CN102859250B - Through the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units of coating - Google Patents

Abstract

Band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating comprises Oil/gas Well process units, this Oil/gas Well process units comprises one or more body and one or more sleeve near the outer surface or internal surface of one or more body, and in the coating gone up at least partially of inner sleeve surface, outer sleeve surface or its combination, its floating coat is selected from amorphous alloy, composite material (wherein phosphorus content is greater than 12wt%), graphite, MoS through heat treated nickel-phosphorus based on electroless coating or plating ₂, WS ₂, the composite material based on fullerene, the ceramet based on boride, quasi-crystalline state material, based on adamantine material, diamond-like-carbon (DLC), boron nitride and above-mentioned combination.The described band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating can be provided for that well is built, the friction of the reduction of completion and production of hydrocarbons, wearing and tearing, burn into erosion and deposition.

Description

Through the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units of coating

Technical field

Present disclosure relates to the field of Oil/gas Well production operation.Present disclosure relates more specifically to use the band sleeve means through coating, is used for reducing the friction in Oil/gas Well production operation, wearing and tearing, burn into erosion and deposition.This type of band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating can be used on drilling equipment, sea risers system, tubular article (sleeve pipe, oil pipe and drill string), well head, production tree and valve, completion tubular column and equipment, stratum and sandstone face completion equipment, artificial lift equipment and well servicing equipment.

Background technique

Oil/gas Well is produced exists basic mechanical problem, it is corrected, repair or anticorrosion may high cost or or even forbid.Rub ubiquitous in oil field, the device being in moving contact weares and teares and loses their original size, and device can owing to corroding, corrosion and deposition and deteriorated.These are all the obstacles of Successful Operation, and it comes anticorrosion by the as described below band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating that optionally uses.

drilling equipment:

After special position being defined as the hydrocarbon district of expecting, production operation starts with the motion of rig and operation.In rotary drill-well operation, drill bit is attached to the end of bottomhole assembly, and this bottomhole assembly is attached to the drill string comprising drilling pipe and tool-joint.Drill string can be rotated by rotating platform or top drive unit in surface, and the weight of drill string and bottomhole assembly causes roller bit to be holed in earth.Along with operation is carried out, new drill pipe section is increased to drill string, in order to increase its total length.During drill-well operation, termly sleeve pipe is added to the boring of opening, in order to make wall stablize, and recover drill-well operation.As a result, drill string is usually not only in the boring (" open-hole ") of opening but also installing operation sleeve pipe in the borehole (" adding collar aperture ") in.Selectively, coiled tubing can replace the drill string in drilling assemblies.The combination of drill string and bottomhole assembly or coiled tubing and bottomhole assembly is referred to herein as drill rod assemblies.The rotation of drill string provides power through drill string and bottomhole assembly to drill bit.In coiled tubing drilling well, power is delivered to drill bit by drilling fluid.The amount of the power that can transmit by rotating is subject to the restriction of the Maximum Torque that drill string or coiled tubing can bear.

Selectable and in the boring method be of little use, sleeve pipe itself is for piercing in stratum.Cutting element attaches to casing shoe, and sleeve pipe can rotate, in order to rotate cutting element.In the following discussion, will comprise for " the well casing tubing string " of " adding sleeve pipe in drilling well " method drilled formation simultaneously to quoting of drill rod assemblies.

During subsurface formations boring, a large amount of sliding contact is carried out in both drill rod assemblies and Steel Sleeve and rock stratum.This sliding contact causes primarily of drill rod assemblies rotation in the borehole and axial motion.The moving surface of drill rod assemblies and the friction between sleeve pipe and the static surface on stratum produce sizable dragging and act on and during drill-well operation, cause excessive moment of torsion and drag effect on drilling rod.The problem that causes of rubbing is intrinsic in any drill-well operation, but the well drilled through in orientation or Large travel range drill through in the well of (ERD) and especially bother.Orientation drills through or ERD is that well is from vertical skew of having a mind to.In some cases, inclination (with the angle vertically formed) can be as big as 90 degree.This type of well is commonly referred to horizontal well and can gets into sizable degree of depth and sizable distance from drill platform.

In all drill-well operations, drill rod assemblies is tended to lay against boring or the sidepiece of casing, but in the well drilled through in orientation, this tendency is much bigger due to Action of Gravity Field.Drilling rod also can be laid against the wall of boring or sleeve pipe partly in the high region of the wall of boring or the local curvature of sleeve pipe.Along with length or the vertical departure degree increase of drill string, the amount of friction that the drill rod assemblies of rotation produces also increases.The region that local curvature increases can increase the amount of the friction produced by the drill rod assemblies rotated.Increasing to overcome this friction, needing extra power to carry out rotary drill rod assembly.In some cases, drill rod assemblies and casing wall or the rubbing action between holing exceed the maximum torque capacity of Maximum Torque that drill rod assemblies can bear and/or rig, and must stop drill-well operation.As a result, the degree of depth of the well utilizing available directional drilling equipment and technology to drill through is finally by frictional limited.

The tubing string carrying out sliding contact campaign relative to outer tube or the inner cylinder tube more generally moved in outer cylinder be these operation wherein several in common geometrical construction.A kind of art methods of the friction caused for the sliding contact between reducing by tubing string is: the lubricity improving circulation.In industrial operation, attempted mainly through utilizing the drilling fluid solution based on water and/or oil to reduce friction, this drilling fluid solution contains various types of costliness and usual additive not environmentally.For the many additives in these additives, the lubricity of the increase obtained from these additives reduces along with the increase of borehole temperature.As oiling agent, but can there is the problem of Deal With Drilling Fluid in usual use diesel oil and other mineral oil, and these fluids also lose lubricity at elevated temperatures.Some mineral known such as bentonite contributes to reducing the friction between drill rod assemblies and the boring of unlatching.Use the material of such as polytetrafluoroethylene to reduce sliding contact friction; But, these material shortage durability and intensity.Other additive comprises vegetable oil, pitch, graphite, washing agent, glass bead and walnut shell, but these all have the narrow limitation of himself.

For reducing another art methods of the friction between pipe be: use aluminium to be used for drill string, because aluminum ratio steel is light.But aluminium is expensive and may be difficult to use in drill-well operation, and its wear resistance is not as steel, and it is incompatible with many fluid types (such as, having the fluid of high pH).In addition, the industry has developed the inner sleeve tubing string device of " floating " in tubing string outside of sening as an envoy to, but in this operation period, circulation is restricted and it cannot be applicable to pore-forming technique.

Another method of friction between the tubing string reducing pipe is: on interior tubing string, use hard facing material (herein also referred to as stiffening layer or hard mask).U.S. Patent No. 4,665,996 disclose the hard mask using and be applied to the main bearing surface of drilling pipe, the full text of this patent is incorporated to herein by reference, wherein alloy has following component: the cobalt of 50-65%, the molybdenum of 25-35%, the chromium of 1-18%, the silicon of 2-10% and lower than 0.1% carbon, for the friction reduced between tubing string and sleeve pipe or rock.As a result, rotary drill-well operation, the moment of torsion especially required for directed drilling reduces.The wear resistance that disclosed alloy additionally provides the excellence on drill string reduces the wearing and tearing on casing simultaneously.The stiffening layer of another kind of form is the WC-cobalt ceramet being applied to drill rod assemblies.Other stiffening layer material comprises carbide and the nitride system of TiC, Cr-carbide and other mixing.The trade mark of such as Stellite6 and the Stellite12(Cabot company of the Tungsten carbite containing alloy) as hard facing material, there is excellent wear resistance, but the excessive wear of relative device may be caused.Welding method or hot spray process can be used stiffening layer to be applied to each several part of drill rod assemblies.In drill-well operation, be tending towards the drill rod assemblies leaned against on casing and wear and tear continuously along with drill string rotating casing.

Except the stiffening layer on tool-joint, some band sleeve means uses in the industry.Based on the wear proofing device of polymer-steel in U.S. Patent No. 4,171,560(Garrett, " MethodofAssemblingaWearSleeveonaDrillPipeAssembly. ") open.WesternWellTool develops subsequently and currently provides irrotational protector (Non-RotatingProtector), the contact between the pipe departed from well in order to control and sleeve pipe, i.e. U.S. Patent No. 5; 803,193,6,250; 405 and 6, the theme of 378,633.

The people such as Strand have obtained the patent right of metal " wear-resistant sleeve " device (U.S. Patent No. 7,028,788), and it is the device arranging stiffening layer material on removable sleeve pipe.This device is the ring that usual wall thickness is less than 1/2nd inches, its have reduction diameter pin a part on be swirled on the pin link of drilling pipe tool-joint, until the oblique angle diameter of link.Ring has the internal thread with the contrary left-handed orientation of tool-joint in a part for internal surface.Make screw thread by this way, ring is not restrained against pin link body, but on the contrary, and it turns right with drill string and is displaced to cover-pin junction surface.This device is introduced to the market by Arnco, and its trade mark is called " WearSleeve ".Commercially occur that for many years and at least one times after site test, system is not also widely used.Method disclosed herein provides the obvious advantage being better than WearSleeve device.

Arnco has designed the fixing stiffening layer system be usually located in the middle of drill pipe joints, as at U.S. Patent Publication No.2007/0209839Al, described in " SystemandMethodforReducingWearinDrillPipeSections ".

Individually, the tool-joint structure that pin link is maintained in slips is disposed at the scene, and the standard oil industry that this and cover link are kept by slips constructs different.Some benefit has been required protection; as at exemplary announcement SPE18667 (1989) Dudman; R.A. " Pin-upDrillstringTechnology:Design; Application; andCaseHistories " and SPE52848 (1999) Dudman of people is waited; R.A. wait people " Low-StressLevelPinUpDrillstringOptimizesDrillingof20,000ftSlim-HoleinSouthernOklahoma. " in record.Dudman disclose for some hole dimension than the large pipe diameter used in the downward convention of standard pin and link size, this is because pin link diameter can manufacture less than cover link diameter and still meet salvage requirement.

Also have many other equipments unit on rig with metal-metal contact, it bears friction, wearing and tearing, erosion, corrosion and/or deposition.These devices include but not limited to following list: the valve in pumping equipment, piston, cylinder and bearing; For mobile drill and the wheel of bored material and equipment, sliding beam, skidding, sliding sleeve and supporting plate; Top drive and lifting means; Mixer, blade, compressor, blade and turbine; And the bearing of rotating equipment and the bearing of rock bit.

The specific operation beyond hole operation is become usually to carry out during drilling technology, comprise: measure open-hole (or adding trepanning section), with evaluation of earth formations characteristic, bore core to remove the part on stratum, for Scientific evaluation, the formation fluid of catching under downhole condition, for fluid analysis, against well place tool, in order to record acoustic signal and other operation and method well known by persons skilled in the art.Major part in these operations comprises a body relative to the axis of another body or twist motion, wherein two bodies certain contact force of make use of opposing relative movement and contact friction and mechanically contact, thus causes friction and wear.

sea risers system:

In ocean environment, another complexity is that wellhead tree tree may be " dry type " (being positioned at above sea level on platform) or " wet type " (being positioned on sea bed).In arbitrary situation, the duct conduits being known as " standpipe " is placed between the water surface and seabed, and wherein drill sting device to be stretched in standpipe and drilling fluid returns in annular space.Standpipe may especially easily occur in outside static duct, to rotate relevant problem to interior conduit, this is because standpipe is not fixing, but also may owing to not only to move with the contact of ocean environment with drill string.Sea risers drag effect and vortex shedding causes load and vibration, it is partly the surface friction drag of the ocean current of external surface peripheral due to sea risers.

The intrasystem operation of sea risers is usually directed to a body relative to the axis of another body or twist motion, and wherein two bodies are to overcome certain contact force and the contact friction Mechanical Contact of relative movement, thus cause friction and wear.

tubular article:

Oil pipes part article (OCTG) comprise drill sting device, sleeve pipe, oil pipe, work string, coiled tubing and standpipe.Major part OCTG(but coiled tubing except) common ground be threaded, it suffers unsuitable screw thread and/or Sealing to interfere the incipient fault caused, thus causing the scratch in the connector of coupling, this can suppress using and reusing of whole pipe coupling due to impaired connection.Screw thread can, by Shot peening, cold rolling and/or chemical treatment (such as, phosphate, copper facing etc.), to improve their scratching characteristic, and adopt suitable pipe thread composite to be that link use provides benefit.But, still exist now and abrade the problem relevant with interference problem with screw thread, especially for the more expensive OCTG material alloys of the testing requirement of extreme condition.

Use the operation of OCTG to be usually directed to a body relative to the axis of another body or twist motion, wherein two bodies are to overcome certain contact force and the contact friction Mechanical Contact of relative movement, thus cause friction and wear.This motion may be needs for installation, and after installation, device can be substantially static, or this motion may be needs for the application repeated, in order to perform some operation.

well head, production tree and valve:

At the top of sleeve pipe, fluid is held by wellhead equipment, and this wellhead equipment generally includes multiple valve and various types of preventer (BOP).Subsurface safety is the key equipment parts that must correctly work under urgent or runaway condition.Subsurface safety is arranged on shaft bottom, is usually arranged in oil pipe column, and can be closed, in order to prevent from flowing from underground.The choke be connected with well head and flowline (particularly joint and elbow) suffer to rub, wear and tear, burn into erosion and deposition.Choke may be refluxed by sandstone and cut off, and such as, makes the measurement inaccuracy of flow velocity.

Many devices in these devices depend on Sealing and mechanical tolerance closely, comprise both metal to metal seal part and elastomeric seal.Many devices (sleeve, bag, oil nozzle, spicule, gate, ball, plug, cross-over joint, joiner, packet, stuffing box, valve rod, centrifuge etc.) suffer the friction and the Mechanical degradation that are attributed to corrosion and erosion, and the potential blocking even caused by the deposition of dirty body, pitch, paraffin and hydrate.A part for these devices can be arranged on shaft bottom or seabed, and obtains maintenance channel so that repairing or recovery are impossible or may be costly.

Relate to well head, the operation of production tree and valve is usually directed to a body relative to the axis of another body or twist motion, wherein two bodies are to overcome certain contact force and the contact friction Mechanical Contact of relative movement, thus cause friction and wear.This motion may be needs for installation, and after installation, device can be substantially static, or this motion may be operating to perform some of needs for repeated application.Some in these systems also establish needs the close tolerance of Leakage prevention and the static state of smooth surface or dynamic seal (packing).

completion tubular column and equipment:

When drilling well is added cover to prevent collapse hole and not controlled fluid from flowing, must well completion operations be performed, carry out Operational preparation to make well.This operation relates to equipment feeding and sends well such as, to perform some operation, cement grouting, perforation, oil recovery and well logging.The conveying means that two kinds of completion equipment are conventional is wire rope and pipeline (drilling pipe, coiled tubing or oil pipe work string).These operations can comprise and run logging tool and in sleeve pipe, form hole to allow hydrocarbon to produce or fluid injects, adopts interim or permanent connector isolation fluid pressure, runs packet to be conducive to arrangement pipeline to provide the equipment of the sealing between pipe interior and annular region and other type needed for operation cement grouting, oil recovery and completion record stratum and fluid characteristics, use PUNCH GUN.Wireline tools and work string can comprise packet, straddle-type packet and sleeve pipe patchery part, except packet placing tool, for by device in side pocket of valve and apparatus installation and the equipment being used for other type performing downhole operation.Laying of these instruments, laying specifically in extended reach well may drag effect by friction and hinder.Stay in hole for the production of final completion tubular column be commonly referred to as production tube tubing string.

The installation of completion tubular column and equipment and use are usually directed to a body relative to the axis of another body or twist motion, and wherein two bodies are to overcome certain contact force and the contact friction Mechanical Contact of relative movement, thus cause friction and wear.This motion may be needs for installation, and after installation, device can be substantially static, or this motion may be operating to perform some of needs for repeated application.

stratum and sandstone face completion:

In many wells, there is the trend of sandstone or earth formation material inflow well.In order to prevent this situation, striding across well completion interval and placing in well " sandstone screen cloth ".This operation can comprise the special major diameter assembly of structure, is included in the one in several sandstone sieve net meshe designs on center " base tube ".Screen cloth and base tube are frequently corroded and corrode and may lose efficacy due to sandstone " cutting ".In addition, in big-inclination well, the friction drag run into while screen cloth is sent into well may be excessive, and limit the use of these devices, or the length of well may be subject to the restriction can carrying out the maximum depth of screen cloth operation due to surface friction drag.

In these wells controlled needing sandstone, sandstone shape blocking materials i.e. " proppant " is pumped in the annular region between screen cloth and stratum, flows through screen cloth in order to prevent formation particles.This operation is called " gravel pack ", or can be described as when pressure break state is carried out " pressure break packing ".In other stratum many, usually in the well not having sandstone screen cloth, pressure break oil recovery process can be carried out, wherein bet into the blocking materials of this identical or different type in pressure break state, deviate to be formed the large pressure break wing supported that well extends quite long one end distance, thus increase production or injection rate.Because proppant particles contacts with each other and contiguity constraint wall, so there is surface friction drag while pumping process.In addition, proppant particles is subject to granulitization at production period and also produces " particulate " that fluid flow resistance is increased.Proppant characteristics, it is important for comprising the intensity of particle, friction factor, shape and roughness for the final increase of the successful execution of this process and the productivity of well or injection rate.

The installation of sandstone screen cloth and work-over operation are subsequently usually directed to a body relative to the axis of another body or twist motion, and wherein two bodies are to overcome certain contact force and the contact friction Mechanical Contact of relative movement, thus cause friction and wear.This motion may be needs for installation, and after installation, device can be substantially static, or this motion may be operating to perform some of needs for repeated application.

artificial lift equipment:

When starting to produce from well, it may flow with gratifying speed under the pressure of himself.But many wells some time point in its mining term needs to assist by fluid from well lifting out.Making to come in many ways to pass the imperial examinations at the provincial level up-flow body from well, comprising: for removing sucker rod, the Corod of fluid from well ^tMand submersible electrical water pump, for discharging the Plunger Lift device of liquid from mainly gas well, and for the density that reduces fluid column along oil pipe " gas lifting " or gas inject.Selectively, the valve by separating along oil pipe injects specialty chemicals to prevent gathering of dirty body, pitch, paraffin or hydrate sediment.

Production tube tubing string can comprise the device for auxiliary fluid flowing.The wherein several of these devices may depend on Sealing and mechanical tolerance closely, comprise both metal to metal seal part and elastomeric seal.Interface between parts (sleeve, bag, connector, packet, cross-over joint, joiner, hole, axle etc.) suffers to be attributed to corrosion and the friction of corroding and Mechanical degradation, and the potential blocking even caused by the deposition of dirty body, pitch, paraffin or hydrate or machinery coordinate and interferes.Particularly, gas lift device, submersible pump and other artificial lift equipment can comprise valve, Sealing, rotor, stator and may corrode or deposition and cannot other device of normal running due to friction, wearing and tearing, burn into.

The installation of artificial lift equipment and operation and work-over operation are subsequently usually directed to a body relative to the axis of another body or twist motion, wherein two bodies are to overcome certain contact force and the contact friction Mechanical Contact of relative movement, thus cause friction and wear.

well servicing equipment:

The downhole operation of usual needs to well near storage stratigraphic interval, produces or injection rate to collect data or initialization, recovery or to increase.These operations comprise equipment feeding and send well.The common conveying means of completion equipment and instrument two kinds is wire rope and pipeline.These operations can comprise and run logging tool and in sleeve pipe, form hole to allow hydrocarbon to produce or fluid injection, to adopt interim or permanent connector with the sealing between the interval being conducive to completion, and to run the highly-specialised equipment of other type with isolation fluid pressure, operation packet record stratum and fluid characteristics, use PUNCH GUN.The operation sending into equipment and send well comprises the sliding contact caused by the relative movement of two bodies, thus forms friction drag.

Work-over operation is usually directed to a body relative to the axis of another body or twist motion, and wherein two bodies are to overcome certain contact force and the contact friction Mechanical Contact of relative movement, thus cause friction and wear.

correlation technique:

Except prior art above, U.S. Patent Publication No.2008/0236842, " DownholeOilfieldApparatusComprisingaDiamond-LikeCarbonCo atingandMethodsofUse " discloses and DLC coating is applied to the downhole device with the internal surface being exposed to downhole environment.The document is not disclosed on band sleeve means and uses external skin, and especially, the document is not discussed and applied the outside of drilling tool joint component.

Saenger and Desroches describes " coating gone up at least partially on the surface of support " for downhole tool operation in EP2090741A1.Disclosed such coating comprises DLC, diamond carbon and the Cavidur(proprietary DLC coating from Bekaert).This coating is particularly referred to as " for reducing the inert material that friction is selected ".Describe the embody rule to logging tool and O type circle.The concrete benefit quoted comprises the reduction of friction and corrosion.Although show drill string in the figure of this application, do not mention in this application and coating is applied to drill string or tool-joint.

The people such as VanDenBrekel disclose a kind of boring method in WO2008/138957A2, wherein harder than drill string material 1 to 5 times of shell material, and in drilling fluid, employ the additive reducing friction.Drill string can have by the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) applied as the skin reducing friction.The disclosure content is different from the present invention, because coating to be applied has the hardness number larger than shell material, and does not provide the explanation of drilling fluid in the present invention.

The people such as Wei also disclose and use coating (U.S. Patent No. 6 on the internal surfaces of tubular structure, 764,714, " MethodforDepositingCoatingsontheInteriorSurfacesofTubula rWalls " and U.S. Patent No. 7,052,736, " MethodforDepositingCoatingsontheInteriorSurfacesofTubula rStructures ").The people such as Tudhope also develop the device of the internal surface of coating of objects, comprise such as U.S. Patent No. 7,541,069, " MethodandSystemforCoatingInternalSurfacesUsingReverse-Fl owCycling ".

Griffo, at U.S. Patent Publication No.2008/0127475, discloses in " CompositeCoatingwithNanoparticlesforImprovedWearandLubri cityinDownholeTools " and use super hard abrasive nano particle on the parts of drill bit and bottomhole assembly.

The people such as Gammage in U.S. Patent No. 7,487, disclose in 840 and the metalizing of the outer surface of downhole tool parts applied.

Thornton, at WO2007/091054, discloses in " ImprovementsInandRelatingtoDownholeTools " and use tungsten disulfide (WS in downhole tool ₂).

Drill bit and drill bit seals use coating in such as U.S. Patent No. 7,234,541 " DLCCoatingforEarth-BoringBitSealRing ", U.S. Patent No. 6,450,271 " SurfaceModificationsforRotaryDrillBits " and U. S. Patent 7, open in 228,922 " DrillBit ".

In addition, DLC coating is used in U.S. Patent No. 6 in non-field use, 156,616 " SyntheticDiamondCoatingswithIntermediateBondingLayersand MethodsofApplyingSuchCoatings " and U.S. Patent No.s 5, open in 707,717 " ArticlesHavingDiamond-LikeProtectiveFilm ".

necessity of the present disclosure:

Consider these extensive character to the wide in range requirement of production operation; need the application of new cladding material technology, its protective gear avoids being subject to the sliding contact between two or more devices and may comprise the impact of the friction caused by fluid stream therein of solid particle of high-speed mobile, wearing and tearing, burn into erosion and deposition.This demand requires new material, and this new material is combined with the ability of high hardness and the low coefficient of friction when contacting with relative surface (COF).And the use of band casing bit disposes the reality of this coating and the mode of economy in Oil/gas Well manufacturing mechanism.If this cladding material also can provide low energy surface and be resisted against the low coefficient of friction of the wall of a borehole, then this new material coating can realize super extended reach well drilling, under difficult circumstances (comprising sea and deep water applications) reliably and effectively operate, and can realize in Oil/gas Well production operation that cost reduces, Security and operation improve.As envisaged, the well process units of band sleeve use these coatings to have a wide range of applications and provide significant improvement and expansion to well production operation.

Therefore, there are the needs for the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating.First, method process units applying coating of the present invention may require that body is closed in room.This may be very circumscribed requirement for many oilfield components.Such as, the geometrical shape of long pipeline section is inconvenient for this room.This possibility neither be very effective, because surface area to be coated may be a very little part for the total surface area of main body.The ferrule element through coating through the band sleeve means of coating can be transported to field position and be arranged on manufacturing mechanism, and cost is lower compared with disposing the optional apparatus of this low-friction coating.And need in ferrule element or coating in some application being replaced or upgrading, the structure of band sleeve system is economical, and has minimum transport demand and equipment downtime.Ferrule element self can comprise the different material of the body close from it.The ferrule element meeting that can stand during coating processes undermines high temperature and other environmental conditions of other element of system.Ferrule element through the band sleeve means of coating can more effectively coated low-friction material and the coated possible types of coatings than attempting the wider scope of the larger portion part of coating equipment, thus facilitates and utilize low-friction coating in order to improve effective mechanical property of these devices.The effective means that prior art does not openly address these problems, and realization is used low-friction coating by the inventive method in Oil/gas Well process units.

Summary of the invention

According to present disclosure, the favourable band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating comprises: one or more cylindrical body, one or more sleeve near the external diameter or internal diameter of one or more cylindrical body and the coating gone up at least partially in the inner sleeve surface of one or more sleeve, outer sleeve surface or its combination, and its floating coat is selected from amorphous alloy, composite material (wherein phosphorus content is greater than 12wt%), graphite, MoS through heat treated nickel-phosphorus based on electroless coating or plating ₂, WS ₂, the composite material based on fullerene, the ceramet based on boride, quasi-crystalline state material, based on adamantine material, diamond-like-carbon (DLC), boron nitride and above-mentioned combination.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to the favourable band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating, and comprise Oil/gas Well process units, it comprises: one or more body, and wherein this one or more body does not comprise drill bit; One or more sleeve near the outer surface or internal surface of one or more body; And in the coating gone up at least partially of the inner sleeve surface of one or more sleeve, outer sleeve surface or its combination, wherein this coating is selected from amorphous alloy, composite material (wherein phosphorus content is greater than 12wt%), graphite, MoS through heat treated nickel-phosphorus based on electroless coating or plating ₂, WS ₂, the composite material based on fullerene, the ceramet based on boride, quasi-crystalline state material, based on adamantine material, diamond-like-carbon (DLC), boron nitride and above-mentioned combination.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to the favorable method of the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units used through coating, comprise: the Oil/gas Well process units through coating is provided, this Oil/gas Well process units through coating comprises one or more cylindrical body, one or more sleeve near the external diameter or internal diameter of one or more cylindrical body and the inner sleeve surface at one or more sleeve, the coating gone up at least partially of outer sleeve surface or its combination, its floating coat is selected from amorphous alloy, through the composite material (wherein phosphorus content is greater than 12wt%) of heat treated nickel-phosphorus based on electroless coating or plating, graphite, MoS ₂, WS ₂, the composite material based on fullerene, the ceramet based on boride, quasi-crystalline state material, based on adamantine material, diamond-like-carbon (DLC), boron nitride and above-mentioned combination, and build at well, utilize band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating in completion or production operation.

Another aspect of the invention relates to the favorable method of the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units used through coating, comprise: the Oil/gas Well process units through coating is provided, this Oil/gas Well process units through coating comprises: one or more body, and wherein this one or more body does not comprise drill bit; Near the outer surface or internal surface of one or more body, there is one or more sleeve; And in the coating gone up at least partially of the inner sleeve surface of one or more sleeve, outer sleeve surface or its combination, wherein this coating is selected from amorphous alloy, composite material (wherein phosphorus content is greater than 12wt%), graphite, MoS through heat treated nickel-phosphorus based on electroless coating or plating ₂, WS ₂, the composite material based on fullerene, the ceramet based on boride, quasi-crystalline state material, based on adamantine material, diamond-like-carbon (DLC), boron nitride and above-mentioned combination; And utilize this through the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units of coating in well construction, completion or production operation.

The disclosed band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating and use this band sleeve means to reduce friction in these application regions, wearing and tearing, these and other characteristic sum attribute of method of burn into erosion and deposition and their favourable application and/or purposes will become obvious, from the following detailed description particularly when being combined in the accompanying drawing appended by this and reading.

Accompanying drawing explanation

In order to help the those of ordinary skill manufacture of correlation technique and utilize theme of the present invention, with reference to accompanying drawing, in the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 describes in the independent well construction of whole production process, completion, oil recovery, well workover and the Oil/gas Well production system adopting well process units in the production phase.

Fig. 2 describes the exemplary application of the coating of the band sleeve drill rod assemblies be applied to for subterranean well application.

Fig. 3 describes the exemplary application of the coating being applied to the bottomhole assembly apparatus that can be suitable for the sleeve used through coating, and described bottomhole assembly apparatus is reamer, stabilizer, milling cutter and reamer in this case.

Fig. 4 describes the exemplary application of the coating of the sea risers system being applied to the wear-resisting axle bush of sleeve had through coating.

Fig. 5 describes the exemplary application of the sleeve through coating be applied to for the polished rod of shaft bottom pumping operation, sucker rod and pump.

Fig. 6 describes the exemplary application of the sleeve through coating being applied to PUNCH GUN, packet and logging tool.

Fig. 7 describes the exemplary application of the coating of the hawser bundle being applied to wire rope and Steel Cable and becoming stock.Sleeve through coating can use so that make wire rope smooth operation in axle bush.

Fig. 8 describes the exemplary application of base tube and screen assemblies and the coating for the screen cloth of solids control equipment be applied to for the control operation of gravel pack sandstone, illustrates simultaneously and can be used for the auxiliary sleeve through coating slided into by screen cloth in well.

Fig. 9 describes the exemplary application of the sleeve through coating being applied to well head and valve assembly, is wherein with casing bit to can be used in valve to be provided in the sealing under lower steering force and load.

Figure 10 describes the exemplary application of the sleeve through coating being applied to orifice meter, choke and turbine flowmeter.

Figure 11 describes and is applied to the exemplary application that cover washes the grapple of fishing tool and the sleeve through coating of slip socket (overshot).

Figure 12 describes the exemplary application of the coating being applied to threaded connector and illustrates that screw thread abrades.

Figure 13 shows the exemplary application in the band sleeve drill stem connection through coating of the ferrule element through coating, shows pin downwards and pin upwards connecting structure and sleeve parameter possible in addition.

Figure 14 schematically depict the corresponding of transmission rate (ROP) during the rotary drilling of underground and the weight (WOB) on drill bit.

Figure 15 describes the relation between the coating COF of coatings more disclosed herein compared with base steel sleeve pipe and coating hardness.

Figure 16 describes typical load-deformation curve, shows the high elastic limit of amorphous alloy and amorphous metal/alloy phase ratio.

Figure 17 describes the ternary phase diagrams of amorphous carbon.

Figure 18 describes the schematic diagram that hydrogen hangs key theory.

Figure 19 describes the frictionand wear properties of DLC coating in dry type sliding wear testing.

Figure 20 describes DLC coating based on the frictionand wear properties in the drilling fluid of oil.

Figure 21 describes the frictionand wear properties of DLC coating in based on the drilling fluid of oil in high temperature (150 °F) sliding wear testing.

Figure 22 describes the frictional behaviour that DLC coating is compared with the frictional behaviour of stiffening layer with the exposed steel of uncoated in based on the drilling fluid of oil at the temperature raised (150 °F with 200 °F).

Figure 23 describes DLC coating and weakens performance with the speed of the exposed steel matrix ratio of uncoated.

Figure 24 describes the SEM cross section of individual layer disclosed herein and multilayer DLC coating.

Figure 25 describes the water contact angle of DLC coating compared with 4142 steel of uncoated.

Figure 26 describes the illustrative diagram of the mixing DLC coating in the stiffening layer of drill rod assemblies.

definition

" annular isolation valve " is in order to control the valve from the flowing of the annular space between sleeve pipe and oil pipe in surface.

" pitch " be can be deposited on pipeline and other mobile units wall on and therefore form the heavy hydrocarbon chain of flow constraint.

" base tube " is used as the lining that sandstone controls the bearing device of screen cloth.Screen cloth is attached to the outside of base tube.Can being bored a hole in advance at least partially of base tube, slot or be equipped with inflow control device.Base tube is having screw thread to make in the junction section of assembling while extending in hole.

" bearings and bushings ", for providing low-friction surface for two devices, in order to make two devices relative to each other move with sliding contact, especially allow relative rotary motion.

" blast joint " during oil recovery process, strides across flowing perforation use or in import, stride across the pipeline compared with heavy wall of fluid input use.Larger wall thickness and/or material hardness are resisted because sandstone or proppant impact by complete eating thrown.

" bottomhole assembly " (BHA) comprises one or more device, include but not limited to: stabilizer, variable gauge stabilizer, return reamer, drill collar, flexible drill collar, rotary steerable tool, roller reamer, shock-absorbing connection, drilling fluid motor, simultaneous logging (LWD) instrument of drilling well, (MWD) instrument is measured while drilling well, sampling tool, lower reamer, reamer, centralizer, turbine, curved housing, bending motor, drill jar, accelerate bumper jar, crossover sub, buffering bumper jar, moment of torsion reduces instrument, floating junction, fishing tool, fishing jar, washover pipe road, logging tool, exploration tool-joint, any one non magnetic accessory in these devices, and above-mentioned combination, with above-mentioned relevant external connection device.

" sleeve pipe " is mounted in the pipeline in well, in order to prevent collapse hole and enable drilling well with higher fluid density and continue at the bottom part down of sleeve pipe tubing string when fluid can not flow into and add cover stratum.Usually, multiple sleeve pipe tubing string is arranged in the well that diameter diminishes gradually.

" casing stabbing board " is bound to outside of sleeve when it runs in hole.Centralizer is equipped with steel spring or metal dactylitic piece usually, and described steel spring or metal dactylitic piece push against stratum, in order to realize departing from from formation wall, its objective is righting sleeve pipe to provide at its vicinity evenly annular space, thus realize better cement seal.Centralizer can comprise finger device, in order to well of swiping, thus drives away the drilling fluid filter residue that cement and stratum may be suppressed directly to contact.

" while drilling well, add cover " and refer to and use sleeve pipe to replace the newer of removable drill string drilling well and the method be of little use.When hole section has reached the degree of depth, sleeve pipe has been left on appropriate location, and executable operations, and then can pumping cement job to remove or the cutting element at the sleeve bottom place that is shifted.

" chemical product injected system ", for chemical inhibitor being injected well to prevent dirty body, methane hydrate or other deposit buildup in the wellbore, this gathers can limit production.

" choke " is the device for retraining flow velocity.Well is generally tested in concrete choke size, and it can have the plate in the hole of designated diameter so simple by image-tape.When sandstone or proppant flow through choke, hole may be etched and choke size may change, thus makes flow-speed measurement inaccuracy.

" coaxially " refers to two or more objects and has substantially the same or along collinear axis." disalignment " refers to object to be had possibility and to depart from but substantially parallel or may additionally not along collinear axis.

" completion sliding sleeve " is mounted in the device in completion tubular column, and it optionally enables aperture opening and closing of fault according to the state of sleeve, thus allows pay interval be communicated with oil pipe or be not communicated with.In Long-Time Service, Successful Operation sliding sleeve depends on due to friction, wearing and tearing, deposition, corrodes and corrode the resistance to operating sleeve caused.

" complex geometric shapes " refers to the object substantially not comprising such as spherical, cylindricality or cubical single original geometry.Complex geometric shapes can comprise multiple simple geometric shape, such as has the cylindricality of many different radiis, cube or spherical, or can comprise simple original geometry and other complex geometric shapes.

" connecting pin " is screwed pipe piece on pipeline external surface.

" connecting sleeve " is screwed pipe piece on inner surface of pipeline.

" contact ring " is the device being attached the wall deviating from sleeve pipe or stratum with implementation tool with the parts of logging tool mutually.Such as, the joint that contact ring can be arranged on PUNCH GUN deviates from casing wall to realize rifle, such as, in the application of such as " Just-In-TimePerforating " (PCT application No.WO2002/103161A2).

" border on " that to refer to object adjacent one another are, make them can have common edge or face." do not border on " and refer to object owing to departing from each other or being shifted and not there is common edge or face.Such as, tool-joint is the cylinder barrel that diameter is larger, and it is not bordered on, this is because the less cylinder of diameter and drilling pipe are positioned between tool-joint.

" control pipeline " and " conduit " are minor diameter tubings, and it can extend in oil pipe column outside to provide hydraulic pressure, voltage or electric current or fiber path to one or more downhole device.Control pipeline for operating subsurface safety, choke and valve.Inject pipeline be similar to control pipeline and can be used for injecting specialty chemicals to suppress dirty body, pitch, paraffin or gas hydrate synthesis to shaft bottom valve, or for reducing friction.

" Corod ^tM" be the continuous flexible pipe fitting being used as sucker rod in bar pumping production operation.

" joiner " is the connection set between two pipe pieces, usually but be not exclusively be suitable for two longer that is bonded together by joiner single by engagement thread.Such as, joiner is for engaging two suction rod members in artificial lifting arm pumping equipment.

" cylinder " to be (1) by two parallel planes define and by being parallel to given planar movement and the curve following the tracks of to be defined by plane being positioned at perpendicular to or surface that the straight line of plane that favours given plane produces or entity, and/or (2) any column or parts, no matter be solid or hollow (source: www.dictionary.com).

" downhole tool " in retrieval mode stretches into well in usually, or be fixed on possibly in well, to perform the device of some function in the wellbore.Some downhole tool can be measured on (MWD) device in such as drilling well simultaneously run, and other downhole tool can be run on a steel cord, such as stratum logging tool or PUNCH GUN.Some instrument can run on wire rope or pipeline.Packet can run to arrange on pipeline or wire rope in the wellbore to block the downhole tool of flowing, and it can be removable or fixing.There is many downhole tool devices conventional in the industry.

" drill collar " is the double wall pipeline in downhole tool assembly near drill bit.The rigidity of drill collar contributes to drill bit and creeps into point-blank, and the weight of drill collar is used for applying weight to creep into forward to drill bit.

" drilling rod " is defined as the whole length of tubular pipeline, and comprise jar rod (if present), drilling pipe and drill collar, it forms drilling assemblies from the surface in hole to bottom.Drilling rod does not comprise drill bit.Add the concrete condition of cover while drilling well under, a part for drilling rod will be regarded as the sleeve pipe tubing string piercing earth formation.

" drill rod assemblies " is defined as the combination of drill string and bottomhole assembly or coiled tubing and bottomhole assembly.Drill rod assemblies does not comprise drill bit.

" drill string " is defined as pillars or is attached with the tubing string of drilling pipe of tool-joint, transition conduit between drill string and the bottomhole assembly comprising tool-joint, comprise the drilling pipe of the heavy amount of tool-joint and wear-resistant pad, it is transferred to drill collar and drill bit by from the fluid of top drive or jar rod and rotating power.In some reference, but not that term " drill string " comprises both the drill collars in drilling pipe and bottomhole assembly in the literature.

" elastomeric seal ", for providing the barrier be generally between two devices between metal, flows to opposite side from the side of Sealing to stop.Elastomeric seal is selected from the one in a class material flexible or springy.

" elbow, T-shaped pipe and joiner " is conventional pipe-line equipment, and object connects flowline to complete the stream of fluid, such as, well is connected to surface production facility.

" expandable pipe fitting " is the tubular article of such as sleeve pipe tubing string and lining, slightly below the mark when it runs in hole.Once in place, then the instrument that diameter is larger or built-up mandrel stressed along expandable pipe fitting, be deformed into larger diameter to make it.

" gas lifting " is the method by gas lifting valve, gas inject oil pipe column being increased flow of hydrocarbon in well.This technique is applied to oil well usually, but also can be applicable to the gas well producing large water gaging.The gas increased decreases the static pressure head of fluid column.

" glass fibre " usually extends to shaft bottom and turns back to surface, for characteristic at the bottom of measuring well, such as temperature and pressure in little control pipeline.Glass fibre can be used for providing continuous-reading with the meticulous spatial sampling along well.This fiber is controlled pipeline pumping, passes through " steering knuckle " and is pumped upwardly second to control in pipeline by along one usually.Some fiber optic devices can be limited by the friction of steering knuckle and resistance.

" inflow control device " (ICD) is the adjustable aperture across stratigraphic interval in completion tubular column, nozzle or flow channel, produces for realizing the flow velocity that fluid flows into well.This can combine with the additional measurement in " intelligence " completion system and automation and use.

" bumper jar " is for applying large axial load or the downhole tool of impact when operator triggers.Some bumper jar starts by putting down balancing weight, and other bumper jar starts when being pulled upward.Usually the startup of bumper jar is carried out with the pipeline blocked in mobile well.

" jar rod " is through the flat sides polygonal shape tubes part on the rig floor on the drill platform being equipped with old-fashioned rotating platform equipment.Moment of torsion be applied to this four, six or octahedral pipe piece be rotated in below connect drilling pipe.

" logging tool " is mobile to carry out the instrument measured in well; Such as, drilling rod creeps into or on a steel cord unlatching or add in trepanning creep into period measure.This apparatus installation is being configured to stretch in a series of brackets in well, and such as cylindrical device, it provides the environment of instrument to isolate.

" assembling " be the pin and sleeve of assembling pipe joint is tightened in together with the knot realizing two pipe pieces be incorporated in pipeline inside and outside between form the process of sealing.

" axle " is assemblied in cylindrical rod in outer shell or axle.Axle can be the main actuator in packet, and it makes grip unit or " slips " outwards mobile to contact sleeve pipe.Term axle also can refer to along expandable pipe fitting stressed to make it be deformed into larger-diameter instrument.Axle is the general term used in the field devices of several types.

Sandstone controls " wire netting " of screen cloth and comprises the braided metal long filament customizing size according to the stratum sandstone domain size distribution of correspondence and separate.Screen material is corrosion resisting alloy (CRA) or carbon steel normally.

" Mazeflo ^tM" completion screen cloth controls with the sandstone of redundancy and stop the sandstone screen cloth of compartment.Mazeflo ^tMany mechanical failure of screen cloth is relieved to automatically the compartment labyrinth of local, allows the continuous hydrocarbon stream by the section of damage simultaneously.Flow path is departed from, and makes flow divert to redistribute the amount of flow (such as, with reference to U.S. Patent No. 7,464,752) of inflow.

" Moyno ^tMpump " and " progressive cavity pump " be mounted in long cylindrical pump in downhole motor, this motor generates rotation torque when fluid flows between outer stator and the rotor being attached to axle in axle.A usual lug more than rotor on stator, the power thus flowing to the fluid of drill bit forces rotor turns.These motors are installed near drill bit usually.Selectively, in the pumping installations of shaft bottom, can apply power with rotary rotor and thus pumping fluid.

" packet " is the instrument that can be placed in well on work string, coiled tubing, flow string or wire rope.Packet provides the hydrodynamic pressure in the region above and below packet to isolate.Must be durable and except the hydraulic seal of bearing harsh environmental conditions except providing, the axial load that packet also must be resisted the fluid pressure differential above and below due to packet and cause.

" packet locking mechanism ", for operating packet, moving axially of the pipeline be connected thereto by packet to make packet is discharged and engages slips.When engaged, slips is by outwards stressed and enter casing wall, and then the tooth of slips is pressed into shell material energetically.Wire rope packet runs with the packet place tool engaging slips by pulling axle, and after this packet place tool is separated with packet and gets back to surface.

" MP35N " is the metal alloy mainly comprising nickel, cobalt, chromium and molybdenum.MP35N is considered to have highly corrosion resistant and is suitable for severe downhole environment.

" paraffin " is the wax composition of some crude oil hydrocarbon, and it can be deposited on the wall of well and flowline, and thus causes flow constraint.

" pin connect downwards " is standard well structure at present, is wherein assembling period, and cover link is kept by slips in surface, and sells link and face down.

" pin upwards connect " is that drilling tool assembly is oriented to and pin link is remained in surface in slips realize connecting simultaneously, instead of wherein overlaps the standard construction that link keeps by slips.This re-constructs the change of the hand of spiral that or can not need link, i.e. left-handed thread or right-handed thread.

" piston " and " piston bushing " fluid is displaced to the cylinder of outlet from entrance in order to be raised by corresponding hydrodynamic pressure in pump.Lining is piston reciprocating sleeve within it.These piston type are similar to the piston existed in motor car engine.

" Plunger Lift device " is that oil pipe column is moved up and down with the device from oil pipe emptied of water (being similar to pipeline " pigging " operation).When Plunger Lift device is in bottom oil pipe, pipe cleaning device is configured to blocking fluid stream, and therefore by the hydrodynamic pressure from below in hole upwardly it.When Plunger Lift device moves up in well, it is separated owing to not allowing water and flows through Plunger Lift device and water is shifted.At oil pipe top, device trigger plunger lift device structure change make its present bypass flow, thus gravity overcome a fluid stream upwards and pull down in oil pipe dynamic it.Friction and wear is the important parameter of Plunger Lift device operation.Friction reduces the speed that Plunger Lift device falls or rises, and the wearing and tearing of outer surface provide gap, and this gap reduces effective force when device moves up in hole.

" process units " is the term of broad sense, and it is defined as comprising with drilling well, completion, oil recovery, the well workover of oil and/or gas well or produces relevant any device.Process units comprises any device for production of hydrocarbons object described herein.For ease of determining term, produce being defined as in fluid injection wells with negative velocity.Thus, will comprise " injection " quoting of word " production ", unless otherwise indicated.

" reciprocating black box " is the Sealing being designed to maintain when two device axial displacement pressure isolation.

" rock bit " is equipped with usual three conical cutting elements to form the soil auger aperture apparatus in hole in soil.

" black box of rotation " is the Sealing being designed to maintain when two device rotation displacements pressure isolation.

" sandstone probe " inserts in a fluid stream in order to evaluate the midget plant of the gravel content in a fluid stream.If gravel content is high, then sandstone probe may be etched.

" dirty body " is may gather and cause mineral (such as, the calcium carbonate) sediments of flow constraint on tube wall and other mobile units.

" maintenance tool " for gravel pack operation comprise packet crossover tool and jet pipe, in order to get back to anchor ring circulate along work string, around lining and jet pipe.This allows and relatively places drilling fluid with stratigraphic interval.More generally, gravel pack maintenance tool is one group of instrument, and gravel pack screen cloth is transported to TD, arrangement test packet by it, and controls the flow path of the fluid in gravel pack operation period pumping.The Sealing that this maintenance tool comprises placing tool, crossover sub and is sealed in packet aperture.This maintenance tool can comprise anti-wiping device and flow losses or selector valve.

" shock-absorbing connection " is the spring-like member with absorbing vibration, in order to provide the modified drill collar moved to axial between the two ends of bumper jar.Shock-absorbing connection is sometimes for creeping into the very hard stratum that may occur high axial vibrations level.

" ram's horns " controls to extend to shunt gravel pack drilling liquid flow until realize the outer tube of complete gravel pack or interior pipe in screen cloth on the well completion interval of long or multizone at sandstone.See such as U.S. Patent No. 4,945,991,5,113,935 and PCT patent disclosure WO2007/092082, WO2007/092083, WO2007/126496 and WO2008/060479.

" side pocket " is the biased thick walled joints in oil pipe, for laying gas lifting valve, temperature and pressure probe, injecting line valve etc.

" sleeve " is designed to be assemblied in the tubular part on another parts.The internal surface of sleeve and outer surface can be circular or non-circular cross-sectional profiles.Internal surface and outer surface can have different geometrical shapies usually, that is: outer surface can be columniform, has circular cross section, and internal surface can have oval or other non-circular cross section.Selectively, outer surface can be oval and internal surface is circular, or other combination a certain.More generally, sleeve can be considered to the hollow cylinder of broad sense, and has the cross-sectional profiles of one or more radius or change along the axial length of cylinder.

" sliding contact " refers to the rubbing contact between two bodies carrying out relative movement, and whether no matter separated by fluid or solid, the latter comprises the particle (bentonite, glass bead etc.) in fluid or is designed to produce rolling with the device alleviating friction.A part of carrying out the contact surface of two bodies of relative movement always will be in sliding mode and therefore slide.

" smart well " is equipped with device, instrument and controller to realize from specifying interval optionally flow the production of the fluid maximizing hope and minimize the well of the production of undesirable fluid.Can regulate flow velocity for other reasons, such as geomechanics reason, controlling groundwater level declines or pressure difference.

" process of recovering the oil " pipeline is for pumping equipment is connected to well head to carry out the pipeline processed that recovers the oil.

" subsurface safety " is mounted in cut off the valve of flowing in oil pipe, in offshore operation, is normally arranged on below sea bed.Sometimes these valves are set to when speed exceedes setting value, such as, automatically close when ground place loses leak tightness.

" sucker rod " is the steel shank be connected with the sucker rod pump being positioned at shaft bottom by the beam type pumping unit being positioned at surface.These bars can connect with joint and be threaded or they can be the continuous lever being similar to coiled tubing and carrying out handling.When described bar pumps, there is friction and wear in the contact position place between bar and oil pipe.

" surperficial flowline " is for well head being connected to production facility or being selectively used for discharging the fluid in the pipeline of cheating hole or waste gas burning pylon.

" screw connection " also realizes the device of liquid packing by the staggered screw thread of band or the mechanical interference between processing (such as, metal to metal seal part) parts for connecting tube section.To rotate relative to another device by making a device and assemble or assemble and be threaded.Two pipe pieces can be suitable for directly being threaded togather.Maybe by being called that the connector component of joiner is screwed on a pipeline, next second pipe can be screwed in joiner.

" tool-joint " is the tapered thread linkage member of the pipeline be usually made up of special steel alloy, and wherein pin and sleeve link (being respectively outside thread and internal thread) is fixed to the either end of pipeline.Tool-joint is commonly used on drilling pipe, but also can be used on work string and other OCTG, and they can be friction welded to the end of pipeline.

" top-driving " is for being attached to from being positioned at making on cable car the method and apparatus that drive system that the track on drilling derrick moves up and down rotates drilling pipe.Top-driving is the method for optimizing of operation drilling pipe, this is because its be conducive to pipeline while rotation and the circulation of to-and-fro motion and drilling fluid.In directional drilling operation, the risk adhering to pipeline when using top drive is usually lower.

" oil pipe " to be arranged in well inside sleeve pipe with the pipeline allowing fluid to flow to ground.

" valve " is the device for controlling the flow velocity in flowline.There is multiple control valve unit, comprise safety check, gate valve, stop valve, ball valve, needle-valve and connector valve.Valve can manual, long-range or automatic operation, or is the combination of these modes of operation.The performance of valve depends on the sealing of setting up between the mechanical device of close fit to a great extent.

" valve seat " be when valve operation in case when valve is crossed in fluid stopping dynamic sealing against static surface.Such as, the baffle plate of subsurface safety will seal when it is closed on valve seat.

" flushing pipe " in sandstone control operation is the pipeline that the diameter that extends inside base tube is less after screen cloth is placed in the position crossing over stratigraphic interval.Flushing pipe, for promoting the annular mud flowing across whole well completion interval, refluxes, and leave gravel pack in screen cloth-well anchor ring during gravel pack process.

" packing ring " is generally for Leakage prevention, distribution pressure or the flat ring that makes joint fastening, as under nut or bolt head, perhaps in being threaded of another parts such as valve.Packing ring can be considered to the rotten form of sleeve, and wherein diameter dimension is greater than axial dimension.

" wire rope " is the cable for running tool and device in the wellbore.Wire rope generally includes many less stock bundles twisted together, but also there is monofilament wire rope, or " smooth silk ".Wire rope is usually deployed in and is arranged on well logging truck or slides on unit on large-scale drum.

" work string " is the engaged pipe piece such as running logging tool for performing wellbore operations, pulling material or execution cement job from well out.

(note a: part defined above from " petroleum industry voluminous dictionary (ADictionaryforthePetroleumIndustry) ", the third edition, Jane Austen University of Texas, oil expansion department, calendar year 2001)

Embodiment

The value of all numerical value represented by " approximately " or " being similar to " in detailed description herein and claims is modified and considers the test error that those of ordinary skill in the art expect and change.

The equipment that re-constructs is to utilize sleeve to be conducive to using this low friction techniques at the point of contact place of specified position such as between two or more bodies.Ferrule element uses coating provide can easily to put into manufacturing installation or room to apply the small parts of this coating, there is the Economy of improvement.Removable sleeve can more easily utilize small parts to change in the environment of the execute-in-place carried out, and these small parts can easily move between manufacturing works and field position.And consider for metallurgy, the coatings and substrate material of wider selection can be used for these devices of the principal stress component that may not be production of hydrocarbons operation system.The coating applied at elevated temperatures will cause extra manufacture complexity, this is because such operation adversely may affect the heat treatment of this material.

In addition and selectively, the design structure of bottom equipment can be modified, with sleeve easy to use.Such as, the orientation of the tool-joint of drill string or work string is optionally changed, and makes outside thread pin link instead of inner screw sheath link remain on surface during tool-joint attended operation.This re-constructs the use being conducive to sleeve, falls earthward this is because sleeve can not decline along hole when maybe disconnecting during the trip operation being connected to pipe.Utilize this design, do not need as U.S. Patent No. 7,028,788(" WearSleeve ") in the tightening of ferrule element specifically noted.

In a kind of mode of execution of the present disclosure, the axis of ferrule element can be substantially parallel to the axis of its close cylinder.Ferrule element can in one or more degrees of freedom be freely or ferrule element can utilize suitable attachment means or geometry device and fix relative to nearside object (cylinder or body), to provide constraint.Usually, ferrule element will be restricted to and at least move coaxially with nearside object, but ferrule element can be limited or rotate freely in rotation.Interface place between sleeve and nearside object uses oval or non-circular cross sections will to be one of multiple possible device of rotating with nearside object of restriction sleeve.And ferrule element can according to the concrete property of band sleeve production of hydrocarbons device and use in the inner side of nearside object or outside.

Sleeve can by any loading material, the steel (stainless steel of carbon steel, alloyed steel and any type) of such as metal, alloy, pottery, ceramet, polymer, any type, makes based on the hard metal of WC and any combination of the above material.Bush material can be subject to local, side load, but be not usually subject to the usually larger axial load that experienced by its close body.Thus, bush material and geometrical construction are not subject to the restriction of intensity and toughness reguirements compared with body.This allow based on but the condition of the type and treatment temperature thereof that are not limited to such as coating come for sleeve selection material.

In the scope of the present disclosure, be feasible to similar the re-constructing of other production of hydrocarbons device, thus the sleeve being coated with approved material easy to use.

Disclosed herein is band sleeve Oil/gas Well generating apparatus and the manufacture through applying and utilize this through the method for the band sleeve means of coating.Coating described herein provides the obvious improvement in performance of various Oil/gas Well device disclosed herein and operation.Fig. 1 illustrates overall Oil/gas Well production system, for this Oil/gas Well production system, applies to some band sleeve process units described herein the performance that coating can provide the improvement of these devices.Figure 1A is the schematic diagram of the rig 10 based on land.Figure 1B is through sandstone 12, shale 14 and water 16 and directionally pierces the schematic diagram of the rig 10 in oil field 18.Fig. 1 C and 1D is the schematic diagram of producing well 20 and Injection Well 22.Fig. 1 E is the schematic diagram of PUNCH GUN 24.Fig. 1 F is the schematic diagram of gravel pack 26 and screen cloth lining 28.When not losing generality, may be preferred for different coating of the present invention different well process units, and may be suitable for dissimilar sleeve different well process units.The extensive overview of production operation shows the on-the-spot scope applied of possibility that the band sleeve means through applying is alleviated to friction, wearing and tearing, erosion, corrosion and deposits on the whole.

The method of this band of coating disclosed herein sleeve means comprises: apply suitable coating to by being subject to friction, wearing and tearing, burn into erosion and/or the inner sleeve surface deposited, outer sleeve surface or its part combined.To exposing of sleeve surface with another solid contact or the applying coating at least partially that contacts with fluid stream therein, wherein: the friction factor of coating is less than or equal to 0.15; The hardness of coating is greater than 400VHN; Wear resistance through the band sleeve means of coating is at least 3 times of the wear resistance of the device of uncoated; And/or the surface energy of coating is less than 1J/m ².Exist from disclosed coating select suitable coating and the suitable ferrule element being designed for embody rule with the skill of the technology and economic advantages that maximize this technology.

On August 18th, 2009 submit to U.S. Patent application No.12/583,292 disclose be used in oil/gas drilling application in drill rod assemblies on use ultra-low friction coating, this application is incorporated on the whole by reference at this.The U.S. Patent application No.12/583 that on August 18th, 2009 submits to, 302 disclose use coating on Oil/gas Well process units, and this application is incorporated on the whole by reference at this.

Drill rod assemblies is an example of the process units of the use that can have benefited from coating.The geometrical shape of the drill rod assemblies of operation is an example of the class application comprising cylindrical body.In the situation of drilling rod, actual drill rod assemblies is and sleeve pipe or open-hole, the inner cylinder of outer cylindrical body sliding contact.These devices can have a vicissitudinous radius and selectively can be described to comprise multiple cylinders of bordering on of varied radius.As described below, in Oil/gas Well production operation, there are other situations several of cylindrical body, or the sliding contact or keep static after contact with fluid stream therein due to relative movement.By the relevant issues considering to solve, by assess the contact that will solve or flow field problem to alleviate friction, wearing and tearing, burn into corrode or deposition and by considering advisably how constructed by sleeve design apparatus for converting and in order to maximum utilization and interests, this coating be applied to these ferrule element to realize the favourable band sleeve production of hydrocarbons device through applying, coating of the present invention can be advantageously used in these apply in each.

There are many examples of Oil/gas Well process units, it provides the chance of the useful use of the band sleeve means through coating, as described in background parts, comprising: low friction when having to initially install and the static band sleeve means of band ferrule element applied in order to deposition on outer surface or internal surface of wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant and resistant to corrosion and opposing; And band sleeve bearing, axle bush and other geometrical construction, wherein ferrule element is coated, corrodes and corrode for minimizing friction and wear and opposing.

In often kind of situation, all may exist and use the band sleeve means through coating to reduce friction, wearing and tearing, the mainspring of burn into erosion and deposition and secondary motivation.Same apparatus can comprise the more than one ferrule element of different coating having and apply for solving different coating design aspect, these aspects comprise to solve problem, the available technology of coating and the Economy relevant to often kind of types of coatings are applied to ferrule element.Many balances and the compromise of the selection controlling ferrule element final design and coating to be applied may be there is.

the use of band sleeve means and the general introduction of associated benefits through coating:

From in well preparation and the operation of wide range needed during producing the various stages of hydrocarbon and equipment, have the multiple prototype application occurred in various environment.These application can be counted as flowing with the various geometrical construction of the body of solid objects surface sliding Mechanical Contact with the fluid of solid objects surface interaction.The design of these parts can be suitable for being incorporated to ferrule element through coating to reduce friction, wearing and tearing, erosion, corrode and deposit.In this sense, each parts become " the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating ".List multiple concrete geometrical construction and exemplary application below, but it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that wide range through coating band sleeve means application and this enumerates the scope not limiting the inventive method disclosed herein.

a. the band sleeve cylindrical body through coating of sliding contact is caused due to relative movement:

In whole production operation in ubiquitous application, two cylindrical body contacts, and move relative to another body along with a body and friction and wear occurs.Body can comprise multiple cylindrical portion of placing with bordering on different radiuses, and cylinder can coaxially or disalignment ground place.Ferrule element is placed at the point of contact place that part design can be suitable between two cylindrical body.This ferrule element can in inner sleeve surface, outer sleeve surface or its a certain combination go up at least partially coated, to reduce contact friction and wearing and tearing valuably.Ferrule element is optionally removable and as required and when application of installation is suitable, can carry out subsequently safeguarding or changing.

Such as, the ferrule element of the tool-joint of drilling pipe or work post is designed for and to apply this ferrule element can be the effective mode utilizing coating to reduce the contact friction between drilling rod and sleeve pipe or open-hole.For sleeve pipe, oil pipe and sucker rod tubing string, pipe connector is the ferrule element of the coating can with the part being applied to internal surface or exterior surface area or its combination.In another application, the artificial lift device of plug type, it may be useful for making this instrument be suitable for having one or more ferrule element through coating following: this ferrule element comprises the maximum outside diameter of device, to reduce owing to contacting the wearing and tearing and friction that cause with oil pipe column.

the exemplary lists of this application is as follows:

Drilling pipe can be picked up or be loosened, thus causes longitudinal movement and can rotate in sleeve pipe or open-hole.Frictional force and device wearing and tearing increase with well inclined degree, increase with local hole curvature and increase with contact load increase.These Friction loads cause the obvious boring torque that must be overcome by rig and drill string device (see Fig. 2) and drag effect.Fig. 2 A illustrates the deflection occurred in the drill string component 30 in directional well or horizontal well.Fig. 2 B has the drilling pipe 32 of threaded connector 35 and the schematic diagram of tool-joint 34.The ferrule element 33 through coating at pin link place shown in this figure.Fig. 2 C is the schematic diagram of drill bit and bottomhole assembly 36.Fig. 2 D is the schematic diagram of sleeve pipe 38 and tool-joint 39, is presented at the contact occurred between two cylindrical body.The reduction friction coatings being applied to ferrule element disclosed herein can be used for along with the friction and wear of tool-joint 39 between sleeve pipe 38 inward turning then reduction two parts, also reduces the moment of torsion in order to drill through needed for lateral well and turning tool joint 39.

Bottomhole assembly (BHA) device to be positioned at below the drilling pipe in drill rod assemblies and may to stand similar friction and wear, and thus coating disclosed herein can provide the minimizing (see Fig. 3) of these mechanical problems.Especially, the coating of the BHA of being applied to device disclosed herein can reduce with the friction and wear at open-hole point of contact place and extend tool life.The low-surface-energy of coating disclosed herein also can suppress the adhesion of formation cuttings and instrument, and can extend corrosion and corrode limit.It also can reduce the different trend adhered to.Fig. 3 A is the schematic diagram of the milling cutter 40 used in bottomhole assembly apparatus.Fig. 3 B is the schematic diagram of the drill bit 41 and reamer device 42 used in bottomhole assembly apparatus.Fig. 3 C is the schematic diagram of the reamer 44 used in bottomhole assembly apparatus.The ferrule element 43 through coating shown in this figure.Fig. 3 D is the schematic diagram of the stabilizer 46 used in bottomhole assembly apparatus.Fig. 3 E is the schematic diagram of the joint 48 used in bottomhole assembly apparatus.

Drill string is at sea risers operate within systems and can cause the wearing and tearing to standpipe due to drill-well operation.The vibration of the standpipe caused due to ocean current slows down by coating and marine growth can be suppressed to occur, thus reduces further and relevant with the stream flowed drag effect.With reference to figure 4, the coating that uses on riser tube outside 50 disclosed herein can be used for reducing the friction because ocean current causes and vibration.In addition, disclosed hereinly on band sleeve inner axle bush 52 and on other contact position can protected by the band sleeve means through coating, coating is used to can be used for reducing friction and wear.Through coating ferrule element 53 can be suitable for standpipe connect and shown in this figure.

Plunger Lift device removes water by running up and down in oil pipe column from well.Plunger Lift device external diameter and pipe aperture can frayed impact and the efficiency of Plunger Lift device reduce with wearing and tearing and contact friction.Reduce friction will increase the operation of Plunger Lift device maximum admissible deviation and increase this technology can application area.The wearing and tearing of oil pipe and Plunger Lift device are made to reduce the time lag that will increase between required maintenance.From operation viewpoint, the wearing and tearing reducing pipe aperture highly wish.And the internal surface of coating Plunger Lift device may be useful.Ferrule element through coating can be incorporated into the outside of Plunger Lift device instrument, and wherein the external diameter of ferrule element is deducted a certain tolerance by no better than device by the internal diameter operating the oil pipe at place, slides in oil pipe column to allow plunger.According to Plunger Lift apparatus design, these ferrule element will carry out at the scene changing and make instrument recover to use.Selectively, the whole surface area of Plunger Lift device can be coated to reduce friction and wear.In bypass condition, if flow resistance is reduced by the coating in tool interior, then fluid will flow more easily through instrument, and permission instrument declines sooner.

Completion sliding sleeve can axially move, such as, by impacting coiled tubing to make cylindrical sleeve relative to being shifted up or down for the tool body of cylindricality.These sleeves due to from earth formation material and dirty body and the sedimental destruction gathered to friction, wearing and tearing, corrode, corrosion and to adhere to be responsive.To contribute to guaranteeing that sliding sleeve device can not adhere to when sliding sleeve device needs mobile coated with allowing to move in these sliding sleeve systems to some part of ferrule element.

Sucker rod and Corod ^tMpipe fitting uses in pumping unit, and in order to oil pump to be delivered to the surface in low pressure well, and it also can be used for water pump to go out gas well.Friction and wear moves relative to oil pipe column along with bar and recurs.The reduction of friction can make it possible to select less pumping unit and the power demand reduced for well pumping operation (see Fig. 5).With reference to figure 5A, sleeve through coating disclosed herein can use at the contact position place of bar pumping installations, include but not limited to as the band sleeve means be attached with sucker rod 62 phase sucker rod joiner, sucker rod guide 60, sucker rod 62, tubing packer 64, shaft bottom pump 66 and bore a hole 68.With reference to figure 5B, coating disclosed herein can use on polished rod clamp 70 and polished rod 72, in order to provide the surface of smooth durable and good sealing.Ferrule element 71 through coating is shown as and is positioned at sucker rod sealing place, seals in order to provide low frictional interference.Fig. 5 C is the schematic diagram of sucker rod 62, and wherein coating disclosed herein can be used for preventing friction and wear and is used on threaded connector 74.The form that sucker rod joiner 73 can be used as ferrule element is coated on the right side of himself, or it can be applicable to using together with the sleeve of outer application, and to provide the low friction durable surface contacted with oil pipe column, it is to-and-fro motion in oil pipe column.

The pump of the drilling fluid on rig and for well oil extraction activity in recover the oil the piston in the pump of fluid and/or the band sleeve means in piston bushing can be coated to reduce friction and wear, make it possible to improve pump performance and extension fixture life-span.Because use certain equipment to carry out pumping acid, so corrosion to these devices and erosion damage also can be reduced through the sleeve bushing of coating.

Expandable pipe fitting extends usually in hole, utilize suspension assembly support and expand by making axle travel across pipeline subsequently.The surface of coating axle can greatly reduce axle load, and allows expandable pipe fitting to apply under the slant well larger than other possible case or larger expansion ratio.Axle can be set to the band sleeve means had in the position of the highest contact stress through coating.If removable, then realization longer mandrel tool life-span and possible scene are remedied through the sleeve of coating by these.The speed of expansive working and efficiency reduce by significantly rubbing and are improved.Axle be tapered cylinders and can be believed to comprise varied radius border on cylinder; Selectively, conical mandrel can be considered to have complex geometric shapes.

In order to the benefit that flow resistance and corrosion/erosion reduce, control pipeline and conduit can be coated in inside.Glass fiber can be pumped down in the conduit and steering knuckle of coating under the resistance reduced.

The instrument operated in the wellbore is generally cylindrical body or comprises the body of bordering on cylinder with varied radius, and described body operates in sleeve pipe, oil pipe and open-hole on wire rope or rigid conduit.Surface friction drag increases along with well inclination or local hole curvature increases and increases, and makes the operation of this instrument be insecure on a steel cord.The band sleeve means through coating at contact surface place can make this instrument under larger inclination on a steel cord reliably operation or reduce utilize coiled tubing, tractor or downwards pumping installations to promote the power of instrument downwards along horizontal well.The list of this instrument includes but not limited to: logging tool, PUNCH GUN and packet (see Fig. 6).With reference to figure 6A, coating disclosed herein can use on the outer surface of calliper logging tool 80, to reduce the friction and wear with open-hole 82 or sleeve pipe (not shown).The parts 83 with maximum diameter can add sleeve with low-friction coating sleeve, run with less resistance and wearing and tearing to enable instrument in hole.With reference to figure 6B, coating disclosed herein can use in the tyre sleeve surface 85 of acoustic logging prober 84, includes but not limited to sender unit 86 and signal receiver 88, to reduce and sleeve pipe 90 or the friction and wear in open-hole.With reference to figure 6C and 6D, coating disclosed herein can use, to reduce the friction and wear with open-hole on the sleeve 95 of the band sleeve surface 93 of the outer coating of packer tool 92 and PUNCH GUN 94.The low-surface-energy of coating will stop the adhesion on stratum and instrument, and also can expand corrosion and corrode limit.

Wire rope is the elongate cylindrical body operated in sleeve pipe, oil pipe and open-hole.In more detail, every personal share is all cylinder, and stranded stock is the bundle that out-of-alignment cylinder is formed, and it forms effective cylinder of wire rope jointly.There is frictional force and therefore utilize low-friction coating coating wire rope to be operated by the friction and wear making it possible to reduce in the contact position place between wire rope and open-hole.Kernmantle, multicore conduit, single core conduit and piano wire all can advantageously be coated with low-friction coating (see Fig. 7).With reference to figure 7A, coating disclosed herein is applied to wire rope 100 by being applied to rope 102, each personal share 104 of rope or the bundle 106 of stock.The pulley type device 108 that Fig. 7 B sees can be used for running the logging tool be transported to by wire rope 100 in sleeve pipe, oil pipe and open-hole.Pulley gear advantageously can use the sleeve through coating in the region of the pulley and bearing that stand load and wearing and tearing due to friction.

The casing stabbing board of downhole tool and contact ring are band sleeve means, and it can be coated, to reduce to place these devices in the wellbore and particularly with the surface friction drag that higher well angle of inclination provides shaft bottom to move.

b. the static cylindrical body through coating is mainly:

Exist be used for cylindrical body (such as, the pipe of pipe or remodeling) outside, inside or the diversified application of band sleeve part through coating of both, be mainly used in that opposing is corroded, corrosion and wearing and tearing, but also for reducing the friction of fluid stream.Cylindrical body can be coaxial, that border on, out-of-alignment, do not border on or above-mentioned any combination, and its middle sleeve is arranged in relatively for the internal surface of cylindrical body or the proximal position of outer surface.In such applications, the band sleeve cylindrical device through coating can be static substantially within the long time period, but the secondary benefits of the sleeve perhaps through applying or application reduce Friction load when installing process units.

the exemplary of this application is listed below:

Perforated basepipe, fluting base tube or for sandstone control screen cloth base tube usually completion and recover the oil process (such as gravel pack or pressure break packing process) period and during well productive life through weathering and corrosion failure.Such as, the coating utilizing the inventive method to obtain will be provided for the larger internal diameter flowed and reduce flow pressure drop relative to thicker plastic coating.In another example, the fluid that corrosion produces also may be passed and causes material unaccounted-for (MUF) by erosion material in time.And the stratigraphic interval of high yield can provide enough high so that cause the liquid speed of erosion.These fluids also may carry solid particle, the particulate being such as tending towards completion system was lost efficacy or stratum sandstone.The sediments of pitch, paraffin, dirty body and hydrate also may be formed on the completion equipment of such as base tube.Coating by reduce friction, wearing and tearing, burn into erosion and deposition effect benefit is in these cases provided.(see Fig. 8) has disclosed some coating for screen cloth application in U.S. Patent No. 6,742,586B2.In this application, the use of the band sleeve means through applying facilitates the installation of sand control devices owing to reducing friction and wear.Band sleeve means through coating also can be used as " blast joint ", and wherein higher sandstone and proppant particles speed can expect the working life of reducing sandstone sieve net materials.

The cleaning hose used in gravel pack operation, ram's horns and maintenance tool can inner, outside or both apply, to reduce to corrode and flow resistance.Have gravel pack for the fluid being entrained with solid be pumped across these devices by with high speed.Specific location in these instruments can use with sleeve means, can not weather due to sandstone and proppant flow with the main body of protective gear.

Blast joint can be advantageously coated, has larger repellence with the erosion caused the high velocity impact by fluid and solid.Band sleeve means through coating can advantageously use in the specific location of blast joint, can expect to have maximum wear-resisting destruction amount in this specific location.

In order to reduce friction and opposing corrosion and corrode, thin wire netting can be applied.Coating procedure can before braiding or before collecting net after weaving or both or be applied to each cylindricality stock in combination.Screen cloth can be believed to comprise many cylinders.Rope strand can be pulled through applicator, to realize applying coating at the whole surface area of rope.Coatings applications includes but not limited to: be arranged in sandstone screen cloth, the Mazeflo in well completion interval ^tMcompletion screen cloth, sintered screen, wire are wound around screen cloth, for the shake screen cloth of solid control and other screen cloth as Oil/gas Well process units.Coating can be applied to filter medium, screen cloth base tube or both at least partially.(see Fig. 8) Fig. 8 illustrates the exemplary application of coating disclosed herein on screen cloth and base tube.Especially, coating disclosed herein can be applied to the slotted liner of screen cloth 110 and base tube 112 as shown in Figure 8A and 8B, to prevent burn into erosion and deposition thereon.The ferrule element 111 that the detailed recent photograph of Fig. 8 A shows through coating is outside at screen cloth, slides with the surface friction drag reduced to allow it in shaft bottom.Coating disclosed herein also can be applied to the screen cloth in the mud vibrating screen 114 of solids control equipment as shown in Figure 8 C.Band sleeve means through coating can variously use together with these above-mentioned devices, to reduce friction during installation in well contacting point and to reduce at the erosion damage recovered the oil and production period causes due to sandstone and proppant flow in the specific location that sleeve is applied.

Band sleeve means through coating can reduce material hardness demand and alleviate corrosion and the corrosive effect of some device and parts, makes it possible to the lower material of user cost as stellite, carbide, MP35N, high alloy material and the alternative of other expensive material selected based on this object.

c. plate, dish and complex geometric shapes:

There is many can application to the non-columnar device of such as plate and dish or to the band sleeve means through coating that more complicated geometrical shape is considered.An exemplary application of coiling this geometrical shape is can in one or both sides coated with the washer arrangement reduced in the friction of device operation period.The benefit of coating can be come from the minimizing of the sliding contact friction and wear caused relative to the relative movement of other device or from the minimizing of the interactional burn into erosion and deposition with fluid stream, or may be realized by the combination of both in many cases.These application can benefit from the use of coating as described below.

the exemplary lists of this type of application is as follows:

Choke, valve, valve seat, Sealing, ball valve, inflow control device, smart well valve and annular isolation valve can use parts such as sleeve and packing ring through coating valuably, to reduce erosion that sediments causes, corrosion and destruction.Many devices in these devices are used in wellhead equipment (see Fig. 9 and 10).Especially, with reference to figure 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D and 9E, valve 113, preventer 115, well head 114, lower kelly cock 116 and gas lifting valve 118 can use the sleeve through coating and packing ring 117 with coating disclosed herein, to provide in high-speed component the repellence rubbed, corrode and corrode, and these smooth surfaces through the device of coating provide the sealability of enhancing.In fig. 9e, the sleeve 119 through coating can be used for making gas lift device easily enter side pocket and correctly seal.In addition, with reference to figure 10A, 10B and 10C, choke 120, orifice meter 122 and turbine flowmeter 124 can have the sleeve through coating and packing ring 123 that use and have coating disclosed herein, to provide friction, to corrode and the flow controller of further opposing of corrosion and other parts (such as, impeller and rotor).By using identical or different coating to reduce friction and wear in the different piece of process units, other surface area of same process units can be subject to the protection of sleeve through coating and packing ring.

Seat, oil nozzle, valve, side pocket, axle, packer slip, packet locking plate etc. can use the sleeve through coating and washer arrangement with low-friction coating valuably.

Subsurface safety is used for controlling flowing when likely losing surperficial leak tightness.These valves usually are used in offshore well, with increase operation integrity and usually by regulation required by.The reliability of subsurface safety and the improvement of validity provide remarkable benefit to operation integrity and can avoid expensive work-over operation when valve test fault.In the control valve unit of movement, the sealability of enhancing, may to be highly profitable due to these reasons to the repellence of burn into erosion and deposition and the friction and wear of minimizing.In subsurface safety, using the sleeve through applying and packing ring by the operability improving them and obtaining above-mentioned benefit.

Gas lifting and chemical product injection valve are usually used in oil pipe column, and to realize the injection of fluid, and the coating layer portion of these devices will improve their performance.Use gas lifting to reduce static pressure head and increase the flowing carrying out artesian well, and such as injecting chemical product to suppress the formation that can hinder the hydrate of flowing or dirty body in well.In gas lifting and chemical product injection valve, using the sleeve through applying and packing ring by the operability improving them and obtaining above-mentioned benefit.

Elbow, T-shaped pipe and joiner can in internal coat to reduce fluid friction and prevent dirty body and sedimentally to gather.In such applications, the band sleeve means through coating can be used on the high particular locations corroded, and is such as used in curved part, transition joint, T-shaped pipe and the fluid chemical field of entrained solids and other region of wall impact.

The ball bearing of rotating equipment, sleeve bearing and shaft bearing can be applied, to provide low friction and wear resistance, and realize the bearing means longer life-span.

Wear-resisting axle bush can utilize the band sleeve means through coating, is used for reducing friction and wear for improving operability.

The sleeve through coating in dynamic metal-metal seal can be used to strengthen or replace the elastomer back and forth and/or in rotating seal component.

Moyno ^tMthe blade rotor rotated in fixed stator is included in progressive cavity pump.The band sleeve means through coating in these parts will realize the operation improved and increase pump efficiency and durability.

Impeller in the pumping unit rotated and stator can comprise the band sleeve means through coating, so that opposing is corroded and wearing and tearing, and realize durability when there is fine solid in a fluid stream.This application comprises submersible pump.

Strengthened the effective force of these devices by the blocking preventing centrifuge from discharging for the band sleeve means through coating of drilling fluid solid control in centrifugal device.The working life of centrifuge extends by the erosion resisting provided by the ferrule element through coating.

Spring in coated instrument can have the contact friction of reduction and long reliability in working life.Example comprises safety valve, gas lifting valve, shock-absorbing connection and bumper jar.

Logging tool device can utilize the band sleeve means through coating, in order to improve the operation comprising and arm, corer, fluid sampling bottle and other device section to be deployed in well.If applying coating, then to stretch out and the device be then retracted in instrument can be not easy more due to friction and solid deposits and blocking from instrument.

Include but not limited to that the marine salvage equipment of washover pipe road, grapple and slip socket can use the sleeve through coating valuably, to be conducive to locking in well or remove separating component or " salvaging " of equipment from well.Low friction in slip socket pipeline enters by promoting through the sleeve of coating, and the hard conating on grapple can improve the interlocking of instrument.(see Figure 11) especially, with reference to figure 11A, coating disclosed herein can be applied to washover pipe road 130, washover pipe road connector sleeve 132, rotate sliding shoes 134 and fishing device, to reduce the friction that fish 136 enters wash-over string.Taper and through coating sleeve 133 can be used for alleviating fish entering to washover pipe road.In addition, with reference to figure 11B, coating disclosed herein can be applied to grapple 138, to maintain material hardness for good clamping.

d. be threaded:

High strength pipe material in field use and special alloy may easily abrade, and can coated thread connection set valuably, to reduce to rub at connection set assembly process and increase surface hardness and make pipeline and connection set to reuse and without the need to redressing screw thread.Scratch risk is there is not by realizing higher contact stress raising sealability.

Sleeve pipe, oil pipe, drilling pipe, drill collar, work string, surperficial flowline, oil recovery (stimulation) processing pipeline, low-friction coating disclosed herein can be coated with valuably for the pin and/or thread die cutting connecting other screw connection that the screw thread of downhole tool, sea risers and production operation comprise.Can assemble and the technology coated thread in combination of scratching performance for improving connection set individually or with current, comprising the Shot peening of screw thread and cold rolling, and possibly but the chemical treatment of the not high screw thread of possibility.(see Figure 12), with reference to figure 12A, pin 150 and/or cover 152 can be coated with coating disclosed herein.With reference to figure 12B, screw thread 154 and/or shoulder 156 can be coated with coating disclosed herein.Ferrule element 153 through coating is shown at connecting pin place.In fig. 12 c, the threaded connector (not shown) of threaded fitting 158 can be coated with coating disclosed herein.In fig. 12d, by using coating disclosed herein to prevent the scratch 159 of screw thread 154.Coating in this case can be applied to one group or two groups of screw threads in screw connection.

e. the exemplary sleeve for DRILLING APPLICATION constructs

When drill string extends or shortens during drilling process, the pipeline section of drilling pipe is screwed around together and outwards winding.The rig in some modern times utilizes automatic equipment to carry out this operation, and it is called " manufacture and connect ".As shown in FIG. 13A, slips 171 is arranged on to keep drill string 175 in rig floor or rotating platform 173, and pipeline is outwarded winding, and connects "off".The pipeline taken apart kept by rig lift can be added to tubing string when pipeline runs in hole, or can be removed when pipeline takes out from hole.In figure 13a, the link 177 kept by slips is tool-joint cover link.

Figure 13 B shows according to the ferrule element 181 through coating on the pin 179 of the link of standard " pin downwards " convention orientation.Note, under gravitational vectors 180 points to.Should be understood that this is inconvenient from the angle of following situation: when link disconnects and the pipeline be separated is removed, if sleeve is not attached in some way, just drops to ground or fall down along hole.At U. S. Patent 7,028, in 788, Strand makes sleeve solve this problem being connected to form to be fixed together with off period and pin by sleeve and pin link being threaded.

Should be understood that threaded sleeve system may exist some problem, because during drilling process, U. S. Patent 7,028, the screw thread of specifically specifying in 788 to be exposed to outside drilling pipe and close to stratum and drilling fluid.By the possibility showing these screw threads significantly and be destroyed or there is the earth formation material of packing in screw thread.In addition, will exist to the manufacture of the screw thread on sleeve and pin and safeguard relevant extra cost.If the screw thread of sleeve or pin link is destroyed, then the corresponding part of equipment must keep in repair before follow-up use.

One exemplary can system of selection be " pin upwards " structure used as shown in fig. 13 c.Because pin 179 is towards upper, sleeve 181 directly can be placed on pin when manufacturing this link, and sleeve remains on original position when disconnecting this connection.Again, under gravitational vectors 180 points in the figure.Optionally, if if wish to prevent sleeve from freely rotating relative to drilling pipe and not using the optional apparatus of attachment sleeve, then prevent the non-limiting device of the one of sleeve rotating from being use key or groove, maybe can provide the inner sleeve surface of cartouche and corresponding transverse cross-sectional area for the sleeve on pin link.

Figure 13 D illustrates the zoomed-in view that oval sleeve Internal periphery constructs.Outer sleeve surface 183 has circular cross section, as the internal surface 188 that pin connects.Usually, the screw thread of pin is formed on the conical section of taper.But in the low stress zones above screw thread of pin, oval cross section 186 is processed to the size of mating sleeve interior surface cross section 184, is wherein slided on screw thread on pin body to allow sleeve by suitable tolerance.Need to carefully analyze to guarantee in sleeve, there is enough strengths of materials, make under expection torsional load, it is indeformable, and pin intensity can not be impaired.Usually, material can be removed when affecting pin intensity until oblique angle diameter.Recognize, pipeline will rotate in a direction, can consider asymmetric profile, and can design other selectable cross-sectional profiles when not departing from spirit of the present disclosure.

When not departing from the basic conception of low-friction material favourable when the ferrule element of utilization through coating utilizes in drilling well, the selectable mode utilizing the proximal region of pin link, cover link or other drilling pipe sleeve to be attached to tool-joint can be susceptible to.

drilling condition, application and benefit:

Some challenges and the chance of the embody rule of the band sleeve means determining to use valuably in well production process through coating can be helped for an importance of production operation and the Detailed Inspection of drilling process.

Utilize rotary drilling system to drill through deep-well for oil-gas mining and production, described rotary drilling system forms boring by means of Rock Cutting instrument and drill bit.The moment of torsion of this drill bit is driven usually to be produced on surface by the motor with mechanical transmission case.By means of this speed changer, motor drives rotating platform or top drive unit.Be drill string by the medium of energy from surface delivery to drill bit, it forms primarily of drilling pipe.The bottom of drill string is bottomhole assembly (being abbreviated as BHA herein), and it is made up of other device that drill bit, drill collar, stabilizer, measuring tool, lower reamer, motor and art technology people personnel are known.The combination of drill string and bottomhole assembly is referred to herein as drill rod assemblies.Selectively, coiled tubing can replace drill string, and being combined in herein also referred to as drill rod assemblies of coiled tubing and bottomhole assembly.In other structure, system that the cutting element near casing shoe comprises " adding cover while drilling well ".Band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating disclosed herein provides the particular benefits in this shaft bottom drill-well operation.

By current advanced oriented drilling technology, multiple lateral borehole can be drilled through from same initial well.This might mean that and to creep in the much longer degree of depth and to use directed-drilling technique, such as, by using rotary steering system (being abbreviated as RSS herein).Although this provides the advantage on mainly cost and logistics, it also greatly increases the wearing and tearing on drill string and sleeve pipe.In some situation of directed or extended reach well drilling, vertical squareness and inclination (with the angle vertically formed) can be as big as 90 °, and this is commonly referred to as horizontal well.In drill-well operation, the sidewall that drill string component tends to lean against boring or casing is laid.In directional well, this tendency is larger due to Action of Gravity Field.Along with length and/or the deflection increase of drill string, the entirety friction that rotary drill column is formed drags effect and also increases.Dragging the increase of effect in order to overcome this friction, needing extra power to carry out rotary drill column.The friction and wear formed thus affects drilling efficiency.Fathoming of can realizing in these cases can be subject to the restriction of the available torque capacity of drilling well and the torsional strength of drill string.Need to find more effective solution to use existing rig and driving mechanism increasing device life-span and drilling duty, to expand the horizontal coverage area of these operations.

Deep drilling well environment, especially in hard rock rock layers, causes the high vibration of drill rod assemblies, and it can cause the premature failure of the decline of drill bit penetration speed and bottom equipment.Drill rod assemblies is vibrated with the combination of these three kinds of basic models axially, torsionally, laterally or usually, the vibration be namely associated.The use of the band sleeve means through coating disclosed herein can reduce the moment of torsion needed for drilling well and also provide the instable resistivity of torsional vibration, and the slips comprising drill string and bottomhole assembly adheres to vibration function extremely.The drill string torque reduced can allow drilling operator to carry out drilling well than the transmission rate (ROP) high when using Conventional drilling equipment.The band sleeve means through coating in drill string disclosed herein can prevent or postpone drill string and start warpage, comprises spiral warpage, and drill rod assemblies relevant to vibration during drill-well operation can be prevented to lose efficacy and relevant nonproductive time.

Drill string comprise be selected from drilling pipe, tool-joint, the transition conduit between drill string and the bottomhole assembly comprising tool-joint, the stem comprising tool-joint and wear-resistant pad and combination thereof one can more device.Bottomhole assembly comprises one or more device, it is selected from but is not limited to: stabilizer, variable gauge stabilizer, return reamer, drill collar, flexible drill collar, rotary steerable tool, roller reamer, shock-absorbing connection, drilling fluid motor, simultaneous logging (LWD) instrument of drilling well, (MWD) instrument is measured while drilling well, sampling tool, lower reamer, reamer, centralizer, turbine, curved housing, bending motor, drill jar, accelerate bumper jar, crossover sub, lower bumper jar, moment of torsion reduces instrument, floating junction, fishing tool, fishing jar, washover pipe, logging tool, exploration tool-joint, the external connection device that in these devices, any one non magnetic mating member and combination thereof are correlated with it.

Band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating disclosed herein can be used in drill rod assemblies, wherein downhole temperature is in the scope from 20 to 400 ℉, its lower limit is 20,40,60,80 or 100 ℉, and the upper limit is 150,200,250,300,350 or 400 ℉.In rotary drilling operation period, the drilling rotary speed of surface can from the scope of 0 to 200RPM, and its lower limit is 0,10,20,30,40 or 50RPM, and the upper limit is 100,120,140,160,180 or 200RPM.In addition, in rotary drilling operation period, drilling liquid pressure can in the scope from 14psi to 20,000psi, and its lower limit is 14,100,200,300,400,500 or 1000psi, and the upper limit is 5000,10000,15000 or 20000psi.

In one form, the wear resistance of at least 2 times, 3 times, 4 times or 5 times larger than the device of uncoated is provided at the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating disclosed herein going up coating at least partially of the outer surface exposed.In addition, the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating disclosed herein when to be used in drill rod assemblies and coating be positioned at surperficial going up at least partially time provide the minimizing of casing wear compared with when using the drill rod assemblies of uncoated to carry out rotary drilling.In addition, the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating disclosed herein operates when being used in drill rod assemblies and coating is positioned at go up at least partially of surface make casing wear be reduced by least 2 times or 3 times or 4 times or 5 times relative to using uncoated drill rod assemblies to carry out rotary drilling.

The speed that friction factor could be eliminated or reduce to coating in drill rod assemblies disclosed herein also weakens.More specifically, rotary drilling system for drilling through the gun drilling of exploiting for hydrocarbon and producing experiences the instable serious torsional vibration causing and be called that " slips adhesion " is vibrated usually, it is characterized in that (i) adhesion phase, wherein drill bit or BHA slow down until it stops (relative sliding velocity is zero), and (ii) sliding phase, wherein the relative sliding velocity of downhole component accelerates to rapidly the value more much bigger than the rotational speed (RPM) applied by the rig in surface.This problem is sharp-pointed especially for the drag bit be made up of the fixed blade be arranged on the surface of drill body or cutter.The non-linear instability causing the stable friction slip overcoming slips stick oscillations in friction essential laws.Therefore, this causes complicated problem.

The speed that the friction factor reduced by increasing along with relative sliding velocity represents weakens characteristic and can cause triggering the torsion unstability that slips adheres to vibration.Instability of sliding is the problem in drilling well, because it is one of principal element of restriction maximum penetration speed.In DRILLING APPLICATION, advantageously avoid slips coherent condition, this is because it causes vibration and wearing and tearing, comprise and start to destroy the vibration be associated.Weaken characteristic by reducing or eliminating speed, the coating in drill string component disclosed herein makes system enter continuous sliding mode, wherein relative sliding velocity be constant and can not vibrate (avoiding slips to adhere to) or present local RPM swift and violent acceleration or deceleration.Even if for by using lubricant additive or tablet to avoid slips to adhere to the existing method of motion to drilling fluid, in supreme people's court under load and little Sliding velocity, still may occur that slips adheres to motion.Coating in drill rod assemblies disclosed herein can ensure that under load, also there is not slips in supreme people's court adheres to motion.

Mainly comprising in the interval of shale formation, another kind of drilling problem is common.When shale chip adheres to bit cutting face due to different hydrodynamic pressures, " drill bit balling " may occur, thus obviously reduces drilling efficiency and ROP.Shale chip adheres to BHA device such as stabilizer and causes drilling well poor efficiency.These problems are aggravated owing to using the drilling fluid based on water, and may be preferred based on the drilling fluid of water due to cost and environment reason.

Drilling vibration and drill bit balling are two modal inducements of drilling well poor efficiency.These poor efficiencys can not be presented as the ROP limit or " breakdown point " along with in the weight (being abbreviated as WOB herein) on drill bit and the linear meaning increased of the drill bit rpm (being abbreviated as RPM herein) as predicted according to the mechanicalness the subject of knowledge and the object of knowledge of drill bit at ROP.This limit schematically shows in fig. 14.Have realized that in drilling well industry, drilling rod vibration and drill bit balling limit the factor that two of penetration speed have challenge most.Band sleeve means through coating disclosed herein can be applied to drill rod assemblies, to help to alleviate these ROP limit.

In addition, the band sleeve means through coating will improve the performance of drilling tool, in particular for the bottomhole assembly of drilling well in the stratum comprising clay and similar substance.These cladding materials provide thermomechanics low energy surface, such as, for the not wetted surface of downhole device.Coating disclosed herein is suitable for carrying out oil/gas drilling in many clays region, such as, use the drilling fluid (being abbreviated as WBM herein) based on water to carry out the dark shale drilling well of high clay content, to prevent bottomhole assembly balling.

In addition, the band sleeve means through coating disclosed herein can reduce contact friction, balling reduce wearing and tearing simultaneously when being applied to drill string component, while can not sacrifice durability and the mechanical integrity of sleeve pipe.Thus, coating disclosed herein is " sleeve-friendly ", because they can not make the life-span of sleeve pipe or functional deterioration.The feature of coating disclosed herein is the receptance of the speed weakening frictional behavior low or insensitive.Therefore, the drill rod assemblies being provided with the band sleeve means through coating disclosed herein provides low-friction surface, and its advantage had both been that alleviating slips adheres to vibration, additionally reduced parasitic torque, thus furthermore achieved that super extended reach well drilling.

The band sleeve means through coating disclosed herein for drill rod assemblies provides the advantage of following exemplary, non-limitative: i) alleviate slips and adhere to vibration; Ii) reduce moment of torsion and drag effect, to extend the displacement of extended reach well; And iii) alleviate drill bit and other bottomhole assembly balling.These advantages can cause the drilling well penetration speed of shaft bottom drilling equipment and the obvious improvement of durability together with minimizing parasitic torque, thus also contribute to shortening nonproductive time (being abbreviated as NPT herein).Coating disclosed herein not only reduces friction, but also the disadvantageous downhole drill environment of withstand requirements chemical stability, corrosion resistance, impact resistance, wear resistance, erosion resisting and mechanical integrity (coating-substrate interface intensity).Coating disclosed herein also can be stood the inspection of complex geometric shapes application and can not damage medium property.In addition, coating disclosed herein additionally provides the low energy surface provided needed for the repellence of downhole device balling.

the exemplary band sleeve means mode of execution through coating:

The discussion of drilling process is concentrated on to the benefit of the friction and wear of the band sleeve means through coating, be mainly used in the cylinder of sliding contact, and also determined low energy surface adheres to downhole device benefit for reducing formation cuttings.These identical technical orders are suitable for the situation of other cylinder of the sliding contact due to relative movement, and it is suitable for using the band sleeve means through coating of the situation correspondingly with amendment.

Reducing friction and wear is the mainspring body of the sliding contact due to relative movement being applied to coating.For stationary apparatus, the motivation of coating and benefit may be slightly different.Although friction and wear may be important subfactor (such as in the first installation of this device), but the principal benefits through the band sleeve means of coating can be them to the resistivity corroded, corrode and deposit, more be similar to and reduce shale formation to the problem of the adhesion of BHA, so and these factors become the Main Basis of their choice and operation.

In an illustrative embodiments, band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating comprises Oil/gas Well process units, this Oil/gas Well process units comprises: one or more cylindrical body, one or more sleeve near the external diameter or internal diameter of one or more cylindrical body and the coating gone up at least partially in the inner sleeve surface of one or more sleeve, outer sleeve surface or its combination, and its floating coat is selected from amorphous alloy, composite material (wherein phosphorus content is greater than 12wt%), graphite, MoS through heat treated nickel-phosphorus based on electroless coating or plating ₂, WS ₂, the composite material based on fullerene, the ceramet based on boride, quasi-crystalline state material, based on adamantine material, diamond-like-carbon (DLC), boron nitride and above-mentioned combination.

In another kind of illustrative embodiments, the Oil/gas Well process units through coating comprises Oil/gas Well process units, and this Oil/gas Well process units comprises: one or more body, and wherein this one or more body does not comprise drill bit; And one or more sleeve near the outer surface or internal surface of one or more body; And in the coating gone up at least partially of the inner sleeve surface of one or more sleeve, outer sleeve surface or its combination, wherein this coating is selected from amorphous alloy, composite material (wherein phosphorus content is greater than 12wt%), graphite, MoS through heat treated nickel-phosphorus based on electroless coating or plating ₂, WS ₂, the composite material based on fullerene, the ceramet based on boride, quasi-crystalline state material, based on adamantine material, diamond-like-carbon (DLC), boron nitride and above-mentioned combination.

The friction factor of coating can be less than or equal to 0.15 or 0.13 or 0.11 or 0.09 or 0.07 or 0.05.Frictional force can be calculated as follows: frictional force=normal force × friction factor.In another form, the Oil/gas Well process units through applying can have the dynamic friction coefficient of 50% of the static friction coefficient being not less than coating or the coating of 60% or 70% or 80% or 90%.In another form, the Oil/gas Well process units through coating can have the coating dynamic friction coefficient of the static friction coefficient being more than or equal to coating.

Band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating can be made up of iron-based steel, Al base alloy, Ni base alloy and Ti base alloy.4142 shaped steel are the nonrestrictive exemplary iron-based steel of one for the Oil/gas Well process units with sleeve.Surface treatment in advance optionally can be stood in the surface of iron-based steel base before applying coating.It is one or more of that in advance surface treatment can provide in following benefit: the decay resistance of the durability of the prolongation of coating, the wear resistance of enhancing, the friction factor of reduction, the fatigue resistance of enhancing and expansion.Non-restrictive illustrative shifts to an earlier date surface treatment and comprises: ion implantation, nitrogenize, carbonization, Shot peening, laser and electron beam glazing, laser peening reinforcement process and above-mentioned combination.This surface treatment by introducing other material and harder matrix surface and/or introducing dark compressive residual stress, thus suppresses tired, impact and crack growth that wear-out failure causes.

The coating of band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating disclosed herein can be selected from amorphous alloy, composite material, graphite, MoS through heat treated nickel-phosphorus based on electroless coating or plating ₂, WS ₂, the composite material based on fullerene, the ceramet based on boride, quasi-crystalline state material, based on adamantine material, diamond-like-carbon (DLC), boron nitride and above-mentioned combination.Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond or polycrystalline diamond stone (PDC) is can be based on adamantine material.In a kind of favourable mode of execution, Oil/gas Well process units through coating is coated with diamond-like-carbon (DLC) coating, and more specifically DLC coating can be selected from tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C), tetrahedral amorphous hydrogenated carbon (ta-C:H), DLC hydrogenated carbon (DLCH), base polymer hydrogenated carbon (PLCH), class graphite hydrogenated carbon (GLCH), siliceous diamond-like-carbon (Si-DLC), metallic diamond-like-carbon (Me-DLC), oxygen containing diamond-like-carbon (O-DLC), nitrogenous diamond-like-carbon (N-DLC), the diamond-like-carbon (B-DLC) of boracic, the diamond-like-carbon (F-DLC) fluoridized and above-mentioned combination.

Remarkable reduction will cause the minimizing of frictional force through the friction factor (COF) of the Oil/gas Well process units of coating.When device is the drill rod assemblies through coating, this is converted into and makes chip along the less power needed for surface sliding.If frictional force is enough low, then can increase the mobility of chip along surface, until they can be left the surface of drill rod assemblies by lifting or be transported to anchor ring.Also possible that, chip along the mobility of increase on surface may suppress due between drilling fluid and the chip-cutterhead interface region extruded by drilling fluid, the formation that remains on chip on cutterhead face caused by differential pressure the chip blocked to some extent.The COF reduced on Oil/gas Well process units surface has come by applying these surfaces by coating disclosed herein.These coatings being applied to Oil/gas Well process units can tolerate disadvantageous drilling environment, comprise opposing erosion, burn into impulsive load and are exposed to high temperature.

Except low COF, coating of the present disclosure also has sufficiently high hardness to overcome the durability of wearing and tearing during being provided in Oil/gas Well production operation.More specifically, Vickers hardness or the suitable Vickers hardness of the coating on Oil/gas Well process units disclosed herein can be more than or equal to 400,500,600,700,800,900,1000,1500,2000,2500,3000,3500,4000,4500,5000,5500 or 6000.Be greater than 400 Vickers hardness allow through coating Oil/gas Well process units when as drill rod assemblies time for using the drilling fluid based on water and using spiral stabilizer to drill through shale.The tendency that spiral stabilizer causes BHA to vibrate is less than straight knife chip stabilizer.Figure 15 describes relative to prior art drill string and BHA steel for the relation for some coating disclosed herein between coating COF and coating hardness.When being used as the cover coat in drill rod assemblies, the low COF of coating disclosed herein and the combination of high hardness provide hard, the low COF durable material for downhole drill application.

The band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating with coating disclosed herein also provides and is less than 1,0.9,0.8,0.7,0.6,0.5,0.4,0.3,0.2 or 0.1J/m ²surface energy.In underground rotary drilling operation, this contributes to alleviating the adhesion or balling that are caused by rock chip.Wrapping angle also can be used for the surface energy quantizing the coating on the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units of coating disclosed herein.The water contact angle of coating disclosed herein is greater than 50,60,70,80 or 90 degree.

The more details relevant with the coating used in the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through applying disclosed herein are as follows:

amorphous alloy:

Amorphous alloy as the coating for the Oil/gas Well process units through coating disclosed herein is provided in the high elastic limit/flow strength under higher hardness.These attributes allow these materials when meeting with stresses or strain with such as the steel in drill rod assemblies and so on crystalline material compared be preserved for the elasticity of more Large strain/stress.Describe in figure 16 for the strain-stress relation between the amorphous alloy of the coating of drill rod assemblies and the crystal alloy/steel of routine, and show conventional crystal alloy/steel under lower strain/stress, easily can change plastic deformation into compared with amorphous alloy.Amorphous metal is caused to generate surface irregularity and the uneven contact force of height as a result and COF in the too early plastic deformation at contact surface place.The high elastic limit of amorphous metal alloy or amorphous material can reduce rough formation usually, thus also causes significantly improving of wear resistance.Reduce causing formed during production operation uneven as the amorphous alloy of the coating for the Oil/gas Well process units with sleeve and thus reduce the COF of device.

Amorphous alloy as the coating for the Oil/gas Well process units with sleeve can utilize multiple paint-on technique to deposit, and includes but not limited to thermal spraying, cold spraying, built-up welding, laser beam surface glazing, ion implantation and vapor deposition.Use laser or the electron beam of scanning, can effects on surface glazing also cool to form amorphous surface layer fast.In glazing, change surface component is to guarantee good glass ware forming ability and to increase hardness and wear resistance may be favourable.This is by being admixed to when scanning thermal source in the molten bath on surface.Hard mask coating also comprises plasma spraying to apply by carrying out thermal spraying in air or vacuum.Thinner full amorphous coating layer as the coating for Oil/gas Well process units obtains by film deposition techniques, includes but not limited to sputtering, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and arc deposited.Some amorphous alloy component disclosed herein, such as, close to (such as, Ni-Ti) of waiting atomic stoichionmtry, is gone crystalline state by the remoldability distortion of such as Shot peening or Impulsive load.Wearing and tearing and frictional behaviour well balanced is produced and for the enough glass ware forming ability of needs the production technology that will adopt as the amorphous alloy of the coating for Oil/gas Well process units disclosed herein.

composite coating based on Ni-P:

Composite material as the nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) based on electroless coating and plating for the Oil/gas Well process units with sleeve disclosed herein is formed by being co-deposited to metal matrix from electrobath or non-electrical plating bath by inert particle.Ni-P composite coating provides the adhesive attraction with the excellence of most of metal and alloy substrate.The final character of these coatings depends on the phosphorus content of Ni-P matrix, and it determines the structure of coating, and depends on the characteristic of the particle of embedding, such as type, shape and size.The Ni-P coating that phosphorus content is low is the crystalline state Ni containing supersaturation P.By increasing P content, the crystal lattices of nickel becomes more and more tighter and crystalline size reduces.Under the phosphorus content being greater than 12wt% or 13wt% or 14wt% or 15wt%, coating mainly presents amorphous structure.The annealing of Amorphous Ni-P Alloy coating can cause amorphous structure to be converted into favourable crystal state.This crystallization can increase hardness, but corrosion resistance is worsened.Phosphorus in alloy is abundanter, and crystallization process is slower.This expands the amorphous state scope of coating.Ni-P composite coating can add other metallic element, includes but not limited to tungsten (W) and molybdenum (Mo), to strengthen the performance of coating further.Composite coating based on nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) disclosed herein can comprise the particle of micron order size and submicrometer scale.Nonrestrictive exemplary particle comprises: diamond, nanotube, carbide, nitride, boride, oxide and above-mentioned combination.Other non-limiting exemplary particle comprises plastics (such as, fluoropolymer) and hard metal.

layered material and advanced composite material (ACM) coating layer:

Such as graphite, MoS can be used ₂and WS ₂the layered material of (2H polymorphic platelet) is as the coating with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units.In addition, the composite coated layer based on fullerene comprising fullerene-like nanoparticles also can be used as the coating for Oil/gas Well process units.Fullerene-like nanoparticles and typical Metal Phase, than having favourable tribological properties, alleviate conventional layered material (such as, graphite, MoS simultaneously ₂) shortcoming.Subsphaeroidal fullerene also can play the effect of nanometer ball bearing.The interests place that mainly contains of hollow fullerene-like nanoparticles contributes to following three kinds of effects: (a) rolling friction; B () fullerene nanoparticle is used as spacer, which obviate two coupling metal surfaces uneven between metal and Metal Contact, and (c) three kinds of bulk materials transfer.When the shape of nano particle is kept, the slides/rolls of the fullerene-like nanoparticles in the interface between friction surface can be the primary friction mechanism under low-load.The beneficial effect of fullerene-like nanoparticles increases with load.Find that the skin of fullerene-like nanoparticles peels off under high contact load (~ 1GPa).The scraping mechanism that the transfer of the fullerene-like nanoparticles of delamination is seemingly main under the contact conditions of harshness.Can by utilizing machinery and the tribological properties of fullerene-like nanoparticles in the Binder Phase that these particles is combined in coating layer.In addition, the composite coating (such as, Ni-P electroless plating) be combined in by fullerene-like nanoparticles in metallic binding phase can provide to have and be suitable for the selflubricating of the coating being with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units and the film of excellent anti-adhesion characteristics.

senior to the ceramet of boride and the composite material of metal matrix:

Large volume (bulk) material can be formed in due to the high temperature exposure of the initial stage heating during heat treatment or wearing and tearing maintenance as the senior ceramet based on boride of the coating with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units and the composite material of metal matrix.Such as, based on ceramet (such as, the TiB of boride ₂-metal), surface layer is rich in boron oxide compound (such as, B usually ₂o ₃), it strengthens greasy property, thus forms low coefficient of friction.

quasi-crystalline state material:

Quasi-crystalline state material can be used as the coating with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units.Quasi-crystalline state material has periodically atomic structure, but does not meet the 3-D symmetry properties that common crystalline material has usually.Due to their crystallographic structure, the overwhelming majority is icosahedron or decahedron, the quasi-crystalline state material with the chemical property of customization presents unique combination of properties, and comprise low energy surface, it is attractive as the cladding material for Oil/gas Well process units.Quasi-crystalline state material is due to they low-surface-energy (~ 30mJ/m on the stainless steel substrate with icosahedral Al-Cu-Fe chemical property ²) and inadhesive surface properties is provided.Quasi-crystalline state material as the coating layer for Oil/gas Well process units can provide the combination of low coefficient of friction (carrying out scratch test with diamond indentor in dry air is ~ 0.05) with relatively high micro-hardness (400 ~ 600HV), for wear resistance.Quasi-crystalline state material as the coating layer for Oil/gas Well process units also can provide low corrosion surface, and has the low level and smooth and smooth surface of surface energy through the layer of coating, for raising performance.Quasi-crystalline state material is deposited on metallic matrix by the paint-on technique of wide range, includes but not limited to thermal spraying, vapor deposition, laser cladding, built-up welding and arc deposited.

superhard material (diamond, diamond-like-carbon, cubic boron nitride):

The superhard material of such as diamond, DLC (DLC) and cubic boron nitride (CBN) can be used as the coating with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units.Diamond can produce ultralow friction coefficient when being the known the hardest material of the mankind and being deposited in ferrule element by chemical vapor deposition (being abbreviated as CVD herein) under certain conditions.In one form, CVD deposit carbon can be directly deposited on the surface of sleeve.In another form, the base coat (herein also referred to as buffer layer) of compatibilizer material can be applied to ferrule element before diamond deposition.Such as, when being used on the sleeve of drill rod assemblies, the cover coat of cvd diamond not only provides and reduces the trend of chip in the adhesion of surface, but also makes it possible to (such as in the Gulf of Mexico) use spiral stabilizer in gumbo matter drill-well operation.The flow surface utilizing cvd diamond to apply spiral stabilizer can enable chip flow through stabilizer, upwards enters drill string anchor ring and can not adhere to stabilizer along hole.

In a favourable mode of execution, diamond-like-carbon (DLC) can be used as the coating with sleeve Oil/gas Well process units.DLC refers to and presents the amorphous carbon material that some are similar to the peculiar property of natural diamond.Be suitable for being with the diamond-like-carbon (DLC) of sleeve Oil/gas Well process units can be selected from ta-C, ta-C:H, DLCH, PLCH, GLCH, Si-DLC, Me-DLC, F-DLC and above-mentioned combination.DLC coating comprises a large amount of sp ³doping carbon atom.These sp ³key not only with crystal occur-in other words, the solid-of long-range order and occurring with the non-crystalline solids of atom random alignment.In this case, will bonding be carried out between the atom that only minority is independent, i.e. short range order, instead of the long-range order extended on a large amount of atom.The material property of key type to amorphous carbon film has considerable influence.If mainly sp ²type, then DLC film may be more soft, and if mainly sp ³type, then DLC film may be harder.

DLC coating can be used as amorphous state, flexibility and is still sp purely ³" diamond " of bonding is made.The hardest is is known as tetrahedral amorphous state carbon or ta-C(see Figure 17) mixture.This ta-C comprises the sp of high-volume fractional (~ 80%) ³bonding carbon atom.Optional filler for DLC coating includes but not limited to hydrogen, graphite sp ²carbon and metal, and other form can be adopted to use, with the combination of properties realizing wishing according to application-specific.Various forms of DLC coating can be applied to and the various matrixes that also conduct electricity compatible with vacuum environment.DLC coating quality also depends on the fractional content of the alloy element of such as hydrogen.Some DLC painting method needs hydrogen or methane as precursor gases, and can retain the hydrogen of quite large percentage in the DLC material therefore completed.In order to improve their tribological property and mechanical property further, usually add other alloyage and/or doped chemical to revise DLC film.Such as, surface energy and wettability are reduced to DLC interpolation fluorine (F) and silicon (Si).Reduce fluorine-containing DLC(F-DLC) in surface energy contribute to there is-CF2 and-CF3 group in film.But higher F content can cause lower hardness.The interpolation of Si reduces surface energy by reducing the dispersion component of surface energy.Add Si also by promoting the sp in DLC film ³hydridization and increase the hardness of DLC film.Add metallic element (such as W, Ta, Cr, Ti, Mo) to film and use this metal intermediate layer to reduce compressive residual stress, thus making film mechanical integrity when compression-loaded better.

The DLC phase of DLC or sp ³bonded carbon is thermomechanics metastable phase, and sp ²the graphite of bonding is thermodynamically stable phase.Therefore, the formation of DLC coated film needs uneven process, metastablely determines sp to obtain ³bonded carbon.The evaporation of Balance Treatment method such as graphitic carbon, the wherein average energy of evaporated material low (close to kT, wherein k is Boltzmann constant, and T is the temperature of kelvin scale), this causes and forms 100%sp ²bonded carbon.Method for the production of DLC coating disclosed herein requires the sp of carbon ³key length is significantly less than sp ²key length.Therefore, pressure, impact, catalysis or these a certain apply to force sp under being combined in atomic scale ²bonding carbon atom is more intensive and become sp ³bonding.This can enough effectively complete, and makes atom resilience can not be separated into sp simply ²the stalling characteristic of key.Typical technology is by this compression and by new sp ³bonded carbon bunch more in depth pushes coating and combines to make not exist and get back to sp for expanding ²the leeway of the separation needed for bonding; Or by new bunch by being next impact cycle and the new carbon that arrives embeds.

DLC coating disclosed herein deposits by physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition or plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition paint-on technique.Physical vapor deposition method comprises RF-DC plasma reaction magnetron sputtering, ion beam assisted depositing, cathodic arc deposition and pulsed laser deposition (PLD).Chemical vapour phase deposition coating coating method comprise Assisted by Ion Beam CVD deposition, plasma-enhanced deposition, use from appropriate hydrocarbon gas glow discharge, use from radio frequency (r.f) glow discharge of appropriate hydrocarbon gas, the process of plasma immersion ion and microwave discharge.Plasma reinforced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) is for a kind of favorable method of high deposition rate extensive deposition DLC.CVD coating processes based on plasma is non line of sight (non-line-of-sight) technology, and namely plasma coincidently covers part to be coated and the whole exposed surface of this part is coated with uniform thickness.The surface finishment of part can be retained after applying DLC coating.An advantage of PECVD is that the temperature of matrix part can not be elevated to about 150 ° of more than C in coating operation period.Fluorine-containing DLC (F-DLC) and siliceous DLC (Si-DLC) film can use the acetylene (C being mixed with fluorine-containing and siliceous precursor gases (such as, HFC-134a and HMDO) respectively ₂h ₂) process gas utilize plasma deposition technique to synthesize.

DLC coating disclosed herein can be presented on the friction factor in previously described scope.Ultralow COF can based on the formation of graphite film thin in actual contact area.Due to sp ₃bonding is the thermodynamic instability phase of carbon under the high temperature of 600 to 1500 ° of C, and therefore depend on environmental condition, it can change the graphite that can be used as solid lubricant into.These high temperature can occur as very of short duration transient temperature (being called initial temperature) in the process of uneven collision or contact.The alternative theory of the ultralow COF of DLC coating is the existence of alkyl synovial membrane.Sp ³the tetrahedral structure of the carbon of bonding can cause so a kind of situation in surface, may there is a room electronics from surface in this case, it does not have carbon atom can adhere to (see Figure 18), this is called " outstanding key " track.If the hydrogen atom with the electronics of himself is placed on this carbon atom, then its may with outstanding bond orbital bonding, thus form bielectron covalent bond.When two such smooth surfaces outer field with single hydrogen atom slide on each other, will shear between hydrogen atom.There is not chemical bonding between surface, only there is very weak Van der Waals force, and the character of surface presentation heavy hydrocarbon wax.As shown in figure 18, the carbon atom of surface can be formed three strong, in the outstanding bond orbital of drawing from surface, stay next electronics.Hydrogen atom is attached to this surface, and this surface becomes hydrophobic and presents low friction.

Wearing and tearing for also preventing the tribological properties due to them from causing with the DLC coating of sleeve Oil/gas Well process units disclosed herein.Especially, DLC coating opposing abrasion disclosed herein and adhesive wear, make them be suitable for experiencing the application of the extreme contact rolled and both sliding contact.

Except low friction and wear-resisting/anti-corrosion except, the bonding strength for also presenting durability and the outer surface with the body assembly for depositing with the DLC coating of sleeve Oil/gas Well process units disclosed herein.DLC coating can have high-caliber intrinsic residual stress (~ 1GPa), and it affects the tribological property of DLC coating and the adhesion strength with the matrix (such as steel) for depositing.Usually, the adhesion strength that differed from of Direct precipitation DLC coating on the steel surface.The shortage of this adhesion strength limits thickness between DLC coating and steel interface and incompatibility, and this may cause delamination at low load.In order to overcome this problem, DLC coating disclosed herein also can be included in the mesosphere of various metals (such as but not limited to Cr, W, Ti) between the outer surface of Oil/gas Well process units and DLC coating layer and ceramic compound (such as but not limited to CrN, SiC).These potteries and metal intermediate layer discharge the compressive residual stress of DLC coating disclosed herein, to increase adhesion and bearing capacity.The selectable method of the wearing and tearing/friction and mechanical endurance that improve DLC coating disclosed herein adds the multilayer with intermediate buffer layer, gathers and/or dual mixed coating process to alleviate residual stress.In one form, for the treatment of the outer surface of Oil/gas Well process units can carry out nitrogenize or carbonization, precursor process before DLC coating deposition, so that sclerosis and stop the plastic deformation of the base layer causing the Coating Durability strengthened.

laminated coating and mixed coating:

Open and can be used for the thickness maximizing coating, to strengthen its durability herein with the laminated coating on sleeve Oil/gas Well process units.Band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating disclosed herein not only can comprise individual layer, but also can comprise two or more coating layers.Such as, two, three, four, five or more coating layers can be deposited on each several part of ferrule element.The thickness of each coating layer can be in from the scope of 0.5 to 5000 microns, its lower limit is 0.5,0.7,1.0,3.0,5.0,7.0,10.0,15.0 or 20.0 micron, and the upper limit is 25,50,75,100,200,500,1000,3000 or 5000 microns.The total thickness of laminated coating can from the scope of 0.5 to 30,000 micron.The lower limit of whole laminated coating thickness can be 0.5,0.7,1.0,3.0,5.0,7.0,10.0,15.0 or 20.0 micron thickness.Whole laminated coating thickness but the upper limit not comprising stiffening layer can be 25,50,75,100,200,500,1000,3000,5000,10000,15000,20000 or 30000 micron thickness.

In another mode of execution of the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating disclosed herein, the body assembly of Oil/gas Well process units can be included in the stiffening layer gone up at least partially of the outer surface of exposure, to provide wear resistance and the durability of enhancing.Therefore, one or more coating layer is deposited over the top of stiffening layer, thus forms hybrid type coating structure.The thickness of stiffening layer can from several times of changes of thickness equaling outside coating layer.Non-restrictive illustrative stiffening layer material comprises based on the composite material of ceramic-metallic material, metal matrix, nanocrystalline metal alloy, non-crystalline and hard metal alloys.The stiffening layer of other non-limiting exemplary type comprises the carbide of the elemental tungsten be dispersed in metal alloy matrix, titanium, niobium, molybdenum, iron, chromium and silicon, nitride, boride and oxide.This stiffening layer deposits by built-up welding, thermal spraying or laser/electron beam deposition.

Be used in the coating in the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units of coating disclosed herein and also can comprise one or more buffer layer (herein also referred to as bonding layer).In laminated coating structure, one or more buffer layer described can be placed between the outer surface of body assembly and single layer or two or more layers.One or more buffer layer can be selected from the alloy of following element or following element: silicon, titanium, chromium, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, zirconium and/or hafnium.One or more buffer layer described also can be selected from carbide, nitride, carbon-nitride, the oxide of following element: silicon, titanium, chromium, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, zirconium and/or hafnium.One or more buffer layer described is usually placed between stiffening layer (when deployed) and one or more coating layer or is placed between coating layer.Buffer layer thickness can be a part for the thickness of phase coating layer or the thickness close to coating layer.

In the another mode of execution of the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating disclosed herein, body assembly also can comprise the outer surface that is placed in body assembly and one or more separation layer between the coating gone up at least partially or stiffening layer of the outer surface exposed, to provide the toughness of enhancing, to minimize any dilution from the base steel mixed in external skin or stiffening layer, and minimize residual stress absorption.Unrestriced exemplary separation layer comprises stainless steel or nickel-base alloy.One or more separation layer described is usually near location, the top of the body assembly of the Oil/gas Well process units for applying or the top being positioned at body assembly.

In a kind of Advantageous embodiments of the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating disclosed herein, can to the amorphous state coating layer of this device applying based on multilayer carbon, such as diamond-like-carbon (DLC) coating.Diamond-like-carbon (DLC) coating being suitable for Oil/gas Well process units can be selected from ta-C, ta-C:H, DLCH, PLCH, GLCH, Si-DLC, Me-DLC, N-DLC, O-DLC, B-DLC, F-DLC and above-mentioned combination.The particularly advantageous DLC coating of one for this application is DLCH or ta-C:H.The structure of multilayer DLC coating can be included in each DLC layer between each DLC layer with adhesion or buffer layer.The Exemplary adhesive layer used together with DLC coating or buffer layer include but not limited to the alloy of following element or following element: silicon, titanium, chromium, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, zirconium and/or hafnium.The Exemplary adhesive layer used together with DLC coating or buffer layer include but not limited to carbide, nitride, carbonitride, the oxide of following element: silicon, titanium, chromium, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, zirconium and/or hafnium.These buffer layers or bonding layer are as malleableize and alleviate residual stress layer and the whole DLC coating thickness being allowed for multilayer mode of execution is increased, and maintain the coating integrity being used for durability simultaneously.

In another favored form of the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating disclosed herein, in order to improve the durability of relatively thin DLC coating layer, mechanical integrity and shaft bottom performance, mixing painting method can be utilized, wherein can deposit one or more DLC coating layer in the stiffening layer of prior art.This mode of execution provides the interface intensity of the DLC-stiffening layer of enhancing, and if DLC wearing and tearing or delamination, also to downhole device provide opposing premature abrasion protection.In another form preferably, before coating DLC layer, in advance surface treatment can be used to steel base, to extend durability and to improve the wearing and tearing of DLC coating, friction, fatigue and corrosivity.Surface treatment in advance can be selected from ion implantation, nitrogenize, carbonization, Shot peening, laser and electron beam glazing, laser peening strengthening and above-mentioned combination.This surface treatment comes harder matrix surface by introducing other material and/or introduces dark compressive residual stress, thus causes by impacting and the suppression of crack growth that wear-out failure causes.In another form preferably, one or more separation layer previously described can be placed between matrix and stiffening layer, has inserted one or more DLC coating layer on stiffening layer top simultaneously.

Figure 26 is the illustrative embodiments utilizing multilayer to mix the coating on the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units of coating layer, and wherein DLC coating layer is deposited on the stiffening layer top in steel base.In another kind of form preferably, stiffening layer can carry out reprocessing (such as, etching) to expose alloy carbide particle, to improve the adhesive attraction of also DLC coating as shown in figure 26 and stiffening layer.This mixed coating may be used on the downhole device of such as tool-joint and stabilizer etc., to improve durability and the mechanical integrity of deposition DLC coating on such devices, and if outer wearing and tearing or delamination, then provide " second defence line ", resist aggressive wearing and tearing and the eating condition of downhole environment in underground rotary drilling operation.In another kind of form preferably, one or more buffer layer previously described and/or one or more separation layer can be included in mixed coating structure, to improve oil gas well drilling, the characteristic of completion and production operation and performance further.

The benefit that these paint-on techniques provide potential is applied to the sleeve close to Oil/gas Well process units, includes but not limited to drilling well, completion, oil recovery, well workover and production operation.Effective and drilling well reliably, completion, oil recovery, well workover and production operation by applying this coating to improve to band sleeve means, to alleviate friction as discussed in detail, wearing and tearing, erosion, corrosion and deposition above.

use the illustrative methods of the band sleeve means mode of execution through coating:

In one exemplary embodiment, the favorable method of the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating is used to comprise: to provide the Oil/gas Well process units through coating, this Oil/gas Well process units through coating comprises one or more cylindrical body, there is one or more sleeve and the inner sleeve surface at one or more sleeve near the external diameter or internal diameter of one or more cylindrical body, the coating gone up at least partially of outer sleeve surface or its combination, its floating coat is selected from amorphous alloy, through the composite material (wherein phosphorus content is greater than 12wt%) of heat treated nickel-phosphorus based on electroless coating or plating, graphite, MoS ₂, WS ₂, the composite material based on fullerene, the ceramet based on boride, quasi-crystalline state material, based on adamantine material, diamond-like-carbon (DLC), boron nitride and above-mentioned combination, and build at well, utilize band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating in completion or production operation.

In another kind of illustrative embodiments, the favorable method of the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating is used to comprise: to provide the Oil/gas Well process units through coating, this Oil/gas Well process units through coating comprises one or more body, wherein this one or more body does not comprise drill bit, near the outer surface or internal surface of one or more body, have one or more sleeve; And in the coating gone up at least partially of the inner sleeve surface of one or more sleeve, outer sleeve surface or its combination, wherein this coating is selected from amorphous alloy, composite material (wherein phosphorus content is greater than 12wt%), graphite, MoS through heat treated nickel-phosphorus based on electroless coating or plating ₂, WS ₂, the composite material based on fullerene, the ceramet based on boride, quasi-crystalline state material, based on adamantine material, diamond-like-carbon (DLC), boron nitride and above-mentioned combination; And build at well, utilize band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating in completion or production operation.

test method:

According to ASTMG99 test method, ball-dish testing machine is used to measure friction factor.This test method needs two samples---smooth dish sample and the ball sample of spheric end.The ball samples vertical using support to keep rigidly is located in flat disc.By make diameter be 2.7 inches flat disc by circular path revolution flat disc sample is slided against ball sample.Through ball, normal direction load applies that ball is compressed vertically downward and is resisted against dish.Specific normal direction load can apply by means of appended weight, hydraulic pressure or pneumatically loading mechanism.At duration of test, use the tension vs compression load sensor or similar power induction installation that are attached to ball stand to measure frictional force.By by the frictional force measured divided by normal direction load to calculate friction factor.Under room temperature and 150 °F, test is completed under various test condition Sliding velocity.Diameter is adopted to be that the quartz of 4mm ~ 5mm or mild steel balls are as fitting surface material.

By by means of above-mentioned ASTMG99 test method, use ball-on-disc wear test machine under various Sliding velocity, measure friction factor and carry out estimating velocity enhancing or weaken.

Hardness is measured according to ASTMC1327 Vickers hardness test method.Vickers hardness test method comprises and uses diamond indentor impression test material, the form of described diamond indentor be with square base and bear 1 to 100kgf load apparent surface between become the right pyramid at 136 degree of angles.Usual applying full load 10 to 15 seconds.Two diagonal angles of impression using microscope to measure to stay in the surface of material after elimination capacity also calculate their mean value.Calculate the area of the inclined surface of impression.Vickers hardness is the business by being obtained divided by the square millimeter area of impression by kgf load.The advantage of Vickers hardness test to carry out very accurate reading, and only use a kind of indentor to all types of metal and surface treatment.Scumbling coating (such as, be less than 100 μm) hardness assessed by nano impress, wherein normal direction load (P) is by having well-known pyramid geometrical shape (such as, Berkovich is most advanced and sophisticated, and it has three pyramid geometrical shapies) indentor normal direction load (P) is applied to coating surface.In nano impress, use Smaller load and tip size eliminate or reduce the effect from matrix, therefore the area of indentation can be solely several square micron or even nanometer.In the process of nano impress process, record is carried out to depth of penetration, and then utilize the area of the known geometries determination impression at impression tip.By load (kgf) is obtained hardness divided by the area (square millimeter) of impression.

According to ASTMG99 test method by ball-dish geometric shape measuring polishing machine.By measure two kinds of samples before the test after size determine wear extent or the wear volume loss of ball and dish.The degree of depth or the change in shape of the wearing and tearing track coiled is determined by laser surface profilometer and atom force microscope.By measure sample before the test after the wear extent of size determination ball or wear volume loss.The wear volume of ball is gone out from the known geometries of ball and Size calculation.

According to ASTMD5725 test method measuring water contact angle.Be called that the method for " sessile drop method " uses the goniometer based on optical subsystem to measure Liquid contact angle to catch the profile of the neat liquid on solid matrix.Drop (such as, water) is placed in (or allowing to fall from certain distance) solid surface.When liquid stability (becoming set), drop keeps its surface tension and becomes against solid surface avette.The angle formed between liquid/solid interface and liquid/vapor interface is wrapping angle.The wrapping angle that the above-mentioned surface of elliptical-shaped contact of drop is formed determines the affinity between two kinds of materials.That is, smooth drop shows high affinity, and liquid is considered to " moistening " matrix in this case.The drop that side's (by height finderheigt indicator) is more rounded on a surface shows lower affinity, because the angle that liquid invests on solid surface is more sharp-pointed.In this case, liquid is considered to " not moistening " matrix.Sessile drop system adopts high-resolution camera and software catch and analyze wrapping angle.

embodiment

exemplary embodiment 1:

In 4142 steel base, DLC coating is applied by gas phase deposition technology.DLC coating has from the thickness in the scope of 1.5 to 25 microns.Hardness is measured as and is in 1,300 to 7, in the scope of 500 Vickers diamond hardness numbers.The laboratory test of carrying out based on ball-dish geometrical shape proves the frictionand wear properties of coating.Use quartz ball and mild steel balls as fitting surface material to simulate open-hole respectively and to add trepanning condition.In an environmental temperature experiment, under " drying " or ambient air conditions with 300 grams of normal direction loads and 0.6m/ Sliding velocity second to 4142 steel of quartzy fitting surface testing of materials uncoated, DLC coating and the heap of prior art stiffening layer commercially welding coat, to simulate naked borehole condition.Can realize in DLC coating as shown in figure 19 up to 10 times to the raising (reduction of friction factor) of the frictional behaviour of 4142 steel of uncoated and stiffening layer.

In another environmental temperature experiment, 4142 steel of low carbon steel fitting surface testing of materials uncoated, DLC coating and prior art stiffening layer commercially heap welding coat is added to the hole condition of cover with simulation.The frictional behaviour (reduction of friction factor) up to 4142 steel and stiffening layer that are three times in uncoated can be realized in the DLC coating shown in Figure 19.DLC coating due to DLC coating higher than the hardness of fitting surface material (that is, quartz and low carbon steel) polishing quartz ball.But the Volume Loss caused that weares and teares is all minimum in quartz ball and mild steel balls.Plain carbon steel and stiffening layer cause the noticeable wear in quartz ball and mild steel balls on the other hand, show that these are not very " sleeve-friendly ".

Also in based on the drilling fluid of oil, ball-mill damage and friction factor is tested at ambient temperature.Use quartz ball and mild steel balls as fitting surface material to simulate open-hole respectively and to add trepanning condition.The more commercial as shown in figure 20 stiffening layer of DLC coating presents significant advantage.Use DLC coating can realize comparing frictional behaviour with stiffening layer with 4142 steel of uncoated and improve (reduction of friction factor) up to 30%.DLC coating due to its higher than the hardness of quartz polishing quartz ball.On the other hand, for the situation of the steel disk of uncoated, low carbon steel and quartz ball and steel disk show obvious wearing and tearing.In order to carry out comparable test, the wearing character of the dish of stiffened is in the centre of the steel disk of DLC coating disk and uncoated.

Figure 21 describes wearing and tearing at high temperature and frictional behaviour.Be heated to 150 °F based on the drilling fluid of oil in perform test, and reuse quartz ball and mild steel balls as fitting surface material, to simulate open-hole respectively and to add the hole condition of cover.The raising (reduction of friction factor) of frictional behaviour presented up to 50% compared by 4142 steel of DLC coating and uncoated with commercial stiffening layer.The steel of uncoated and stiffening layer cause the wear damage of the fitting surface material of quartz ball and mild steel balls, and in the fitting surface material rubbed against DLC coating, observe obviously less wear damage.

Figure 22 shows the frictional behaviour of DLC coating at the temperature (150 °F and 200 °F) raised.In this test data, DLC coating presents low friction factor at the temperature of the rising up to 200 °F.But the steel of uncoated and the friction coefficient temperature of stiffening layer obviously increase.

exemplary embodiment 2:

In the wearing and tearing/CROCKING TEST of laboratory, by monitoring 0.3m/ second ~ the Sliding velocity scope of 1.8m/ second slide needed for 4142 steel of shearing stress to DLC coating and uncoated measure the velocity-dependent (speed weakens or strengthens) of friction factor.Use quartz ball as the fitting surface material in dry type sliding friction test.DLC coating weakens performance relative to the speed of the steel of uncoated and describes in fig 23.(namely 4142 steel of uncoated present the friction factor that reduces with Sliding velocity, obvious speed weakens), and DLC coating does not show speed and to weaken and (namely the slight speed in fact seeming to exist COF strengthen, COF increases slightly with Sliding velocity), this can be favourable for alleviating torsion unstability (slips adheres to the omen of vibration).

exemplary embodiment 3:

Production multilayer DLC coating, to maximize the thickness of DLC coating, thus improves its durability of drilling assemblies for using in drill-well operation.In one form, the total thickness of multilayer DLC coating change from 6 μm to 25 μm.Figure 24 describes the individual layer of the drill rod assemblies for producing via PECVD and the SEM image of multilayer DLC coating.The bonding layer used together with DLC coating is for containing silicon buffer layer.

exemplary embodiment 4:

The surface energy of DLC coated substrates compared with 4142 steel surfaces of uncoated is measured via water contact angle.Describe result in fig. 25, and result shows that DLC coating provides significantly lower surface energy compared with the steel surface of uncoated.Lower surface energy can provide the lower surface of adhesion to alleviate or to reduce drill bit/stabilizer balling and to prevent the sedimental formation of pitch, paraffin, dirty body and/or hydrate.

Claimant has attempted openly can all mode of executions of disclosure theme of reasonable prediction and application.But, the amendment of still equivalent unpredictable unsubstantiality may be there is.Although describe the present invention in conjunction with concrete illustrative embodiments of the present invention, but be apparent that, when without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, according to description above, many changes, modifications and variations will be obvious for a person skilled in the art.Therefore, the present invention is intended to contain these type of changes, modifications and variations all described above in detail.

All patents, test procedure and other file quoted herein, comprise priority document, be all incorporated to by reference, and this is incorporated to and makes this disclosure there is no inconsistent with the present invention and meet and allow this all authorities be incorporated to.

When enumerating numerical lower limits and numerical upper limits herein, the scope from any lower limit to any upper limit can be susceptible to.

Claims (160)

1., through a band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units for coating, comprising:

One or more cylindrical body;

One or more sleeve, one or more sleeve described is close to the external diameter of one or more cylindrical body described or internal diameter, and one or more sleeve wherein said is designed to be assemblied in the tubular part on another parts, and

Coating, described coating the going up at least partially of combination of the inner sleeve surface of one or more sleeve described, outer sleeve surface or inner sleeve surface and outer surface,

Wherein, described coating is selected from based on the composite material of fullerene, diamond-like-carbon (DLC) and above-mentioned combination,

The friction factor of wherein said coating is less than or equal to 0.15, and described coating provides the hardness being greater than 1000VHN.

2. the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 1, one or more cylindrical body wherein said comprises two or more cylindrical body of relative to each other moving.

3. the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 1, one or more cylindrical body wherein said comprises two or more relative to each other static cylindrical body.

4. the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 3, two or more cylindrical body wherein said comprise two or more radiuses.

5. the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 4, two or more cylindrical body wherein said comprise one or more cylindrical body substantially in one or more other cylindrical body.

6. the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 4, two or more radiuses wherein said have substantially the same size or substantially different sizes.

7. the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 4, two or more cylindrical body wherein said are bordered on mutually.

8. the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 4, two or more cylindrical body wherein said are not bordered on mutually.

9. the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 7 or 8, two or more cylindrical body wherein said are coaxial or out-of-alignment.

10. the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 9, wherein said body has substantial parallel axis.

The 11. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 1, one or more cylindrical body wherein said be spirality in internal surface, in outer surface for spirality or be above-mentioned combination.

The 12. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 1, one or more cylindrical body wherein said is solid, hollow or above-mentioned combination.

The 13. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 1, one or more cylindrical body wherein said comprise outer cross, internal cross section or internal cross section and outer cross be automatic adjustment, general oval or at least one cylindrical body polygonal substantially.

The 14. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 1, the friction factor of wherein said coating is less than or equal to 0.10.

The 15. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 1, wherein said coating provides the hardness being greater than 1500VHN.

The 16. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 1, wherein said coating provides the wear resistance larger than at least 3 times, the device of uncoated.

The 17. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 1, the water contact angle of wherein said coating is greater than 60 degree.

The 18. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 1, wherein said coating provides and is less than 1J/m ²surface energy.

The 19. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 18, wherein said coating provides and is less than 0.1J/m ²surface energy.

The 20. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 1, wherein said coating comprises single coating layer or two or more coating layers.

The 21. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 20, two or more coating layers wherein said have substantially identical or different coating.

The 22. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 20, the thickness of each layer in the thickness of wherein said single coating layer and two or more coating layers described is from the scope of 0.5 micron to 5000 microns.

The 23. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 20, wherein said coating also comprises one or more buffer layer.

The 24. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 23, one or more buffer layer wherein said is placed between the surface of one or more cylindrical body described and described single coating layer or two or more coating layers described.

The 25. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 23, one or more buffer layer wherein said is selected from following element, alloy, carbide, nitride, carbon-nitride and oxide: silicon, titanium, chromium, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, zirconium or hafnium.

The 26. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 1, the dynamic friction coefficient of wherein said coating is not less than 50% of the static friction coefficient of described coating.

The 27. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 1, the dynamic friction coefficient of wherein said coating is more than or equal to the static friction coefficient of described coating.

The 28. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 1, one or more cylindrical body wherein said also comprises stiffening layer at least a portion.

The 29. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 28, wherein said stiffening layer comprises composite material based on ceramic-metallic material, metal matrix or hard metal alloys.

30. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 1 or 28, one or more cylindrical body wherein said also comprises and is placed in the described surface of one or more cylindrical body and the separation layer between the described coating gone up at least partially or stiffening layer of described cylindrical body.

The 31. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 30, wherein said separation layer comprises stainless steel or nickel-base alloy.

The 32. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 1, one or more cylindrical body wherein said also comprises screw thread.

The 33. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 32, wherein said screw thread coated at least partially.

34. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 32 or 33, also comprise sealing surfaces, wherein said sealing surfaces coated at least partially.

35. according to any one of claim 1,2 or 3 through coating band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units, one or more cylindrical body wherein said is well constructing device.

The 36. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 35, wherein said well constructing device is selected from: drilling rod, sleeve pipe, oil pipe column, wire rope/kernmantle/multi-core conductor/mono-core conductor/piano wire; The blade rotor of coiled tubing and progressive cavity pump and stator, expandable pipe fitting, built-up mandrel, centralizer, contact ring, flushing pipe, the shake screen cloth controlled for solid, fisher and grapple, sea risers, surperficial flowline and above-mentioned combination.

37. according to any one of claim 1,2 or 3 through coating band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units, one or more cylindrical body wherein said is completion and process units.

38. according to the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 37, and wherein said completion and process units are selected from: Plunger Lift device; Completion sliding sleeve assembly; Coiled tubing; Sucker rod; Oil pipe column; Pump oil machine; Stuffing box; Sealer and lubriator; Piston and piston bushing; The blade rotor of progressive cavity pump and stator; Expandable pipe fitting; Built-up mandrel; Control pipeline and conduit; The instrument operated in the wellbore; Wire rope/kernmantle/multi-core conductor/mono-core conductor/piano wire; Centralizer; Contact ring; Perforated basepipe; Fluting base tube; For the screen cloth base tube that sandstone controls; Flushing pipe; Ram's horns; For the maintenance tool of gravel pack operation; Blast joint; Be arranged on the sandstone screen cloth in well completion interval; Sandstone with redundancy controls and stops the sandstone screen cloth of compartment; Sintered screen; Wire is wound around screen cloth; For the shake screen cloth that solid controls; Fisher and grapple; Sea risers; Surface flowline; Oil recovery processing pipeline, and above-mentioned combination.

The 39. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 1, one or more cylindrical body wherein said is pin or the cover link of pipe running tool joint.

40. according to the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 39, and it is circular nearside cylindrical cross section that one or more cylindrical body wherein said is configured with cross section.

41. according to the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 39, and it is non-circular nearside cylindrical cross section that one or more cylindrical body wherein said is configured with cross section.

42. according to according to claim 39 through coating band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units, wherein said pin or cover link be oriented so that relative to gravitational direction, sell towards upper and cover face down.

43. according to the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 39, and wherein said pin or cover link are oriented so that relative to gravitational direction, and pin faces down and overlaps towards upper.

The 44. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 1, one or more sleeve wherein said comprises metal, metal alloy, pottery, ceramet, polymer, carbon steel, Steel Alloy, stainless steel, WC base hard metal, or above-mentioned combination.

45. 1 kinds, through the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units of coating, comprising:

Oil/gas Well process units, described Oil/gas Well process units comprises one or more body, and one or more body wherein said does not comprise drill bit,

One or more sleeve, one or more sleeve described is close to the outer surface of one or more body described or internal surface, and one or more sleeve wherein said is designed to be assemblied in the tubular part on another parts, and

Coating, described coating the going up at least partially of combination of the inner sleeve surface of one or more sleeve described, outer sleeve surface or inner sleeve surface and outer surface,

Wherein said coating is selected from based on the composite material of fullerene, diamond-like-carbon (DLC) and above-mentioned combination,

The friction factor of wherein said coating is less than or equal to 0.15, and described coating provides the hardness being greater than 1000VHN.

The 46. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 45, one or more body wherein said comprises two or more bodies relative to each other moved.

The 47. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 45, one or more body wherein said comprises two or more relative to each other static bodies.

The 48. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 45, one or more body wherein said comprises spherical and complex geometric shapes.

49. according to claim 48 through coating band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units, wherein said complex geometric shapes have for non-columnar shape at least partially.

50. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 46 or 47, two or more bodies wherein said comprise substantially at one or more other one or more body intrinsic.

51. according to claim 46 or 47 through coating band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units, two or more bodies wherein said are bordered on mutually.

52. according to claim 46 or 47 through coating band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units, two or more bodies wherein said are not bordered on mutually.

53. according to claim 46 or 47 through coating band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units, two or more bodies wherein said are coaxial or out-of-alignment.

The 54. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 45, one or more body wherein said is solid, hollow or above-mentioned combination.

The 55. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 45, one or more body wherein said comprise outer cross, internal cross section or internal cross section and outer cross be automatic adjustment, general oval or at least one body polygonal substantially.

The 56. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 45, the friction factor of wherein said coating is less than or equal to 0.10.

The 57. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 45, wherein said coating provides the hardness being greater than 1500VHN.

The 58. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 45, wherein said coating provides the wear resistance larger than at least 3 times, the device of uncoated.

The 59. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 45, the water contact angle of wherein said coating is greater than 60 degree.

The 60. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 45, wherein said coating provides and is less than 1J/m ²surface energy.

The 61. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 60, wherein said coating provides and is less than 0.1J/m ²surface energy.

The 62. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 45, wherein said coating comprises single coating layer or two or more coating layers.

The 63. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 62, two or more coating layers wherein said have substantially identical or different coating.

The 64. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 62, the thickness of each layer in the thickness of wherein said single coating layer and two or more coating layers described is from the scope of 0.5 micron to 5000 microns.

The 65. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 62, wherein said coating also comprises one or more buffer layer.

The 66. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 65, one or more buffer layer wherein said is placed between the surface of one or more body described and described single coating layer or two or more coating layers described.

The 67. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 65, one or more buffer layer wherein said is selected from following element, alloy, carbide, nitride, carbon-nitride and oxide: silicon, titanium, chromium, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, zirconium or hafnium.

The 68. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 45, the dynamic friction coefficient of wherein said coating is not less than 50% of the static friction coefficient of described coating.

The 69. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 45, the dynamic friction coefficient of wherein said coating is more than or equal to the static friction coefficient of described coating.

The 70. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 45, one or more body wherein said also comprises stiffening layer at least a portion.

The 71. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 70, wherein said stiffening layer comprises composite material based on ceramic-metallic material, metal matrix or hard metal alloys.

72. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 45 or 70, one or more body wherein said also comprises and is placed in the described surface of one or more body and the separation layer between the described coating gone up at least partially or stiffening layer of described body.

73. according to the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating described in claim 72, and wherein said separation layer comprises stainless steel or nickel-base alloy.

The 74. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 45, one or more body wherein said also comprises screw thread.

75. according to the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating described in claim 74, wherein said screw thread coated at least partially.

76. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 74 or 75, also comprise sealing surfaces, wherein said sealing surfaces coated at least partially.

77. according to any one of claim 45,46 or 47 through coating band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units, one or more body wherein said is well constructing device.

78. according to the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating described in claim 77, wherein said well constructing device is selected from: choke, valve, valve seat, oil nozzle, ball valve, annular isolation valve, subsurface safety, centrifuge, elbow, T-shaped pipe, joiner, preventer, wear-resisting axle bush, the dynamic metal-metal seal back and forth and/or in rotating seal component, spring, shock-absorbing connection and bumper jar in safety valve, logging tool arm, rig slip device, ratchet, and above-mentioned combination.

79. according to any one of claim 45,46 or 47 through coating band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units, one or more body wherein said is completion and process units.

80. according to the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating described in claim 79, wherein said completion and process units are selected from: choke, valve, valve seat, oil nozzle, ball valve, inflow control device, smart well valve, annular isolation valve, subsurface safety, centrifuge, gas lifting and chemical product injection valve, elbow, T-shaped pipe, joiner, preventer, wear-resisting axle bush, dynamic metal-metal seal back and forth and/or in rotating seal component, spring in safety valve, shock-absorbing connection and bumper jar, logging tool arm, side pocket, axle, packer slip, packet locking plate, sandstone is popped one's head in, well stream flowmeter, the non-columnar parts of sandstone screen cloth, and above-mentioned combination.

The 81. band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating according to claim 45, one or more sleeve wherein said comprises metal, metal alloy, pottery, ceramet, polymer, carbon steel, Steel Alloy, stainless steel, WC base hard metal or above-mentioned combination.

82. 1 kinds of uses, through the method for the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units of coating, comprising:

There is provided the Oil/gas Well process units through coating, the described Oil/gas Well process units through coating comprises: one or more cylindrical body; And one or more sleeve near the external diameter or internal diameter of one or more cylindrical body described, one or more sleeve wherein said is designed to be assemblied in the tubular part on another parts; And in the coating gone up at least partially of the inner sleeve surface of one or more sleeve described, outer sleeve surface or its combination,

Wherein said coating is selected from based on the composite material of fullerene, diamond-like-carbon (DLC) and above-mentioned combination, and the friction factor of wherein said coating is less than or equal to 0.15, and described coating provides the hardness being greater than 1000VHN, and

The described band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating is utilized in well construction, completion or production operation.

83. methods according to Claim 8 described in 2, one or more cylindrical body wherein said comprises two or more cylindrical body of relative to each other moving.

84. methods according to Claim 8 described in 2, one or more cylindrical body wherein said comprises two or more relative to each other static cylindrical body.

85. methods according to Claim 8 described in 3 or 84, two or more cylindrical body wherein said comprise two or more radiuses.

86. methods according to Claim 8 described in 5, two or more cylindrical body wherein said comprise one or more cylindrical body substantially in one or more other cylindrical body.

87. methods according to Claim 8 described in 5, two or more radiuses wherein said have substantially the same size or substantially different sizes.

88. methods according to Claim 8 described in 5, two or more cylindrical body wherein said are bordered on mutually.

89. methods according to Claim 8 described in 5, two or more cylindrical body wherein said are not bordered on mutually.

90. methods according to Claim 8 described in 8 or 89, two or more cylindrical body wherein said are coaxial or out-of-alignment.

91. according to the method described in claim 90, and two or more out-of-alignment cylindrical body wherein said have the axis of general parallel orientation.

92. methods according to Claim 8 described in 2, one or more cylindrical body wherein said is spirality in internal surface, in outer surface for spirality or be above-mentioned combination.

93. methods according to Claim 8 described in 2, one or more cylindrical body wherein said is solid, hollow or above-mentioned combination.

94. methods according to Claim 8 described in 2, one or more cylindrical body wherein said comprise outer cross, internal cross section or internal cross section and outer cross be automatic adjustment, general oval or at least one cylindrical body polygonal substantially.

95. methods according to Claim 8 described in 2, wherein said coating provides the wear resistance larger than at least 3 times, the device of uncoated.

96. methods according to Claim 8 described in 2, the water contact angle of wherein said coating is greater than 60 degree.

97. methods according to Claim 8 described in 2, wherein said coating provides and is less than 1J/m ²surface energy.

98. methods according to Claim 8 described in 2, wherein said coating comprises single coating layer or two or more coating layers.

99. according to the method described in claim 98, and two or more coating layers wherein said have substantially identical or different coating.

100. according to the method described in claim 98, and the thickness of each layer in the thickness of wherein said single coating layer and two or more coating layers described is from the scope of 0.5 micron to 5000 microns.

101. according to the method described in claim 98, and wherein said coating also comprises one or more buffer layer.

102. according to the method described in claim 101, and one or more buffer layer wherein said is placed between the surface of one or more cylindrical body described and described single coating layer or two or more coating layers described.

103. according to the method described in claim 101, and one or more buffer layer wherein said is selected from following element, alloy, carbide, nitride, carbon-nitride and oxide: silicon, titanium, chromium, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, zirconium or hafnium.

104. methods according to Claim 8 described in 2, the dynamic friction coefficient of wherein said coating is not less than 50% of the static friction coefficient of described coating.

105. methods according to Claim 8 described in 2, the dynamic friction coefficient of wherein said coating is more than or equal to the static friction coefficient of described coating.

106. methods according to Claim 8 described in 2, one or more cylindrical body wherein said also comprises stiffening layer at least a portion.

107. according to the method described in claim 106, and wherein said stiffening layer comprises composite material based on ceramic-metallic material, metal matrix or hard metal alloys.

108. methods according to Claim 8 described in 2 or 106, one or more cylindrical body wherein said also comprises and is placed in the described surface of one or more cylindrical body and the separation layer between the coating gone up at least partially or stiffening layer of described cylindrical body.

109. according to the method described in claim 108, and wherein said separation layer comprises stainless steel or nickel-base alloy.

110. methods according to Claim 8 described in 2, one or more cylindrical body wherein said also comprises screw thread.

111. according to the method described in claim 110, wherein said screw thread coated at least partially.

112. methods according to claim 110 or 111, also comprise sealing surfaces, wherein said sealing surfaces coated at least partially.

113. methods according to Claim 8 according to any one of 2,83 or 84, one or more cylindrical body wherein said is well constructing device.

114. according to the method described in claim 113, and wherein said well constructing device is selected from: the blade rotor of drilling rod, sleeve pipe, oil pipe column, wire rope/kernmantle/multi-core conductor/mono-core conductor/piano wire, coiled tubing and progressive cavity pump and stator, expandable pipe fitting, built-up mandrel, centralizer, contact ring, flushing pipe, the shake screen cloth controlled for solid, fisher and grapple, sea risers, surperficial flowline and above-mentioned combination.

115. methods according to Claim 8 according to any one of 2,83 or 84, one or more cylindrical body wherein said is completion and process units.

116. according to the method described in claim 115, and wherein said completion and process units are selected from: Plunger Lift device; Completion sliding sleeve assembly; Coiled tubing; Sucker rod; Oil pipe column; Pump oil machine; Stuffing box; Sealer and lubriator; Piston and piston bushing; The blade rotor of progressive cavity pump and stator; Expandable pipe fitting; Built-up mandrel; Control pipeline and conduit; The instrument operated in the wellbore; Wire rope/kernmantle/multi-core conductor/mono-core conductor/piano wire; Centralizer; Contact ring; Perforated basepipe; Fluting base tube; For the screen cloth base tube that sandstone controls; Flushing pipe; Ram's horns; For the maintenance tool of gravel pack operation; Blast joint; Be arranged on the sandstone screen cloth in well completion interval; Sandstone with redundancy controls and stops the sandstone screen cloth of compartment; Sintered screen; Wire is wound around screen cloth; For the shake screen cloth that solid controls; Fisher and grapple; Sea risers; Surface flowline; Oil recovery processing pipeline, and above-mentioned combination.

117. methods according to Claim 8 described in 2, wherein said diamond-like-carbon (DLC) is applied by the chemical vapour phase deposition coating coating technique of physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition or plasma asistance.

118. according to the method described in claim 117, and wherein said physical vapor deposition method is selected from: RF-DC plasma reaction magnetron sputtering, ion beam assisted depositing, cathodic arc deposition and pulsed laser deposition.

119. methods according to Claim 8 described in 2, one or more cylindrical body wherein said is pin or the cover link of pipe running tool joint.

120. according to the method described in claim 119, and it is circular nearside cylindrical cross section that one or more cylindrical body wherein said is configured with cross section.

121. according to the method described in claim 119, and it is non-circular nearside cylindrical cross section that one or more cylindrical body wherein said is configured with cross section.

122. according to the method described in claim 119, wherein said pin or cover link be oriented so that relative to gravitational direction, sell towards upper and cover face down.

123. according to the method described in claim 119, and wherein said pin or cover link are oriented so that relative to gravitational direction, and pin faces down and overlaps towards upper.

124. methods according to Claim 8 described in 2, one or more sleeve wherein said comprises metal, metal alloy, pottery, ceramet, polymer, carbon steel, Steel Alloy, stainless steel, WC base hard metal or above-mentioned combination.

125. one kinds of uses, through the method for the band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units of coating, comprising:

There is provided the Oil/gas Well process units through coating, described Oil/gas Well process units comprises: one or more body, and one or more body wherein said does not comprise drill bit; And one or more sleeve near the outer surface or internal surface of one or more body described, one or more sleeve wherein said is designed to be assemblied in the tubular part on another parts; And in the coating gone up at least partially of the inner sleeve surface of one or more sleeve described, outer sleeve surface or its combination,

Wherein said coating is selected from based on the composite material of fullerene, diamond-like-carbon (DLC) and above-mentioned combination, and the friction factor of wherein said coating is less than or equal to 0.15, and described coating provides the hardness being greater than 1000VHN, and

The described band sleeve Oil/gas Well process units through coating is utilized in well construction, completion or production operation.

126. according to the method described in claim 125, and one or more body wherein said comprises two or more bodies relative to each other moved.

127. according to the method described in claim 125, and one or more body wherein said comprises two or more relative to each other static bodies.

128. according to the method described in claim 125, and one or more body wherein said also comprises spherical or complex geometric shapes.

129. according to the method described in claim 128, wherein said complex geometric shapes have for non-columnar shape at least partially.

130. methods according to claim 126 or 127, two or more bodies wherein said comprise substantially at one or more other one or more body intrinsic.

131. methods according to claim 126 or 127, two or more bodies wherein said are bordered on mutually.

132. methods according to claim 126 or 127, two or more bodies wherein said are not bordered on mutually.

133. methods according to claim 126 or 127, two or more bodies wherein said are coaxial or out-of-alignment.

134. according to the method described in claim 125, and one or more body wherein said is solid, hollow or above-mentioned combination.

135. according to the method described in claim 125, one or more body wherein said comprise outer cross, internal cross section or internal cross section and outer cross be automatic adjustment, general oval or at least one body polygonal substantially.

136. according to the method described in claim 125, and wherein said coating provides the wear resistance larger than at least 3 times, the device of uncoated.

137. according to the method described in claim 125, and the water contact angle of wherein said coating is greater than 60 degree.

138. according to the method described in claim 125, and wherein said coating provides and is less than 1J/m ²surface energy.

139. according to the method described in claim 125, and wherein said coating comprises single coating layer or two or more coating layers.

140. according to the method described in claim 139, and two or more coating layers wherein said have substantially identical or different coating.

141. according to the method described in claim 139, and the thickness of each layer in the thickness of wherein said single coating layer and two or more coating layers described is from the scope of 0.5 micron to 5000 microns.

142. according to the method described in claim 139, and wherein said coating also comprises one or more buffer layer.

143. according to the method described in claim 142, and one or more buffer layer wherein said is placed between the surface of one or more body described and described single coating layer or two or more coating layers described.

144. according to the method described in claim 142, and one or more buffer layer wherein said is selected from following element, alloy, carbide, nitride, carbon-nitride and oxide: silicon, titanium, chromium, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, zirconium or hafnium.

145. according to the method described in claim 125, and the dynamic friction coefficient of wherein said coating is not less than 50% of the static friction coefficient of described coating.

146. according to the method described in claim 125, and the dynamic friction coefficient of wherein said coating is more than or equal to the static friction coefficient of described coating.

147. according to the method described in claim 125, and one or more body wherein said also comprises stiffening layer at least a portion.

148. according to the method described in claim 147, and wherein said stiffening layer comprises composite material based on ceramic-metallic material, metal matrix or hard metal alloys.

149. methods according to claim 125 or 147, one or more body wherein said also comprises and is placed in the described surface of one or more body and the separation layer between the described coating gone up at least partially or stiffening layer of described body.

150. according to the method described in claim 149, and wherein said separation layer comprises stainless steel or nickel-base alloy.

151. according to the method described in claim 125, and one or more body wherein said also comprises screw thread.

152. according to the method described in claim 151, wherein said screw thread coated at least partially.

153. methods according to claim 151 or 152, also comprise sealing surfaces, wherein said sealing surfaces coated at least partially.

154. methods according to any one of claim 125,126 or 127, one or more body wherein said is well constructing device.

155. according to the method described in claim 154, and wherein said well constructing device is selected from: choke, valve, valve seat, oil nozzle, ball valve, annular isolation valve, subsurface safety, centrifuge, elbow, T-shaped pipe, joiner, preventer, wear-resisting axle bush, the dynamic metal-metal seal back and forth and/or in rotating seal component, spring, shock-absorbing connection and the bumper jar in safety valve, logging tool arm, rig slip device, ratchet and above-mentioned combination.

156. methods according to any one of claim 125,126 or 127, one or more body wherein said is completion and process units.

157. according to the method described in claim 156, wherein said completion and process units are selected from: choke, valve, valve seat, oil nozzle, ball valve, inflow control device, smart well valve, annular isolation valve, subsurface safety, centrifuge, gas lifting and chemical product injection valve, elbow, T-shaped pipe, joiner, preventer, wear-resisting axle bush, dynamic metal-metal seal back and forth and/or in rotating seal component, spring in safety valve, shock-absorbing connection and bumper jar, logging tool arm, side pocket, axle, packer slip, packet locking plate, sandstone is popped one's head in, well stream flowmeter, the non-columnar parts of sandstone screen cloth, and above-mentioned combination.

158. according to the method described in claim 125, and wherein said diamond-like-carbon (DLC) is applied by the chemical vapour phase deposition coating coating technique of physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition or plasma asistance.

159. according to the method described in claim 158, and wherein said physical vapor deposition method is selected from: RF-DC plasma reaction magnetron sputtering, ion beam assisted depositing, cathodic arc deposition and pulsed laser deposition.

160. according to the method described in claim 125, and one or more sleeve wherein said comprises metal, metal alloy, pottery, ceramet, polymer, carbon steel, Steel Alloy, stainless steel, WC base hard metal or above-mentioned combination.