CN102906555A

CN102906555A - Methods, devices, and systems for detecting properties of target samples

Info

Publication number: CN102906555A
Application number: CN2011800092968A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 罗伊·E·麦卡利斯特
Original assignee: McAlister Technologies LLC
Current assignee: McAlister Technologies LLC
Priority date: 2010-02-13
Filing date: 2011-02-14
Publication date: 2013-01-30
Anticipated expiration: 2031-02-14
Also published as: EP2534462A2; WO2011100718A3; CN102906555B; WO2011100718A2

Abstract

Systems and methods for collecting portions of a target sample are disclosed herein. A method for detecting the presence and/or properties of a target sample can include selectively collecting a portion of a target sample with a sample collector and detecting, with the sample collector, the presence of one or more properties of the microscopic portion of the target sample. The method also includes analyzing, with the sample collector, the one or more properties of the microscopic portion of the target sample. Based on the analysis, the method further includes reporting, from the sample collector, a real-time indication of the analysis of the one or more properties of the target sample. The method can also include at least partially removing the microscopic portion of the target sample from the sample collector.; The methods and systems disclosed herein can be used, for example, in systems or environments directed to quality assurance, preventative maintenance, safety, hazard warnings, homeland security, chemical identification and surveillance, and/or other suitable environments.

Description

Method, apparatus and system for detection of the target sample attribute

The cross reference of related application

The application requires U.S. Patent application No.61/304 that submit to, that be entitled as " FULL SPECTRUM ENERGY AND RESOURCE INDEPENDENCE " on February 13rd, 2010,403 right of priority and rights and interests.The application submitted, is entitled as the U.S. Patent application No.12/806 of " METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR DETECTION OF PROPERTIES OF FLUID CONVEYANCE SYSTEMS " on August 16th, 2010,634 part continuity, this application No.12/806,634 require U.S. Provisional Application No.61/304 that submit to, that be entitled as " FULL SPECTRUM ENERGY AND RESOURCE INDEPENDENCE " on February 13rd, 2010,403 right of priority and rights and interests.U.S. Patent application No.12/806,634 also is the part continuity of following every a application: on February 17th, 2010 U.S. Patent application No.12/707 that submit to, that be entitled as " ELECTROLYTIC CELL AND METHOD OF USE THEREOF ", 651; PCT application that submit to, that be entitled as " ELECTROLYTIC CELL AND METHOD OF USE THEREOF " on February 17th, 2010 No.PCT/US10/24497; The U.S. Patent application No.12/707 that submitted on February 17th, 2010, be entitled as " APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING NUCLEATION DURING ELECTROLYSIS ", 653; PCT application that submit to, that be entitled as " APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING NUCLEATION DURING ELECTROLYSIS " on February 17th, 2010 No.PCT/US10/24498; The U.S. Patent application No.12/707 that submitted on February 17th, 2010, be entitled as " APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR GAS CAPTURE DURING ELECTROLYSIS ", 656; With PCT application that submit to, that be entitled as " APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING NUCLEATION DURING ELECTROLYSIS " on February 17th, 2010 No.PCT/US10/24499, every a right of priority and the rights and interests that require following application of these applications: on February 17th, 2009 U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/153 that submit to, that be entitled as " FULL SPECTRUM ENERGY ", 253; The U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/237 that submitted on August 27th, 2009, be entitled as " ELECTROLYZER AND ENERGY INDEPENDENCE TECHNOLOGIES ", 476; Submitted on February 13rd, 2010, be entitled as " FULL SPECTRUM ENERGYAND RESOURCE INDEPENDENCE " U.S. Provisional Application No.61/304,403.These apply for that every portion is included in herein by quoting in full.For aforementioned application and/or the disclosure that is included in by reference any other material and this paper statement herein conflict, the disclosure in the literary composition is top dog.

Technical field

Disclosure general guide is for detection of the target sample existence of part and/or the method, apparatus and system of attribute.

Background technology

Joint be used for to connect two objects, such as, the equipment that is communicated with described pipe fitting fluid of pipe fitting and being conducive to for example.An example of this equipment is valve.Joint also can be used for termination or plug open or hole.In addition, joint must keep sealing for leaking, and satisfies simultaneously the various design standardss about for example pressure, temperature and vibration.

May have that providing of advantage may cause leaking or the early stage state-detection of initial stage leak condition, purpose is to specify automatic anti-fault operation and/or preventive maintenance.

At present, the connection between the joint may be leaked easily.Because oxygenant, odorant, medicinal fluid, fuel, noxious material or other unhappy or undesirable substance escapings, leakage may cause dangerous situation.Leakage may cause losing valuable material or relate to process appearance interruption accurate and that capacity is carried predetermined substance.Except the O shape ring that forms sealing between the joint or pad degeneration, leakage may be from the mechanical relaxation that connects.A kind of common lax reason may be thermal cycle or the vibration that comprises the system of joint.

Summary of the invention

Embodiment general guide of the present disclosure described in the literary composition is used for monitoring and/or detects the method for one or more attributes of target material sample, unit, system etc.Embodiment more of the present disclosure, for example instruct to collect the result that attribute, the report of the existence of target sample of target sample, test section of capacity and/or evaluating objects sample detect and/or analyze and remove alternatively target sample, repeat or the extra sample of circulating collection allowing.As following detailed explanation, sample size that can Collection and analysis may be the very little of target sample or trickle part, comprises for example molecular level or the microcosmic part of target sample.According to one or more factors of the attribute of relevant target sample existence or target sample, disclosed method, apparatus and system can respond and detect and/or analyze the indication that suitable action or processing are provided in the literary composition.The system of networking as described herein and sensor array can be used for various suitable environment, comprise for example point to quality assurance, preventive maintenance, (comprise trend analysis) safely, the environment of warning against danger (comprising bolt down procedure), chemical identification and supervision, environmental monitoring and/or Homeland Security.

In certain embodiments, for example, system responses described in the literary composition detects position and/or concentration or the attribute of target sample and undesirable sample, and carrying out provides the indication that needs maintenance or other correct actions.In further embodiments, system described in the literary composition can provide the relevant attribute that detects or the control event of target sample existence.For example, in one embodiment, system can prevent particular fluid (for example, medicine, fuel etc.) dispersion, detects undesirable attribute or composition if this system comprises in for example wrong fluid at this fluid.As described in detail below, method of the present disclosure, equipment, system etc. utilize some diverse ways to detect and/or evaluating objects sample existence or attribute, and transmit or otherwise provide the relevant information that detects target sample existence or attribute.Therefore, the disclosure is pointed to various application, comprises for example drug delivery; Fuel is carried; Tire pressure is regulated; Pressurization hydrogen supply and/or oxygen; The security system that is used for automobile and truck industry; The tracker that is used for international and internal transportation; The security system that is used for the rock gas network; Storage tank and pipeline; Homeland Security comprises warning against danger, is used for the airport, the wide area network sensor link array of public building, hospital, public transportation system; Police's narco-traffic identification, military dangerous discernment, industrial pollutants EPA identification, discharging report, carbon credit tracking and report, food chain transport, medical transport and monitoring and measuring application etc.In addition, system and method described in the literary composition provides adaptive management and control for one or more attributes of real-time and circulating collection, analysis and reporting objectives sample.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is according to the system of embodiment configuration of the present disclosure or the synoptic diagram of sensor;

Fig. 2 A is the process flow diagram according to the method for embodiment configuration of the present disclosure;

Fig. 2 B is according to embodiment of the present disclosure configuration and at the process flow diagram of the part of the method shown in Fig. 2 A;

Fig. 3 A is schematic molecular structure, and Fig. 3 B is the synoptic diagram of stacked sheet material that the molecular structure of the bed of material that the crystal matrix according to embodiment of the present disclosure configuration characterizes is shown;

Fig. 3 C to 3E and 3G are side cross-sectional view, and Fig. 3 F be according to embodiment of the present disclosure dispose parallel and the isolated bed of material counter structure structure etc. the shaft section view;

Fig. 4 A to 4C is the schematic section side view according to the part of the system of embodiment configuration of the present disclosure;

Fig. 5 A and 5B are the schematic side elevations according to the system of extra embodiment configuration of the present disclosure;

Fig. 6 A is according to the network of embodiment configuration of the present disclosure or the synoptic diagram of system;

Fig. 6 B and 6C are the process flow diagrams according to the method for extra embodiment configuration of the present disclosure;

Fig. 7 A is the side view that connects assembly according to embodiment configuration of the present disclosure;

Fig. 7 B is basically along the side cross-sectional view of the line 7B-7B of Fig. 7 A intercepting;

Fig. 7 C is the axonometric drawing that waits that connects assembly of Fig. 7 A;

Fig. 8 A is the side view that connects assembly according to another kind of embodiment configuration of the present disclosure;

Fig. 8 B is basically along the side cross-sectional view of the line 8B-8B of Fig. 8 A intercepting;

Fig. 8 C is the enlarged detail of the part of Fig. 8 B;

Fig. 8 D is the axonometric drawing that waits that connects assembly of Fig. 8 A;

Fig. 9 A is the side cross-sectional, view according to the assembly of another kind of embodiment configuration of the present disclosure;

Fig. 9 B and 9C are the enlarged details of the part of Fig. 9 A;

Fig. 9 D is the decomposition view of the assembly of Fig. 9 A;

Fig. 9 E is the side-looking partial section according to the system of embodiment configuration of the present disclosure;

Fig. 9 F is the synoptic diagram according to the applied environment of the detecting device of embodiment configuration of the present disclosure;

Figure 10 is the synoptic diagram according to the fluid conduit system of embodiment configuration of the present disclosure;

Figure 11 is the synoptic diagram according to the Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) of embodiment configuration of the present disclosure;

Figure 12 shows the another kind of environment that comprises according to the sensor of another kind of embodiment of the present disclosure;

Figure 13 shows the electrolytic cell that comprises according to the sensor of another kind of embodiment of the present disclosure.

Embodiment

The application comprises U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.60/626 that submit to, that be entitled as " MULTIFUEL STORAGE; METERING AND IGNITION SYSTEM " (procurator's document No.69545-8302US) on November 9th, 2004,021 subject content by quoting in full.The application is by quoting in full the subject content that comprises every a U.S. Patent application of submitting on August 16th, 1: be entitled as " COMPREHENSIVE COST MODELING OF AUTOGENOUS SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY, MATERIAL RESOURCES AND NUTRIENT REGIMES " (procurator's document No.69545-8506US); Be entitled as " ELECTROLYTIC CELL AND METHOD OF USE THEREOF " (procurator's document No.69545-8106US); Be entitled as " SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT THROUGH INTEGRATED PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY; MATERIALS RESOURCES, AND NUTRIENT REGIMES " (procurator's document No.69545-8501US); Be entitled as " SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT THROUGH INTEGRATED FULL SPECTRUM PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY " (procurator's document No.69545-8502US); Be entitled as " SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTTHROUGH INTEGRATED FULL SPECTRUM PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE MATERIAL RESOURCES " (procurator's document No.69545-8503US); Be entitled as " METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF SUPPLEMENTED OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION (SOTEC) " (procurator's document No.69545-9601US); Be entitled as " GAS HYDRATE CONVERSION SYSTEM FOR HARVESTING HYDROCARBON HYDRATE DEPOSITS " (procurator's document No.69545-9701US); Be entitled as " APPARATUSES AND METHODS FOR STORING AND/OR FILTERING A SUBSTANCE " (procurator's document No.69545-8046US); Be entitled as " ENERGY SYSTEM FOR DWELLING SUPPORT " (procurator's document No.69545-8504US); Be entitled as " ENERGY CONVERSION ASSEMBLIES AND ASSOCIATED METHODS OF USE AND MANUFACTURE " (procurator's document No.69545-9401US); And be entitled as " INTERNALLY REINFORCED STRUCTURAL COMPOSITES AND ASSOCIATED METHODS OF MANUFACTURING " (69545-9201US).

A. guidance is used for the method and system of collection, sensing, report and/or removing target sample partly The embodiment general introduction

This paper describes be used to the method that the information that relates to target sample particular community and/or existence is provided, unit, system and associated components.In certain embodiments, these method and systems provide and have related to target sample attribute, target sample state, target sample existence and/or other any suitable attributes relevant with target sample or " confidential informant " or the feedback indication of other types of feature.Just as used herein, the term target sample can comprise wishes or is intended to any material of detecting and/or analyzing, comprises the part of microcosmic, molecular level or the atom level of material.In addition, as used herein, the term fluid is intended to describe the flowable materials of any type, comprises such as liquid, gas, plasma etc.

In certain embodiments, disclosed method, system and associated components provide the target existence and/or about the indication of the particular community of target in the literary composition.In one embodiment, for example, disclosed system and method can detect and provide the indication of the system leak of target sample such as fluid from carrying this fluid in the literary composition.More particularly, described method and system can comprise sensor or the indicator of judging the leakage time of origin and fluid leakage indication such as signal or alarm being provided.In addition, just as described in detail below, leak that indication (perhaps detecting target sample exists or other attributes) can provide in the stage very early or provide in leakage initial stage (for example, molecular level or atom level) level.In addition, the method and system of describing in the literary composition can respond the request signal of orientation sensor or indicator and detect leakage.In this way, the embodiment that describes in the literary composition can provide early detection for undesirable leakage or any other attribute or the state relevant with target sample.

Therefore, be substituted in and do not have doubting people to wake up, do not have by chance gravedo and accidental ask " rotten egg " taste and clearheaded the acquisition before the alarm, odorant in rock gas or the propane infiltrates in the air of residence, and present disclosure is by leakage or other detection-phases provide indication or alarm to prevent this delay in the early stage.In certain embodiments, described method and system can utilize the molecule of the relatively small amount of the target sample of having collected or otherwise having accumulated such as for example process seal to come the judgement initial stage to detect, and therefore causes immediately alarm and/or require maintenance.In addition, according to the indicated trend of comparative assessment by collection rate analysis and related concrete chemistry, can regulate urgency level and corresponding suitably response.If system detects enough large collection rates of amplitude, for example, system can provide requirement to safeguard immediately or the indication of other action.But if system detects the collection rate that is lower than predetermined amplitude, then service system can provide the indication that target sample existence or other attributes exist, but may not need to safeguard immediately.In addition, as what explain in detail referring to embodiment of the present disclosure, system can detect, analyze or some attributes of measurement target sample otherwise, thereby judges the control event that is used for target sample stream (for example, flow).For example, if system detects the impurity in the fuel, perhaps system detects wrong fluid type, and then system can stop fuel flow or change fluid flow.

Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram according to the system 100 of embodiment configuration of the present disclosure.As following detailed explanation, system 100 can be sensor or the detecting device that isolates, and a plurality of parts or the part that configuration is used for existence and/or the attribute of one or more target samples of sensing and provides the target sample sensing to indicate is provided for described sensor or detecting device.More particularly, system 100 comprises gatherer part 102 and sensing part 104.In certain embodiments, sensing part 106 can comprise detector portion 106 and analysis part 108.System 100 further comprises communication or control section 110 and remover part 112.In certain embodiments, communication or control section 109 can comprise report device part 110 and/or controller part 111.These parts or the parts of system 100 are schematically illustrated in Fig. 1.Although these parts schematically are shown as independent part, some in these parts or all can be merged into single part.For example, although remover part 112 schematically is illustrated as the separate part that separates with gatherer part 102, but in certain embodiments, gatherer part 102 can be configured to carry out the function of remover part 112, perhaps otherwise integrated with remover part 112, and/or partly integrated with other of system 100.Like this, although schematically be shown as independent parts or part, for any gatherer part 102, sensing part 104, communication or the control section 109 described in the literary composition and/or the citation of remover part 112, also can comprise any other appropriate section of system 100 and the citation of parts.In addition, these parts each can with other appropriate sections of system 100 in some or all communicate, as schematically showing among Fig. 1.Some features of the function of these parts of system 100 will be described with reference to Fig. 2 A and 2B below.In addition, system 100 shown in Figure 1 also can be called sensor or the sensor of informing against in the text.

As following detailed description, the parts of system 100 (for example gatherer part 102, Sensor section 104, communication or control section 109 and/or remover part 112) are configured to collect, analyze and otherwise use a small amount of part of interested target sample equally.For example, the microcosmic of target sample, a small amount of, molecular scale or even the part of atomic scale can be collected or accumulate to gatherer part 102 selectively.In addition, the target sample of microcosmic part is the relatively trickle part of target sample itself.Therefore, do not need a large amount of target samples to judge existence or its attribute of target sample.In addition, Sensor section 104 can detect the existence of target sample, perhaps otherwise the molecular moiety of automatic analysis target sample is (namely, in case gatherer part 102 has accumulated described part, then Sensor section 104 can make an immediate response this part existence and sense existence or the attribute of this part).Therefore, except the ability with a small amount of sample of Collection and analysis, system 100 itself can be used as microscopic system or other relatively small-sized systems.In addition, communication or control section 109 can provide in real time, at once or other forms of instantaneous indication, perhaps sample collection and analysis report.For example, selectively transmitted signal or other suitable indications of providing relevant target sample to collect, detect and/or analyze of report device part 110.In addition, controller part 111 can provide Adaptive Control to sample collection, analysis, report and/or removing, and provides other information according to these action, such as the indication of the trend of collecting or analyzing.For example, indication or the collection rate of collecting amount can process or otherwise provide according to the trickle storage of the target sample part that is collected and analyzes to controller part 111.In certain embodiments, controller 111 can comprise processor and/or storer, and described storer is used for storing computer-readable instruction and is used for information (for example, the trend of sample collection, speed and/or the quantity of storing relevant Collection and analysis; Sample type; Sample collection position etc.).Communications portion 109 can send information and from its reception information, comprises and for example take concrete action in response to telepilot to telepilot.In addition, communications portion 109 can comprise internal clocking or external clock, is used to indicate target sample sampling rate (for example, collect and/or remove).In addition, just as described in detail below, system 100 can be used for or be arranged in network or the matrix of similar system, and described similar system can communicate with one another and communicate by letter with central controller.

Fig. 2 A is according to the process of embodiment configuration of the present disclosure or the process flow diagram of method 200.Method 200 can be implemented, control or otherwise realize with reference to the described one or more systems 100 of Fig. 1 by above.With reference to Fig. 2 A, method 200 comprises the target sample (square 222) of collecting part.Just as described in detail below, the target sample of collecting described part can comprise to be collected or the microcosmic part of accumulation target sample, such as the part of the molecular dimension of for example target sample.Just as described further below, the gatherer part 102 of Fig. 1 can be utilized multiple technologies, comprises for example any following technology and/or application, collects target sample: the custom-designed surface that is used for molecular filtration; Utilize that refraction coefficient carries out that optical analysis, capillary action, thermal analysis, suction-operated, absorption, adhesion are collected, hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties analysis, the modulation of nanometer wireless frequency etc.Can be applied to several in these technology of gatherer part 102 of Fig. 1, and some representational environment, will be described in detail with reference to the residue accompanying drawing below.

Shown in Fig. 2 A, after the target sample of having collected described part, method 200 further comprises one or more attributes (square 224) of sensed object sample.The sensing of method 220 can be implemented by the sensing part 104 of the system 100 of Fig. 1, and this detecting part divides and comprises detector portion 106 and analyzer part 108.For example, and shown in Fig. 2 B of a part that shows method 200 shown in Fig. 2 A, the sensing step of method 220 (square 224) can comprise substep or the sub-process of one or more attributes (square 227) of one or more attributes (square 225) of detecting target sample and evaluating objects sample alternatively.In certain embodiments, detect the existence of the sample that is collected or detect the abundant target sample of accumulation volume, enough satisfy the purpose of sensing target sample.But in some other embodiment, what may wish or have advantage is, for specific object or indicator and analyze the target sample of described part.In addition, the step of one or more attributes of sensing sample may only need the target sample of the part of a small amount of or molecular dimension.In further embodiments, the sensing step of method 220 (square 224) may depend on used mechanism or the method for target sample (for example, at square 222) of collecting described part.In addition, sensing can comprise the comparative assessment of analyzing by the specific chemistry of the indicated trend of target sample collection rate or target sample.Below describe in detail and be used for sensing (for example, detect and/or analyze) the suitable parts of target sample and some embodiment of configuration.

Method 220 further comprises the detection of the target sample of reporting described part and/or the indication of analysis (square 226).The reporting step of method 220 can be implemented by the report device part 110 of the system of Fig. 1.In certain embodiments, report can comprise to controller or the transmission of another similar system or (for example transmit, via wired or wireless media), the analysis result of the existence of the target sample that indication is detected or one or more attributes of target sample.In some other embodiment, signal can comprise the indication in response to the suitable action that senses target sample.For example, signal can comprise the information about the preventive maintenance that relates to target sample or security, and the information that relates to position, quantity, concentration or other attributes of target sample.In addition, report signal can send along with the sensed object sample or otherwise send in real time immediately, and perhaps report signal can store and subsequently emission.The below will describe in detail for the suitable parts of the indication of the detection of reporting objectives sample or analysis and some embodiment of configuration.

Method 220 can further comprise alternatively removes the target sample (square 228) that at least a portion is collected.Removing can be implemented by the remover part 112 of the system 100 of Fig. 1.In certain embodiments, the target sample part that is collected can be eliminated or eliminate, to allow to collect in addition new target sample part.But in further embodiments, target sample can not removed.The below will describe in detail and be used for removing the suitable parts of target sample and some embodiment of mechanism.In addition, according to embodiment of the present disclosure, all or part of step of the method 220 shown in Fig. 2 A and the 2B can be cycled to repeat, and shown in arrow 229, is used for continuous or automatically collection, analysis, report and/or removing.As following, embodiment of the present disclosure comprises the specific characteristic that allows Collection and analysis microcosmic target sample to be used for real-time report and Adaptive Control.

The reality of Structural Tectonics that B. can be used for gatherer, sensor, report device and/or the remover of system Execute example and feature

As above described referring to figs. 1 through 2B, gatherer part 102 is configured to gather, accumulate, attract or otherwise collect the target sample of part.According to embodiment more of the present disclosure, gatherer part 102 can utilize simultaneously in the U.S. Patent application of submitting to, be entitled as " ARCHITECTURAL CONSTRUCT HAVING FOR EXAMPLE A PLURALITY OF ARCHITECTURAL CRYSTALS " (procurator's document No.69545.8701.US00) disclosed Structural Tectonics to realize at least in part.For example, Structural Tectonics can be characterized by the composite matrix of crystal and consist of, and this matrix characterizes and can specialized designs be used for (1) calorifics attribute, (2) electromagnetism, optics and acoustic properties, (3) catalysis attribute, (4) capillary attribute and (5) absorption attribute that realization is wished.Structural Tectonics can be designed to adopt some or whole these attributes such as collecting predetermined target sample for specific application.The behavior of this Structural Tectonics is depended on its composition, is positioned at surface structure, its surface orientation, its adulterant on its bed of material and is applied to its lip-deep coating (comprising catalyzer).When it was configured to the bed of material, the device of its bed of material was also depended on distance piece between its thickness of feed layer, its bed of material, separates the distance of its bed of material and is used for supporting its bed of material and/or separates in its behavior.Structural Tectonics is to be designed to be convenient to the macrostructure that the nanoscale microcosmic is processed.From the angle of macroscopic view, it can be configured to have specific density, elastic modulus and/or section modulus.And it can be designed to the angle from microcosmic, and it can be used as molecular processor, electric charge processor and/or biological processor.

Can be configured in many ways by the gatherer part 102 that consists of for the Structural Tectonics of collecting a part of target sample at least in part.For example, the deviser can be arranged to it solid block (for example, being arranged to the bed of material of a plurality of monatomic thickness stacked on top of each other), is arranged to a plurality of isolated bed of materials, these bed of materials are thin as an atom respectively, perhaps are arranged to represent by it other structures of attribute of expectation.The deviser also can utilize mix described Structural Tectonics or apply its surface of material, and mixing and applying causes respectively its behavior to be different from originally due mode.Schematically, Fig. 3 A is the molecular schematic diagram of the bed of material 330a that characterizes of the crystal matrix of Structural Tectonics.Bed of material 330a can comprise carbon, boron nitride or another kind of suitably material.For example, crystal matrix sign 100 can be graphene layer.Be similar to the crystal matrix sign bed of material shown in Figure 1A and can be configured to Structural Tectonics by customizing the described bed of material, be arranged to specific structure so that the structure that produces represents specific attribute such as the described bed of material of doping or with this bed of material and other bed of materials.The bed of material 330a that forms the crystal matrix sign of Structural Tectonics can be configured to stack together and form than 1 bed of material (for example, the stacked formation graphite of Graphene) and/or specific distance that is spaced apart from each other that atom is thicker.In addition, the bed of material of Structural Tectonics can relative to each other be orientated in different ways.

Fig. 3 B is the schematic Molecular Graphs (the first bed of material 330a is shown in broken lines in Fig. 3 B) of the Structural Tectonics of the second bed of material 330b of comprising that the crystal matrix on the first bed of material 330a that the crystal matrix that is stacked in Fig. 3 A characterizes characterizes.Associating is with reference to Fig. 3 A and 3B, and the bed of material is made of Graphene, and Graphene is the smooth carbon plate of atomic thickness.In some embodiments, except carbon, the sheet material that the crystal matrix of monatomic thickness characterizes also is made of another kind of material, such as boron nitride.In a further embodiment, Structural Tectonics can be configured to solid block.The solid block Structural Tectonics can be made of for example graphite or boron nitride.The Structural Tectonics that is configured to solid block comprises the bed of material of a plurality of monatomic thickness that stack together.Be configured to the Structural Tectonics of solid block by custom-made, meaning is that it is changed and has specific behavior or a predetermined function of performance.In some embodiments, by mixing or relative to each other being orientated to customize solid block with ad hoc fashion by the bed of material with its monatomic thickness.

In some embodiments, when first and second bed of materials of Structural Tectonics are configured to observe from the top, the atom vertical alignment of the atom of first bed of material and second bed of material.For example, by the molecule of the Structural Tectonics that consists of of two bed of materials of in this way alignment, from above when observing, will look like the first bed of material 330a of the Structural Tectonics of Fig. 3 A.In further embodiments, first bed of material can be with respect to second bed of material rotation, 30 degree.In some embodiments, first bed of material of Structural Tectonics comprises the first material, and such as carbon, and second bed of material of Structural Tectonics comprises the second material, such as boron nitride.Consisted of or the bed of material that mixes may seem uneven by different material, because larger molecule is so that the flat surfaces warpage.Be described in further detail as following, some attributes of Structural Tectonics are subject to the impact of its bed of material orientation relative to each other.For example, the deviser can with respect to second bed of material rotation of structure or first bed of material of offset configuration, so that this structure represents specific optical properties, comprise specific grating.In addition, by molecule being moved to the thermal treatment of specific orientation, perhaps by the crystal moment of torsion in the process of peeling off, when the bed of material deposits, apply and follow the tracks of the crystal modification agent, such as neon, argon or helium, the bed of material of Structural Tectonics can relative to each other be oriented in certain position (that is, such as above skew and/or the rotation of discussing with reference to Figure 1A-C).

Structural Tectonics according to embodiment of the present disclosure configuration can be made of one matter (for example, Graphene, boron nitride etc.), and perhaps it can be by mixing other materials or customize with other substance reactions.For example, the Structural Tectonics that is made of Graphene can have the zone of reacting with boron, thereby forms stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric subset.Graphene can utilize nitrogen to customize, and can be made of the Graphene with nitrogen interface and boron nitride Graphene.In certain embodiments, can be on the basis of this Structural Tectonics construction compound.For example, from the boron nitride interface, the deviser can construct the magnalium boron compound.By customizing Structural Tectonics in these modes, than the structure that only is made of a kind of material, the deviser can create a kind of structure that represents different attribute.

The Structural Tectonics that comprises the parallel bed of material that is spaced apart from each other can produce widely attribute and the many effects of realization.For example, Fig. 3 C is the side cross-sectional view that is configured to the Structural Tectonics 330c of the bed of material 331 that parallel interval opens, and this structure can be made of the material of any amount, such as Graphene, graphite or boron nitride.The parallel bed of material 331 can be rectangle, circle or other suitable shapes.In Fig. 3 C, the bed of material 331 comprises opening or hole, by described opening or hole, and stay pipe 332 support structure configuration 330c.The bed of material 331 is partition distance D respectively, produces zone 333 between the bed of material 331.The single bed of material 331 of Structural Tectonics 330c can be made into has any suitable thickness.In Fig. 3 C, for example, each parallel bed of material 331 can be monatomic thickness.For example, each bed of material can be graphene sheet.In some embodiments, the bed of material of Structural Tectonics is thicker than an atom.In other embodiments, the bed of material 331 can have different-thickness, and spaced apart different distance.

For example, Fig. 3 D is the side cross-sectional view with Structural Tectonics 330d of the different a plurality of bed of materials 331 of thickness or width.In certain embodiments, the bed of material 331 is thicker than an atom respectively.But in further embodiments, some bed of materials 331 can only have the thickness of several atoms, and other bed of materials 331 can be thicker, such as 20 more than the atom.More particularly, the bed of material 331 can comprise first group of 332a of the relatively thin bed of material 331, and second group of 332b of the relatively thick bed of material 331.According to the additional features of illustrated embodiment, the bed of material 331 of first group of 332a can comprise the first distance B between the adjacent bed of material 331 ₁, the first distance B ₁Greater than the second distance D between the adjacent bed of material 331 of second group of 332b ₂These spacing distances correspondingly produce zone 333 between the adjacent bed of material 331.Fig. 3 E is the side cross-sectional view of Structural Tectonics 330e with a plurality of bed of materials 331 of the roughly the same but different distance that is spaced apart from each other of thickness.For example, the bed of material 331 of the first group of 332a second distance D2 of the first distance B 1, the first distance B 1 less than the corresponding bed of material 331 of spaced apart second group of 332b that can be spaced apart from each other.Fig. 3 E also shows the zone 333 between the adjacent bed of material 331.Size is determined according to the spacing distance between the bed of material 331 in zone 333, has therefore for example produced in second group of 332b than zone 222 larger in first group of 332a.

The axle partial views such as cross section of the Structural Tectonics that the concentric tube-shaped bed of material 331 that Fig. 3 F is characterized by crystal matrix consists of.For example, the first bed of material 331a of Structural Tectonics 330f is tubulose, and has the diameter greater than adjacent the second bed of material 331b.Structural Tectonics 350f can comprise in this way isolated a plurality of concentric bed of material.

Next forward Fig. 3 G to, Fig. 3 G is the lateral section partial side view that the Structural Tectonics 330g of the some distance pieces 334 between the adjacent bed of material 331 is shown.In certain embodiments, distance piece can be by formations such as titanium (for example, formation is with the titanium carbide of the Graphene bed of material), iron (for example, formation is with the cementite of the Graphene bed of material), boron, nitrogen.In order to form the structure shown in Fig. 3 G, in some embodiments, on the surface of each bed of material 331, gas is carried out dehydrogenation, thereby produce distance piece 334, wherein each molecule is by dehydrogenation.For example, after the bed of material 331 of Structural Tectonics 330g peels off, can heat methane on the surface of the bed of material 331, this will cause the methane molecule division and deposit carbon atom on the surface of the bed of material 331.Molecule by dehydrogenation is larger, and the interval or the distance piece 334 that then produce are larger.For example, each molecule has the propane of 3 carbon atoms, will have than each molecule the larger distance piece 334 of methane generation of 1 carbon atom.In some embodiments, distance piece 334 is surface structures, such as nanotube and nanometer roll, and this surface structure transferring heat and be conducive to material is loaded among the Structural Tectonics 330g.Comprise the Structural Tectonics of such surface structure at U.S. Patent application No.12/857, describe in 515 that this patented claim is included in herein by quoting in full.

The Structural Tectonics that comprises above-mentioned arbitrary structures can adopt the variety of way form, as U.S. Patent application and the U.S. Patent No. 6 submitted at the same time, be entitled as " ARCHITECTURAL CONSTRUCT HAVING FOR EXAMPLE A PLURALITY OF ARCHITECTURAL CRYSTALS " (procurator's document No.69545.8701.US00), 503,584 and U.S. Patent application No.12/857 co-pending, describe in detail in 515, these patent documents are included in herein by quoting in full.These methods for example can comprise by in framework to gas (for example, hydrocarbon) dehydrogenation forms first bed of material, and before on distance piece or the surface structure gas dehydrogenation being formed second bed of material, to material (for example, titanium carbide) dehydrogenation and form distance piece at the inner surface of this bed of material forms the bed of material or Structural Tectonics thus.Then deposit in a similar manner the follow-up bed of material.Additive method can comprise monocrystal is processed into intended shape and monocrystal is peeled off into the bed of material.Other schemes can comprise and are diffused into fluid (for example hydrogen) in the crystal and peel off the bed of material from this crystal.These bed of materials can leave preset distance from the adjacent bed of material and peel off.In addition, distance piece or surface structure also can be deposited between the bed of material.

Disclosed and submit to simultaneously and be included in some features, that be entitled as disclosed Structural Tectonics in " ARCHITECTURAL CONSTRUCT HAVING FOR EXAMPLE A PLURALITY OF ARCHITECTURAL CRYSTALS " (procurator's document No.69545.8701.US00) U.S. Patent application herein and can design particularly by quoting in full in the literary composition, to realize as above with reference to collection, sensing, the report of the described system 100 of Fig. 1 and/or to remove feature.For example, Structural Tectonics can be designed so that it has specific density, elastic modulus and section modulus.These macrofeatures affect the attribute that Structural Tectonics shows in microcosmic point.More particularly, the density of Structural Tectonics is defined as the quality of per unit volume, and density may be subject to many different effect of parameters.A parameter is the composition that crystal matrix characterizes.For example, the general density of boron nitride crystal is higher than graphite crystal.Another parameter is the distance of the bed of material of separation structure structure.The interval that increases or reduce between the bed of material will correspondingly increase or reduce the density of Structural Tectonics.Be spaced apart among the embodiment that part separates at its bed of material, but the density of Structural Tectonics also will be separated the embodiment that does not use distance piece similarly greater than the bed of material.The adulterant that adds in the Structural Tectonics also will affect density (for example, dopant content is higher, and then corresponding density is larger).

The another kind of attribute of Structural Tectonics that can specific design is elastic modulus, and elastic modulus is the trend (for example, being defined as the slope of the stress-strain curve in its elastic deformation zone) that elastic deformation occurs when it is subject to acting force.Be similar to its density, the elastic modulus of Structural Tectonics partly depends on its thickness of feed layer, their interval and their composition.Its elastic modulus will depend on also how relative to each other fixing the bed of material is.For example, if the bed of material is supported by pipe core or support member, then the amount of the general elastic deformation of the single bed of material is relative to each other utilized the fixing situation of distance piece greater than them.When distance piece with two bed of materials relative to each other fixedly the time, when pressure is applied to arbitrary bed of material, each bed of material will strengthen another corresponding bed of material, thus the deflection that decay is caused by given acting force.The amount that each bed of material strengthens each other depends on that partly the closeness of distance piece between the bed of material and the rigidity that distance piece keeps together the bed of material have much.

The additional attribute of Structural Tectonics that can specific design is section modulus, and section modulus is that the second area square in the intensity of Structural Tectonics or cross section is with respect to the ratio of limit conpressed fibers apart from the distance of neutral axis.The section modulus of Structural Tectonics will depend on the size and dimension of each bed of material of Structural Tectonics.The density of Structural Tectonics, elastic modulus and section modulus, and other macroscopical attributes can be constant in the textural maintenance of total, and perhaps they can be according to sections or periodically change.Density, elastic modulus or section modulus as Structural Tectonics can affect the attribute that Structural Tectonics represents, and can cause Structural Tectonics different in different piece or the section performance of structure according to section or these macrofeatures of periodic variation.For example, by allow the bed of material separation amount of Structural Tectonics at the first section greater than the second section (thereby give its at the second section than in the larger density of the first section), Structural Tectonics can tend in the loading of the first section with making, collect or otherwise accumulate the first material, and loads, collects or otherwise accumulate the second material at the second section.

C. embodiment and the feature of the gatherer of system part

Just as described above with reference to Figure 1, the gatherer part 102 of system 100 is configured to load, accumulate or otherwise collect the target sample (for example, microcosmic or molecular moiety) of part.Gatherer part 102 can be made of Structural Tectonics described above in detail at least in part.Describe in further detail as following, gatherer part 102 can be collected mark part target sample by various mechanism and/or method.

1. about loading and unloading gatherer feature partly

In certain embodiments, gatherer part 102 can be configured to the selective surface, and this selective surface can load or the intended target sample of accumulating section selectively.More particularly, in certain embodiments, wherein gatherer partly is the Structural Tectonics with a plurality of isolated bed of materials, and then these bed of materials can be configured to target substance is loaded in the zone between the bed of material.When target substance absorbed on the surface of the bed of material or absorb in the zone between the bed of material, the molecule of target substance was loaded between the parallel bed of material.For example, refer back to Fig. 3 C, Structural Tectonics 300c can be loaded into the inside circumference of the bed of material 331 by stay pipe 332 with the material molecule that exists, enters zone 333.For example, stay pipe 332 can be fed to zone 333 by the eyelet in the stay pipe 332 with target substance.

In certain embodiments, Structural Tectonics is configured to load selectively specific molecule or different kinds of molecules, and avoids other non-target substance molecules (for example, load first object molecule and suppress to load the second non-target molecule).For example, first group of bed of material can be configured to allow them leave specific distance, is conducive to optionally load the first molecule but not the second molecule.Similarly, second group of bed of material can be configured to allow them leave specific distance, is conducive to load the 3rd molecule but not the second molecule.Whether the surface tension of bed of material edge also affects molecule and is loaded in the Structural Tectonics.For example, if first group of bed of material loaded the molecule of the first material, the surface tension that has then loaded first group place, inside edge of material molecule may stop first group of bed of material to load the molecule of the second material, but allows first group of bed of material to continue to load the molecule of the first material.

In some embodiments, Structural Tectonics is configured to non-sacrifice.For example, non-sacrifice structure can load and unload material, perhaps carries out other tasks and can not sacrifice its any structure.In other embodiments, Structural Tectonics is configured to sacrifice atom to be conducive to specific result from its crystal structure.For example, the Structural Tectonics that is made of boron nitride can be configured to load the target sample of expectation, and boron nitride can with this target sample reaction.Therefore, will in the reaction of boron nitride and target sample, sacrifice from the atom of this structure, and when from this structure unloading product, the boron nitride molecule that this Structural Tectonics is sacrificed loss.The structure of in some embodiments, having sacrificed its structure can be resumed at least in part.For example, the Structural Tectonics that is made of boron nitride can recover by new boron nitride molecule being provided for this structure and applying heat.New boron nitride molecule can organize themselves into the original-shape of this Structural Tectonics.

Therefore, embodiment disclosed herein can collect the special component of target sample selectively, with the target sample composition that utilizes the chromatographic principles analysis to be collected or separate.

2. about affecting the feature of gatherer calorifics attribute partly

Whether or how the gatherer part that impact is configured to Structural Tectonics one of them factor of the target substance of loading section comprises the calorifics attribute of gatherer part.In some embodiments, Structural Tectonics is configured to from the zone that is loaded with molecule heat be passed away.When Structural Tectonics was cooled, it can load molecule quickly, loaded more molecule when perhaps it can be hotter than height.Similarly, can be by coming the unloading structure structure to Structural Tectonics transmission heat.In a further embodiment, the heat that is absorbed, reflects or isolate what can be from the attribute of target sample " collection " and for further analyzing.Being configured to the calorifics attribute of gatherer part of system of Structural Tectonics and the further details of ability describes in detail for collecting heat energy and/or radiation energy below.

In certain embodiments, Structural Tectonics can be configured to collect heat or energy, can be used for judging one or more attributes of target sample after heat or the energy.For example, Structural Tectonics can be configured to have the specific calorifics attribute of the conduction of impact heat and absorption.Even when its crystal bed of material conducts heat easily, Structural Tectonics also can be configured to have for conduction ground transmission availability heat or high or low.It also can allow radiations heat energy by the passage in constructing or other local transmission with disposing, reflects away from this structure, is perhaps absorbed by this structure.This section described the various implementations of the Structural Tectonics that is designed to have specific thermal behavior.Some crystalline solids such as Graphene, graphite and boron nitride, conduct heat easily.In some applications, the Structural Tectonics that is made of one of these materials is configured to transmit between the two positions heat, perhaps from/to ad-hoc location transmission heat.In other were used, Structural Tectonics was configured to allow heat effectively be transferred to as required in this structure or leaves this structure.Can Fast Heating or cooling by the Structural Tectonics that the material of similar Graphene consists of.Even have the density far below metal, Structural Tectonics also can transmit more substantial per unit area heat than solid-state silver, living graphite, copper or aluminium.

As if the Graphene bed of material of an atomic thickness have more open space between the restriction carbon atom.But the direction of Graphene in the atomic plane has high thermal conductivity and electric conductivity, only has about 2.3% to be absorbed but shine in its white light.Similarly, about 2% to 5% is absorbed in the heat energy of atom site quadrature radiation spectrum, and the radiation heat ray that is parallel to the Structural Tectonics bed of material separately can be throwed, and decay even still less.The clean light quantity that Structural Tectonics absorbs partly depends on continuous bed of material orientation relative to each other.The variation of the bed of material orientation of Structural Tectonics as mentioned above, can allow various new application become possibility.For example, radiation energy can be via having more absorbefacient orientation, the orientation shown in Fig. 3 B, and be transported to following position, surface.As another kind of example, radiation can be polarized via other suitable orientations, and can be by on the direction on bed of material plane the certain amount of this bed of material skew further being changed these orientations, such as described for Fig. 3 A and 3B.

In certain embodiments, by configuration structure structure, make it have high density thermally conductive pathways by the particular cross section of this structure, Structural Tectonics can be arranged to have the high availability for conduction ground transmission heat.By arrangement, make it have the low-density thermally conductive pathways of giving uniform section by this structure, Structural Tectonics can be arranged to have the low availability for conduction ground transmission heat.For example, in such embodiments, the first group of bed of material that is Structural Tectonics is atomic thickness and spaced the first distance, and second group of bed of material is atomic thickness and the large second distance of spaced ratio the first distance, and first group of bed of material has the more highdensity passage of heat on the span than second group of bed of material (suppose bed of material group cross over about identical distance).Therefore, first group of bed of material can have the more high availability of transmitting heat for conduction ground than second group of bed of material.Can also draw, aspect the object or target sample thermal insulation that are positioned, do better than first group for second group.In addition, in some embodiments, Structural Tectonics can be configured to the parallel bed of material, and these parallel bed of materials are arranged to not adiabatic with the surface of its quadrature.For example, by the edge offset of the continuous bed of material is specifically measured so that the described bed of material when placing against flat surfaces and this surface form miter angle, thereby Structural Tectonics can be configured to make its bed of material with 45 degree contact flat surfaces.In some embodiments, by being configured to have the thicker bed of material, Structural Tectonics is arranged to have the more high availability for conduction ground transmission heat.

Structural Tectonics can further be configured to collect or the built-up radiation energy.Structural Tectonics according to embodiment configuration of the present disclosure can be arranged to reflection, refraction or otherwise transform radiation energy.Therefore, Structural Tectonics can be configured to interact with radiations heat energy in a particular manner.In some embodiments, Structural Tectonics is configured to transmit radiations heat energy by the passage in this structure.The transmission of radiations heat energy can be carried out with the light velocity.For example, the interval between the bed of material can be specific range, and the single bed of material can be configured to specific thicknesses, so that be parallel to that the infrared energy of bed of material incident enters and by the regional transmission between the bed of material.More particularly, these distances and thickness can be configured to collect or the radiation energy of transmission specific wavelength.For example, for the radiation energy of transmission characteristic frequency, Structural Tectonics can be by concerning that according to quantum mechanics the isolated boron nitride bed of material consists of.Similarly, as previously mentioned, Structural Tectonics also can be configured to particularly absorbed radiation energy.For example, the bed of material in first group of bed of material can spaced apart specific range, is made of specific material, and has specific thickness, so that the infrared energy of at least a portion incident is absorbed by this bed of material.Determine that such as quantum electrodynamics the opacity of each single bed of material or the suspension bed of material is 2.3% of quadrature radiation.The opacity of one group of bed of material depend on they the orientation of the bed of material of interval, Structural Tectonics and the bed of material in the interaction of relativistic electron and the selection of distance piece, such as surface structure.

The collection part that is made of Structural Tectonics also can be arranged to object is comprised radiation heat shielding or adiabatic for radiation energy.In some embodiments, can or can or the radiation energy transmission be left object by the passage transmitted radiation around the object by reflected radiation, Structural Tectonics is adiabatic for radiation heat with object.In addition, the calorifics attribute of Structural Tectonics can be by increasing coating or mixing that this constructs to change to the surface of this structure.For example, Structural Tectonics 400 can mix in its self-organization or generally increase its thermal conductivity by diffusion or implanted ions or increase thermal conductivity in specific zone or direction.It can utilize metal such as aluminium, silver, gold or copper to apply, thereby reflects more radiation heat than situation originally.

3. about affecting the feature of gatherer acoustics, electromagnetism and optical properties partly

Affect the gatherer part that is configured to Structural Tectonics and whether and how to collect acoustics, electromagnetism and the optical properties that the extra factor of the target substance of part comprises the gatherer part.In certain embodiments, for example, Structural Tectonics can be made into response acoustic energy and represent specific attribute.For example, they can be configured in specific Frequency generated acoustics and/or electromagnetic resonance.They can also be constructed with specific refraction coefficient, and they can be designed to be offset the frequency of incident electromagnetic wave.By structure being arranged to have specific structure, comprise specific density, elastic modulus and section modulus, can control these attributes.As mentioned above, the composition that these parameters can be by change structure structure, its processing mode with and design proposal regulate.In addition, the bed of material of Structural Tectonics can be made of graphite, thereby has by the interval between the bed of material and/or the refraction coefficient regulated by increasing the material be adsorbed and/or absorb in the interval.In addition, in some embodiments, adulterant adds Structural Tectonics to, to change its refraction coefficient.For example, the Structural Tectonics that is made of boron nitride can utilize nitrogen to mix to increase its refraction coefficient.

The acoustic resonant frequencies of Structural Tectonics changes along with a plurality of factors.Fine and close Structural Tectonics is than the not too fine and close and identical Structural Tectonics of other situations, at lower Frequency generated resonance.Therefore, when Structural Tectonics was configured to the parallel bed of material, the thinner bed of material had higher resonance frequency with the thicker bed of material.In addition, the not too fine and close bed of material (for example, distance is larger between the bed of material) in stacking ground also will have higher resonance frequency than the more fine and close bed of material in stacking ground.The Structural Tectonics that firmly supports at the edge will be at lower Frequency generated resonance than the Structural Tectonics in central supported.In addition, the high Structural Tectonics of elastic modulus will be than the low Structural Tectonics of elastic modulus in higher frequency resonance, and the high Structural Tectonics of section modulus will be than the low Structural Tectonics of section modulus in lower frequency resonance.In addition, the resonance frequency of the bed of material can be by making bed of material diameter larger reduction the in ground arbitrarily.In certain embodiments, whole bed of materials of Structural Tectonics are designed in identical frequency resonance, yet in further embodiments, the part-structure structure will be in different frequency resonances.The resonance frequency of Structural Tectonics also depends on its composition.In addition, in certain embodiments, adulterant and/or coating can be added on the Structural Tectonics, to improve or to reduce its acoustic resonant frequencies.The resonance frequency of Structural Tectonics also can reduce by increase distance piece between the bed of material.

In certain embodiments, Structural Tectonics can also be configured in specific Frequency generated electromagnetic resonance.For example, can select its density, elastic modulus and section modulus to each bed of material, so that this structure or each bed of material respond the electromagnetic force that applies and have specific resonance frequency.Structural Tectonics can also be configured to absorb the radiation energy of specific wavelength.

In certain embodiments, when electric charge was applied to Structural Tectonics, Structural Tectonics was configured to load molecule with speed faster or with higher density.For example, Graphene, graphite and boron nitride conduct electricity.When electric charge was applied to its bed of material, the Structural Tectonics that is made of these materials can be configured to load molecule with higher speed.The embodiment that is used for heating or cooling structure structure and is used for applying electric charge is at U.S. Patent application No.12/857, and open in 515, this patented claim is included in herein by quoting in full.In certain embodiments, Structural Tectonics is configured to when radiation energy leads this structure, loads to carry or the unloading material.For example, the distance between each parallel bed of material can selectively allow Structural Tectonics absorb infrared waves, causes the bed of material to be heated and unloads the material of its loading.In addition, in certain embodiments, catalyzer can be applied to the outer ledge of the bed of material, material is loaded in the zone between the bed of material being conducive to.

In addition, in certain embodiments, the bed of material of Structural Tectonics is spaced apart, so that the incident electromagnetic wave polarization.And as mentioned above, Structural Tectonics can be configured to object adiabatic for radiation.In certain embodiments, Structural Tectonics is adiabatic for radiation with object by the reflected radiation energy.For example, Structural Tectonics can be configured to the object that is placed on the Structural Tectonics right side adiabatic for the radiation in this structure left side.For example, each bed of material can be made of boron nitride, and spaced apart with the electromagnetic radiation in the reflection specified wavelength.

4. about the selective surface that affects gatherer part and the feature of wavelength shift attribute

Affect the gatherer part that is configured to Structural Tectonics and whether and how to collect selective surface and the wavelength shift attribute that the extra factor of the target substance of part comprises the gatherer part.In certain embodiments, for example, the gatherer part that is configured to Structural Tectonics can comprise such surface, described surface by (1) allow a part of radiation with selected orientation and/or wavelength by and (2) again radiation be in the part energy of different wave length, enter gatherer partly or other desired regions thereby be positioned to and/or be configured to improve radiation.Whether many factor affecting Structural Tectonics absorb the radiation energy that is in specific wavelength.For example, the Structural Tectonics ability that absorbs the radiation energy be in specific wavelength depend on thickness of feed layer, they the interval, they composition, they adulterant, they coating and/or be positioned at distance piece between the bed of material.In certain embodiments, Structural Tectonics is configured to transmission and is in the radiation energy of the first wavelength and absorbs and radiation wavelength is different from received radiation energy again energy.For example, Structural Tectonics can be configured to allow the bed of material be parallel to some but not be whole incident radiation energy.The parallel bed of material can be configured to be parallel to the radiation energy of the bed of material by this structure transmission, and absorbs nonparallel radiation.In certain embodiments, radiant matter (for example, silit, silicon boride, boron monoxide etc.) is coated on the surface of Structural Tectonics again, such as passing through with the described Structural Tectonics of described surge.Then, when non-parallel radioactive exposure Structural Tectonics, again radiant matter absorb non-parallel radiation and again radiation wavelength be different from the energy of the energy of reception.

Structural Tectonics can also be configured to have specific refraction coefficient (that is, be in particular range or have the refraction coefficient of exact value).In numerous variablees, the refraction coefficient of Structural Tectonics is the function of the distance of bed of material composition (for example, boron nitride, graphite etc.), thickness of feed layer, adulterant, distance piece and the separation bed of material.For example, the distance between the parallel bed of material and thickness of feed layer can be selected, so that the parallel bed of material has specific refraction coefficient.In addition, in certain embodiments, adulterant adds Structural Tectonics to change its refraction coefficient.For example, the Structural Tectonics that is made of boron nitride can utilize nitrogen to mix, to increase its refraction coefficient.When material was loaded into Structural Tectonics, the refraction coefficient of Structural Tectonics may change.For example, be present in the vacuum Structural Tectonics than be loaded into this structure when hydrogen and be expressed as epitaxial loayer and/or epitaxial loayer between kapillary the time, can have different refraction coefficients.In certain embodiments, the refraction coefficient of the first of Structural Tectonics is different from the refraction coefficient of the second portion of this Structural Tectonics.For example, first group of parallel bed of material can have the refraction coefficient that is different from second group of bed of material, because first group of bed of material is thinner, and the bed of material in second group of bed of material is spaced apart with larger distance.

Fig. 4 A-4C shows and is configured to Structural Tectonics with selectively transmission, absorption and/or some attributes of the gatherer part of the energy of radiation different wave length again.Fig. 4 A for example is the synoptic diagram of the part of the 440a of system, and system 440a comprises the gatherer part with main body 442, and described main body is configured to have the Structural Tectonics of radiation energy transmission section 444.Transmission section 444 comprises a plurality of isolated bed of materials 446, and the described bed of material can comprise the disclosed any attribute of the bed of material that the parallel interval of reference structure structure in the literary composition is opened.In the illustrated embodiment, can be transmitted or otherwise be allowed to through main body 442 by radiation energy arrow 448 indication, that generally be parallel to the bed of material 446 transmissions.Radiation energy through the bed of material 446 is indicated by arrow 450.Main body 442 can absorb the radiation energy (for example, with respect to the bed of material 446 nonparallel radiation energy 448) that does not pass through the bed of material 446 transmissions.

According to the additional features of illustrated embodiment, the single bed of material 446 can comprise that coating 447 (for example, silit, silicon boride, boron monoxide, phosphor, fluorescent substance etc.) is used for again radiation through the energy of transmission section 444.For example, enter transmission section and can be reflected or be displaced to the wavelength that is different from the radiation energy that enters from the radiation energy 448 of coating 447 reflection.For example, through the transmission section and to have a radiation energy of different or reformed wavelength indicated by arrow 452.Therefore, allow by (1) and (for example to have selected orientation, represented by the arrow 450 that leaves main body 442) a part of radiation 448 by and (2) again radiation be in different wave length the second portion radiation (for example, by the arrow 452 that leaves main body 442 represented), shown in Fig. 4 A and aforesaid embodiment improved radiation through main body 442.

Fig. 4 B is the synoptic diagram of the part of the 440b of system, and described system comprises the gatherer part with main body 442, and described main body is configured to have the Structural Tectonics of radiation energy reflection and sorbent surface 449.Surface 449 can be configured to absorb the radiation energy 448 that is in specific orientation (for example, roughly crossing surface 449) and/or wavelength, and reflection is with the indicated radiation energy 448 of reflection energy at arrow 452 places.In certain embodiments, surface 449 can comprise that coating (for example, silit, silicon boride, boron monoxide, phosphor, fluorescent substance etc.) is used for again emittance 452.For example, coating 447 can be configured to again radiation wavelength and is different from the energy 452 that incides the wavelength of surface on 449.Therefore, Fig. 4 B illustrated embodiment can (1) radiation-absorbing (for example, being in the radiation of predetermined orientation and/or wavelength), and (2) again second portion radiation of radiation different wave length (for example, as leave the arrow 452 of main body 442 represented).

Fig. 4 C is the synoptic diagram of the part of the 440c of system, and this system comprises the gatherer part with main body 442, and described main body is configured to have conduction and the Structural Tectonics of radiation properties again.For example, main body 444 can be made and comprises the first surface 453 relative with second surface 449 with at least part of conductive material (for example, copper, beryllia etc.).First surface 453 is in the face of the radiation energy by arrow 448 expressions.Main body 444 configuration ground can conduct radiation energy 448.When energy 448 arrived the second side 449, the second side 449 can deviate from the second again emitted radiation of side 449.In certain embodiments, second surface 449 can comprise again the coating 447 of the energy of radiation different wave length.For example, can again be launched or again radiation by the second wave length with the wavelength that is different from radiation energy 448 by the energy of the again radiation of arrow 452 expression.

Above with reference to the described wavelength shift of Fig. 4 A-4C and absorption, transmission, reflection and/or again radiation feature can comprise and submit to simultaneously and be included in any feature and the parts of describing in the U.S. Patent application, that be entitled as " CHEMICAL REACTORS WITH RE-RADIATING SURFACES AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS " (procurator's document No.69545.8603.US00) herein by quoting in full.

Just as described in detail later, be absorbed, be transmitted, be reflected, conducted and/or can be used for judging target sample (namely by the energy of again radiation, one or more attributes or the feature of existence radiation energy) and/or relevant target sample (that is, radiation energy).For example, in certain embodiments, radiation energy can be the visible light from the first color of target sample emission, and the energy of again radiation can be the visible light of second color that is different from the first color of expression target sample existence and/or attribute.In addition, be transmitted, be absorbed, be reflected and/or can be the composition that is eliminated or otherwise separates from target sample by the partial radiation of again radiation.

5. about affecting the feature of gatherer catalysis attribute partly

Affect whether and how the gatherer part that is configured to Structural Tectonics collects or the additional attribute of loading section target substance comprises gatherer catalysis attribute partly.For example, Structural Tectonics can be configured to variety of way catalysis one reaction with the target sample that can improve collection or loading section.More particularly, the Structural Tectonics that is made of the parallel bed of material can be by control temperature of reaction, the ad hoc structure of the bed of material by having this reaction of catalysis, perhaps by the material that this reaction of catalysis is provided at its bed of material edge catalyzed chemical reaction or biological respinse.Structural Tectonics can also by raising reaction rate, prolongation reaction, permission reaction or by other modes that is conducive to react, catalysis one be reacted.Can change many variablees comes catalysis specifically to react.In certain embodiments, for example, the thickness of the single bed of material of Structural Tectonics is chosen as catalysis one reaction.In addition, the distance between the bed of material and/or bed of material composition (for example, boron nitride, carbon etc.) can be chosen as catalysis one reaction.In extra embodiment, adulterant can add Structural Tectonics to, and the distance piece that perhaps has specific chemistry can be added between the bed of material, specifically reacts with catalysis.

The parallel bed of material can be by being delivered to heat in the zone that reacts and catalysis one reaction.In other implementations, the parallel bed of material is by taking away heat and catalysis one reaction from the zone that reacts.For example, heat can be delivered in the parallel bed of material (for example be included in full U.S. Patent application No.12/857 herein, discuss in 515) so that the thermonegative reaction in the stay pipe of the bed of material provides heat with conducting.In some implementations, the parallel bed of material comes catalysis one reaction by eliminating reaction product from the zone that reacts.For example, the parallel bed of material can be from the alcohols of absorption in the central support tube from biochemical reaction, and in central support tube, alcohols is accessory substance, thus alcohols is discharged to the outward flange of the parallel bed of material, and prolongs the life of the microorganism that relates in the biochemical reaction.

In some embodiments, first group of parallel bed of material can be configured to catalysis one reaction, and second group of parallel bed of material is configured to absorb and/or the adsorption reaction product.For example, first group of bed of material can be configured to by allow two between the molecule reaction and catalyzed chemical reaction, and second group of bed of material with different interval and/or thickness can be configured to the adsorption reaction product, the length that therefore prolongs chemical reaction.

In further embodiment, Structural Tectonics can be by electric charging (for example, such as U.S. Patent application No.12/857, discussing in 515) with the reaction of catalysis near Structural Tectonics.For example, Structural Tectonics can be configured in specific Frequency generated acoustic resonance, causes molecule itself to be orientated in the mode of catalysis one reaction.In addition, molecule can be oriented to and allow chemical reaction or them to absorb on the bed of material.In some embodiments, Structural Tectonics be configured to the emission or absorbed radiation energy with catalysis one reaction.For example, first group of bed of material can be configured to absorbed radiation energy and radiation energy is converted into heat, and second group of bed of material with different interval and/or thickness utilizes described heat to be conducive to thermonegative reaction.In other embodiments, catalyzer adds Structural Tectonics to the reaction of catalysis near this structure.Catalyzer can be applied on the surface of the bed of material edge of this structure or this structure.For example, chromium oxide can be applied to the edge of Structural Tectonics, and chromium oxide can catalytic methane and ozone between chemical reaction, wherein ozone utilizes ionization UV radiation or induced spark to produce from air.

6. about affecting the feature of gatherer capillary attribute partly

Affect whether and how the gatherer part that is configured to Structural Tectonics collects or the extra factor of the destination media of loading section comprises gatherer capillary attribute partly.For example, can be arranged to the Structural Tectonics of the parallel bed of material or be configured to allow liquid between its bed of material, move via capillary action.The parallel bed of material can change the aleatory variable in many variablees so that can produce capillary action with respect to predetermined substance.In some embodiments, bed of material composition, adulterant, interval and/or thickness are through selecting, so that Structural Tectonics produces capillary action with respect to specific target substance.For example, the distance between the single bed of material is through selecting, so that Structural Tectonics produces capillary action with respect to predetermined substance.In a particular embodiment, the concentric bed of material of each of Structural Tectonics can be spaced apart from each other for the capillary distance of water, and Structural Tectonics can force water to climb up described structure via capillary action.

Structural Tectonics can be consisted of with other bed of materials that have for dimolecular the second capillary distance or interval by having for the first capillary distance of the first molecule or some bed of materials at interval.For example, first group of bed of material can have the capillary distance with respect to the first molecule such as propane, and second group of bed of material with the different single bed of material of interval and/or thickness can produce capillary action such as hydrogen with respect to the second molecule.In addition, in certain embodiments, allow heat can import or spread out of described structure into to the Structural Tectonics configuration, to be conducive to capillary action.In further embodiments, can apply electric charge to the bed of material of Structural Tectonics, to be conducive to capillary action.

Fig. 5 A is the diagrammatic side view according to the system 560a of embodiment configuration of the present disclosure.System 560a comprises the heat pipe 561 that is configured to have with respect to the first input end part 562a of the second outlet end part 562b.The first and second end parts 562 can comprise respectively the first a plurality of isolated parallel bed of material 564 of Structural Tectonics.In the illustrated embodiment, first bed of material, 564 directions of orientation that are positioned at end parts 562 aim at the longitudinal axis of heat pipe 561 or with its almost parallel.Heat pipe 561 further comprises the second a plurality of isolated parallel bed of material 566 of the center section extension that laterally deviates from heat pipe 560a.Second bed of material 566 extends with the angle of roughly crossing heat pipe 561 longitudinal axis from heat pipe 561.First bed of material 564 and second bed of material 566 can pass into from the outside described system, and the material or the sample partly that are configured to attract selectively to be scheduled to enter or leave heat pipe 560a.These bed of materials also can import heat into and spread out of heat pipe 561.For example, in operation, heat can be introduced at first end section 562a place described heat pipe 561.The heat that is in first end section 562a causes working fluid to evaporate at least in part.The steam that produces is from first end section 562a arrival second end section 562b and in second end section 562b condensation.The some work fluid of condensation returns first end section 562a from second end section 562b.As the result of working fluid in second end section 562b place's condensation, heat is sent out the second end section 562b of heat pipe 560a.

Some features according to illustrated embodiment, when heat leaves heat pipe 560a, at least part of target sample or predetermined composition also can (for example be eliminated from solution at second end section 562b via first bed of material 564, steam), because it is brought to top or the second end section 562b of heat pipe 560a.In addition, along with condensation product arrives first end section 562a from second end section 562b, second bed of material 566 can also transferring heat except the target sample of the part of self cooling condensate liquid in the future or predetermined composition shift.For example, in certain embodiments, the working fluids in the heat pipe 561 can be water, and first bed of material 564 and/or second bed of material 566 can be removed methane or other solvends (for example, carbon dioxide) from water.In further embodiments, first bed of material 564 and/or second bed of material 566 can be with predetermined adulterant or material prestrains, to regulate the surface tension along these adsorptions.

Fig. 5 B is the diagrammatic side view according to the system 560b of the another kind of embodiment configuration of the disclosure.System 560b comprises heat pipe 561, and this heat pipe is similar to above with reference to the described heat pipe of Fig. 5 A aspect 26S Proteasome Structure and Function.For example, shown in Fig. 5 B, heat pipe 561 comprises the working fluid that is enclosed between first end section 562a and the relative second end section 562b.The first and second end parts 562 comprise first bed of material of Structural Tectonics, and their directions of orientation are roughly parallel to the longitudinal axis of heat pipe 561.This heat pipe further comprises along the direction of roughly crossing the heat pipe longitudinal axis and radially extends to second bed of material 566 in the heat pipe 561.Second bed of material 566 correspondingly is arranged at least part of heat pipe that is positioned at, and can be configured to load or otherwise remove from working fluid or collect sample portion.

The capillary absorption attribute of disclosed method and system can comprise simultaneously and to submit to and by quoting in full any feature that is included in the system of describing in the U.S. Patent application, that be entitled as " THERMAL TRANSFER DEVICE AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS " (procurator's document No.69545.8604.US00) herein in the literary composition.

7. about affecting the feature of gatherer surface structure partly

In a further embodiment, Structural Tectonics can comprise one or more surface structures in its surface, to be conducive to Structural Tectonics loaded targets sample material or from quantity and the speed of Structural Tectonics unloading target sample material.As co-pending U.S. Patent application No.12/857,515 is described, and surface structure can be the crystalline network institute epitaxial orientation of the bed of material that applied by them.As mentioned above, in certain embodiments, they are by dehydrogenation forms to gas on bed of material surface.In further embodiments, the adjacent bed of material be configured to textural before, they are coated on the bed of material.Surface structure can comprise nanotube, nanometer roll, nano flower and other structures.More particularly, nanometer flower structure can absorb material molecule in the zone in this structure, and with the target sample molecular adsorption to its surface.In certain embodiments, surface structure allows Structural Tectonics to load the specific compound of material.In certain embodiments, surface structure allows Structural Tectonics to load more quickly and/or unload material molecule.In certain embodiments, the surface structure of particular type has precedence over another kind of surface structure.For example, in certain embodiments, nanometer roll can have precedence over nanotube.Nanometer roll can load and unload material molecule by the ratio nano pipe more quickly, because nanometer roll loads simultaneously and unloads a plurality of material molecules, and nanotube molecule of load or unload only simultaneously.In certain embodiments, the surface structure of the first kind loads the first compound, and the surface structure of Second Type loads the second compound.In certain embodiments, surface structure is made of conductive material and/or has a high availability of transmitting for heat.In certain embodiments, surface structure is made of carbon.

In certain embodiments, surface structure can be oriented to the bed of material surface that is approximately perpendicular to Structural Tectonics.In further embodiments, the orientation of at least some surface structures is not orthogonal to the surface that they apply.For example, at least some surface structures can with respect to the respective surfaces of Structural Tectonics, be oriented to different angle (for example, except an angle of 90 degrees).Surface structure can be oriented to specific angle, to increase the surface area of surface structure, increase the speed of being collected or load molecule by this surface structure, increase loading and the collection density of this surface structure, and/or tend to collect or load the molecule of specific compound, perhaps be used for other reasons.

In certain embodiments, surface structure can be configured on the Structural Tectonics, and is made of the material that is different from Structural Tectonics.More particularly, the bed of material of Structural Tectonics can be made of Graphene, and surface structure can be made of boron nitride.Surface structure can be made of other materials, such as boron hydride, diborane (B ₂H ₆), sodium aluminum hydride, MgH ₂, LiH, titantium hydride and/or other metal hydrides or other suitable compounds.

D. embodiment and the feature of the sensing of system part

As above described with reference to Fig. 1, the target sample that the Sensor section 104 of system 100 is configured to detect and/or analyze one or more parts (for example, microcosmic part or molecular moiety) existence, and one or more attributes or the feature of the target sample of detection and/or analysis part.Sensor section 104 can comprise with other parts of system 100 for example gatherer part 102 whole formation.Describe in further detail as following, Sensor section 104, more particularly, detector portion 106 and analyzer part 108 can be by the attributes of different mechanism or method detection and/or evaluating objects sample.

For example, can relate to for the method and structure of collecting or otherwise accumulate sample for detection of the method and structure with the attribute of evaluating objects sample.Be loaded in sample (for example, few or molecule) part in some embodiments between the bed of material of Structural Tectonics, detect and/or analyze and to comprise that sample is loaded into the speed between the bed of material.Detect and/or analyze the degree of depth or the length that may further include between the bed of material that sample enters into Structural Tectonics.More particularly, sample, loading speed and/or the degree of depth can be used as the indication of specific objective sample, perhaps the indication of target sample particular community.In a further embodiment, sensing can comprise after target sample is removed concrete composition or other parts selectively, checks the product of remaining target sample.

In further embodiments, the optical properties of collection can be judged for sensing provides useful information.For example, and with reference to selective surface described above in detail, transmission, reflection and/or refraction can be used as the indication of the attribute of the indication of target sample existence or target sample.In instructing some embodiment of wavelength shift, target sample can with the first wavelength emission energy of the first color-associations, according to the embodiment that describes in the literary composition, the first wavelength is different from the second wave length relevant with the second color of the energy that is transmitted, absorbs, reflects and/or reflect.This wavelength variations or change color can correspondingly provide the useful information of relevant target sample, comprise for example what existence and/or the target sample of target sample are made with.Similarly, the angular deflection difference of incident wavelength and emission wavelength can be offered help.For example, the material of Photoelectric Detection such as silicon, gallium, arsenide etc. can be deposited as pattern in Structural Tectonics, with the optics sensing of the radiation energy that is conducive to be collected.In addition, the phase transition temperature of target sample also can be for detection of the information of relevant target sample, and particularly with reference to inputting to the target sample Rapid Thermal.The further useful technology that is used for the target sample that sensing (for example, detect and/or analyze) is collected comprises and inductively produces magnetic field or electric field to observe the impact for target sample.For example, the frequency of change electric field and monitoring can prove the judgement of target sample existence and/or type extraly for the behavior of the frequency that changes.

The sensing part 104 of the system 100 of describing with reference to Fig. 1 in further embodiments, can comprise one or more microprocessors.For example, the Structural Tectonics of discussing in the literary composition can be designed to utilize one or more attributes discussed above to draw particular result or conclusion in microcosmic point.Adopt numerous application of Structural Tectonics to comprise electric charge processor, molecular processor and/or biological processor.The Structural Tectonics that is configured to the electric charge processor can be used for the structure microcircuit, and the existence of specific atoms or molecule in the testing environment perhaps draws other results.In some embodiments, be configured to the Structural Tectonics formation circuit of electric charge processor.For example, the parallel bed of material of Graphene can be spaced apart by dielectric material, so that Structural Tectonics stored charge and bring into play the effect of similar capacitor.In some embodiments, Structural Tectonics can be configured to high temperature capacitors by the parallel bed of material of isolating this structure with pottery.In some other embodiment, Structural Tectonics can be configured to low temperature capacitor by isolate the parallel bed of material with polymkeric substance.In other embodiment schemes, Structural Tectonics can be configured to process ion.For example, Structural Tectonics can dispose the semipermeable partition in the zone between the bed of material that covers this structure.This semipermeable partition allows specific ion to pass this film and enters this Structural Tectonics, and here they are detected to be used for specific purpose.In some embodiments, Structural Tectonics is configured to solid-state converter.

In addition, in some embodiments, Structural Tectonics can be changed the electromagnetic wave of molecular level.For example, Structural Tectonics can be configured to the white light conversion of 100BTU is become the red and blue light of 75BTU.Thereby convert thereof into blue light and ruddiness by chemical resonance white light, white light is moved by ripple.In addition, Structural Tectonics can be made of carbon, and selected zone utilizes reactant such as boron, titanium, iron, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and/or silicon to change into solid solution or compound such as carbonide, and Structural Tectonics can allow the bed of material be oriented to white light is displaced to the wavelength of expectation such as ruddiness and/or blue light and/or infrared frequency with disposing.

The Structural Tectonics that is configured to biological processor can be for generation of enzyme, carbohydrates, lipid or other materials.In some embodiments, Structural Tectonics is configured to the parallel bed of material, and it is from conversion zone elimination biochemical reaction product, so that biochemical reaction is continued.For example, the conversion zone that Structural Tectonics can be configured in the respective support pipe that supports the bed of material loads noxious material, such as alcohols.By eliminating noxious material, the microorganism that relates in the biochemical reaction can not be killed, and biochemical reaction can continue with not ending.In other embodiments, Structural Tectonics can be configured to remove from response location the useful products of biochemical reaction, and can not interrupt this reaction.For example, the stay pipe in the Structural Tectonics can hold the biochemical reaction that produces useful lipid, and described useful lipid is loaded in the zone between the bed of material of this structure and is unloaded at this regional outward flange.Therefore, according to these embodiment, biochemical reaction can continue, and useful products is removed.

E. the communication of system and controller the part embodiment and feature

Just as described above with reference to Figure 1, the communication that comprises report device part 110 and/or controller part 111 of system 100 and controller part 109 are configured to provide real-time or automatic signal or other suitable indications of relevant target sample collection, detection and/or analysis.Report device part 110 can be made of Structural Tectonics described above in detail at least in part.In certain embodiments, report can comprise to controller or the transmission of another similar system or (for example transmit, via wired or wireless media), the analysis result of the existence of the target sample that indication is detected or one or more attributes of target sample.In further embodiments, this signal can comprise the indication that takes appropriate action in response to sensing target sample.For example, this signal can comprise the information for preventive maintenance or security of relevant target sample, and the information of the position of relevant target sample, quantity, concentration or other attributes.In addition, report signal can send simultaneously with the sensed object sample or otherwise send in real time, and perhaps report signal can store and afterwards emission.Be used for to describe in detail below some embodiment of the suitable parts of indication of reporting objectives pattern detection or analysis and configuration.In addition, report the test can customize for the objectives sample that is acquired.For example, report signal can comprise diagnosis or the prevention information of relevant target sample.Pass on the target sample analysis result that some advantages can be provided.For example, communication can be real-time, and is based upon on the target sample of microcosmic part.This significantly is different from the traditional detection technology, in the traditional detection technology, may need to obtain relatively most sample, and sample is delivered to the laboratory, and waits for analysis result, has all the time the threat of contaminated sample.

According to some embodiment, Structural Tectonics can comprise the microprocessor of as above describing in detail.In some instances, from the electric current of one or more optical sensors can with microprocessor communication, to transmit or another kind of suitable result indication be provided.In addition, Structural Tectonics can comprise one or more nanometer radio for the emission results signal.Described system can correspondingly provide consequential signal or from the long-range consequential signal that provides in described target sample source in this locality.

F. embodiment and the feature of the remover of system part

As above described with reference to Fig. 1, remover part 112 configured to clear of system 100, unloading or otherwise eliminate part (for example, microcosmic or the molecular moiety) target sample that is collected.Remover part 112 can be made of the Structural Tectonics of as above describing in detail at least in part.In addition, remover part 112 can be partly integrated with any other of this system described in the literary composition, comprises for example gatherer part 102, Sensor section 104 and/or report device part 110.In some embodiments, remover part 112 is used for eliminating the mechanism of the target sample that is collected or method and can relates to or depend on for collecting or mechanism or the method for loaded targets sample.Proper method that be used for to remove target sample for example comprises to the Structural Tectonics that the keeps target sample gradient of partly exerting pressure.This pressure gradient for example can comprise relief pressure or increase pressure, such as from electrolytic action, mechanical pump etc.In a further embodiment, can utilize moisture and not water-bearing media implement little electrolysis, to remove or otherwise to extract out target sample.For example, electrolytic medium can be chosen according to the composition of target sample.

According to extra embodiment of the present disclosure, predetermined gas or fluid can be used for from the target sample that gatherer part 102 is removed or flushing accumulates by remover part 112 shown in Figure 1.In one embodiment, for example, hydrogen can be for the collecting zone between the isolated bed of material of removing Structural Tectonics.In addition, when hydrogen flushing or removing collecting zone, at least a portion hydrogen can be retained in these zones.The hydrogen that keeps or be loaded can have the first affine energy, to be retained between these bed of materials, but the hydrogen that keeps can be had the target sample that the another kind greater than the second affine energy of the first affine energy is collected to be replaced, thereby is loaded in the collecting zone between the bed of material of Structural Tectonics.In further embodiments, can realize by plasma, electric capacity, hydrogen, oxygen and/or steam flush gatherer part 102 from the target sample that gatherer part 102 is removed accumulation, perhaps provide assistance with this.

G. be used for collection, sensing, report and or remove system, parts and the method for part target sample Extra embodiment

According to extra embodiment of the present disclosure, disclosed system and method can be used in the multiple environment in the literary composition.For example, for the target sample of collecting the microcosmic part, sensing (for example, detect sample existence and/or analyzing samples attribute), the indication of report sensing and/or remove the system of target sample, can in various environment and for different purposes, implement.Disclosed embodiment can use one or more sensors in the literary composition, for example comprises with as above with reference to the sensor of the described gatherer of Fig. 1, sensor (for example determination and analysis), report device/controller and/or remover part.For example, system described in the literary composition, sensor and correlation report can be the parts of interacted system or network.For example, Fig. 6 A is according to the network of embodiment configuration of the present disclosure or the synoptic diagram of system 630.In the illustrated embodiment, system 630 comprises many groups gatherer/sensor of possessing feature described in the literary composition/report device/remover (" sensor "), for example comprises above with reference to the described system 100 of Fig. 1-2 B.With reference to Fig. 6 A, for example, system 630 comprises the first sensor 600a of first node or group 631a, the second sensor 600b of Section Point or group 631b, and the 3rd sensor 600c of the 3rd node or group 631c.Some of them sensor 600 can be connected to each other, and perhaps otherwise is configured to communicate with one another via wired connection 633.But other sensors are such as schematically showing with the 3rd sensor 600c, and wherein any sensor can radio communication.According to the additional features of illustrated embodiment, first group of 631a comprises and couples (for example, wiredly, wirelessly waiting) to the first controller 632a of one or more first sensor 600a.In addition, the 3rd group of 632c comprises the 3rd controller 632c that wirelessly is couple to one or more the 3rd sensor 600c.In addition, these controllers and sensor can couple (for example, wired ground, wirelessly wait) other sensors and/or controller in another group arbitrarily.In addition, some sensors 600 can be positioned on the identical structure member or near it, and purpose is the target sample that Collection and analysis is identical.But in further embodiments, different sensors 600 can be positioned on different positions or the different structure, and purpose is the data of the relevant different target sample of Collection and analysis.In further embodiments, one of them controller 632 can be used as for whole system all the controller of group 631 or all sensors 600 operate.In addition, one or more controllers 632 can be used as relaying and operate, in order to convey a message and/or receive instruction or information from telepilot.According to extra embodiment of the present disclosure, system 600 can convergent-divergent and collection in the environment of any yardstick, analysis and the transmission of data, comprises for example in the world or global environment.

System 630 shown in Fig. 6 A correspondingly shows network or the system of interconnected sensor 600 and controller 632, and described sensor can be configured to communicate with one another with controller and/or provide feedback for different environment.For example, sensor 600 shown in Fig. 6 A can be used in different systems, application and/or the environment, in school, hospital, public transport (aircraft, motorbus, train, subway etc.).System 630 can be used for such application extraly, such as quality assurance, preventive maintenance, security (comprising trend analysis), warning against danger (comprising bolt down procedure), chemical identification and supervision, environmental monitoring, Homeland Security, hazardous material transportation and monitoring, pollution detection system etc.

In addition; system 630 shown in Fig. 6 A correspondingly shows the wide area network of interconnected sensor 600 and controller 632; this wide area network can be configured to allow the scalability of zone, country, international global network; be used for data acquisition, information processing, the trend analysis of mi-crochemistry sampling, and/or relate to geonomy, environmental protection, publilc health and economic prediction.Any sensor 600 can be geophysical sensor, and this sensor can be defined as and receive and measure any apparatus that can be used as the environmental stimulus of Geographic Reference.This geophysical sensor comprises inertia or acceleration transducer, so that the record of equipment or system motion to be provided, comprises for example earthquake and long-term motion more.More particularly, disclosed one or more sensors or geophysical sensor can be entrained by the equipment of the diverse location of passing through in the literary composition.Described sensor and/or geophysical sensor correspondingly allow position enquiring and the Authentication devices stroke for time of each run and each event, thereby utilize geological data for example that distinctive mark or the signature of device location and/or stroke are provided.Although within decades, in this example, attempted large-scale sensor network, be used for measuring the weather and climate pattern as World Meteorological Organization (WMO), and the Argos Buoy network be used for to measure temperature and the salinity of world ocean, but these networks are not yet realized the real time implementation Hygienic monitoring on hands of childhood and are confined to the chemical information that they can be identified and report.But, according to embodiment of the present disclosure, the sensor 600 of one or more networkings and controller 632 systems are applicable to the sensor of sensor, oceanographic data Sensors on Data Buoy, weather station, earth's surface sensor, upper atmosphere station and the meteorological balloon deployment of weather ship or aircraft deployment.

For environment and/or geographical space monitoring, an advantage of the present disclosure is to allow to obtain the chemical information that can be used as Geographic Reference, then report in the mode of continuous real-time streams, on the zone that perhaps disperses on a large scale chemical information is implemented to report in batches through the time series of programming, perhaps even trigger-type report (such as warning against danger).The sensing data of this broad array can be configured to transmit and exchange message by layout such as the internet of collaborative work, thereby (a) obtained before by conventional method can't obtain or consume huge fund obtains can be as the chemical information of Geographic Reference, (b) obtain necessary data source quantity and distribution, to allow that data are converted into the information that can be used for the public policy decision-making.For example, Earthwatch group (GEO) has predicted the global Earthwatch system of system (GEOSS), GEO is by 73 countries, European Union and 52 Intergovernmental Organization that international organization consists of, and its target is the science contact that promote to consist of between the observing system of the system of system.Use disclosed sensor network in the literary composition, reformed the mode of obtaining geographical spatial data.In the text in the example of another useful especially application of disclosed embodiment, in 2000, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) (UNEP) advocated " the digital earth project (and at first proposed in 1998 by American vice president Al Gore; described the virtual representation earth; so as to carry out the space with reference to and interconnected with world's numeral knowledge base), obtain global environment information to improve the decision maker for economic and social policy's problem.In another kind of example, the economic problems of greenhouse gas emission control have caused the various projects for the carbon credit Economic Stimulus, use the industrial process that reduces or eliminates noxious emission with promoting enterprise.More particularly, extensive criticism to this international efforts is that shortage is for enough strick precautions of swindling or " makeing fun of system " widely, do not measure the real time of each run, related with seismic events, and other environmental data experiences be associated with concrete industrial behavior and concrete government policy.But embodiment of the present disclosure samples by the chemistry that allows microcosmic and extensively disperses, thereby improves at least the measurement interests of following tracking and assessment: the energy (biological energy source, living beings, wind, water power, underground heat, sun power etc.); Weather (land, ocean and atmosphere variation, greenhouse gas emission, water and energy exchange etc.); Water (source, quality and terrestrial water use pattern); Weather (atmosphere of wind, temperature, cloud amount, humidity, air pressure etc. change for the impact of land, ocean and plant etc.); The ecosystem (affecting health and the stressor of both macro and micro system, the related needs of life system); Agricultural (cropping pattern, forest and land degeneration etc.); Bio-diversity (represent the ecosystem feature of their viability, comprise habitat fragmentation, animal and plant extinction of species speed and factor etc.); Disaster response and mitigation (fire monitoring, land-Atmosphere-Ocean System degeneration, fire early warning, flood, earthquake, landslide, rubble flow, hurricane, wind spout etc.); And/or publilc health (land, plant and animal variation, disease vector, boundary condition etc.).

Fig. 6 B be for Homeland Security use or environment with the process that detects potential threat or the process flow diagram of method 650, perhaps described method is used for position or the environment of other suitable wide area networks monitorings, comprises for example chemistry supervision.For example, method 650 comprises existence and/or the attribute (square 652) of the target sample that constitutes a threat in the monitoring of environmental.Monitored environment can comprise public environment such as airport, railway station, bus stop, other public transport places, shopping center, gymnasium or stadium, government buildings etc.In addition, can be arranged in the whole environment with reference to the network of the described a plurality of sensors of network array shown in Fig. 6 A, with the monitoring objective sample.In addition, single-sensor can comprise that controller and/or this network can comprise the central controller of communicating by letter with single controller.Described sensor can be placed in the network in the whole environment, with effective monitoring objective sample.For example, with reference to airport environment, one or more sensors can be positioned at the place that claims, examination or security checkpoints, pavement, boarding gate, aircraft etc.

Threat may comprise anyly in the environment not to be wanted or undesirable target sample, comprises for example poisonous or dangerous target sample.At decision-making square 654 places, described method comprises and judges whether to detect threat, and such as the accumulation rate of one or more attributes of the existence by target sample, target sample, target sample or quantity etc. judged.In certain embodiments, single-sensor can be partly or is judged independently whether target sample constitutes a threat to.Yet in further embodiments, whether single-sensor can send relevant being collected and/or the data of analyzed target sample to center-control, constitute a threat to so that central controller can be judged target sample.If do not detect threat (for example, being detected by central controller or one or more independent network sensor), then method 650 comprises the trend (square 656) that relevant target sample is collected and/or analyzed of preserving.Described trend can comprise target sample accumulation, accumulation rate, accumulation position, target sample type etc.In addition, described trend can local be kept in the single-sensor of collecting this part, and is kept in the central controller of reception from the indication of this information of this sensor.After preserving described trend, described method may further include from the clear at least part of target sample (square 658) of sensor, and continues monitoring of environmental (returning square 652).In certain embodiments, in order to remove the part that is collected from sensor, central controller can to the sensor transmitted signal, be removed sample with instruction sensor.

If detect threat, then method 650 comprises to threat or the trend of central controller report from sensor, and/or preserves described trend (square 660) at local sensor or central controller place.Method 650 can also be included in the part target sample that is collected that sensor 662 places preserve at least a portion.In addition, method 650 may further include removes at least a portion target sample, in order to continue or circulatory monitoring environment (square 664).Although said method 650 is applicable to the Homeland Security environment, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that method 650 can be used for other application or other environment, comprises the material that for example monitoring does not constitute a threat to.

Fig. 6 C is with the another kind of process of the quality that detects acceptable value or target part or product (for example, the existence of impurity or chemicals or composition etc.) or the process flow diagram of method 670 for quality assurance application or environment.For example, method 670 can be used for such various procedures or sub-process, wherein before beginning next process or sub-process, collects, sensing, report and/or removing event.More particularly, method 670 comprises collection sample, sensing sample existence and/or attribute and report sensing result (square 672a) in the first process in the process (for example, " process 1 ") or sub-process.Method 670 also comprises judges whether the first process causes the quality assurance of acceptable value (decision-making square 674).If quality assurance is unacceptable, then method 670 comprise the report that sends unacceptable quality, preserve be collected sample trend (for example, accumulation rate, quantity, type etc.), remove at least a portion sample, and/or stop the first process (square 676).

If quality assurance can be accepted, then method 670 comprises and allows the second process or sub-process to advance in the second process (for example, " process 2 ") and collect sample, sensing sample existence and/or attribute and report sensing result (square 672b).With reference to the second process, method 670 comprises as above the same steps as shown in 674,676 and/or 678.If quality assurance can be accepted in the second process, then method 670 (for example is included in another process, " process n ") in allow another process or sub-process to advance and collect sample, sensing sample existence and/or attribute, and report sensing result (square 672n).N Aim of Process is to indicate processes many as the deviser is desirable to be included in the method 670.With reference to n process, method 670 comprises above same steps as shown in square 674,676 and/or 678.Method 670 can comprise other processes of circulate first process of returning or continuation execution predetermined quantity.

In further embodiments, be used for collecting the target sample of microcosmic part, sensing (for example, detect sample existence and/or analyzing samples attribute), the indication of report sensing, and/or the system of removing target sample, can be used for various other application, for example comprise, comprise the security of trend analysis, the warning against danger that comprises bolt down procedure, preventive maintenance, dust free room monitoring and dust free room standard are safeguarded, comprise that with existing or external computer networks rfid system communicates by letter, comprise threat detection, the Homeland Security of attack source prediction and identification, traffic in drugs, traffic in person, terrorist's monitoring, munitions, alcohols, with prohibition of drug law enforcement, and comprise the container motion, the food chain transportation, the transportation industry of manufacture process, the chemical industry process, the medical transport process, the medicine manufacture process, fuel management and safety, natural gas line safety and quality, carbon credit record and report, and/or sense of smell medical diagnosis.For carbon credit, for example, disclosed described method and system provides reliably and follows the tracks of expediently and report the method for carbon credit in the literary composition.In further embodiments, disclosed system and method can comprise position and/or the geodata of inertial sensor to follow the tracks of relevant sensor in the literary composition.

In further embodiments, disclosed system and sensor can be used for following at least environment in the literary composition: marine industry (comprising that for example the container by truck, railway and/or boats and ships moves); Natural gas tube line mass and safety; Office of Homeland Security (comprise, such as terrorist's monitoring, threat detection, attack source prediction and identification, public transportation system safety such as airport, motorbus, canoe, steamer, truck, railway, forbid trafficing in person etc.); Munitions, alcohols and prohibition of drug law enforcement (comprise, for example stop narcotics traffic); Fluid supply or compartment system (comprising, for example water supply and dispensing); Food production, packing and transportation system; Manufacture process (comprising such as chemical industry manufacture process, medicine manufacture process etc.); Medical transport process (comprising, such as guaranteeing correct medical transport, sense of smell medical diagnosis etc.); Fuel management and safety; Carbon credit record and the report of greenhouse gases; The noxious emission monitoring of environmental protection mechanism; And/or dust free room monitoring and the maintenance of dust free room standard.

In further embodiments, described system and sensor can be used for concrete medical use.More particularly, in one embodiment, for example, disclosed sensor can provide the indication for human T cell's response in the literary composition, so that the indication of health immune system or Immunization Activities to be provided.For example, the medical professional can biopsy from patient's not yet diagnosed tumour, and provide a part of tumour as the input according to the sensor of disclosed embodiment configuration in the literary composition.This sensor correspondingly judges whether to exist the T cellular response from patient relevant with this tumour from microcosmic or minute subsample.Therefore, this sensor can provide the quick and early stage information of the activity of relevant patient's immune system and/or this tumour.In addition, patient's T cellular response only is an example according to the achieved suitable judgement of system and method for the present disclosure.For example, in further embodiments, these systems can be configured to detect other medical conditions of health or reaction (for example, as the result of concrete medical condition and cultivate concrete protein etc.).

According to additional features of the present disclosure, disclosed method and system comprises for the indicator that connects assembly or sensor in the literary composition, such as the assembly that connects that is connected to one or more conduits.Fig. 7 A for example is the side view that connects assembly 700 that comprises according to the indicator of embodiment configuration of the present disclosure.Although some features of the present disclosure are being described referring to connecting assembly 700, but these features also are used for the fluid delivery system of any type, comprise flexible conduit for example, rigid conduit, flexible pipe, plug, nozzle, sprinkler, filtrator, catheter, ductus venosus, syringe, needle tubing, the inner tube of a tyre, inner tube and/or with the parts of fluid delivery system or device-dependent any type.Turn back to accompanying drawing, Fig. 7 B is basically along the side cross-sectional view of the assembly 700 of the line 7B-7B of Fig. 7 A intercepting, and Fig. 7 C is the axonometric drawing that waits that connects assembly 700.Associating is with reference to Fig. 7 A-7C, and in the illustrated embodiment, assembly 700 comprises protruding web member 708, and this protruding web member cooperates with recessed web member 702 or is connected to recessed web member 702, to be provided to the connection of conduit 706.Assembly 700 further comprises " informing against " element, such as sensor or indicator, for the alarm of the fluid that the relevant assembly 700 of flowing through is provided or the indication of other types.In the illustrated embodiment, for example, indicator be carried at by assembly 700 connecting portion that formed by protruding web member 708 and recessed web member 702 near.More particularly, one or more indicators can be carried at protruding web member 708 shown in Fig. 7 A and 710,712,714 and/or 716 places on the recessed web member 702 by assembly.In addition, protruding web member 708 and recessed web member 702 can comprise the feature that is configured to be connected to the conduit of reduced pipe screw thread, abduction mouth or compression joint or other types or adapts to it.For example, first component or protruding web member 708 can comprise one or more thread end parts, and this thread end partly centers on the longitudinal central axis bobbin of assembly 700 to aligning.Second component or recessed web member 702 can have recessed threaded sections 710, and this section also can be around the longitudinal central axis bobbin to aligning.In addition, in the illustrated embodiment, assembly 700 is connected to has the conduit 706 that flared end is divided, and this flared end is divided against the respective surfaces of protruding web member 708 and cooperated.Assembly 700 also comprises the compressive seal 704 that is positioned between recessed web member 702 and the conduit 706.During assembling, recessed web member 702 is actuated the abduction part of compressive seal 704 and conduit 706 tightly against protruding web member 708.

In certain embodiments, inform against element or indicator can comprise detecting device or the sensor of any type, begin to leak in order to detect the seal fails and the fluid that whether and/or when to connect between assembly 700 and the conduit 706.Described indicator can provide vision to leak indication, for example to allow the leakage of user's visual inspection assembly 700.For example, described indicator can provide the leakage indication of dyeing.More particularly, when described indicator can contact in the fluid activation of being leaked (for example, with the fluid contact that leaks) or with the activating agent of the fluid that adds the assembly 700 of flowing through to, discharge coloured dye.In certain embodiments, for example, halogen can be used as activating agent such as the iodine, chlorine and/or the fluorine that are in the water, and they and indicator react and cause from element indicator 704 releasing liquids of informing against (perhaps other indications).In such an embodiment, after collecting or contacting the leak fluid molecule of relatively small amount, indicator can provide amplifying signal.Described signal can comprise, for example, and the color that detects easily, fluorescence, phosphorescence etc.In addition, other alarms or the trigger event of informing against can comprise other signals, such as generating the radio signal by the indicator emission that electric capacity, resistance and/or changes of magnetic field cause because of fluid contact or leakage by indicator 704 in indicator.

In another kind of example, indicator can respond the indication that the initial stage leakage is provided to the request signal of indicator 704 emissions.In these embodiments, inform against element indicator sensing chemistry, physics, optics, radio or calorifics information are with the leakage of detection initial stage and transmit leakage indication.In addition, detecting device can be launched the request signal for preventive maintenance, perhaps otherwise utilizes the answer request and the request signal that are used for preventive maintenance mutual.This to the data of indicator transmission or the data that send from indicator, can comprise information, such as interface sites, identity, fluid type, slip or leakage rate, applicating history etc.

In some applications, indicator comprises small-sized, miniature or nanoscale sensing circuit for example is positioned at position 712 and/or 710 places.Described circuit can be activated by near the photoelectric material that assembly 700 is carried at the indicator, and photoelectric material for example is carried at position 714 and/or 716 places.Therefore, leak if detecting device utilizes the sensor circuit at position 710 and/or 712 places to detect the initial stage, then surround lighting or inquiry light source can be to the position photoelectric material at 714 and/or 716 places photoelectric power is provided, to activate the circuit at 710 and/or 712 places.In this way, indicator can provide radio signal or serve circuit as ring oscillator, thereby produces the initial stage leakage signal, and this signal is broadcasted or is inquired about by cordless, and cordless comprises for example radiowave or infrared ray.The following quote involving microelectronics, but they included by reference in this article: http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/science/nature/4839088:http:/ / www.bio-medicine.org/biology-technology-1/Toward-worlds-smallest-ra?dio-3A-nano-sized-detector-turns-radio-waves-into-music-1330-1/:University? of? California? at? Berkeley? Physics? Department-Nanotube? Radio: Supplemental? Materials: ScienceDaily.com-"First? Fully-functional? RadioFrom? A? Single? Carbon? Nanotube? Created": PhysicsOrg.com-"Make ? Way? for? the? Real? Nanopod: Researchers? Create? First? Fully? Functional? Nanotube? Radio "and? http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=3080.php.

Fig. 8 A is the side view according to the another kind of assembly 800 of embodiment configuration of the present disclosure.Fig. 8 B is basically along the side cross-sectional, view of the line 8B-8B of Fig. 8 A intercepting, and Fig. 8 C is the amplification details drawing of the details 8C among Fig. 8 B, and Fig. 8 D is the axonometric drawing that waits of assembly 800.Associating is with reference to Fig. 8 A-8D, and illustrated components 800 is configured to pipe 806 compression seals to joint 808.For example, realize compression to lip ring 804 by fastening nut 802, be arranged in the taper receiver of the end of joint 808 to force seal element 804 to axially move to, and at least part of sinking, in order to contact at least potted line against pipe 806 formation, with the potted line that contacts that forms correspondence against joint 808.Assembly 800 also comprises can be positioned near seal element 804 or inform against sensor or indicators 810 on it.The indicator of informing against in early days that indicator 810 leaked as the initial stage is to describe and/or to broadcast suitable maintenance request signal or the assembly indication that 800 interior generations are leaked otherwise is provided.

In certain embodiments, assembly 800 also comprises the one or more detecting devices that are positioned at by position shown in 812,814 and/or 816, shown in Fig. 8 B.In conjunction with detecting device 812 and/or 814, parts 816 can responding to visible light when being queried, UV and/or microwave, in order to transmit and/or otherwise participate in preventive maintenance signal or request.Allow like this to check fast from one or more detecting device utilizations illuminations and/or the activating light source that detects any identification signal.

Shown in Fig. 8 C, assembly 800 also is included near one or more miniature circuits 801 detecting devices with one or more leakage interception vessels 803.Circuit 801 can utilize the mode of selecting from the technology of this paper instruction that signal is provided.Small-sized, miniature or nanoscale circuit can be positioned on other appropriate locations in the assembly 800 or in the position similarly, for example comprise, be positioned at as required on the nut 802, in order to when the earliest generation or indication leakage, provide the redundancy of Leak Detection and signal description to guarantee.

Fig. 9 A is the side cross-sectional, view that comprises the assembly 950 of one or more detecting devices according to another kind of embodiment configuration of the present disclosure, indicator, sensor.Fig. 9 B is the zoomed-in view of the detail D of Fig. 9 A, and Fig. 9 C is the zoomed-in view of the details C of Fig. 9 A.Fig. 9 D is the decomposition view of the assembly 950 of Fig. 9 A.Associating is with reference to Fig. 9 A-9D, and assembly 950 comprises Multifunctional elastic deformable seal spare and positioning indicator 964, elastic body annular seal 960, lip ring support member 958 and lock ring 956.Illustratively, shown in Fig. 9 A and 9D, lip ring 964 can be made by relatively soft closed pore sponge polymkeric substance, before the another kind of cross section that becomes shown in Fig. 9 A, roughly becomes the oval cross section shape.Annular groove is arranged in the pipe 952, and to receive lock ring 956, lock ring can not be expanded by the constraint of the annular gland of nut 954 as shown in the figure.Seal support member 958 is against nut 954, to make and to actuate seal 960 with annular gland and pipe 952 distortion and sealing against joint 962, with the leak free sealing of giving security, even this sealing is moved in the situation of suitable axial distance as shown in the figure at support member 956, still continue to play a role.

Positioning indicator 964 is provided for the mode of one or more preventive maintenance signals, and joint 962 is from end cap 954 axial displacements, thereby also causes sealing ring 960, support member 958 and/or manage 952 axial displacements.Be used for providing the example of preventive maintenance signal to state the zones of different that mode is included in positioning indicator 964 and use at least a different texture or color.For example, first area 970 and/or second area 972 can have different colours, are used for zone 970 such as white, and the red zone 972 that is used for.Therefore, red by white if visual inspection detects at positioning indicator 964, then positioning indicator 964 is providing leakage or other to need signal or the indication of preventive maintenance.

Small-sized, miniature or nanometer circuit is placed in the

position

982 and 984 that other appropriate ways that are used to indicate the preventive maintenance signal are included in shown in Fig. 9 B.The early detection of one or more leakage integrators or concentrator 988, the 990 pairs of maintenance request or alarm signal and activation provide signal to amplify.The circuit at 984 places can be activated by the circuit that photoelectricity is powered.Therefore, if sensor circuit or detecting

device

982 or 986 detect the initial stage and leak in the position, then surround lighting or inquiry light source provide photoelectric power, to activate radio signal or to serve circuit as ring oscillator, to produce the initial stage leakage signal, this signal is broadcasted or is inquired about such as radiowave or infrared ray stimulation by cordless from detecting device.

According to further embodiment of the present disclosure, 966 and/or 968 places illustrate in the position for the extra or back-up corner of placing small-sized, miniature or nanometer circuit, and described circuit can be activated by photoelectric circuit.Therefore, 966 and/or 968 places sense the initial stage leakage if sensor circuit or detecting device are in the position, then detecting device can send radio signal or trigger participate in circuit as ring oscillator to produce the initial stage leakage signal, and this signal is broadcasted or is inquired about such as radiowave or infrared ray magnetic pole by cordless.

Extra embodiment of the present disclosure instructs and utilizes the surface reactive material detection initial stage to leak, and leaks or the area of other fluid properties or the soakage in zone to improve or to suppress to wish to detect.In Fig. 9 D, for example, apply hydrophobic substance and/or hydrophilic substance to positioning indicator 964 (for example, O type ring), can provide fluid concentrations by the diverse location on positioning indicator 964.Can utilize these different concentration to launch or otherwise produce caution signal according to the indicator of these embodiment configuration.More particularly, positioning indicator 964 with reference to Fig. 9 D, hydrophobic substance can be applied to exterior equator region or bandage 970 places of positioning indicator 964, thereby the initial stage that prevents at least in part leaks molecule and adheres to bandage 970 (for example, bandage leaked molecule by the initial stage " soak ").In addition, hydrophobic substance can be applied to the remainder of the interior section 972 of the positioning indicator 964 that surrounds bandage 970, thereby impels interior section 972 to soak, to allow many leakage concentration and signal occurrence positions.In one embodiment, for example, respond hydrophilic soaking, outside bandage 970 and interior section 972 can provide change color, discharge stink or flavor molecule, described stink molecule or flavor molecule be easier to be responded the lip-deep parts per billion (ppb) of hydrophilic detection or PPM concentration by the scent detector in sensor circuit 982 or 986 and detects, and/or electricity or the electro-optical signal that produces from positioning indicator is provided.Understand as the person of ordinary skill in the relevant, positioning indicator 964 (perhaps disclosed any other indicator in the literary composition) part with different soakage features is not limited to the configuration shown in Fig. 9 D.

Another kind of embodiment of the present disclosure provides the hydrophobic ability of soaking that is similar to the fine hair (the perhaps superficial makings of other types) that covers peach, impels to soak some zones and prevent or forbid soaking other zones.More particularly, indicator can comprise having texture or treated surface, causes fluid (for example water) on some zone knot pearls or soaks, and prevent from soaking other zones, soaks adjacent area thereby assemble abandoned fluid.In this way, indicator can use the fluid of gathering to utilize the initial stage of low concentration to leak molecule and produce maintenance signal.In the accompanying drawings, for example, in the surface treatment of 966,968 place's detecting devices, the perhaps surface treatment on the positioning indicator 964 at 970 and/or 972 places can comprise having the zone that difference is soaked feature.In certain embodiments, for example, the hydrophobic point that detecting device or the sensor in these positions can comprise contiguous hydrophilic point.In certain embodiments, for example, these zones can comprise thin transparent titanium dioxide film, and this film exposes or otherwise accepts ultraviolet ray and inquire about light.In certain embodiments, utilize ultraviolet light to activate and provide soakage by alcohols, water and oil plant.Suitably activate titanium deoxid film, therefore can produce the nanoscale field domain, wherein hydrocarbon molecules is adsorbed, in order to the soakage for water and aqueous solution is provided, and adjacent area provides the soakage for oil plant or oil plant solution.Titanium dioxide film according to these embodiment can change, in order to concrete stimulation is produced reaction.For example, titanium dioxide film can utilize nitrogen, silver, silicon or other semiconductor reinforcing agents to mix, thereby reduction band gap, and will inquire about photoactivation customization at longer wavelength, thereby provide indication that the initial stage leaks and/or about the information of the described molecule type that relates to or other attributes of fluid.

According to the another kind of embodiment of disclosed sensor or detecting device in the literary composition, detecting device can utilize the kapillary wicking to come the interested fluid of concentrating portions.For example, the detecting device or the sensor that dispose according to embodiment of the present disclosure can comprise nanometer wicking structure, and this structure has the hole of tight spacing at the base material such as silicon dioxide, titania and carbon.The leakage molecule of capillary wicking fluid will accumulate or assemble them, be used for generating stronger signal.For example, the fluid molecule of gathering can provide for light reflective, transmittance or absorbefacient enhancing, and the signal difference as characteristic type perhaps alternatively strengthens anti-reflective, as the difference mode that is used for realizing that signal occurs.The existence of assembling or amplifying detectable molecule provides the very early stage indication of initial stage leakage.In addition, the intelligence inquire program is included leak rate trend and environmental baseline in consideration, so that security is higher and guaranteed trust to system, described system storage and/or transmission high value, danger, offensive or tedious fluid.

Disclosed herein is after the concrete composition that detects fluid or component for " monitor " of preventive maintenance measure or the another kind application of " traffic police " indicator and sensor, and identification, checking and suitable action or alarm program are provided.For example, disclosed sensor and the detecting device concrete composition in can test fluid in the literary composition, such as the key component in the pharmaceutical formulation of authorization, perhaps opposite, potentially harmful substance is such as the aflatoxin in the fluid media (medium), mycotoxin or ochracin.In this case, come the fluid of monitoring tube 592 transmission by UV, visible light and/or the IR signal of relatively transmitter 974 places generation, and this signal is launched into reader 980, and reader comprises small-sized, miniature or nanometer radio transceiver is to provide suitable function command or alarm.Transmitter 978 and transmitter 980 can be carried by assembly 950.In certain embodiments, one or more optical fiber components or photoconductive tube 974,976,977 can be launched enquiry frequency between transmitter 978 and transceiver 980.Photoconductive tube 974,976,977 can comprise selected surfacing, and described material has known refraction coefficient and/or other optical properties, produces signal by monitored specific molecular in adhesion or the fluid-absorbent.The comparative analysis of optical properties rate of change for the monitored molecular conecentration in the fluid media (medium) of accepting to monitor, provides and has analyzed or deduction.Many different selective surfaces can be arranged on diverse location place or the independent optical fiber components 974,976,977.In some instances, the fluid that conduit 952 is carried can be slowed down by valve such as 951 (Fig. 9 F) or stop, and strengthens with the signal that provides the time to be used for monitored material.In photoconductive tube 974,976,977, be used as the comparison of dispersal pattern, decay, enhancing or the reinforcement of the selected radiation frequency of request signal, allow to provide identification, checking and suitable action or alert program.

Fig. 9 C is the amplification side cross-sectional view of the tubular system 971 that carried by assembly 950 shown in Fig. 9 A, and Fig. 9 E is the side cross-sectional, view of tubular system 971, and Fig. 9 F is the synoptic diagram according to detecting device 950 environments for use of embodiment configuration of the present disclosure.Associating is with reference to Fig. 9 C, 9E and 9F, in another kind of embodiment, fluid sample in the conduit 952 is introduced in the tubular system 971, this system comprises the kapillary 971,973,975,989,979,981 etc. of selection, have various surface treatments, how much mechanisms, shape and yardsticks, show in detail such as Fig. 9 C.From fluid such as water, milk or soya-bean milk these kapillaries 971,973,975,989,979,981 the isolation after, identify selectively concrete interested molecule by proper method, such as favourable or disadvantageous reagent, comprise for example toxicological analysis thing family, described proper method such as United States Patent (USP) 4,859,611,4,181,853,5,178,832 or U.S. Patent application No.10/245, disclosed method in 758, the every portion of these patent documents all is included in herein by quoting in full.In circulation isolation with indicate between the monitored material or molecule, can by introducing suitable washing agent and/or utilizing hydrogen and/or the oxygen expulsion, remove kapillary 971,973,975,989,979,981.For example, according to the tendency about monitored material, described hydrogen and/or oxygen can provide by 961 generations of small electrolytic pond or by the generation of large-scale electrolysis pond or by another memory device, and described memory device provides pressurized hydrogen and/or oxygen to kapillary 971,973,975,989,979,981.

Fig. 9 C shows the amplification cross section of tubular system 971, wherein shows the kapillary 971,973,975,989,979,981 of various sizes and shape.Fig. 9 E shows the longitudinal cross-section of the tubulose encapsulating structure of system 971, and comprises that optoelectronic semiconductor 957 or some other suitable power supplys come the test procedure power supply of implementing for system 971.In system 971, fluid sample in kapillary 971,973,975,989,979,981 according to selected materials, size, geometry with the coating on may being applied to kapillary 971,973,975,989,979,981 viscosity, surface tension and the soakage that the produce different distance of advancing.One or more detecting devices 967 are such as photoelectricity optical pickup and/or sensor, can contact sample fluid with identification and by radio communication to controller 953 (Fig. 9 F) report, described controller comprises wireless relay or transponder, for generation of suitable alarm, fail-safe activity or authorization information.

Removing 971,973,975,989,979,981 in acceleration has in the example of advantage, for example, part as automatic anti-fault monitoring Rapid Circulation, can be produced by electrolytic cell 961 potpourri of hydrogen and oxygen, light by applying the spark plasma at 963 places, and burning is to provide fast pressure rising and flushing kapillary 971,973,975,989,979,981.This potpourri can provide by anode and the negative electrode output that mixes electrolytic cell 961, and the voltage that perhaps imposes on electrolytic cell 961 electrodes by counter-rotating is alternately to produce hydrogen and oxygen provides.In this voltage reversal process, control event and current amplitude provide the control to oxygen and hydrogen ratio in the potpourri that forms.In addition, in kapillary 971,973,975,989,979,981 cleaning operations, utilize barrier film 959 one of them electrode of isolation in cleaning operation, to separate out, allow the voltage and current of this accidental counter-rotating to be applied to another electrode 965, in order to the potpourri of the stoichiometric or enrichment of hydrogen or oxygen is provided, purpose is such as the reduction stream that reduces peak combustion temperatures, the oxidation stream that neutral current, oxygen concentration are provided or hydrogen-rich, is used for concrete clean-up performance.

If the stoichiometric potpourri burning more or less of hydrogen and oxygen, then can form a small amount of water and be discharged from and most of fluid in conduit 952 in condensation, and owing to produce and cause the vacuum of volumetric contraction in the kapillary 971,973,975,989,979,981 of Phase change shrinkage after removing, then provide and reload fast monitored sample of material.In oxygen is retained in example in the kapillary, can produce hydrogen and with these oxygen mix to form air-flow.If hydrogen is retained in the kapillary, then can produces oxygen and mix with these hydrogen in order in program, form air-flow so that test loop standardization or normalization.

With reference to Fig. 9 F, this accompanying drawing shows compressor reducer or pump 971, conduit 952, informing against connects indicator 950, controller 953, valve 951 and carry to gatherer 969.In the illustrated embodiment, any other attribute of the leakage peak concentration of conduit 952, undesirable material or fluid if detecting device or sensor 950 indications are flowed through, then detecting device 950 can produce alarm, flowing of conduit 952 can be stopped by valve 951 or be diverted in the collecting duct so that flow through, shown in Fig. 9 F.In certain embodiments, indicator 950 can wirelessly transmit or alarm to controller.Be different purposes like this, comprise elimination, later stage reference and/or validity test, protection and/or sample collection are provided.

Figure 10 is the synoptic diagram according to the fluid conduit system 1094 of embodiment configuration of the present disclosure.In the illustrated embodiment, system 1094 comprises many fluid transfer conduit 1098 of utilizing corresponding adapter assembly 1096 to be engaged with each other.Adapter assembly 1096 also can terminate at the end of conduit 1098.Connecting assembly 1096 and can roughly be similar to and abovely connect assembly and associated components with reference to Fig. 7 A-9F is described in the system shown 1094, and/or comprise any feature of the part embodiment that informs against described in the literary composition.For example, connect assembly 1096 and can comprise having the protruding web member that keeps feature, described maintenance feature engages the corresponding engagement features of recessed web member rotatably.According to another feature of system shown 1094, conduit 1098 can be roughly straight or bending conduit.For example, roughly straight conduit 1098 can comprise hard drawn pipe or pipeline, and bending conduit 1098 can comprise pipe annealing or soft or pipeline, perhaps other flexural mode conduits.The conduit 1098 of illustrated embodiment can be configured to be fit to the fluid (for example, liquid, gas etc.) of transmission or transportation of various types, is used for transmitting cable or circuit, perhaps is used for usually any other application of use conduit.In addition, conduit 1098 can be made with metal, plastics or other any suitable materials.

Figure 11 is the synoptic diagram according to the Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) 1100 of embodiment configuration of the present disclosure.Such as the exemplary demonstration of Figure 11, this device comprises according to the various sensors of embodiment of the present disclosure configuration (namely, be configured to collect target sample, detection or evaluating objects sample attribute, report analysis or detect indication and/or the sensor of removing target sample), and described sensor can make up to provide the quality control of overall system and composition to guarantee.For example, sensors A-H can be in the entire spectrum energy resource system each position by disturbance, described entire spectrum energy resource system is U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/237 that submitted on August 27th, 2009, that be entitled as " Full Spectrum Energy " for example, 479 is disclosed, and this patented claim is included in herein by quoting in full.As shown in figure 11, sensors A-H can be by central control unit 1101 remote monitoring and control.According to a kind of embodiment, sensors A-H can monitor following system features: the sensors A monitoring is to the working fluid feature (temperature, gas/liquid state, fluid composition etc.) of the position of the sun power calorifics equipment of hydrogen donor increase solar heat; The working fluid feature (temperature, gas/liquid state, chemical content etc.) of the working fluid of hot memory, sensor B monitoring inflow and outflow ground; The working fluid feature (temperature, humidity etc.) that sensor C monitoring enters system; The working fluid feature (temperature/energy etc.) at sensor D monitoring heat exchanger place; Working fluid feature in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines stream at sensor E monitoring insulation offgas duct place; Sensor F comprises a plurality of sensors that are positioned at electrolytic cell, monitoring characteristic of fluid (temperature, gas/liquid state, fluid composition, chemical content etc.); Working fluid feature (temperature/energy, humidity etc.) in the upwards exhaust manifolds of sensor G monitoring turbine position; And sensor H monitors the working fluid feature (temperature, humidity, gas content etc.) in the agriculture micro climate.

Figure 12 shows another kind of environment or the network system 1200 that comprises sensor disclosed herein.As shown in figure 12, sensor can relate to chemical monitoring and the safety tracking for the cask 1202 of truck, railway, Shipping etc.For example, sensor can be monitored the transport and communications mode for drugs, hazardous material, and/or betransported other attributes of material.In addition, sensor can be positioned on various international transport containers and/or the means of transport all sidedly, comprises for example continental rise (for example, truck, railway etc.), ocean and/or air transportation instrument.According to a kind of embodiment, system 100 can comprise sensors A, and sensors A can be visibly or invisibly is positioned in the wall 1201 of cask.If if be tampered or its state complete, then sensors A can be signaled.Sensors A also can distinctiveness the ground record that keeps door how long to open once and when open, and if the object content thing removed, indication then is provided.The object content thing can be stamped chemical tags, so that only sensors A can detect corresponding chemical tags.According to an aspect, sensors A can identify also whether people smuggling occurs.As an alternative, sensors A can be identified and whether transport drugs.Sensor B shows the sensor of the approaching door 1204 in location when door 1204 is in the close position, and when door is opened and destroys seal, correspondingly as real-time anti-tamper report.Sensor C shows the sensor at the seal place that is positioned at door 1204, and for example when door is opened and destroys seal, as real-time anti-tamper report.Sensor D shows the sensor of the intersection that is positioned at haulage truck 1206 (railcar, sea or boat-carrying transport etc.) and container 1200.If seal is destroyed, sensor D real-time report correspondingly then, and if container 1202 be exposed to any outside dangerously, carry out chemical sensing and real-time report.

Figure 13 shows according to disclosed and by the top electrolytic cell that is included in common application co-pending herein of quoting, and has at least one according to sensor of the present disclosure.In the illustrated embodiment, for example, electrolytic cell 1300 can comprise sensors A, and sensors A is positioned at outside the container 1302, monitoring first fluid web member 1304; Sensor B, sensor B are positioned at container 1302 inboards, are used for the electrolyte stream that monitoring enters the upper part of container; Sensor C, sensor C are positioned at container 1302 outsides, are used for monitoring the second web member 1306; With sensor D, sensor D is positioned at container 1302 inboards, is used for the electrolyte stream that the calm device of monitoring part under container flows away.

In operation, sensors A and C are the web member sensors, are careful the fluid leakage under the high pressure, with the early warning that provides the initial stage to leak.Therefore, sensors A and C can be used for the integrality of monitoring high-pressure system.Sensor B and D can be fluid sensor (for example, being used for the sensor of liquid and/or gas), and this sensor difference ground is monitored the chemical content of each position in electrolytic vessel and feedback is provided.Although only schematically show 4 sensors in Figure 13, in a further embodiment, electrolytic cell 1300 can comprise the sensor more than 4 that is positioned at each position on container 1302 inboards and the outside.

Be similar to abovely with reference to the described embodiment of Figure 13, in extra embodiment, sensor can networking or otherwise is positioned at all sidedly processing line or makes on the line, with the integrality of Monitoring Line or system.For example, the sensor of networking can be positioned on each suitable processing circuitry all sidedly, comprises for example chemical treatment circuit, medicine processing circuitry, gas processing circuit or pipeline, water or other fluid treatment circuits.In addition, the supervision of chemistry in these and other systems and/or identification can combining wireless radio frequency identification (RFID) systems, GPS (GPS) and/or inertia tracker, so that safety and tracker reliable and that be reinforced to be provided.

Additional system, assembly, method, parts and other features according to embodiment configuration of the present disclosure can comprise any following example.Example instructs a kind of assembly that connects be used to being connected to the end of conduit part, and the described assembly that connects comprises: the first component that is configured to receive the described end sections of described conduit; Operationally be couple to the second component of described first component, thereby wherein said second component engages described first component the described end sections of described conduit remained in the described first component; With by described the first and second parts one of them indicator that carries at least, wherein said indicator provides the outside retrievable indication of the information of the relevant described fluid that connects assembly of flowing through.

Connect in the assembly described, described indicator can be the first leakage indicator, and the described assembly that connects may further include and is positioned at the described a plurality of leakage indicators that connect diverse location on the assembly.And described the first leakage indicator can provide the indication of the first type, and the indication of the second type that is provided by the second leakage indicator is provided in the indication of described the first type.In addition, when described first component received the described end sections of described conduit, described indicator can be positioned to contact the outer surface of the described end sections of described conduit.In addition, described indicator can be configured to when the described indicator of fluid contact, with the described fluid generation chemical reaction that connects assembly of flowing through.In certain embodiments, the indication of described information can comprise the vision indication of fluid leakage, from described indicator releasing liquid.Described liquid can have the first color, and described the first color is different from described the second color that connects the fluid of assembly of flowing through.In addition, described indicator can react with the described fluid that connects assembly of flowing through, so that described vision indication to be provided.In addition, the indication of described information can comprise the vision indication that discharged by described indicator, the smell that sent by described indicator and by one of them kind of radio signal of described indicator emission.The indication of described information can also respond points to described one of them kind of visible radiation, ultraviolet radiation and microwave that connects assembly, and/or comprises the radio signal of being sent by described indicator.The variation that described radio signal can respond electric capacity, resistance and one of them kind of magnetic field of the leakage detector that is caused by the described fluid that connects assembly of flowing through provides.In addition, described indicator can comprise the circuit that is configured to the sensing fluid leakage, and the indication of wherein said fluid leakage comprises the radio signal that the described circuit by described indicator sends.And the described assembly that connects may further include the power supply that operationally is couple to described detecting device.Described power supply can be that the described photovoltaic power source that connects the external drive of assembly is pointed in response.In addition, the indication of described information can comprise the signal that is sent by described indicator, and wherein said signal comprises relevant fluid leakage amount, connects module position, one of them information of fluid leakage event.Described indicator may further include hydrophobic part and hydrophilic segment, and described conduit can be configured to transmit water, and the described hydrophilic segment of described leakage detector can be assembled the part water that contacts described indicator, to amplify the existence of water on the described leakage detector.In addition, at least a portion of described detecting device comprises titania, and the capillary module that is configured to assemble at least a portion fluid.

In further embodiments, connecting assembly can comprise: the first member that is configured to receive the part of fluid transfer conduit; Be configured to engage described first component so that the described part of described conduit is fixed tightly in the second component in described the first member, wherein said second component is aimed at described the first member axis; With the seal that engages with described the first and second members, wherein said seal provides the vision indication of described the first member with respect to the axial location of described second component.Described seal can comprise the ring that is positioned between described the first and second members, and described ring can comprise with the first of the first color with the second portion of the second color that is different from the first color.In addition, described first can be positioned at the outside herring bone zone of extending around described ring circumference, and described second portion can roughly surround described first.And, when described the first member is in the first axial location with respect to described second component, only have described the first color as seen, and deviate from described second component when separating from described the first axial location when described the first member, the first and second colors both all as seen.In addition, when described the first member is in the link position of Fluid Sealing with respect to described second component, only have the first color as seen, and when described the first member was positioned at the link position of not fluid tight with respect to described second component, the first and second colors all as seen.In addition, the described assembly that connects may further include by described the first and second parts one of them leakage detector that carries at least, if wherein described leakage detector contacts the described fluid that connects assembly of flowing through, then described leakage detector provides the indication that connects the assembly leakage from described.Described leakage indication can comprise that response connects the dyeing liquid that assembly discharges with flowing through the described fluid contact that connects assembly from described.In addition, described leakage detector can react with the fluid of the described assembly of flowing through, and the color of the fluid that contacts with described leakage detector of change.Described leakage indication can also comprise from the radio signal of described leakage detector emission.Described leakage indicator can also respond the stimulation of pointing to described leakage detector.Described stimulation can comprise one of them kind of visible radiation, ultraviolet radiation and microwave.In addition, described seal can comprise the first seal, and the described assembly that connects may further include: from axially spaced the second seal of described the first seal; Be positioned adjacent to and contact the seal supporting member of described the second seal; With by described the first and second members one of them leakage detector that carries at least, wherein said leakage indicator is configured to provide from connecting assembly through the indication of the fluid leakage of described the second seal.

Judge that the method that connects the commitment that leaks in the assembly can comprise: the conduit that is provided for transmitting fluid; To connect assembly and be connected to described conduit, the wherein said assembly that connects comprises the first component that is couple to described conduit, thereby be configured to engage described first component described conduit is remained on second component in the described first component, with by described the first and second parts one of them leakage detector that carries at least; With allow flow through described conduit and the described assembly that connects, if the described leakage indicator of described fluid contact wherein, then described leakage detector response connects the fluid leakage of assembly and warning is provided from described.Described method can also comprise: allowing flow in described conduit, provide stimulation to described leakage detector.Provide stimulation can comprise to described leakage indicator and send one of them kind of visible radiation, ultraviolet radiation and microwave, and described warning is amplified in wherein said stimulation.In addition, described warning can comprise the vision indication of fluid leakage.The described assembly that connects is connected with described fluid detector and may further include: provide by described and connect the sensor circuit that assembly carries, and wherein said warning comprises the radio signal by described sensor circuit emission.

The another kind of embodiment of fluid conduit system can comprise: the first conduit that is configured to transmit fluid; Be disposed for transmitting the second conduit of this fluid; And be configured to described the first conduit is couple to described the second conduit is used for transmitting fluid between them the assembly that connects, the wherein said assembly that connects comprises: be configured to be connected at least first component of one of them of described the first and second conduits; Second component by described first component carries keeps at least the first and second conduits thereby wherein said second component engages described first component; With by described the first and second parts one of them leakage indicator that carries at least, if wherein fluid leaks from the described assembly that connects between described the first and second conduits, then described leakage indicator provides warning.Described first component can be to have the vis-a-vis main body of the first end part of the second end part, and described first end partly is couple to described the first conduit, and described the second end partly is couple to described the second conduit; And described second component can be sleeve pipe, and described sleeve pipe and described main body are aimed at and are arranged on one of them at least one zone of described the first and second end sections.Described leakage indicator can be positioned to contact described the first and second conduits at least one of them.In addition, described warning can comprise from described and connects the outside retrievable vision indication of assembly.In extra embodiment, described warning comprises the radio signal that connects the assembly emission from described, thereby described fluid leakage is given the alarm.And described warning can respond the inquiry stimulation of pointing to described fluid conduit systems assembly and be received.Described inquiry stimulates can comprise one of them kind of visible radiation, ultraviolet radiation, microwave, infrared radiation and radio signal.In addition, described the first and second conduits can be first group of conduits, and the described assembly that connects can be related with first group of corresponding conduit first to connect assembly, and described fluid conduit system may further include: the many groups conduit that roughly is similar to described first group of conduit; With a plurality of assemblies that connect, wherein each connects assembly and roughly is similar to described first and connects assembly, and wherein each to connect assembly related with one group of corresponding conduit.

From aforementioned content, should be appreciated that specific embodiments of the invention for the purpose that example is stated is described, but under prerequisite without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can make various changes.Therefore, except the claims that attached limited, the present invention was not restricted.

Formerly be not included in by reference in the situation herein, the application is by quoting in full the subject content that comprises the every portion of following material: body February 14 in 2011 procurator's document No.69545-8601.US00 that submit to, that be entitled as " CHEMICAL PROCESSES AND REACTORS FOR EFFICIENTLY PRODUCING HYDROGEN FUELS AND STRUCTURAL MATERIALS, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS "; The procurator's document No.69545-8602.US00 that submitted on February 14th, 2011, be entitled as " REACTOR VESSELS WITH TRANSMISSIVE SURFACES FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN-BASED FUELS AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS "; The procurator's document No.69545-8603.US00 that submitted on February 14th, 2011, be entitled as " CHEMICAL REACTORS WITH RE-RADI ATING SURFACES AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS "; The procurator's document No.69545-8604.US00 that submitted on February 14th, 2011, be entitled as " THERMAL TRANSFER DEVICE AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS "; The procurator's document No.69545-8605.US00 that submitted on February 14th, 2011, be entitled as " CHEMICAL REACTORS WITH ANNULARLY POSITIONED DELIVERY AND REMOVAL DEVICES, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS "; The procurator's document No.69545-8606.US00 that submitted on February 14th, 2011, be entitled as " REACTORS FOR CONDUCTING THERMOCHEMICAL PROCES SES WITH SOLAR HEAT INPUT, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS "; The procurator's document No.69545-8608.US00 that submitted on February 14th, 2011, be entitled as " INDUCTION FORTHERMOCHEMICAL PROCESS, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS ANDMETHODS "; The procurator's document No.69545-8611.US00 that submitted on February 14th, 2011, be entitled as " COUPLED THERMOCHEMICAL REACTORS AND ENGINES, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS "; The U.S. Patent application No.61/385 that submitted on September 22nd, 2010, be entitled as " REDUCING AND HARVESTING DRAG ENERGY ON MOBILE ENGINES USING THERMAL CHEMICAL REGENERATION ", 508; The procurator's document No.69545-8616.US00 that submitted on February 14th, 2011, be entitled as " REACTOR VESSELS WITH PRESSURE AND HEAT TRANSFER FEATURES FOR PRODUCINGHYDROGEN-BASED FUELS AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS "; With procurator's document No.69545-8701.US00 that submit to, that be entitled as " ARCHITECTURAL CONSTRUCT HAVING FOR EXAMPLE A PLURALITY OF ARCHITECTURAL CRYSTALS " on February 14th, 2011.

Claims

1. method for detection of target sample existence and/or attribute, described method comprises:

Utilize applicator to collect selectively the target sample of microcosmic part;

Utilize described applicator to detect following at least one:

The existence of target sample in described applicator of described microcosmic part; With

One or more attributes of the target sample of described microcosmic part;

Report the indication of detection of described one or more attributes of the target sample of described microcosmic part from described applicator; With

Remove at least in part the target sample of described microcosmic part from described applicator.

2. the method for claim 1, wherein said applicator is made of Structural Tectonics, and described Structural Tectonics comprises that isolated crystal matrix characterizes the bed of material.

3. method as claimed in claim 2, the target sample of wherein collecting selectively described microcosmic part comprises following at least one:

Filter the individual molecule of described target sample by the corresponding bed of material of described Structural Tectonics;

Between the corresponding bed of material of described Structural Tectonics, absorb the individual molecule of described target sample;

The target sample of the described microcosmic part of reflection between the corresponding bed of material of described Structural Tectonics;

Between the corresponding bed of material of described Structural Tectonics, utilize capillary action to extract the target sample of described microcosmic part; With

The pressure gradient of inducting, described pressure gradient are actuated the target sample of described microcosmic part at least in part between the corresponding bed of material of described Structural Tectonics.

4. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein utilize described applicator to detect and comprise following at least one:

The loading speed of the target sample of described part between the corresponding bed of material of the described Structural Tectonics of sensing;

The loading degree of depth of the target sample of described part between the corresponding bed of material of the described Structural Tectonics of sensing;

Between the corresponding bed of material of the described Structural Tectonics of sensing transmittance, reflectivity and the refractivity of the target sample of described part one of them; With

The wavelength shift of the target sample of described part between the corresponding bed of material of the described Structural Tectonics of sensing.

5. the method for claim 1, report that wherein the indication of detection of one or more attributes of the target sample of described part comprises:

Utilize nanometer radio transmission radio signal;

Generation current;

Provide response for request signal; With

Independent gatherer in the network of gatherer part partly provides signal

6. method as claimed in claim 2, the target sample of wherein removing at least in part described part comprises: utilize the target sample of removing at least in part described part with the same method of the target sample of collecting selectively described part.

7. the method for claim 1, wherein said applicator is the first applicator in the network of a plurality of applicator, and wherein said method further comprise utilize that a plurality of single applicator are implemented to collect, detected, report and remove step.

8. the method for claim 1 further comprises: analyze one or more attributes of described microcosmic part to determine one or more individual features of described target sample.

9. method comprises:

Utilize the independently target sample of sensing part collection microcosmic part;

Utilize the automatically at least a attribute of the target sample of the microcosmic part that is collected of sensing of described sensing part; With

The real-time outside retrievable indication of described at least a attribute is provided from described sensing part.

10. method as claimed in claim 9, at least a attribute of the described microcosmic part of sensing wherein comprises:

Detect the existence of the target sample of described part; With

Analyze one or more material properties of described target sample.

11. method as claimed in claim 9 further comprises: remove the described target sample of at least a portion and repeat circularly described collection, sensing and outside retrievable indication is provided from described sensing part.

12. method as claimed in claim 9, wherein collecting microcosmic partly comprises: collect the described target sample of the part of molecular dimension, and wherein at least a attribute of sensing comprises: from least a attribute of described target sample sensing of the part of described molecular dimension.

13. method as claimed in claim 9 is wherein collected microcosmic and is partly comprised: the described target sample of scheduled volume that accumulates the described at least a attribute of the described target sample of enough sensings.

14. method as claimed in claim 9, the sample of wherein collecting the microcosmic part comprises: the sample of collecting the microcosmic part at least one in following environment or system: quality assurance, preventive maintenance, safety and warning against danger, Homeland Security and chemistry supervision.

15. a system comprises:

Be used for collecting selectively the device of the target sample of part, wherein said part is the microcosmic part for the size of described target sample;

Be used for automatically detecting the device of existence of one or more attributes of the target sample of the part that is collected;

The device that is used for described one or more attributes of the described microcosmic of automatic analysis target sample partly; With

Be used for reporting the device of instantaneous indication of analysis of described one or more attributes of described target sample.

16. system as claimed in claim 15 further comprises: the device that is used for removing from the device of described target sample for collecting selectively described part the target sample of described part.

17. system as claimed in claim 15, wherein said device, each that is used for device, the device that is used for automatic analysis that automatically detects and the device that is used for report for collecting selectively is the part of first sensor, and wherein said system further comprises:

A plurality of sensors, each sensor have the feature identical with described first sensor; With

Be configured to described sensor in the controller of at least one sensor communication.

18. system as claimed in claim 17, wherein said a plurality of sensors are distributed at least a following environment all sidedly: public transportation system; Supply water or water distribution system; Food production, packing or transportation system; The natural gas line compartment system; Medical delivery system; And/or chemistry or medicine manufacturing system.

19. system as claimed in claim 15, the device of wherein said target sample for collecting selectively described part comprises Structural Tectonics, and described Structural Tectonics comprises that the isolated crystal matrix of the described target sample that is configured to load single part characterizes the bed of material.

20. system as claimed in claim 15, the device of wherein said target sample for collecting selectively part comprises: the device of described target sample that is used for accumulating the part of one or more independent molecular dimensions.