These application can be counted as with the various geometrical constructioies of the body of solid objects surface sliding Mechanical Contact and with the Fluid Flow in A of solid objects surface interaction.The design of these parts can be suitable for incorporating into ferrule element through applying to reduce friction, wear and tear, corrode, to corrode and to deposit.In this sense, each parts becomes " the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through applying ".Enumerated below multiple concrete geometrical construction and exemplary application, but it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that wide range enumerate the scope that does not limit the inventive method disclosed herein through what apply with the application of sleeve means and this.

A. cause the band sleeve cylindrical body through applying of sliding contact owing to relative movement:

In whole production operation in the ubiquitous application, two cylindrical body contacts, and along with a body moves with respect to another body and friction and wear occurs.Body can comprise a plurality of cylindrical portion of placing with different radiuses with bordering on, and cylinder can be coaxially or disalignment ground place.Ferrule element is placed at the point of contact place that part design can be suitable between two cylindrical body.This ferrule element is coated on can at least a portion in inner sleeve surface, outer sleeve surface or its a certain combination, to reduce valuably contact friction and wearing and tearing.Ferrule element optionally is removable and as required and in the situation that application of installation is suitable, can safeguard subsequently or change.

For example, be designed for drilling pipe or work post tool-joint ferrule element and to apply this ferrule element can be to utilize coating to reduce the effective mode of the contact friction between drilling rod and sleeve pipe or the naked hole.For sleeve pipe, oil pipe and sucker rod tubing string, pipe connector is the ferrule element that can have the coating of a part that is applied to internal surface or exterior surface area or its combination.In another application, the artificial lift device of plug type, it may be useful making this instrument be suitable for having following one or more ferrule element through applying: this ferrule element comprises the maximum outside diameter of device, contacts wearing and tearing and the friction that causes to reduce because with oil pipe column.

The exemplary lists of this application is as follows:

Drilling pipe can be picked up or be loosened, thereby causes longitudinal movement and can rotate in sleeve pipe or naked hole.Frictional force and device wearing and tearing increase, increase and increase with contact load with local hole curvature with well inclined degree.These Friction loads cause the obvious boring moment of torsion that must be overcome by rig and drill string device (referring to Fig. 2) and drag effect.Fig. 2 A is illustrated in the deflection that occurs in the drill string component 30 in directional well or the horizontal well.Fig. 2 B has the drilling pipe 32 of threaded connector 35 and the schematic diagram of tool-joint 34.The ferrule element 33 through applying at pin link place shown in this figure.Fig. 2 C is the schematic diagram of drill bit and shaft bottom drill tool assembly 36.Fig. 2 D is the schematic diagram of sleeve pipe 38 and tool-joint 39, is presented at the contact that occurs between two cylindrical body.Be applied to ferrule element disclosed herein reduce friction coatings can be used for along with tool-joint 39 in sleeve pipe 38 inward turnings then reduce two friction and wears between the parts, also reduced the required moment of torsion of in order to drill through lateral well turning tool joint 39.

Shaft bottom drill tool assembly (BHA) device is positioned at below the drilling pipe on the drill rod assemblies and may stands similar friction and wear, and thereby coating disclosed herein the minimizing (referring to Fig. 3) of these mechanical problems can be provided.Especially, the coating of the BHA of being applied to device disclosed herein can reduce with the friction and wear at point of contact place, naked hole and prolong tool life.The low-surface-energy of coating disclosed herein also can suppress the adhesion of formation cuttings and instrument, and can prolong corrosion and corrode limit.It also can reduce the different trend that adhere to.Fig. 3 A is the schematic diagram of employed milling cutter 40 in the drill tool assembly device of shaft bottom.Fig. 3 B is the schematic diagram of employed drill bit 41 and reamer device 42 in the drill tool assembly device of shaft bottom.Fig. 3 C is the schematic diagram of employed reamer 44 in the drill tool assembly device of shaft bottom.Ferrule element 43 through applying shown in this figure.Fig. 3 D is the schematic diagram of employed stabilizer 46 in the drill tool assembly device of shaft bottom.Fig. 3 E is the schematic diagram of employed joint 48 in the drill tool assembly device of shaft bottom.

Drill string operates in the sea risers system and can cause wearing and tearing to standpipe owing to drill-well operation.Occur because the vibration of the standpipe that ocean current causes can slow down and can suppress marine growth by coating, thereby further reduce the drag effect relevant with the stream that flows.With reference to figure 4, disclosed herein 50 use coatings can be used for reducing because friction and the vibration that ocean current causes in the riser tube outside.In addition, disclosed herein on sleeve inner axle bush 52 and can use coating to can be used for reducing friction and wearing and tearing by other contact position with the sleeve means protection through applying.Ferrule element 53 through applying can be suitable for standpipe connection and shown in this figure.

The Plunger Lift device removes water by moving up and down from well in oil pipe column.Plunger Lift device external diameter and pipe aperture can frayed impact and the efficient of Plunger Lift device reduce with wearing and tearing and contact friction.But the maximum admissible deviation that will increase the operation of Plunger Lift device and the application area that increases this technology reduce to rub.Make the wearing and tearing of oil pipe and Plunger Lift device reduce the time lag that will increase between the required maintenance.From the operation viewpoint, the wearing and tearing that reduce pipe aperture are highly to wish.And the internal surface that applies the Plunger Lift device may be useful.Ferrule element through applying can be incorporated into the outside of Plunger Lift device instrument, and wherein the external diameter of ferrule element will deduct a certain tolerance no better than the internal diameter that device is operated the oil pipe at place, slide in oil pipe column to allow plunger.According to the design of Plunger Lift device, these ferrule element will change and make instrument to recover to use at the scene.Selectively, the whole surface area of Plunger Lift device can be coated to reduce friction and to wear and tear.In bypass condition, if flow resistance is reduced by the coating on the tool interior, then fluid will more easily flow through instrument, and the permission instrument descends sooner.

The completion sliding sleeve can axially move, for example by impacting coiled tubing so that cylindrical sleeve with respect to being shifted up or down for the tool body of cylindricality.These sleeves because from earth formation material and dirty body and the sedimental destruction of gathering and to friction, wearing and tearing, corrode, corrosion and to adhere to be responsive.Some part to ferrule element will help to guarantee that coated with permission movement in these sliding sleeve systems the sliding sleeve device will can not adhere to when the sliding sleeve device need to move.

Sucker rod and Corod ^TMPipe fitting uses in pumping unit, and in order to oil pump being delivered to the surface in the low pressure well, and it also can be used for water pump is gone out gas well.Friction and wear is along with bar moves and recurs with respect to oil pipe column.The reducing of friction can make it possible to select less pumping unit and reduce be used for the power demand that well pump send operation (referring to Fig. 5).With reference to figure 5A, sleeve through applying disclosed herein can use at the place, contact position of bar pumping installations, includes but not limited to as with the mutually attached sucker rod joiner with sleeve means, sucker rod guide 60, sucker rod 62, tubing packer 64, the shaft bottom pump 66 of sucker rod 62 with bore a hole 68.With reference to figure 5B, coating disclosed herein can be used at polished rod clamp 70 and polished rod 72, in order to surface and the good sealing of smooth durable to be provided.Ferrule element 71 through applying is shown as and is positioned at sucker rod sealing place, in order to low friction tight seal to be provided.Fig. 5 C is the schematic diagram of sucker rod 62, and wherein coating disclosed herein can be used for preventing friction and wear and is used on the threaded connector 74.The form that sucker rod joiner 73 can be used as ferrule element is coated on himself right side, and perhaps it can be fit to use with the sleeve that the outside applies, and so that the low friction durable surface that contacts with oil pipe column to be provided, it is to-and-fro motion in oil pipe column.

The pump of the drilling fluid on being used for rig and be used for piston and/or the band sleeve means in the piston bushing of the pump of well oil recovery activity oil recovery fluid can be coated to reduce friction and wear, make it possible to improve pump performance and extension fixture life-span.Because come pumping acid with certain equipment, the sleeve bushing through applying also can reduce corrosion and erosion damage to these devices.

Expandable pipe fitting usually extends, utilizes suspension assembly to support in the hole and expands by axle being advanced pass pipeline subsequently.The surface that applies axle can greatly reduce the axle load, and allows expandable pipe fitting to use under the slant well larger than other possible case or larger expansion ratio.Axle can be set the band sleeve means that has in the position of high contact stress through applying for.If removable, then these will realize that through the sleeves that apply axle tool life of growing and possible scene remedy.The speed of expansive working and efficient can reduce to be improved by obvious friction.Axle is taper cylinder and the cylinder of bordering on that can be believed to comprise varied radius; Selectively, conical mandrel can be considered to have complex geometric shapes.

For the benefit of flow resistance and corrosion/erosion reduction, control pipeline and conduit can be coated in inside.Glass fiber can be pumped down under the resistance that is reducing in the conduit through applying and the steering knuckle.

The instrument that operates in well is generally cylindrical body or comprises the body of bordering on cylinder with varied radius, and described body operates at wire rope or rigid conduit in sleeve pipe, oil pipe and naked hole.Surface friction drag increases along with the well inclination or local hole curvature increases and increases, so that operating on the wire rope of this instrument is insecure.This instrument operated on wire rope under larger inclination reliably or reduce to utilize coiled tubing, tractor or pumping installations promotes instrument downwards along horizontal well power downwards with sleeve means through what apply at the contact surface place.The tabulation of this instrument includes but not limited to: logging tool, PUNCH GUN and packet (referring to Fig. 6).With reference to figure 6A, coating disclosed herein can be used at the outer surface of calliper logging tool 80, to reduce the friction and wear with naked hole 82 or sleeve pipe (not shown).Parts 83 with maximum diameter can add sleeve with the low-friction coating sleeve, so that instrument can move in the hole with less resistance and wearing and tearing.With reference to figure 6B, coating disclosed herein can be used in the tyre sleeve surface 85 of acoustic logging prober 84, includes but not limited to sender unit 86 and signal receiver 88, to reduce and sleeve pipe 90 or the friction and wear in naked hole.With reference to figure 6C and 6D, coating disclosed herein can be used at the sleeve 95 with sleeve surface 93 and PUNCH GUN 94 of the outer coating of packer tool 92, to reduce the friction and wear with naked hole.The low-surface-energy of coating will stop the adhesion of stratum and instrument, and also can enlarge corrosion and corrode limit.

The elongate cylindrical body of wire rope in sleeve pipe, oil pipe and naked hole, operating.In more detail, every personal share all is cylinder, and the stranded strand of bundle for out-of-alignment cylinder formation, and it consists of effective cylinder of wire rope jointly.The friction and wear that there is frictional force in place, contact position between wire rope and naked hole and therefore utilizes low-friction coating coating wire rope to make it possible to reduce operates.Kernmantle, multicore conduit, single core conduit and piano wire can all advantageously be coated with low-friction coating (referring to Fig. 7).With reference to figure 7A, coating disclosed herein can be applied to wire rope 100 by the bundle 106 that is applied to rope 102, each personal share 104 of restricting or thigh.The pulley type device 108 that Fig. 7 B sees can be used for moving by wire rope 100 and is transported to logging tool in sleeve pipe, oil pipe and the naked hole.Pulley gear can advantageously use the sleeve through applying in the zone of the pulley that stands load and wearing and tearing owing to friction and bearing.

The casing stabbing board of downhole tool and contact ring are the band sleeve means, and it can be coated, with the surface friction drag that reduces to place these devices and the shaft bottom motion particularly is provided with higher well angle of inclination in well.

B. be mainly the static cylindrical body through applying:

Exist to be used for outside, inside or the two the diversified application with the sleeve part through applying of cylindrical body (such as, the pipe of pipe or remodeling), to be mainly used in that opposing is corroded, corrosion and wearing and tearing, still also for reducing the friction of flow.That cylindrical body can be is coaxial, that border on, out-of-alignment, any combination that do not border on or above-mentioned, and its middle sleeve is arranged in relatively the proximal position for internal surface or the outer surface of cylindrical body.In these are used, can within the long time period, be static basically through what apply with the sleeve cylindrical device, still perhaps the secondary benefits of the sleeve through applying or application are to reduce Friction load when process units is installed.

The exemplary of this application is listed below:

Perforated basepipe, fluting parent tube or the screen cloth parent tube that is used for sandstone control usually in completion and recover the oil process during (for example gravel packing or pressure break packing are processed) and during the well productive life through weathering and corrosion failure.For example, the larger internal diameter that the coating of utilizing the inventive method to obtain will be provided for flowing with respect to thicker plastic coating also reduces flow pressure drop.In another example, the fluid that produces of corrosion may erosion material and is passed in time and cause material unaccounted-for (MUF).And the stratigraphic interval of high yield can provide enough height so that cause the liquid speed of erosion.These fluids may also carry solid particle, such as the particulate or the stratum sandstone that are tending towards completion system was lost efficacy.The sediments of pitch, paraffin, dirty body and hydrate also may form at the completion equipment such as parent tube.Coating can by reduce to rub, the effect of wearing and tearing, burn into erosion and deposition provides benefit in these cases.(referring to Fig. 8) discloses some coating that is used for the screen cloth application in U.S. Patent No. 6,742 among the 586B2.In this is used, through apply with the use of sleeve means owing to the installation that has reduced friction and wear and make things convenient for the sandstone control gear.Band sleeve means through applying also can be used as " blast joint ", wherein higher sandstone and the proppant particles speed working life that can expect to reduce the sandstone sieve net materials.

Cleaning hose, ram's horns and the maintenance tool that in gravel packing operation, uses can inner, externally or the two apply, corrode and flow resistance reducing.Have the gravel packing for the fluid that is entrained with solid by with high speed pumping by these devices.Use with the specific location that sleeve means can be in these instruments, can not weather owing to sandstone and proppant flow with the main body of protective gear.

Blast joint can be advantageously coated, has larger repellence with the erosion that the high velocity impact by fluid and solid is caused.Through can advantageously using in the specific location of blast joint with sleeve means of applying, can expect to have maximum wear-resisting destruction amount in this specific location.

In order to reduce friction and opposing corrosion and to corrode, can apply thin wire netting.Coating procedure can before the braiding or before the collecting net after weaving or the two or be applied in combination each cylindricality thigh.Screen cloth can be believed to comprise many cylinders.Rope strand can be pulled through applicator, to realize applying coating at the whole surface area of rope.Coatings applications includes but not limited to: be arranged in sandstone screen cloth, Mazeflo in the well completion interval ^TMCompletion screen cloth, sintered screen, wire twine screen cloth, be used for solid control shake screen cloth and as other screen cloth of Oil/gas Well process units.Coating can be applied to filter medium, screen cloth parent tube or the two at least a portion.(referring to Fig. 8) Fig. 8 illustrates the exemplary application of coating disclosed herein on screen cloth and parent tube.Especially, coating disclosed herein can be applied to the slotted liner of screen cloth 110 and parent tube 112 as shown in Figure 8A and 8B, to prevent burn into erosion and deposition thereon.The detailed recent photograph of Fig. 8 A has shown that the ferrule element 111 through applying is outside at screen cloth, slides in the shaft bottom with the surface friction drag that reduces to allow it.Coating disclosed herein also can be applied to the screen cloth in the mud vibrating screen 114 of the solid control apparatus shown in Fig. 8 C.Through can using with these above-mentioned devices by variety of way with sleeve means of applying, to reduce during installation in the friction of well contacting point and to reduce at the erosion damage that recovers the oil and production period causes owing to sandstone and proppant flow in the applied specific location of sleeve.

Can reduce the material hardness demand and alleviate corrosion and the corrosive effect of some device and parts with sleeve means through what apply, make it possible to the lower material of user cost as the alternative of stellite, carbide, MP35N, high alloy material and other expensive material of selecting based on this purpose.

C. plate, dish and complex geometric shapes:

Exist many can be to using such as the non-cylindrical device of plate and dish or to the band sleeve means through applying that more complicated geometrical shape is considered.An exemplary application of coiling this geometrical shape is can be in one or both sides coated with the washer arrangement that reduces in the friction of installing operation period.The benefit of coating can come from the sliding contact friction and wear that the relative movement with respect to other device causes minimizing or may from the minimizing of the interactional burn into erosion and deposition of flow, or realize by the two combination in many cases.These application can be benefited from the use of coating as described below.

The exemplary lists of this type of application is as follows:

Choke, valve, valve seat, Sealing, ball valve, inflow control device, smart well valve and annular isolation valve can use parts through applying such as sleeve and packing ring valuably, the erosion, corrosion and the destruction that cause to reduce sediments.Many devices in these devices are used for wellhead equipment (referring to Fig. 9 and 10).Especially, with reference to figure 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D and 9E, valve 113, preventer 115, well head 114, lower kelly cock 116 and gas lifting valve 118 can use sleeve and the packing ring 117 through applying with coating disclosed herein, providing friction in high-speed component, to corrode and the repellence of corrosion, and smooth surfaces of these devices through applying provide the sealability of enhancing.In Fig. 9 E, the sleeve 119 through applying can be used for making the gas lift device easily to enter side pocket and correctly sealing.In addition, with reference to figure 10A, 10B and 10C, choke 120, orifice meter 122 and turbine flowmeter 124 can have sleeve and the packing ring 123 through applying that use has coating disclosed herein, so that flow controller and other parts (for example, impeller and rotor) to the further opposing of friction, erosion and corrosion to be provided.Reduce friction and wear by the different piece at process units with identical or different coating, other surface area of same process units can be subject to through the sleeve of coating and the protection of packing ring.

Seat, oil nozzle, valve, side pocket, axle, packer slip, packet locking plate etc. can use sleeve and the washer arrangement through applying with low-friction coating valuably.

Subsurface safety is used in the situation that might lose surperficial leak tightness control and flow.These valves usually are used in the offshore well, to increase operation integrity and the usually requirement by stipulating.The reliability of subsurface safety and the improvement of validity provide remarkable benefit and can be in the situation that the valve test fault is avoided expensive work-over operation to the operation integrity.In mobile control valve unit, the sealability of enhancing, to the friction and wear of the repellence of burn into erosion and deposition and minimizing because these are former thereby may be very useful.In subsurface safety, use sleeve and packing ring through applying will improve their operability and obtain above-mentioned benefit.

Gas lifting and chemical product injection valve are usually used in oil pipe column, and with the injection of realization fluid, and the coating layer portion of these devices will improve their performance.Reduce static pressure head and increase flowing of artesian well with the gas lifting, and for example inject chemical product to suppress to hinder in the well hydrate that flows or the formation of dirty body.In gas lifting and chemical product injection valve, use sleeve and packing ring through applying will improve their operability and obtain above-mentioned benefit.

Elbow, T shape pipe and joiner can be in internal coat in order to reduce fluid friction and prevent dirty body and sedimental gathering.In these are used, can be used on the high particular locations that corrodes through what apply with sleeve means, such as other zone that fluid mixes and wall impacts that is used in curved part, transition joint, T shape pipe and entrained solids.

Can apply ball bearing, sleeve bearing and the shaft bearing of rotating equipment, rub and wear resistance to provide low, and realize the longer life-span of bearing means.

Wear-resisting axle bush can utilize the band sleeve means through applying, and is used for reducing friction and wear and is used for improving operability.

The sleeve through applying in dynamic metal-metal seal can be used to strengthen or replaces elastomer in reciprocal and/or the rotating seal component.

Moyno ^TMBe included in the blade rotor that rotates in the fixed stator with progressive cavity pump.The band sleeve means through applying in these parts will be realized improved operation and increase pump efficiency and durability.

Impeller in the pumping unit of rotation and stator can comprise the band sleeve means through applying, so that opposing is corroded and wearing and tearing, and in the situation that exist trickle solid to realize durability in a fluid stream.This application comprises submersible pump.

What be used for the control of drilling fluid solid in the centrifugal device strengthens the effective force of these devices through what apply with sleeve means by the obstruction that prevents the centrifuge discharging.Can prolong the working life of centrifuge by the erosion resisting that is provided by the ferrule element through applying.

Spring in the coated instrument can have contact friction and the long reliability in working life that reduces.Example comprises safety valve, gas lifting valve, shock-absorbing connection and bumper jar.

The logging tool device can utilize the band sleeve means through applying, and comprises in order to improvement arm, corer, fluid sampling bottle and other device are deployed to operation in the well.If the coating of applying is then stretched out and then is retracted into device in the instrument from instrument and can more be not easy to stop up owing to friction and solid deposits.

The marine salvage equipment that includes but not limited to washover pipe road, grapple and slip socket can use the sleeve through applying valuably, to be conducive to locking on well or to remove separating component or " salvaging " of equipment from well.Low friction in the slip socket pipeline enters and can promote by the sleeve through applying, and the hard conating on the grapple can improve the interlocking of instrument.(referring to Figure 11) especially, with reference to figure 11A, coating disclosed herein can be applied to washover pipe road 130, washover pipe road connector sleeve 132, rotation sliding shoes 134 and fishing device, the friction that enters wash-over string to reduce fish 136.Taper and the sleeve 133 through applying can be used for alleviating fish entering to the washover pipe road.In addition, with reference to figure 11B, coating disclosed herein can be applied to grapple 138, is used for good clamping to keep material hardness.

D. be threaded:

High strength pipe material and special alloy in the field use may easily abrade, and coated thread connection set valuably is in order to reduce friction and increase surface hardness and need not to redress screw thread so that pipeline and connection set can be reused at the connection set assembly process.Can there be the scratch risk by realizing higher contact stress to improve sealability.

Sleeve pipe, oil pipe, drilling pipe, drill collar, work string, surperficial flowline, oil recovery (stimulation) processing pipeline, the pin and/or the thread die cutting that are used for connecting other screw connection that screw thread, sea risers and the production operation of downhole tool comprise can be coated with low-friction coating disclosed herein valuably.Can be individually or with current technology be used to improving connection set assembling and scratching performance coated thread in combination, comprise the Shot peening of screw thread and cold rolling, and possibly but the chemical treatment of the not high screw thread of possibility.(referring to Figure 12) with reference to figure 12A, pin 150 and/or overlap 152 and can be coated with coating disclosed herein.With reference to figure 12B, screw thread 154 and/or shoulder 156 can be coated with coating disclosed herein.Ferrule element 153 through applying is shown at the connecting pin place.In Figure 12 C, the threaded connector (not shown) of threaded fitting 158 can be coated with coating disclosed herein.In Figure 12 D, can be by prevent the scratch 159 of screw thread 154 with coating disclosed herein.Coating in this case can be applied to a group or two groups of screw threads in the screw connection.

E. the exemplary bush structure that is used for DRILLING APPLICATION

When drill string extended during drilling process or shortens, the pipeline section of drilling pipe was screwed around together and outwards winding.Some modern rigs utilize automatic equipment to carry out this operation, and it is called " make and connect ".As shown in FIG. 13A, slips 171 is arranged in rig floor or the rotating platform 173 to keep drill string 175, and pipeline is outwarded winding, and connects "off".The pipeline of taking apart that is kept by the rig lift can be added to tubing string when pipeline moves in the hole, or can be removed when pipeline is taken out from the hole.In Figure 13 A, the link 177 that is kept by slips is tool-joint cover link.

Figure 13 B has shown according to the ferrule element 181 through applying on the pin 179 of the link of standard " pin downwards " convention orientation.Note, gravitational vectors 180 points to lower.Should be understood that this is inconvenient from the angle of following situation: when link disconnects and the pipeline that separates when being removed, just do not drop to ground if sleeve is attached in some way or fall down along the hole.At U. S. Patent 7,028, in 788, Strand by sleeve and pin link are threaded so that sleeve solves this problem being connected to form to be fixed together with off period and pin.

Should be understood that may there be some problem in the threaded sleeve system, because during drilling process, U. S. Patent 7,028, the screw thread of concrete appointment is exposed to the drilling pipe outside and near stratum and drilling fluid in 788.Destroyed or have a possibility of the earth formation material of packing in screw thread with showing significantly these screw threads.In addition, the extra cost relevant with maintenance with the manufacturing of screw thread on sleeve and pin will be had.If the screw thread of sleeve or pin link is destroyed, then the corresponding part of equipment must keep in repair before follow-up use.

But an exemplary system of selection is " pin upwards " structure that uses shown in Figure 13 C.Because pin 179 facing up, sleeve 181 can directly be placed on the pin when making this link, and sleeve remains on original position when disconnecting this connection.Again, gravitational vectors 180 points to lower in the figure.Randomly, if prevent that sleeve from freely rotating and not using the optional apparatus of attachment sleeve with respect to drilling pipe if wish, a kind of non-limiting device that then prevents sleeve rotating is to use key or groove, and inner sleeve surface and the corresponding transverse cross-sectional area of cartouche maybe can be provided for the sleeve on the pin link.

Figure 13 D illustrates the zoomed-in view of profile structure in the oval sleeve.Outer sleeve surface 183 has circular cross section, such as the internal surface 188 of pin connection.Usually, the screw thread of pin is formed on the conical section of taper.Yet in the low stress zones above screw thread of pin, oval cross section 186 is processed to mate the size of sleeve interior surface cross section 184, wherein slides on the pin body at screw thread with the permission sleeve by suitable tolerance.Need to carefully analyze to guarantee to exist in sleeve enough strengths of materials, so that under the expection torsional load, it is indeformable, and pin intensity can be not impaired.Usually, material can be in the situation that can not affect that pin intensity is removed until the oblique angle diameter.What recognize is that pipeline will rotate in a direction, can consider asymmetric profile, and can design other selectable cross-sectional profiles in the situation that do not depart from spirit of the present disclosure.

In the situation that does not depart from the basic conception that utilizes low-friction material favourable when the ferrule element that applies is utilized in drilling well, can be susceptible to the selectable mode that the proximal region of utilizing pin link, cover link or other drilling pipe is attached to sleeve tool-joint.

Drilling condition, application and benefit:

The Detailed Inspection that is drilling process can help to determine to use valuably some challenges and the chance with the concrete application of sleeve means through applying in the well production process for an importance of production operation.

Utilize the rotary drilling system to drill through deep-well for oil-gas mining and production, described rotary drilling system is that drill bit forms boring by means of the Rock Cutting instrument.The moment of torsion that drives this drill bit is produced on the surface by the motor with mechanical transmission case usually.By means of this speed changer, motor has driven rotating platform or top drive unit.The medium that energy is transferred to drill bit from the surface is drill string, and it mainly is comprised of drilling pipe.The bottom of drill string is shaft bottom drill tool assembly (this paper is abbreviated as BHA), and it is by other known installation composition of drill bit, drill collar, stabilizer, measuring tool, lower reamer, motor and art technology people personnel.The combination of drill string and shaft bottom drill tool assembly is referred to herein as drill rod assemblies.Selectively, coiled tubing can replace drill string, and this paper that is combined in of coiled tubing and shaft bottom drill tool assembly is also referred to as drill rod assemblies.In other structure, near the cutting element the casing shoe comprises " adding cover in the time of drilling well " system.Disclosed hereinly provide particular benefits in this shaft bottom drill-well operation through what apply with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units.

By current advanced oriented drilling technology, can drill through a plurality of lateral borehole from same initial well.This can mean in the much longer degree of depth and creep into and use directed-drilling technique, for example, and by using rotary steering system (this paper is abbreviated as RSS).Although this provides mainly is advantage in cost and the logistics, it has also greatly increased the wearing and tearing on drill string and sleeve pipe.In some situation of orientation or extended reach well drilling, vertically squareness is that inclination (with the angle of vertical formation) can be as big as 90 °, and this generally is called horizontal well.In drill-well operation, drill string component is tended to lean against on the sidewall of boring or casing and is laid.In directional well, this tendency is because Action of Gravity Field and larger.Along with length and/or the deflection increase of drill string, the formed whole friction of rotary drill column drags effect and also increases.Drag the increase of effect in order to overcome this friction, need extra power to come rotary drill column.The friction and wear that forms thus affects drilling efficiency.The restriction of the available torque capacity that fathoming of can realizing in these cases can be subjected to drilling well and the torsional strength of drill string.Need to find more effective solution to use existing rig and driving mechanism increasing device life-span and drilling duty, to expand the horizontal coverage area of these operations.

The deep drilling well environment especially in the hard rock layer, causes the serious vibration of drill rod assemblies, and it can cause the premature failure of the decline of drill bit penetration speed and bottom equipment.Drill rod assemblies axially, reverse ground, laterally or usually vibrate the vibration that namely interrelates with the combination of these three kinds of basic models.The use with sleeve means through applying disclosed herein can reduce the required moment of torsion of drilling well and also provide the instable resistivity of torsional vibration, comprises that the slips adhesion vibration function of drill string and shaft bottom drill tool assembly is unusual.The drill string moment of torsion that reduces can allow the drilling operator to come drilling well than high transmission rate (ROP) when using conventional drilling equipment.The band sleeve means through applying in the drill string disclosed herein can prevent or postpone drill string and begin warpage, comprises the spiral warpage, and can prevent that drill rod assemblies relevant with vibration during drill-well operation lost efficacy and relevant nonproductive time.

Drill string comprise be selected from drilling pipe, tool-joint, at drill string with comprise that transition conduit, the stem that comprises tool-joint and wear-resistant pad and combination thereof between the shaft bottom drill tool assembly of tool-joint one can morely install.The shaft bottom drill tool assembly comprises one or more device, and it is selected from but is not limited to: stabilizer, variable gauge stabilizer, return reamer, drill collar, flexible drill collar, rotary steerable tool, the roller reamer, shock-absorbing connection, the drilling fluid motor, the simultaneous logging of drilling well (LWD) instrument, measure (MWD) instrument in the time of drilling well, sampling tool, lower reamer, reamer, centralizer, turbine, curved housing, crooked motor, drill jar, accelerate bumper jar, crossover sub, lower bumper jar, moment of torsion reduces instrument, floating junction, fishing tool, fishing jar, washover pipe, logging tool, the exploration tool-joint, any one non magnetic mating member and the combination external connection device relevant with it thereof in these devices.

Band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through applying disclosed herein can be used in the drill rod assemblies, wherein downhole temperature is in the scope of from 20 to 400 ℉, its lower limit is 20,40,60,80 or 100 ℉, and on be limited to 150,200,250,300,350 or 400 ℉.In rotary drilling operation period, the drilling rotary speed of surface can be in 0 to 200RPM scope, and its lower limit is 0,10,20,30,40 or 50RPM, and on be limited to 100,120,140,160,180 or 200RPM.In addition, in rotary drilling operation period, drilling liquid pressure can be from 14psi to 20, and in the scope of 000psi, its lower limit is 14,100,200,300,400,500 or 1000psi, and on be limited to 5000,10000,15000 or 20000psi.

In one form, the disclosed herein of coating provides the wear resistance of large at least 2 times, 3 times, 4 times or 5 times of device than uncoated through what apply with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units at least a portion of the outer surface that exposes.In addition, disclosed herein through apply with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units when being used in drill rod assemblies on and coating compare the minimizing that casing wear is provided when being positioned at least a portion on surface when drill rod assemblies when the use uncoated is rotated drilling well.In addition, disclosed herein through apply with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units when being used in drill rod assemblies on and coating be rotated drill-well operation so that casing wear is reduced by at least 2 times or 3 times or 4 times or 5 times with respect to the uncoated drill rod assemblies of use when being positioned at least a portion on surface.

Coating on the drill rod assemblies disclosed herein also can eliminate or the reduce friction speed of coefficient weakens.More specifically, be used for drilling through for the rotary drilling system of hydrocarbon exploitation and the gun drilling of producing usually experience cause and be called the instable serious torsional vibration that " slips adhesions " vibrated, it is characterized in that (i) adhesion phase, wherein drill bit or BHA slow down until it stops (relative sliding velocity is zero), and (ii) sliding phase, wherein the relative sliding velocity of downhole component accelerates to rapidly than the much bigger value of the rotational speed that applies by the rig in the surface (RPM).This problem is for sharp-pointed especially for the lip-deep fixed blade that is installed in drill body or drag bit that cutter forms.Non-linear in the essential laws of friction caused the unstable of the stable friction slip that overcomes the slips stick oscillations.Therefore, this causes complicated problem.

The speed that represents by the friction factor that reduces along with the relative sliding velocity increase weakens the unstability of reversing that characteristic can cause triggering slips adhesion vibration.Sliding unstable is problem in the drilling well, because it is one of principal element of restriction maximum penetration speed.In DRILLING APPLICATION, advantageously avoid the slips coherent condition, this is because it causes vibration and wearing and tearing, comprises beginning to destroy the vibration that interrelates.Weaken characteristic by reducing or eliminating speed, the coating on the drill string component disclosed herein makes system enter continuous sliding mode, and wherein relative sliding velocity is constant and can not vibrates (avoid slips adhere to) or present the swift and violent acceleration or deceleration of local RPM.Even for by avoiding slips to adhere to the existing method of motion to drilling fluid with lubricant additive or tablet,, under load and little Sliding velocity, slips still may occur and adhere to motion in supreme people's court.Coating on the drill rod assemblies disclosed herein can guarantee also not exist slips to adhere to motion in supreme people's court under load.

In the interval that mainly comprises shale formation, another kind of drilling problem is common.When the shale smear metal adhered to the bit cutting face owing to different hydrodynamic pressures, " drill bit balling " may occur, thereby obviously reduced drilling efficiency and ROP.The shale smear metal adheres to the BHA device and causes the drilling well poor efficiency such as stabilizer.These problems are owing to using the drilling fluid based on water to aggravate, and based on the drilling fluid of water because cost and environment reason and may be preferred.

Drilling well vibration and drill bit balling are two modal inducements of drilling well poor efficiency.These poor efficiencys can not be presented as the ROP limit or " breakdown point " along with the weight on the drill bit (this paper is abbreviated as WOB) with on such as the linear meaning that increases of the drill bit rpm (this paper is abbreviated as RPM) of predicting according to the mechanicalness the subject of knowledge and the object of knowledge of drill bit at ROP.This limit is schematically illustrated in Figure 14.What have realized that in the drilling well industry is that drilling rod vibration and drill bit balling are two factors that challenge is arranged most of restriction penetration speed.Band sleeve means through applying disclosed herein can be applied to drill rod assemblies, to help to alleviate these ROP limit.

In addition, will improve the performance of drilling tool through what apply with sleeve means, in particular for the shaft bottom drill tool assembly of drilling well in the stratum that comprises clay and similar substance.These cladding materials provide thermomechanics low-yield surface, for example, are used for the surface of not soaking of downhole device.Coating disclosed herein is suitable for carrying out oil/gas drilling in many clays zone, for example uses the drilling fluid (this paper is abbreviated as WBM) based on water to carry out the dark shale drilling well of high clay content, to prevent shaft bottom drill tool assembly balling.

In addition, the band sleeve means through applying disclosed herein can reduce simultaneously contact friction, balling and reduce wearing and tearing when being applied to drill string component, can not sacrifice durability and the mechanical integrity of sleeve pipe simultaneously.Thereby coating disclosed herein is " sleeve-friendly ", because they can not make life-span of sleeve pipe or functional deteriorated.Coating disclosed herein is characterised in that the receptance of the speed that weakens frictional behavior low or insensitive.Therefore, be provided with the drill rod assemblies with sleeve means through applying disclosed herein low-friction surface is provided, its advantage both had been to have alleviated slips and had adhered to vibration, had reduced again parasitic torque, thereby had further realized super large displacement drilling well.

The band sleeve means through applying disclosed herein that is used for drill rod assemblies provides following exemplary nonrestrictive advantage: i) alleviate slips and adhere to and vibrate; Ii) reduce moment of torsion and drag effect, in order to prolong the displacement of extended reach well; And iii) alleviate drill bit and other shaft bottom drill tool assembly balling.These advantages can cause the drilling well penetration speed of shaft bottom drilling equipment and the obvious improvement of durability together with minimizing parasitic torque, thereby also help to shorten nonproductive time (this paper is abbreviated as NPT).Coating disclosed herein is not only reduced friction, but also tolerance requires the disadvantageous downhole drill environment of chemical stability, corrosion resistance, impact resistance, wear resistance, erosion resisting and mechanical integrity (coating-substrate interface intensity).Coating disclosed herein also can be stood the check of complex geometric shapes application and can not damage medium property.In addition, coating disclosed herein also provides the low-yield surface required to the repellence of downhole device balling.

Exemplary band sleeve means mode of execution through applying:

The discussion of drilling process has been concentrated on the benefit with the friction and wear of sleeve means through applying, be mainly used in the cylinder of sliding contact, and determined that also low-yield surface is used for reducing the benefit that formation cuttings adheres to downhole device.These identical technical orders are suitable for the situation of other cylinder of sliding contact owing to relative movement, and it is suitable for using the band sleeve means through applying of the situation that correspondingly has modification.

Reducing friction and wearing and tearing is to because relative movement and the body of sliding contact applies the mainspring of coating.For stationary apparatus, the motivation of coating may be slightly different with benefit.Although friction and wear may be important subfactor (for example in the first installation of this device), but the principal benefits with sleeve means through applying can be their resistivities to corroding, corroding and deposit, more be similar to and reduce shale formation to the problem of the adhesion of BHA, so and these factors become the Main Basis of their choice and operation.

In an illustrative embodiments, band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through applying comprises the Oil/gas Well process units, this Oil/gas Well process units comprises: one or more cylindrical body, the coating on the external diameter of one or more cylindrical body or near one or more sleeve the internal diameter and at least a portion in inner sleeve surface, outer sleeve surface or its combination of one or more sleeve, its floating coat be selected from amorphous alloy, through composite material (wherein phosphorus content is greater than 12wt%), graphite, the MoS of heat treated nickel-phosphorus based on electroless coating or plating ₂, WS ₂, based on the composite material of fullerene, based on boride ceramet, quasi-crystalline state material, based on adamantine material, diamond-like-carbon (DLC), boron nitride and above-mentioned combination.

In another kind of illustrative embodiments, the Oil/gas Well process units through applying comprises the Oil/gas Well process units, and this Oil/gas Well process units comprises: one or more body, and wherein this one or more body does not comprise drill bit; And at the outer surface of one or more body or near one or more sleeve the internal surface; And the coating at least a portion of inner sleeve surface, outer sleeve surface or its combination of one or more sleeve, wherein this coating be selected from amorphous alloy, through composite material (wherein phosphorus content is greater than 12wt%), graphite, the MoS of heat treated nickel-phosphorus based on electroless coating or plating ₂, WS ₂, based on the composite material of fullerene, based on boride ceramet, quasi-crystalline state material, based on adamantine material, diamond-like-carbon (DLC), boron nitride and above-mentioned combination.

The friction factor of coating can be less than or equal to 0.15 or 0.13 or 0.11 or 0.09 or 0.07 or 0.05.Frictional force can be calculated as follows: frictional force=normal force * friction factor.In another form, the Oil/gas Well process units through applying can have the dynamic friction coefficient of 50% or 60% or 70% or 80% or 90% coating of the static friction coefficient of the coating of being not less than.In another form, the Oil/gas Well process units through applying can have the coating dynamic friction coefficient more than or equal to the static friction coefficient of coating.

Band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through applying can be made by iron-based steel, Al base alloy, Ni base alloy and Ti base alloy.4142 shaped steel are be used to a kind of nonrestrictive exemplary iron-based steel with the Oil/gas Well process units of sleeve.In advance surface treatment can be randomly stood on the surface of iron-based steel base before applying coating.In advance surface treatment can provide one or more of in the following benefit: the fatigue resistance of the durability of the prolongation of coating, the wear resistance of enhancing, the friction factor that reduces, enhancing and the decay resistance of expansion.Non-restrictive illustrative shifts to an earlier date surface treatment and comprises: Implantation, nitrogenize, carbonization, Shot peening, laser and electron beam glazing, laser peening reinforcement process and above-mentioned combination.This surface treatment can be by introducing harden matrix surface and/or introduce dark compressive residual stress of other material, thereby suppress the crack growth that tired, impact and wear-out failure cause.

The coating with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through applying disclosed herein can be selected from amorphous alloy, through composite material, graphite, the MoS of heat treated nickel-phosphorus based on electroless coating or plating ₂, WS ₂, based on the composite material of fullerene, based on boride ceramet, quasi-crystalline state material, based on adamantine material, diamond-like-carbon (DLC), boron nitride and above-mentioned combination.Can be chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond or polycrystalline diamond stone (PDC) based on adamantine material.In a kind of favourable mode of execution, Oil/gas Well process units through applying is coated with diamond-like-carbon (DLC) coating, and more specifically the DLC coating can be selected from tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C), tetrahedron amorphous hydrogenated carbon (ta-C:H), DLC hydrogenated carbon (DLCH), base polymer hydrogenated carbon (PLCH), class graphite hydrogenated carbon (GLCH), siliceous diamond-like-carbon (Si-DLC), metallic diamond-like-carbon (Me-DLC), oxygen containing diamond-like-carbon (O-DLC), nitrogenous diamond-like-carbon (N-DLC), the diamond-like-carbon of boracic (B-DLC), the diamond-like-carbon of fluoridizing (F-DLC) and above-mentioned combination.

The friction factor (COF) that significantly reduces the Oil/gas Well process units through applying will cause the minimizing of frictional force.When installing as the drill rod assemblies through applying, this is converted into and makes smear metal along the required less power of surface sliding.If frictional force is enough low, then can increase smear metal along the mobility on surface, until they can be left the surface of drill rod assemblies or be transported to anchor ring by lifting.Also possiblely be that smear metal may suppress because drilling fluid and be subjected to formation between the smear metal of drilling fluid extruding-cutterhead interface region, that smear metal remained on the caused smear metal of blocking to some extent of differential pressure on the cutterhead face along the mobility of the increase on surface.Reducing the lip-deep COF of Oil/gas Well process units finishes by applying these surfaces with coating disclosed herein.These coatings that are applied to the Oil/gas Well process units can tolerate disadvantageous drilling environment, comprise opposing erosion, burn into impulsive load and are exposed to high temperature.

Except low COF, coating of the present disclosure also has sufficiently high hardness to be provided at the durability that overcomes wearing and tearing during the Oil/gas Well production operation.More specifically, the Vickers hardness of the coating on the Oil/gas Well process units disclosed herein or suitable Vickers hardness can be more than or equal to 400,500,600,700,800,900,1000,1500,2000,2500,3000,3500,4000,4500,5000,5500 or 6000.Vickers hardness greater than 400 allows the Oil/gas Well process units through applying to be used for use based on the drilling fluid of water when as drill rod assemblies and uses spiral stabilizer to drill through shale.Spiral stabilizer causes that the tendency of BHA vibration is less than straight knife chip stabilizer.Figure 15 has described with respect to prior art drill string and BHA steel for the relation between coating COF for some coating disclosed herein and the coating hardness.When as the cover coat on the drill rod assemblies, the low COF of coating disclosed herein and the combination of high hardness provide and have been used for hard, the low COF durable material that downhole drill is used.

Also provide less than 1,0.9,0.8,0.7,0.6,0.5,0.4,0.3,0.2 or 0.1J/m with the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through applying of coating disclosed herein ²Surface energy.In underground rotary drilling operation, this helps to alleviate adhesion or the balling that is caused by the rock smear metal.Wrapping angle also can be used for quantizing the surface energy with the coating on the sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through applying disclosed herein.The water contact angle of coating disclosed herein is greater than 50,60,70,80 or 90 degree.

With disclosed herein through apply with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units in the relevant more details of the coating used as follows:

Amorphous alloy:

Be provided at high elastic limit/flow strength under the higher hardness as the amorphous alloy of the coating that is used for the Oil/gas Well process units through applying disclosed herein.These attributes allow these materials when meeting with stresses or comparing the elasticity that is preserved for higher strain/stress with the crystalline material such as being used for the steel of drill rod assemblies during strain.In Figure 16, described the amorphous alloy of the coating that is used for drill rod assemblies and the strain-stress relation between conventional crystal alloy/steel, and shown that conventional crystal alloy/steel compares with amorphous alloy and can under lower strain/stress, easily change plastic deformation into.Too early plastic deformation at the contact surface place causes that the crystalline state metal generates surface irregularity and the uneven contact force of consequent height and COF.The high elastic limit of amorphous metal alloy or amorphous material can reduce rough formation usually, thereby also causes significantly improving of wear resistance.Thereby as the COF that is used for amorphous alloy with the coating of the Oil/gas Well process units of sleeve and will causes reducing during production operation, form uneven and reduce device.

Can utilize multiple paint-on technique to deposit as the amorphous alloy that is used for the coating of the Oil/gas Well process units of sleeve, include but not limited to thermal spraying, cold spraying, built-up welding, laser beam surface glazing, Implantation and vapor deposition.Use laser or the electron beam of scanning, can the effects on surface glazing also cool off fast to form the amorphous surface layer.In glazing, the change surface component is to guarantee good glass ware forming ability and to increase hardness and wear resistance may be favourable.This can finish by being admixed to when scanning thermal source in the lip-deep molten bath.Hard mask coating also can comprise that plasma spraying applies by carry out thermal spraying in air or vacuum.Thinner full amorphous state coating as the coating that is used for the Oil/gas Well process units can obtain by film deposition techniques, includes but not limited to sputter, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and arc deposited.Some amorphous alloy component disclosed herein, such as approach to wait the atom chemistry metering (for example, Ni-Ti), can be by such as Shot peening or impact the remoldability distortion that loads and be gone crystalline state.Amorphous alloy as the coating for the Oil/gas Well process units disclosed herein produces the well balanced of wearing and tearing and frictional behaviour and the enough glass ware forming abilities of needs for the production technology that will adopt.

Composite coating based on Ni-P:

As disclosed herein be used to forming by inert particle is bathed to be co-deposited on the metal matrix from electrobath or electroless coating with the composite material of the nickel-phosphorus based on electroless coating and plating (Ni-P) of the Oil/gas Well process units of sleeve.The Ni-P composite coating provides the adhesive attraction with the excellence of most of metal and alloy substrate.The final character of these coatings depends on the phosphorus content of Ni-P matrix, and it determines the structure of coating, and depends on the characteristic of the particle of embedding, for example type, shape and size.The Ni-P coating that phosphorus content is low is the crystalline state Ni that contains supersaturation P.By increasing P content, the crystal lattices of nickel becomes more and more tighter and crystalline size reduces.Under the phosphorus content greater than 12wt% or 13wt% or 14wt% or 15wt%, coating mainly presents amorphous structure.The annealing of Amorphous Ni-P Alloy coating can cause that amorphous structure is converted into favourable crystal attitude.This crystallization can increase hardness, but corrosion resistance is worsened.Phosphorus in the alloy is abundanter, and crystallization process is just slower.This has enlarged the amorphous state scope of coating.The Ni-P composite coating can add other metallic element, includes but not limited to tungsten (W) and molybdenum (Mo), with the performance of further enhancing coating.Composite coating based on nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) disclosed herein can comprise the particle of micron order size and submicron order size.Nonrestrictive exemplary particle comprises: diamond, nanotube, carbide, nitride, boride, oxide and above-mentioned combination.Other non-restrictive example particle comprises plastics (for example, fluoropolymer) and hard metal.

Layered material and advanced composite material (ACM) coating layer:

Can use such as graphite, MoS ₂And WS ₂The layered material of (2H polymorphic platelet) is as the coating that is used for sleeve Oil/gas Well process units.In addition, also can use comprise fullerene-like nanoparticles based on the composite coated layer of fullerene as the coating that is used for the Oil/gas Well process units.Fullerene-like nanoparticles and typical Metal Phase alleviate conventional layered material (for example, graphite, MoS simultaneously than having favourable tribological properties ₂) shortcoming.Subsphaeroidal fullerene also can play the effect of nanometer ball bearing.The interests place that mainly contains of hollow fullerene-like nanoparticles helps following three kinds of effects: (a) rolling friction; (b) the fullerene nano particle is as spacer, and it has eliminated metal and Metal Contact between two coupling metal surfaces uneven, and (c) three kinds of bulk materials shift.When the shape of nano particle was kept, the slides/rolls of the fullerene-like nanoparticles in the interface between the friction surface can be the main scraping mechanism under the low-load.The beneficial effect of fullerene-like nanoparticles increases with load.The skin of finding fullerene-like nanoparticles is high contact load (~ 1GPa) lower peeling off.The transfer of the fullerene-like nanoparticles of delamination main scraping mechanism seemingly under the contact conditions of harshness.Can be by utilizing machinery and the tribological properties of fullerene-like nanoparticles in the Binder Phase that these particles is combined in coating layer.In addition, fullerene-like nanoparticles being combined in composite coating (for example, Ni-P electroless plating) in the metallic binding phase can provide and have the film that is suitable for the selflubricating of the coating of sleeve Oil/gas Well process units and excellent anti-adhesion characteristic.

Senior to the ceramet of boride and the composite material of metal matrix:

Can be formed on large volume (bulk) material as being used for owing to the high temperature exposure of heat treatment or the wearing and tearing initial stage heating during safeguarding with the coating of sleeve Oil/gas Well process units senior ceramet and the composite material of metal matrix based on boride.For example, based on the ceramet of boride (such as, TiB ₂-metal), surface layer is rich in boron oxide compound usually (such as, B ₂O ₃), it strengthens greasy property, thereby forms low coefficient of friction.

The quasi-crystalline state material:

The quasi-crystalline state material can be used as be used to the coating with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units.The quasi-crystalline state material has periodically atomic structure, but does not meet the 3-D symmetry properties that common crystalline material has usually.Because their crystallography structure, the overwhelming majority is icosahedron or decahedron, quasi-crystalline state material with chemical property of customization presents unique combination of properties, comprises low-yield surface, and it is attractive as the cladding material that is used for the Oil/gas Well process units.The quasi-crystalline state material is because their low-surface-energy (~ 30mJ/m on the stainless steel substrate with icosahedral Al-Cu-Fe chemical property ²) and inadhesive surface properties is provided.(400 ~ 600HV) combination is with for wear resistance can to provide low coefficient of friction (carry out scratch test at dry air with the diamond indentor and be ~ 0.05) and relatively high micro-hardness as the quasi-crystalline state material of the coating layer that is used for the Oil/gas Well process units.Quasi-crystalline state material as the coating layer that is used for the Oil/gas Well process units also can provide low corrosion surface, and has the low level and smooth and smooth surface of surface energy through the layer of coating, to be used for improving performance.The quasi-crystalline state material can be deposited on the metallic matrix by the paint-on technique of wide range, includes but not limited to thermal spraying, vapor deposition, laser cladding, built-up welding and arc deposited.

Superhard material (diamond, diamond-like-carbon, cubic boron nitride):

Can use such as the superhard material of diamond, DLC (DLC) and cubic boron nitride (CBN) as the coating that is used for sleeve Oil/gas Well process units.Diamond is human the hardest known material and can produces ultralow friction coefficient when being deposited on the ferrule element by chemical vapor deposition (this paper is abbreviated as CVD) under certain conditions.In one form, but CVD deposit carbon Direct precipitation on the surface of sleeve.In another form, the base coat of compatibilizer material (this paper is also referred to as buffer layer) can be applied to ferrule element before diamond deposition.For example, in the time of on being used in for the sleeve of drill rod assemblies, the adamantine cover coat of CVD not only provides and reduces smear metal in the trend of the adhesion of surface, but also makes it possible to (for example in the Gulf of Mexico) use spiral stabilizer in gumbo matter drill-well operation.Utilize the flow surface of CVD coated with CVD (chemical vapor deposition) diamond spiral stabilizer can make smear metal can flow through stabilizer, upwards enter the drill string anchor ring along the hole and can not adhere to stabilizer.

In a favourable mode of execution, diamond-like-carbon (DLC) can be used as be used to the coating with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units.DLC refers to and presents the amorphous carbon material that some are similar to the peculiar property of natural diamond.Be suitable for to be selected from ta-C, ta-C:H, DLCH, PLCH, GLCH, Si-DLC, Me-DLC, F-DLC and above-mentioned combination with the diamond-like-carbon (DLC) of sleeve Oil/gas Well process units.The DLC coating comprises a large amount of sp ³The doping carbon atom.These sp ³Key not only with crystal occur-in other words, the solid of long-range order-and occur with the non-crystalline solids of atom random alignment.In this case, only will carry out bonding between the independent atom of minority, i.e. short range order, rather than the long-range order of extending at a large amount of atoms.Key type has considerable influence to the material property of amorphous carbon film.If mainly be sp ²Type, then the DLC film may be more soft, and if mainly be sp ³Type, then the DLC film may be harder.

The DLC coating can be used as amorphous state, flexibility and still purely is sp ³" diamond " of bonding made.The hardest is is known as tetrahedron amorphous carbon or ta-C(referring to Figure 17) mixture.This ta-C comprises the sp of high-volume fractional (~ 80%) ³Bonding carbon atom.The optional filler that is used for the DLC coating includes but not limited to hydrogen, graphite sp ²Carbon and metal, and can adopt other form to use, with the combination of properties that realizes according to application-specific wishing.Various forms of DLC coatings can be applied to various matrixes compatible with vacuum environment and that also conduct electricity.The DLC coating quality also depends on the mark content such as the alloy element of hydrogen.Some DLC painting method needs hydrogen or methane as precursor gases, and can keep the hydrogen of quite large percentage in the DLC material of therefore finishing.In order further to improve their tribological property and mechanical property, usually add other alloyage and/or doped chemical and revise the DLC film.For example, DLC is added fluorine (F) and silicon (Si) reduction surface energy and wettability.Reduce fluorine-containing DLC(F-DLC) in surface energy help in the film existence-CF2 and-the CF3 group.Yet higher F content can cause lower hardness.The interpolation of Si can reduce surface energy by the dispersion component that reduces surface energy.Adding Si also can be by promoting the sp in the DLC film ³Hydridization and increase the hardness of DLC film.Add metallic element (for example W, Ta, Cr, Ti, Mo) and use this metal intermediate layer can reduce compressive residual stress to film, thereby make film mechanical integrity when compression-loaded better.

DLC phase or the sp of DLC ³Bonded carbon is the thermomechanics metastable phase, and sp ²The graphite of bonding is thermodynamically stable phase.Therefore, the formation of DLC coated film needs uneven the processing, to obtain the metastable sp of deciding ³Bonded carbon.The Balance Treatment method is such as the evaporation of graphitic carbon, the average energy of evaporated material low (near kT, wherein k is Boltzmann constant, and T is the temperature of kelvin scale) wherein, and this causes and forms 100%sp ²Bonded carbon.The sp that requires carbon for the production of the method for DLC coating disclosed herein ³Key length is significantly less than sp ²Key length.Therefore, pressure, impact, catalysis or these a certain is combined in to apply under the atomic scale and can forces sp ²Bonding carbon atom is more intensive and become sp ³Bonding.This can enough effectively finish so that atom simply resilience be separated into sp ²The stalling characteristic of key.Typical technology is with this compression and with new sp ³Bonded carbon bunch pushes more in depth that coating combines so that do not exist for expansion and get back to sp ²The leeway of the separation that bonding is required; Perhaps with new bunch by the new carbon embedding that arrives for next impact cycle.

DLC coating disclosed herein can deposit by physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition or plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition paint-on technique.The physical vapor deposition painting method comprises RF-DC plasma reaction magnetron sputtering, ion beam assisted depositing, cathodic arc deposition and pulsed laser deposition (PLD).The chemical vapour phase deposition coating coating method comprise Assisted by Ion Beam CVD deposition, plasma-enhanced deposition, use from the glow discharge of appropriate hydrocarbon gas, use radio frequency (r.f) glow discharge, plasma immersion ion processing and microwave discharge from appropriate hydrocarbon gas.Plasma reinforced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) is for a kind of favorable method with high deposition rate large size deposition DLC.CVD coating processes based on plasma is non line of sight (non-line-of-sight) technology, and it is coated with uniform thickness that namely plasma covers the whole exposed surface of part to be coated and this part with meeting.The surface finishment that after applying the DLC coating, can keep part.The temperature that the advantage of PECVD is the matrix part can not be elevated to approximately 150 ° more than the C applying operation period.Fluorine-containing DLC (F-DLC) and siliceous DLC (Si-DLC) film can use the acetylene (C that is mixed with respectively fluorine-containing and siliceous precursor gases (for example, HFC-134a and HMDO) ₂H ₂) process gas and utilize plasma deposition technique to synthesize.

DLC coating disclosed herein can be presented on the friction factor in the previously described scope.Ultralow COF can be based on the formation of thin graphite film in the actual contact area.Because sp ₃Bonding is the thermodynamic instability phase of carbon under the high temperature of 600 to 1500 ° of C, therefore depends on environmental condition, and it can change the graphite that can be used as solid lubricant into.These high temperature can occur as very of short duration transient temperature (being called initial temperature) in the process of uneven collision or contact.The optional theory of the ultralow COF of DLC coating is the existence of alkyl synovial membrane.Sp ³The tetrahedral structure of the carbon of bonding can cause in the surface a kind of like this situation, may have in this case a room electronics from the surface, and it does not have carbon atom can adhere to (referring to Figure 18), and this is called " outstanding key " track.Be placed on this carbon atom if having the hydrogen atom of the electronics of himself, then its may with outstanding bond orbital bonding, thereby form the bielectron covalent bond.When with outer field two the such smooth surfaces of single hydrogen atom when sliding each other, will shear between the hydrogen atom.There is not chemical bonding between the surface, only have very weak Van der Waals force, and the surface presents the character of heavy hydrocarbon wax.As shown in figure 18, the carbon atom of surface can form three strong, the outstanding bond orbital of drawing from the surface, stay next electronics.Hydrogen atom is attached to this surface, and this surface becomes hydrophobic and presents low friction.

Disclosed hereinly also prevent because the wearing and tearing that their tribological properties causes be used to the DLC coating with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units.Especially, DLC coating disclosed herein opposing abrasion and adhesive wear are rolled and the two the application of extreme contact of sliding contact so that they are suitable for experiencing.

Except low friction and wear-resisting/anti-corrosion, disclosed herein be used to the DLC coating with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units also present durability and with the bonding strength of the outer surface of the body assembly that is used for depositing.The DLC coating can have high-caliber intrinsic residual stress (~ 1GPa), its affect the DLC coating tribological property and with the adhesion strength of the matrix (for example steel) that is used for deposition.Usually, the adhesion strength that differed from the lip-deep DLC coating of steel of Direct precipitation.The shortage of this adhesion strength has limited thickness and the incompatibility between DLC coating and the steel interface, and this may cause delamination under low-load.In order to overcome this problem, DLC coating disclosed herein also can be included in the mesosphere of outer surface and the various metals between the DLC coating layer (such as but not limited to Cr, W, Ti) and the ceramic compound (such as but not limited to CrN, SiC) of Oil/gas Well process units.These potteries and metal intermediate layer discharge the compressive residual stress of DLC coating disclosed herein, adhere to and bearing capacity to increase.The selectable method of improving the wearing and tearing of DLC coating disclosed herein/friction and mechanical endurance is to add to have the multilayer of intermediate buffering layer, and residual stress is gathered and/or dual mixed coating is processed to alleviate.In one form, for the treatment of the outer surface of Oil/gas Well process units can before DLC coating deposition, carry out nitrogenize or carbonization, precursor is processed, so that sclerosis and stoping causes the plastic deformation of the base layer of the coating durability that strengthens.

Laminated coating and mixed coating:

The thickness of coating is disclosed and can be used for maximizing at this paper with the laminated coating on the sleeve Oil/gas Well process units, in order to strengthen its durability.Band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through applying disclosed herein not only can comprise individual layer, but also can comprise two or more coating layers.For example, two, three, four, five or more coating layer can be deposited on the each several part of ferrule element.The thickness of each coating layer can be in from 0.5 to 5000 micron the scope, its lower limit is 0.5,0.7,1.0,3.0,5.0,7.0,10.0,15.0 or 20.0 micron, and on be limited to 25,50,75,100,200,500,1000,3000 or 5000 microns.The total thickness of laminated coating can be in from 0.5 to 30,000 micron scope.The lower limit of whole laminated coating thickness can be 0.5,0.7,1.0,3.0,5.0,7.0,10.0,15.0 or 20.0 micron thick.Whole laminated coating thickness but do not comprise that the upper limit that adds hard formation can be 25,50,75,100,200,500,1000,3000,5000,10000,15000,20000 or 30000 micron thick.

In another mode of execution with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through applying disclosed herein, the body assembly of Oil/gas Well process units can be included in the hard formation that adds at least a portion of outer surface of exposure, with wear resistance and the durability that enhancing is provided.Therefore, one or more coating layer is deposited over the top that adds hard formation, thereby forms the hybrid type coating structure.The thickness that adds hard formation can be from several times of variations of the thickness that equals outside coating layer.Non-restrictive illustrative stiffened layer material comprises composite material, nanocrystalline metal alloy, non-crystalline and the hard metal alloys based on ceramic-metallic material, metal matrix.The hard formation that adds of other non-restrictive example type comprises carbide, nitride, boride and the oxide that is dispersed in the intramatrical elemental tungsten of metal alloy, titanium, niobium, molybdenum, iron, chromium and silicon.This hard formation that adds can deposit by built-up welding, thermal spraying or laser/electron beam are deposited.

Be used in and disclosed hereinly also can comprise one or more buffer layer (this paper is also referred to as bonding layer) through what apply with the coating in the sleeve Oil/gas Well process units.In the laminated coating structure, described one or more buffer layer can place between the outer surface and single layer or two or more layers of body assembly.One or more buffer layer can be selected from the alloy of following element or following element: silicon, titanium, chromium, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, zirconium and/or hafnium.Described one or more buffer layer also can be selected from carbide, nitride, carbon-nitride, the oxide of following element: silicon, titanium, chromium, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, zirconium and/or hafnium.Described one or more buffer layer usually places and adds between hard formation (when using) and one or more coating layer or place between the coating layer.Buffer layer thickness can be the phase coating layer thickness a part or near the thickness of coating layer.

In the another mode of execution with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through applying disclosed herein, body assembly also can comprise the outer surface that places body assembly and the coating at least a portion of the outer surface that exposes or add one or more separation layer between the hard formation, so that the toughness of enhancing to be provided, minimizing from mixing external skin or add any dilution of the base steel in the hard formation, and minimize residual stress and absorb.Unrestriced exemplary separation layer comprises stainless steel or nickel-base alloy.The top of body assembly is located or is positioned at the top of the body assembly of the common Oil/gas Well process units near being used for applying of described one or more separation layer.

In a kind of favourable mode of execution with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through applying disclosed herein, can apply amorphous state coating layer based on multilayer carbon to this device, such as diamond-like-carbon (DLC) coating.Diamond-like-carbon (DLC) coating that is suitable for the Oil/gas Well process units can be selected from ta-C, ta-C:H, DLCH, PLCH, GLCH, Si-DLC, Me-DLC, N-DLC, O-DLC, B-DLC, F-DLC and above-mentioned combination.A kind of particularly advantageous DLC coating that is used for this application is DLCH or ta-C:H.The structure of multilayer DLC coating can be included in each DLC layer that has adhesion or buffer layer between each DLC layer.The alloy that the exemplary bonding layer that uses with the DLC coating or buffer layer include but not limited to following element or following element: silicon, titanium, chromium, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, zirconium and/or hafnium.Carbide, nitride, carbonitride, oxide that the exemplary bonding layer that uses with the DLC coating or buffer layer include but not limited to following element: silicon, titanium, chromium, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, zirconium and/or hafnium.These buffer layers or bonding layer are increased as malleableize and the whole DLC coating thickness alleviating the residual stress layer and be allowed for the multilayer mode of execution, keep simultaneously the coating integrity for durability.

In another favourable form with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through applying disclosed herein, for durability, mechanical integrity and the shaft bottom performance of improving relatively thin DLC coating layer, can utilize the mixing painting method, wherein can deposit one or more DLC coating layer at the hard formation that adds of prior art.The interface intensity that this mode of execution provides the DLC-of enhancing to add hard formation, and if DLC wearing and tearing or delamination, also provide the too early protection of wearing and tearing of opposing to downhole device.In another form of this mode of execution, can before coating DLC layer, use in advance surface treatment to steel base, to prolong durability and to improve wearing and tearing, friction, fatigue and the corrosivity of DLC coating.In advance surface treatment can be selected from Implantation, nitrogenize, carbonization, Shot peening, laser and electron beam glazing, laser peening is strengthened and above-mentioned combination.This surface treatment can be by introducing harden matrix surface and/or introduce dark compressive residual stress of other material, thereby cause by impacting and the inhibition of the crack growth that wear-out failure causes.In the another form of this mode of execution, previously described one or more separation layer can place matrix and add between the hard formation, has simultaneously inserted one or more DLC coating layer adding the hard formation top.

Figure 26 utilizes multilayer to mix the illustrative embodiments with the coating on the sleeve Oil/gas Well process units of coating layer, and wherein the DLC coating layer is deposited on and adds the hard formation top on the steel base.In the another kind of form of this mode of execution, add hard formation and can carry out reprocessing (for example, etching) exposing the alloy carbide particle, to improve also DLC coating and the adhesive attraction that adds hard formation as shown in figure 26.This mixed coating may be used on the downhole device such as tool-joint and stabilizer etc., be deposited on durability and the mechanical integrity of the DLC coating on these devices with raising, if and outer wearing and tearing or delamination, then provide " second defence line ", aggressive wearing and tearing and the eating condition of opposing downhole environment in underground rotary drilling operation.In the another kind of form of this mode of execution, previously described one or more buffer layer and/or one or more separation layer can be included in the mixed coating structure, with characteristic and the performance of further raising oil gas well drilling, completion and production operation.

Provide potential benefit to using these paint-on techniques near the sleeve of Oil/gas Well process units, include but not limited to drilling well, completion, oil recovery, well workover and production operation.Effective and reliable drilling well, completion, oil recovery, well workover and production operation can improve by the band sleeve means is applied this coating, to alleviate friction, wearing and tearing, erosion, corrosion and the deposition such as top detailed discussion.

The illustrative methods with sleeve means mode of execution of use through applying:

In a kind of illustrative embodiments, the favorable method with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units of use through applying comprises: the Oil/gas Well process units through applying is provided, this Oil/gas Well process units through applying comprises one or more cylindrical body, near the external diameter of one or more cylindrical body or internal diameter, has one or more sleeve and in the inner sleeve surface of one or more sleeve, coating at least a portion of outer sleeve surface or its combination, its floating coat is selected from amorphous alloy, composite material (wherein phosphorus content is greater than 12wt%) through heat treated nickel-phosphorus based on electroless coating or plating, graphite, MoS ₂, WS ₂, based on the composite material of fullerene, based on boride ceramet, quasi-crystalline state material, based on adamantine material, diamond-like-carbon (DLC), boron nitride and above-mentioned combination; And in well construction, completion or production operation, utilize band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through applying.

In another kind of illustrative embodiments, the favorable method with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units of use through applying comprises: the Oil/gas Well process units through applying is provided, this Oil/gas Well process units through applying comprises one or more body, wherein this one or more body does not comprise drill bit, has one or more sleeve near the outer surface of one or more body or internal surface; And the coating at least a portion of inner sleeve surface, outer sleeve surface or its combination of one or more sleeve, wherein this coating be selected from amorphous alloy, through composite material (wherein phosphorus content is greater than 12wt%), graphite, the MoS of heat treated nickel-phosphorus based on electroless coating or plating ₂, WS ₂, based on the composite material of fullerene, based on boride ceramet, quasi-crystalline state material, based on adamantine material, diamond-like-carbon (DLC), boron nitride and above-mentioned combination; And in well construction, completion or production operation, utilize band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through applying.

Test method:

According to ASTM G99 test method, use ball-dish testing machine to measure friction factor.This test method needs two samples---smooth dish sample and the ball sample of spheric end.The ball samples vertical of using support to keep is rigidly located in flat disc.Be that 2.7 inches flat disc turns round to make flat disc sample abut ball sample to slide by circular path by making diameter.The normal direction load applies vertically downward so that ball compresses through ball and is resisted against dish.Specific normal direction load can apply by means of appended weight, hydraulic pressure or pneumatically loading mechanism.At duration of test, measure frictional force with the tension force that is attached to ball stand-compression load sensor or similar power induction installation.Can load to calculate friction factor divided by normal direction by the frictional force that will measure.Finish test under the various test condition Sliding velocitys and under room temperature and 150 °F.Adopting diameter is that the quartz of 4mm ~ 5mm or mild steel balls are as the fitting surface material.

By by means of above-mentioned ASTM G99 test method, under various Sliding velocitys, measure friction factor with the ball-on-disc wear test machine and come estimating velocity to strengthen or weaken.

Measure hardness according to ASTM C1327 Vickers hardness test method.The Vickers hardness test method comprises uses diamond indentor impression test material, and the form of described diamond indentor is for square base and bearing the right pyramids that become 136 degree angles between the apparent surface of 1 to 100kgf load.Usually applied full load 10 to 15 seconds.Use two diagonal angles of the impression that stays in the surface of microscope measurement material after removing load and calculate their mean value.Calculate the area of the inclined surface of impression.Vickers hardness is for passing through the merchant of kgf load divided by the square millimeter area acquisition of impression.The advantage of Vickers hardness test is to carry out very accurate reading, and all types of metals and surface treatment are only used a kind of indentor.The scumbling coating (for example, less than 100 μ m) hardness assess by nano impress, wherein normal direction load (P) is by (for example having well-known pyramid geometrical shape, Berkovich is most advanced and sophisticated, and it has three pyramid geometrical shapies) indentor coating surface is applied normal direction load (P).In nano impress, eliminate with little load and tip size or reduce effect from matrix, so the area of indentation may only be number square microns or even nanometer.In the process that nano impress is processed, depth of penetration is carried out record, and then utilize the known geometries at impression tip to determine the area of impression.Can obtain hardness divided by the area (square millimeter) of impression by will load (kgf).

Pass through ball-dish geometric shape measuring polishing machine according to ASTMG 99 test methods.Determine wear extent or the wear volume loss of ball and dish by measuring the size of two kinds of samples before and after test.Determine the degree of depth or the change in shape of the wearing and tearing track of dish by laser surface profilometer and atom force microscope.Determine wear extent or the wear volume loss of ball by measuring the size of sample before and after test.The wear volume that calculates ball from known geometries and the size of ball.

According to ASTMD 5725 test method measuring water contact angles.The method that is called " set drop method " uses angle measurement instrument for measuring liquid wrapping angle based on optical subsystem to catch the profile of the neat liquid on the solid matrix.Drop (for example, water) is placed on (or allowing to fall from certain distance) solid surface.When liquid stability (having become set), drop keeps its surface tension and becomes avette against solid surface.The angle that forms between liquid/solid interface and the liquid/vapor interface is wrapping angle.The ellipse of drop contacts the formed wrapping angle in above-mentioned surface and determines two kinds of affinity between the material.That is, smooth drop shows high affinity, and liquid is considered to " moistening " matrix in this case.More rounded drop shows lower affinity in this surface (by height finderheigt indicator), because the angle that liquid invests on the solid surface is more sharp-pointed.In this case, liquid is considered to " not moistening " matrix.The set liquid droplet system adopts high-resolution camera and software to catch and analyze wrapping angle.

Embodiment

Exemplary embodiment 1:

Apply the DLC coating by gas phase deposition technology in 4142 steel base.The DLC coating has the thickness in from 1.5 to 25 microns scope.Hardness is measured as in the scope that is in 1,300 to 7,500 Vickers diamond hardness number.Carry out proving the frictionand wear properties of coating based on the laboratory test of ball-dish geometrical shape.Use quartz ball and mild steel balls as the fitting surface material to simulate respectively naked hole and to add the trepanning condition.In an environmental temperature experiment, under " drying " or ambient air conditions, with 300 gram normal direction loads and 0.6m/ Sliding velocity second the prior art that 4142 steel, DLC coating and the merchant of quartzy fitting surface testing of materials uncoated sells is added hard formation built-up welding coating, to simulate open hole eye condition.Can in DLC coating as shown in figure 19, realize up to 10 times to 4142 steel and the raising (reducing of friction factor) that adds the frictional behaviour of hard formation of uncoated.

In another environmental temperature experiment, the prior art that 4142 steel, DLC coating and the merchant of low carbon steel fitting surface testing of materials uncoated sold adds hard formation built-up welding coating adds cover with simulation hole condition.Can in the DLC coating shown in Figure 19, realize up to 4142 steel that are three times in uncoated and the frictional behaviour (reducing of friction factor) that adds hard formation.The DLC coating is higher than the hardness of fitting surface material (that is, quartz and low carbon steel) and polishes quartz ball owing to the DLC coating.Yet the Volume Loss that wearing and tearing cause all is minimum in quartz ball and mild steel balls.Plain carbon steel and add hard formation and cause noticeable wear in quartz ball and the mild steel balls on the other hand shows that these are not very " sleeve-friendly ".

Also having tested at ambient temperature ball-mill in based on the drilling fluid of oil decreases and friction factor.Use quartz ball and mild steel balls as the fitting surface material to simulate respectively naked hole and to add the trepanning condition.The DLC coating as shown in figure 20 commercial hard formation that adds presents significant advantage.Use the DLC coating can realize with 4142 steel of uncoated and add hard formation comparing frictional behaviour raising (reducing of friction factor) up to 30%.The DLC coating is polished quartz ball owing to it is higher than quartzy hardness.On the other hand, for the situation of the steel disk of uncoated, low carbon steel and quartz ball and steel disk show obvious wearing and tearing.In order to carry out comparable test, the wearing character of the dish of stiffened is in the centre of the steel disk of DLC coating disk and uncoated.

Figure 21 has described wearing and tearing and frictional behaviour at high temperature.Be heated to 150 °F based on the drilling fluid of oil in carry out test, and reuse quartz ball and mild steel balls as the fitting surface material, to simulate respectively naked hole and to add the hole condition of cover.4142 steel of DLC coating and uncoated and the commercial hard formation that adds are compared the raising (reducing of friction factor) that presents up to 50% frictional behaviour.The steel of uncoated and add the wear damage that hard formation causes the fitting surface material of quartz ball and mild steel balls, and in the fitting surface material of DLC coating friction, observing obviously less wear damage.

Figure 22 has shown the frictional behaviour of DLC coating under the temperature (150 °F and 200 °F) that raises.In this test data, the DLC coating presents low friction factor under the temperature of the rising up to 200 °F.Yet the steel of uncoated obviously increases with the friction coefficient temperature that adds hard formation.

Exemplary embodiment 2:

In the wearing and tearing/CROCKING TEST of laboratory, come 4142 steel of DLC coating and uncoated are measured the velocity-dependent (speed weakens or strengthens) of friction factor by monitoring at the Sliding velocity scope of the second 0.3m/ second ~ 1.8m/ required shearing stress that slides.Use quartz ball as the fitting surface material in the dry type sliding friction test.The DLC coating weakens performance with respect to the speed of the steel of uncoated and describes in Figure 23.4142 steel of uncoated present the friction factor that reduces with Sliding velocity (namely, significantly speed weakens), as if speed weakens and in fact exist the slight speed of COF to strengthen (namely and the DLC coating does not show, COF increases slightly with Sliding velocity), to reverse unstability (slips adhere to vibration omen) can be favourable for alleviating for this.

Exemplary embodiment 3:

Production multilayer DLC coating, so that the thickness of maximization DLC coating, thereby it improved for the durability of the drilling well assembly that uses at drill-well operation.In one form, the total thickness of multilayer DLC coating changes to 25 μ m from 6 μ m.Figure 24 has described for the individual layer of the drill rod assemblies of producing via PECVD and the SEM image of multilayer DLC coating.The bonding layer that uses with the DLC coating is for containing silicon buffer layer.

Exemplary embodiment 4:

Measure the surface energy that the DLC coated substrates is compared with 4142 steel surfaces of uncoated via water contact angle.In Figure 25, described the result, and the result shows that the DLC coating is compared with the steel surface of uncoated significantly lower surface energy is provided.Lower surface energy can provide the lower surface of adhesion in order to alleviate or reduce drill bit/stabilizer balling and prevent the sedimental formation of pitch, paraffin, dirty body and/or hydrate.

The claimant has attempted all mode of executions and the application of the disclosure theme that openly can rationally predict.Yet, may have the modification of the unpredictable unsubstantiality that still is equal to.Although described the present invention in conjunction with concrete illustrative embodiments of the present invention, but be apparent that, in the situation that without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, according to the description of front, many changes, modifications and variations will be obvious for a person skilled in the art.Therefore, the present invention is intended to contain all these type of changes, modifications and variations described above in detail.

Other file that all patents, test procedure and this paper quote comprises priority document, all incorporates into by reference, and this is incorporated into so that this disclosure there is no inconsistent with the present invention and meets and allows this all authorities of incorporating into.

When this paper enumerates numerical lower limits and numerical upper limits, can be susceptible to the scope from any lower limit to any upper limit.

Claims (168)

1. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through applying comprises:

One or more cylindrical body;

One or more sleeve, described one or more sleeve be near external diameter or the internal diameter of described one or more cylindrical body, and

Coating, described coating at least a portion of the combination of inner sleeve surface, outer sleeve surface or the inner sleeve surface of described one or more sleeve and outer surface,

Wherein, described coating is selected from amorphous alloy, phosphorus content greater than composite material, graphite, the MoS through heat treated nickel-phosphorus based on electroless coating or plating of 12wt% ₂, WS ₂, based on the composite material of fullerene, based on boride ceramet, quasi-crystalline state material, based on adamantine material, diamond-like-carbon (DLC), boron nitride and above-mentioned combination.

2. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 1, wherein said one or more cylindrical body comprises relative to each other two or more cylindrical body of motion.

3. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 1, wherein said one or more cylindrical body comprises two or more relative to each other static cylindrical body.

4. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 1, wherein said two or more cylindrical body comprise two or more radiuses.

5. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 4, wherein said two or more cylindrical body comprise substantially one or more cylindrical body in one or more other cylindrical body.

6. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 4, wherein said two or more radiuses have substantially the same size or different size basically.

7. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 4, wherein said two or more cylindrical body are bordered on mutually.

8. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 4, wherein said two or more cylindrical body are not bordered on mutually.

9. according to claim 7 or 8 described band sleeve meanss through applying, wherein said two or more cylindrical body are coaxial or out-of-alignment.

10. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 9, wherein said body has parallel substantially axis.

11. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 1, wherein said one or more cylindrical body be spirality in internal surface, in outer surface for spirality or be above-mentioned combination.

12. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 1, wherein said one or more cylindrical body is solid, hollow or above-mentioned combination.

13. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 1, wherein said one or more cylindrical body comprise that outer cross, internal cross section or internal cross section and outer cross are circular, oval-shaped or polygonal at least one cylindrical body substantially substantially substantially.

14. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 1, the friction factor of wherein said coating is less than or equal to 0.15.

15. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 14, the friction factor of wherein said coating is less than or equal to 0.10.

16. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 1, wherein said coating provides the hardness greater than 400VHN.

17. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 16, wherein said coating provides the hardness greater than 1500VHN.

18. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 1, wherein said coating provides at least 3 times of large wear resistancies of device than uncoated.

19. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 1, the water contact angle of wherein said coating is greater than 60 degree.

20. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 1, wherein said coating provides the surface energy less than 1J/m2.

21. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 20, wherein said coating provides less than 0.1J/m ²Surface energy.

22. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 1, wherein said coating comprises single coating layer or two or more coating layers.

23. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 22, wherein said two or more coating layers have substantially identical or different coatings.

24. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 22, the thickness of each layer in the thickness of wherein said single coating layer and described two or more coating layers is in 0.5 micron to 5000 microns scope.

25. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 22, wherein said coating also comprises one or more buffer layer.

26. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 25, wherein said one or more buffer layer place between the surface and described single coating layer or described two or more coating layers of described one or more cylindrical body.

27. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 25, wherein said one or more buffer layer is selected from following element, alloy, carbide, nitride, carbon-nitride and oxide: silicon, titanium, chromium, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, zirconium or hafnium.

28. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 1, the dynamic friction coefficient of wherein said coating be not less than described coating static friction coefficient 50%.

29. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 1, the dynamic friction coefficient of wherein said coating is more than or equal to the static friction coefficient of described coating.

30. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 1, wherein said one or more cylindrical body also is included in the hard formation that adds on its at least a portion.

31. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 30, the wherein said hard formation that adds comprises composite material or hard metal alloys based on ceramic-metallic material, metal matrix.

32. according to claim 1 or 30 described band sleeve meanss through applying, wherein said one or more cylindrical body also comprises surface and the described coating at least a portion of described cylindrical body that places described one or more cylindrical body or adds separation layer between the hard formation.

33. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 32, wherein said separation layer comprises stainless steel or nickel-base alloy.

34. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 1, wherein said one or more cylindrical body also comprises screw thread.

35. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 34, at least a portion of wherein said screw thread is coated.

36. according to claim 34 or 35 described band sleeve meanss through applying, also comprise sealing surfaces, at least a portion of wherein said sealing surfaces is coated.

37. according to claim 1, each described band sleeve means through applying in 2 or 3, wherein said one or more cylindrical body is the well constructing device.

38. described band sleeve means through applying according to claim 37, wherein said well constructing device is selected from: drilling rod, sleeve pipe, oil pipe column, wire rope/kernmantle/multi-core conductor/single core conductor/piano wire; Coiled tubing, Moyno ^TMWith the blade rotor of progressive cavity pump and stator, expandable pipe fitting, built-up mandrel, centralizer, contact ring, flushing pipe, be used for solid control shake screen cloth, fisher and grapple, sea risers, surperficial flowline and above-mentioned combination.

39. according to claim 1, each described band sleeve means through applying in 2 or 3, wherein said one or more cylindrical body is completion and process units.

40. described band sleeve means through applying according to claim 39, wherein said completion and process units are selected from: the Plunger Lift device; Completion sliding sleeve assembly; Coiled tubing; Sucker rod; Corods ^TMOil pipe column; The pump oil machine; Stuffing box; Sealer and lubriator; Piston and piston bushing; Moyno ^TMBlade rotor and stator with progressive cavity pump; Expandable pipe fitting; Built-up mandrel; Control pipeline and conduit; The instrument that in well, operates; Wire rope/kernmantle/multi-core conductor/single core conductor/piano wire; Centralizer; Contact ring; Perforated basepipe; The fluting parent tube; The screen cloth parent tube that is used for sandstone control; Flushing pipe; Ram's horns; The maintenance tool that is used for gravel packing operation; Blast joint; Be arranged on the sandstone screen cloth in the well completion interval; Mazeflo ^TMThe completion screen cloth; Sintered screen; Wire twines screen cloth; The screen cloth that shakes that is used for solid control; Fisher and grapple; Sea risers; The surface flowline; Oil recovery processing pipeline, and above-mentioned combination.

41. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 1, the pin that wherein said one or more cylindrical body is the pipe running tool joint or cover link.

42. described band sleeve means through applying according to claim 41, wherein said one or more cylindrical body is configured with cross section and is circular nearside cylindrical cross section.

43. described band sleeve means through applying according to claim 41, it is non-circular nearside cylindrical cross section that wherein said one or more cylindrical body is configured with cross section.

44. described band sleeve means through applying according to claim 41, wherein said pin or cover link be oriented so that with respect to gravitational direction, pin facing up and cover faces down.

45. described band sleeve means through applying according to claim 41, wherein said pin or cover link be oriented so that with respect to gravitational direction, pin faces down and overlaps facing up.

46. the band sleeve means through applying according to claim 1, wherein said one or more sleeve comprise metal, metal alloy, pottery, ceramet, polymer, carbon steel, Steel Alloy, stainless steel, WC base hard metal, or above-mentioned combination.

47. the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through applying comprises:

The Oil/gas Well process units, described Oil/gas Well process units comprises one or more body, wherein said one or more body does not comprise drill bit,

One or more sleeve, described one or more sleeve be near outer surface or the internal surface of described one or more body, and

Coating, described coating at least a portion of the combination of inner sleeve surface, outer sleeve surface or the inner sleeve surface of described one or more sleeve and outer surface,

Wherein said coating is selected from amorphous alloy, phosphorus content greater than composite material, graphite, the MoS through heat treated nickel-phosphorus based on electroless coating or plating of 12wt% ₂, WS ₂, based on the composite material of fullerene, based on boride ceramet, quasi-crystalline state material, based on adamantine material, diamond-like-carbon (DLC), boron nitride, and above-mentioned combination.

48. described band sleeve means through applying according to claim 47, wherein said one or more body comprises relative to each other two or more bodies of motion.

49. described band sleeve means through applying according to claim 47, wherein said one or more body comprises two or more relative to each other static bodies.

50. described band sleeve means through applying according to claim 47, wherein said one or more body comprises sphere and complex geometric shapes.

51. described band sleeve means through applying according to claim 50, wherein said complex geometric shapes has at least a portion for non-cylindrical shape.

52. according to claim 48 or 49 described band sleeve meanss through applying, wherein said two or more bodies comprise substantially at one or more other intrinsic one or more body.

53. according to claim 48 or 49 described band sleeve meanss through applying, wherein said two or more bodies are bordered on mutually.

54. according to claim 48 or 49 described band sleeve meanss through applying, wherein said two or more bodies are not bordered on mutually.

55. according to claim 48 or 49 described band sleeve meanss through applying, wherein said two or more bodies are coaxial or out-of-alignment.

56. described band sleeve means through applying according to claim 47, wherein said one or more body is solid, hollow or above-mentioned combination.

57. described band sleeve means through applying according to claim 47, wherein said one or more body comprise that outer cross, internal cross section or internal cross section and outer cross are circular, oval-shaped or polygonal at least one body substantially substantially substantially.

58. described band sleeve means through applying according to claim 47, the friction factor of wherein said coating is less than or equal to 0.15.

59. 8 described band sleeve meanss through applying according to claim 5, the friction factor of wherein said coating is less than or equal to 0.10.

60. described band sleeve means through applying according to claim 47, wherein said coating provides the hardness greater than 400VHN.

61. 0 described band sleeve means through applying according to claim 6, wherein said coating provides the hardness greater than 1500VHN.

62. described band sleeve means through applying according to claim 47, wherein said coating provides at least 3 times of large wear resistancies of device than uncoated.

63. described band sleeve means through applying according to claim 47, the water contact angle of wherein said coating is greater than 60 degree.

64. described band sleeve means through applying according to claim 47, wherein said coating provides less than 1J/m ²Surface energy.

65. 4 described band sleeve meanss through applying according to claim 6, wherein said coating provides less than 0.1J/m ²Surface energy.

66. described band sleeve means through applying according to claim 47, wherein said coating comprises single coating layer or two or more coating layers.

67. 6 described band sleeve meanss through applying according to claim 6, wherein said two or more coating layers have substantially identical or different coatings.

68. 6 described band sleeve meanss through applying according to claim 6, the thickness of each layer in the thickness of wherein said single coating layer and described two or more coating layers is in 0.5 micron to 5000 microns scope.

69. 6 described band sleeve meanss through applying according to claim 6, wherein said coating also comprises one or more buffer layer.

70. 9 described band sleeve meanss through applying according to claim 6, wherein said one or more buffer layer places between the surface and described single coating layer or described two or more coating layers of described one or more body.

71. 9 described band sleeve meanss through applying according to claim 6, wherein said one or more buffer layer is selected from following element, alloy, carbide, nitride, carbon-nitride and oxide: silicon, titanium, chromium, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, zirconium or hafnium.

72. described band sleeve means through applying according to claim 47, the dynamic friction coefficient of wherein said coating be not less than described coating static friction coefficient 50%.

73. described band sleeve means through applying according to claim 47, the dynamic friction coefficient of wherein said coating is more than or equal to the static friction coefficient of described coating.

74. described band sleeve means through applying according to claim 47, wherein said one or more body also is included in the hard formation that adds on its at least a portion.

75. 4 described band sleeve meanss through applying according to claim 7, the wherein said hard formation that adds comprises composite material or hard metal alloys based on ceramic-metallic material, metal matrix.

76. according to claim 47 or 74 described band sleeve meanss through applying, wherein said one or more body also comprises surface and the described coating at least a portion of described body that places described one or more body or adds separation layer between the hard formation.

77. 6 described band sleeve meanss through applying according to claim 7, wherein said separation layer comprises stainless steel or nickel-base alloy.

78. described band sleeve means through applying according to claim 47, wherein said one or more body also comprises screw thread.

79. 8 described band sleeve meanss through applying according to claim 7, at least a portion of wherein said screw thread is coated.

80. 8 or 79 described band sleeve meanss through applying also comprise sealing surfaces according to claim 7, at least a portion of wherein said sealing surfaces is coated.

81. according to claim 47, each described band sleeve means through applying in 48 or 49, wherein said one or more body is the well constructing device.

82. 1 described band sleeve means through applying according to claim 8, wherein said well constructing device is selected from: choke, valve, valve seat, oil nozzle, ball valve, annular isolation valve, subsurface safety, centrifuge, elbow, T shape pipe, joiner, preventer, wear-resisting axle bush, back and forth and/or dynamic metal-metal seal, the spring in the safety valve, shock-absorbing connection and bumper jar, logging tool arm, rig slippage equipment, ratchet in the rotating seal component, and above-mentioned combination.

83. according to claim 47, each described band sleeve means through applying in 48 or 49, wherein said one or more body is completion and process units.

84. 3 described band sleeve meanss through applying according to claim 8, wherein said completion and process units are selected from: choke, valve, valve seat, oil nozzle, ball valve, inflow control device, the smart well valve, the annular isolation valve, subsurface safety, centrifuge, gas lifting and chemical product injection valve, elbow, T shape pipe, joiner, preventer, wear-resisting axle bush, back and forth and/or the dynamic metal-metal seal in the rotating seal component, spring in the safety valve, shock-absorbing connection and bumper jar, the logging tool arm, side pocket, axle, packer slip, the packet locking plate, the sandstone probe, the well stream flowmeter, the non-cylindrical part of sandstone screen cloth, and above-mentioned combination.

85. described band sleeve means through applying according to claim 47, wherein said one or more sleeve comprises metal, metal alloy, pottery, ceramet, polymer, carbon steel, Steel Alloy, stainless steel, WC base hard metal or above-mentioned combination.

86. the method with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units of a use through applying comprises:

Oil/gas Well process units through applying is provided, and described Oil/gas Well process units through applying comprises: one or more cylindrical body; And at the external diameter of described one or more cylindrical body or near one or more sleeve the internal diameter; And the coating at least a portion of inner sleeve surface, outer sleeve surface or its combination of described one or more sleeve,

Wherein said coating is selected from amorphous alloy, phosphorus content greater than composite material, graphite, the MoS through heat treated nickel-phosphorus based on electroless coating or plating of 12wt% ₂, WS ₂, based on the composite material of fullerene, based on boride ceramet, quasi-crystalline state material, based on adamantine material, diamond-like-carbon (DLC), boron nitride, and above-mentioned combination, and

In well construction, completion or production operation, utilize described band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through applying.

87. 6 described methods according to claim 8, wherein said one or more cylindrical body comprise relative to each other two or more cylindrical body of motion.

88. 6 described methods according to claim 8, wherein said one or more cylindrical body comprises two or more relative to each other static cylindrical body.

89. 6 described methods according to claim 8, wherein said two or more cylindrical body comprise two or more radiuses.

90. 9 described methods according to claim 8, wherein said two or more cylindrical body comprise substantially one or more cylindrical body in one or more other cylindrical body.

91. 9 described methods according to claim 8, wherein said two or more radiuses have substantially the same size or different size basically.

92. 9 described methods according to claim 8, wherein said two or more cylindrical body are bordered on mutually.

93. 9 described methods according to claim 8, wherein said two or more cylindrical body are not bordered on mutually.

94. 2 or 93 described methods according to claim 9, wherein said two or more cylindrical body are coaxial or out-of-alignment.

95. 4 described methods according to claim 9, wherein said two or more out-of-alignment cylindrical body have substantially parallel axis.

96. 6 described methods according to claim 8, wherein said one or more cylindrical body are spirality in internal surface, in outer surface for spirality or be above-mentioned combination.

97. 6 described methods according to claim 8, wherein said one or more cylindrical body is solid, hollow or above-mentioned combination.

98. 6 described methods according to claim 8, wherein said one or more cylindrical body comprise that outer cross, internal cross section or internal cross section and outer cross are circular, oval-shaped or polygonal at least one cylindrical body substantially substantially substantially.

99. 6 described methods according to claim 8, the friction factor of wherein said coating is less than or equal to 0.15.

100. 6 described methods according to claim 8, wherein said coating provides the hardness greater than 400VHN.

101. 6 described methods according to claim 8, wherein said coating provides at least 3 times of large wear resistancies of device than uncoated.

102. 6 described methods according to claim 8, the water contact angle of wherein said coating is greater than 60 degree.

103. 6 described methods according to claim 8, wherein said coating provides the surface energy less than 1J/m2.

104. 6 described methods according to claim 8, wherein said coating comprises single coating layer or two or more coating layers.

105. 4 described methods according to claim 10, wherein said two or more coating layers have substantially identical or different coatings.

106. 4 described methods according to claim 10, the thickness of each layer in the thickness of wherein said single coating layer and described two or more coating layers is in 0.5 micron to 5000 microns scope.

107. 4 described methods according to claim 10, wherein said coating also comprises one or more buffer layer.

108. 7 described methods according to claim 10, wherein said one or more buffer layer place between the surface and described single coating layer or described two or more coating layers of described one or more cylindrical body.

109. 7 described methods according to claim 10, wherein said one or more buffer layer is selected from following element, alloy, carbide, nitride, carbon-nitride and oxide: silicon, titanium, chromium, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, zirconium or hafnium.

110. 6 described methods according to claim 8, the dynamic friction coefficient of wherein said coating be not less than described coating static friction coefficient 50%.

111. 6 described methods according to claim 8, the dynamic friction coefficient of wherein said coating is more than or equal to the static friction coefficient of described coating.

112. 6 described methods according to claim 8, wherein said one or more cylindrical body also is included in the hard formation that adds on its at least a portion.

113. 2 described methods according to claim 11, the wherein said hard formation that adds comprises composite material or hard metal alloys based on ceramic-metallic material, metal matrix.

114. 6 or 112 described methods according to claim 8, wherein said one or more cylindrical body also comprise surface and the coating at least a portion of described cylindrical body that places described one or more cylindrical body or add separation layer between the hard formation.

115. 4 described methods according to claim 11, wherein said separation layer comprises stainless steel or nickel-base alloy.

116. 6 described methods according to claim 8, wherein said one or more cylindrical body also comprises screw thread.

117. 6 described methods according to claim 11, at least a portion of wherein said screw thread is coated.

118. 6 or 117 described methods also comprise sealing surfaces according to claim 11, at least a portion of wherein said sealing surfaces is coated.

119. each described method in 6,87 or 88 according to claim 8, wherein said one or more cylindrical body is the well constructing device.

120. 9 described methods according to claim 11, wherein said well constructing device is selected from: drilling rod, sleeve pipe, oil pipe column, wire rope/kernmantle/multi-core conductor/single core conductor/piano wire, coiled tubing, Moyno ^TMWith the blade rotor of progressive cavity pump and stator, expandable pipe fitting, built-up mandrel, centralizer, contact ring, flushing pipe, be used for solid control shake screen cloth, fisher and grapple, sea risers, surperficial flowline and above-mentioned combination.

121. each described method in 6,87 or 88 according to claim 8, wherein said one or more cylindrical body is completion and process units.

122. 1 described method according to claim 12, wherein said completion and process units are selected from: the Plunger Lift device; Completion sliding sleeve assembly; Coiled tubing; Sucker rod; Corods ^TMOil pipe column; The pump oil machine; Stuffing box; Sealer and lubriator; Piston and piston bushing; Moyno ^TMBlade rotor and stator with progressive cavity pump; Expandable pipe fitting; Built-up mandrel; Control pipeline and conduit; The instrument that in well, operates; Wire rope/kernmantle/multi-core conductor/single core conductor/piano wire; Centralizer; Contact ring; Perforated basepipe; The fluting parent tube; The screen cloth parent tube that is used for sandstone control; Flushing pipe; Ram's horns; The maintenance tool that is used for gravel packing operation; Blast joint; Be arranged on the sandstone screen cloth in the well completion interval; Mazeflo ^TMThe completion screen cloth; Sintered screen; Wire twines screen cloth; The screen cloth that shakes that is used for solid control; Fisher and grapple; Sea risers; The surface flowline; Oil recovery processing pipeline, and above-mentioned combination.

123. 6 described methods according to claim 8, wherein said diamond-like-carbon (DLC) applies by the auxiliary chemical vapour phase deposition coating coating technique of physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition or plasma.

124. 3 described methods according to claim 12, wherein said physical vapor deposition painting method is selected from: RF-DC plasma reaction magnetron sputtering, ion beam assisted depositing, cathodic arc deposition and pulsed laser deposition.

125. 6 described methods according to claim 8, the pin that wherein said one or more cylindrical body is the pipe running tool joint or cover link.

126. being configured with cross section, 5 described methods according to claim 12, wherein said one or more cylindrical body are circular nearside cylindrical cross section.

127. 5 described methods according to claim 12, it is non-circular nearside cylindrical cross section that wherein said one or more cylindrical body is configured with cross section.

128. 5 described methods according to claim 12, wherein said pin or cover link are oriented so that with respect to gravitational direction, pin facing up and cover faces down.

129. 5 described methods according to claim 12, wherein said pin or cover link are oriented so that with respect to gravitational direction, pin faces down and overlaps facing up.

130. 6 described methods according to claim 8, wherein said one or more sleeve comprise metal, metal alloy, pottery, ceramet, polymer, carbon steel, Steel Alloy, stainless steel, WC base hard metal or above-mentioned combination.

131. the method with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units of a use through applying comprises:

Oil/gas Well process units through applying is provided, and described Oil/gas Well process units comprises: one or more body, and wherein said one or more body does not comprise drill bit; And at the outer surface of described one or more body or near one or more sleeve the internal surface; And the coating at least a portion of inner sleeve surface, outer sleeve surface or its combination of described one or more sleeve,

Wherein said coating is selected from amorphous alloy, phosphorus content greater than composite material, graphite, the MoS through heat treated nickel-phosphorus based on electroless coating or plating of 12wt% ₂, WS ₂, based on the composite material of fullerene, based on boride ceramet, quasi-crystalline state material, based on adamantine material, diamond-like-carbon (DLC), boron nitride, and above-mentioned combination, and

In well construction, completion or production operation, utilize described band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through applying.

132. 1 described method according to claim 13, wherein said one or more body comprise relative to each other two or more bodies of motion.

133. 1 described method according to claim 13, wherein said one or more body comprises two or more relative to each other static bodies.

134. 1 described method according to claim 13, wherein said one or more body also comprises sphere or complex geometric shapes.

135. 4 described methods according to claim 13, wherein said complex geometric shapes has at least a portion for non-cylindrical shape.

136. 2 or 133 described methods according to claim 13, wherein said two or more bodies comprise substantially at one or more other intrinsic one or more body.

137. 2 or 133 described methods according to claim 13, wherein said two or more bodies are bordered on mutually.

138. 2 or 133 described methods according to claim 13, wherein said two or more bodies are not bordered on mutually.

139. 2 or 133 described methods according to claim 13, wherein said two or more bodies are coaxial or out-of-alignment.

140. 1 described method according to claim 13, wherein said one or more body is solid, hollow or above-mentioned combination.

141. 1 described method according to claim 13, wherein said one or more body comprise that outer cross, internal cross section or internal cross section and outer cross are circular, oval-shaped or polygonal at least one body substantially substantially substantially.

142. 1 described method according to claim 13, the friction factor of wherein said coating is less than or equal to 0.15.

143. 1 described method according to claim 13, wherein said coating provides the hardness greater than 400VHN.

144. 1 described method according to claim 13, wherein said coating provides at least 3 times of large wear resistancies of device than uncoated.

145. 1 described method according to claim 13, the water contact angle of wherein said coating is greater than 60 degree.

146. 1 described method according to claim 13, wherein said coating provides the surface energy less than 1J/m2.

147. 1 described method according to claim 13, wherein said coating comprises single coating layer or two or more coating layers.

148. 7 described methods according to claim 14, wherein said two or more coating layers have substantially identical or different coatings.

149. 7 described methods according to claim 14, the thickness of each layer in the thickness of wherein said single coating layer and described two or more coating layers is in 0.5 micron to 5000 microns scope.

150. 7 described methods according to claim 14, wherein said coating also comprises one or more buffer layer.

151. 0 described method according to claim 15, wherein said one or more buffer layer place between the surface and described single coating layer or described two or more coating layers of described one or more body.

152. 0 described method according to claim 15, wherein said one or more buffer layer is selected from following element, alloy, carbide, nitride, carbon-nitride and oxide: silicon, titanium, chromium, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, zirconium or hafnium.

153. 1 described method according to claim 13, the dynamic friction coefficient of wherein said coating be not less than described coating static friction coefficient 50%.

154. 1 described method according to claim 13, the dynamic friction coefficient of wherein said coating is more than or equal to the static friction coefficient of described coating.

155. 1 described method according to claim 13, wherein said one or more body also is included in the hard formation that adds on its at least a portion.

156. 5 described methods according to claim 14, the wherein said hard formation that adds comprises composite material or hard metal alloys based on ceramic-metallic material, metal matrix.

157. 1 or 155 described methods according to claim 13, wherein said one or more body also comprise surface and the described coating at least a portion of described body that places described one or more body or add separation layer between the hard formation.

158. 7 described methods according to claim 15, wherein said separation layer comprises stainless steel or nickel-base alloy.

159. 1 described method according to claim 13, wherein said one or more body also comprises screw thread.

160. 9 described methods according to claim 15, at least a portion of wherein said screw thread is coated.

161. 9 or 160 described methods also comprise sealing surfaces according to claim 15, at least a portion of wherein said sealing surfaces is coated.

162. each described method in 1,132 or 133 according to claim 13, wherein said one or more body is the well constructing device.

163. 2 described methods according to claim 16, wherein said well constructing device is selected from: choke, valve, valve seat, oil nozzle, ball valve, annular isolation valve, subsurface safety, centrifuge, elbow, T shape pipe, joiner, preventer, wear-resisting axle bush, back and forth and/or dynamic metal-metal seal, the spring in the safety valve, shock-absorbing connection and bumper jar, logging tool arm, rig slippage equipment, ratchet and above-mentioned combination in the rotating seal component.

164. each described method in 1,132 or 133 according to claim 13, wherein said one or more body is completion and process units.

165. 4 described methods according to claim 16, wherein said completion and process units are selected from: choke, valve, valve seat, oil nozzle, ball valve, inflow control device, the smart well valve, the annular isolation valve, subsurface safety, centrifuge, gas lifting and chemical product injection valve, elbow, T shape pipe, joiner, preventer, wear-resisting axle bush, back and forth and/or the dynamic metal-metal seal in the rotating seal component, spring in the safety valve, shock-absorbing connection and bumper jar, the logging tool arm, side pocket, axle, packer slip, the packet locking plate, the sandstone probe, the well stream flowmeter, the non-cylindrical part of sandstone screen cloth, and above-mentioned combination.

166. 1 described method according to claim 13, wherein said diamond-like-carbon (DLC) applies by the auxiliary chemical vapour phase deposition coating coating technique of physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition or plasma.

167. 6 described methods according to claim 16, wherein said physical vapor deposition painting method is selected from: RF-DC plasma reaction magnetron sputtering, ion beam assisted depositing, cathodic arc deposition and pulsed laser deposition.

168. 1 described method according to claim 13, wherein said one or more sleeve comprise metal, metal alloy, pottery, ceramet, polymer, carbon steel, Steel Alloy, stainless steel, WC base hard metal or above-mentioned combination.

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