CN102944844A - Device for emergency ignition and fault diagnosis of vehicular lead-acid storage battery and method - Google Patents
Device for emergency ignition and fault diagnosis of vehicular lead-acid storage battery and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102944844A CN102944844A CN2012104336652A CN201210433665A CN102944844A CN 102944844 A CN102944844 A CN 102944844A CN 2012104336652 A CN2012104336652 A CN 2012104336652A CN 201210433665 A CN201210433665 A CN 201210433665A CN 102944844 A CN102944844 A CN 102944844A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for emergency ignition and fault diagnosis of a vehicular lead-acid storage battery and a method, and the device and the method belong to the technical field of vehicular storage battery fault detection. The device takes a singlechip as a core, wherein the singlechip is connected with switches K1, K2 and K3, an instrument working and starting power, a to-be-detected storage battery, a keyboard and a liquid crystal display and form a special instrument for the fault diagnosis and the emergency ignition of the storage battery integrating multiple functions of parameter detection, state diagnose and the emergency ignition. The invention further discloses a method for rapid fault diagnosis for the storage battery and the automobile emergency ignition, which puts forward that comprehensive automobile storage battery open circuit voltage, discharging current, cut-off voltage and an environmental temperature of the storage battery are detected comprehensively; and battery electromotive force and internal resistance of the storage battery, cold starting current and electric capacity are measured and calculated and taken as four important evaluation indexes for symbolizing the performance of the storage battery. The device is an important auxiliary tool for maintaining the automobile storage battery, integrating the emergency ignition function, and starting the automobile smoothly, and is reasonable in design and simple, convenient and fast to use.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to car battery fault detection technique field, particularly a kind of vehicle lead-acid battery fault diagnosis, emergent portfire and method.
Background technology
Automobile batteries is power or the working power of automobile start, igniting, illumination, car-mounted electronic device and power window.During the normal starting automobile, engine is from the static overall process that begins to turn to idle running, needs accumulator that 300A is provided, continues the heavy current of 3-5s, when winter temperature is low, engine start needs relatively high power, and starting current need to be increased to 500-600A or higher.Firing system in time provides the electric spark of enough energy for the combustion mixture that has compressed in the gasoline engine cylinder, make and start in time promptly work done of function, if need accumulator provide 5-15A, 20-100Hz the recurrent pulse initial firing current " with reference to Wang Guihuai. the discussion of Automotive Electronic Ignition System primary current value [J]. Wuhan traffic Professional School journal, Vol. 8, No. 4,2006, (12) 76-78. ".When even automobile leaves standstill, the electronic equipment on the car also can consume electric energy, and for example, the wireless receiver of electric door lock for vehicle is in running order all the time, " slipping electric " phenomenon that people are commonly called as occurs, and long-time " slipping electric " can make accumulator capacity reduce.In northern China, wintry weather is cold, day and night temperature is large, accumulator loses for a long time Rong Haihui and causes the electrolyte crystallization, claim again sulfuration, namely the hard crystalline solid lead sulfate of surface attachment one deck of internal storage battery negative plate, grid white charges normal the crystal that also is difficult to peel off negative plate and grid surface, can not make it to be converted into active substance, cause accumulator property to descend; Vulcanize and cause can not filling electricity or the problem of " full filling, running light " when serious.Fairly obvious, the superperformance of automobile storage battery is the smoothly important guarantee of starting of automobile, the research automobile storage battery when the abnormal failure such as occurring can't starting, can not strike sparks quick diagnosis and the method for car emergency starting, exploitation is used for the specialized equipment of the diagnosis of automobile storage battery faulty behavior and emergency start, has realistic meaning and using value.
How to judge that whether the on-vehicle battery state well is a difficult problem for a long time, relevant scholar and engineering technical personnel have carried out a large amount of research and test both at home and abroad, have obtained many achievements.At document " Li Liwei, Zou Jiyan. the research of accumulator internal resistance measurement mechanism [J]. power technology, Vol.27, No.1,2003, (1) 40-44 " in, existing several straight-flow system single battery internal resistance of cell measuring methods such as densimetry, open-circuit voltage method, direct-current discharge method and AC method etc. are compared analysis, their relative merits have been pointed out, and a kind of new single battery internal resistance of cell measuring method---AC frequency conversion mensuration has been proposed, can realize on-line measurement; Document " Xue Zhen frame, Zheng Rongliang. the research [J] of accumulator of electric car dump energy measurement technology. Jiangsu Science ﹠ Engineering Univ.'s journal (natural science edition), Vol.22 No.2,2001, (3) 51-55 " propose to adopt the method for time-dependent current multiple measurement to determine electromotive force and internal resistance, try to achieve simultaneously the dump energy of accumulator with the ampere-hour method, and determine nonlinear relationship between storage battery kinetic potential and internal resistance and the dump energy by setting up neural network model, determine dump energy by electromotive force and internal resistance are corresponding at last, avoided traditional ampere-hour method in the problem of not knowing that original state just can't be worked.Document " Sunfeng chun, Zhang chengning, Gao haitao. Battery management system with state of charge indicator for electric Vehicles. Beijing Institute of Technology, 1998, (2) " adopt take ampere-hour method-Peukert formula-open-circuit voltage method as rudimentary algorithm, carry out the exploitation of battery management system, consider that simultaneously the factors such as temperature, self discharge, use cycle life are on the impact of lead-acid battery residual capacity prediction; Document " Qi's light etc. the research [J] of electric automobile electric quantity metering technology. Tsing-Hua University's journal, Vol.37, No.3,1997, (3). " a kind of new method of measuring battery dump energy based on open-circuit voltage method and ampere-hour method proposed.According to battery temperature, operating position and self discharge factor, adopt parameters self-tuning, the self-tuning technology based on Artificial Intelligence of deviation to obtain the capacity of battery on this basis.
Domestic more typical battery-detecting instrument table is in document " Li Qiang China, Dang Hongshe, open life, Li Xiaolei. the design of portable storage battery parameter tester and realization [J]. electrical measurement and instrument, Vol.44, No.495,2007, (3) 47-54. " and document " Chu Kaibin, Chen Shuyue, He Baoxiang. the design of accumulator capacity ability meter [J]. electrical measurement and instrument, Vol.48, No.546,2011, (6) 71-74. " in, report accumulator internal resistance tester and adopted the small current electric quantity relative method, accumulator is connected with high-accuracy resistance, obtain the internal resistance of accumulator by measure electric weight that current signal consumes on the two, the portable storage battery parameter tester of development is tested the useful capacity of accumulator take single chip computer AT 89S52 as control core by Big Current Discharge, find deteriorated battery, and can record real-time many Battery packs measurement data; And linear charge-discharge modules scheme, the capacity, life-span and the combo index that are used for testing accumulator.
Advanced measuring instrument such as GR-1 accumulator detect charger and adopt conductance technology test battery condition in the world, and test result can be tested accumulator before, during and after charging accurately and reliably, are one of battery condition testers the most accurately now.GR-1 can effectively control charging current and voltage with optimum mise-a-la-masse method during charging, and only need 1h just can be charged.Have the advanced level user interface, the phenomenon of maloperation can not occur.Have the auxiliary starter function, starting current and the on-board charging voltage of 250A can be provided.Have the trickle charge function, be not afraid of the duration of charging long.Be not difficult to find, domestic battery-detecting instrument table spininess is to internal resistance or two indexs of capacity, the function of instrument rests on the aspect of output test data only substantially, the many at short notice clear and definite accumulator properties of layman, and China 2005 has promulgated and enforced new lead-acid starter battery technical conditions and description
[, yet there are no bibliographical information and satisfy diagnosis scheme or instrument standard-required in 2005, that accumulator made comprehensive evaluation;
The advanced battery measuring instrument adopts conductance technology test battery condition more in the world, whether reaches reference value by prediction accumulator cold start electric current and judges whether accumulator will be changed; Because it is different that China's lead-acid starter battery national standard and product variety and specification and same kind of products at abroad model have, direct also actual conditions of not exclusively suitable China of the battery-detecting instrument of import.In addition, under the abnormal case of can't starting, can not strike sparks etc. at automobile, the emergent sparking mode that is widely used has two kinds: (1) uses vehicle-mounted standby lead-acid battery starting, and this mode is placed on for a long time in the boot and does not calculate very much because the lead-acid accumulator volume and weight is all larger; (2) use the accumulator drive of another car by making contact, this mode obviously is difficult to realize when bicycle is gone on a journey alone.Simultaneously, can't distinguish that unusual accumulator is owing in the situation that thanks to appearance or fault cause starting, if rashly make contact starting under the failure situations such as internal storage battery dead short, short-circuit current occurs most probably excessive, even develop into the serious accidents such as battery explosion is on fire.This shows, the quick diagnosis of the faulty behaviors such as can't starting, can not strike sparks of research automobile storage battery and the method for car emergency starting and the specialized equipment of emergency start are very important.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of automobile start with lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis, emergent portfire and method, it is characterized in that, take single-chip microcomputer 1 as core, the 1st pin, the 5th pin of single-chip microcomputer 1 pass through respectively K
1Switch, K
3Switch is connected with the positive pole that instrument work is connected with startup power supply, the 2nd pin connects the negative pole of instrument work and startup power supply 4 and the end of discharge resistance R simultaneously, then be connected to the negative terminal 12 of accumulator 10 to be measured by discharge examination signal and emergent igniting negative pole line 9, the 6th pin and the K of the other end of discharge resistance R and single-chip microcomputer 1
2Switch connects, and is connected with the 4th pin of single-chip microcomputer 1 by battery discharging current detection signal line 8 again; The 3rd pin of single-chip microcomputer 1 is by battery discharging voltage detection signal line 6, K
2Switch detects anodal line 7 and K by battery discharging
2Switch is connected with the positive terminal 11 of accumulator 10 to be measured by the emergent igniting of accumulator line 5; The 7th pin of single-chip microcomputer 1 connects keyboard and interface circuit 2 thereof, the 8th pin connecting fluid crystal display and the interface circuit 3 thereof of single-chip microcomputer 1; The 9th pin of single-chip microcomputer 1 connects temperature sensor 13 by temperature sensor signal line 14.
Described K
1Switch is the working power switch of instrument; Described K
2Switch is that instrument detects the in short-term electronic switch of control of discharge, carries out the battery discharging current detecting with discharge resistance R; Described K
3Switch is the electronic switch of emergent IGNITION CONTROL, when instrument is judged need meet an urgent need ignition operation the time, and single-chip microcomputer 1 Electronic Control K then
3Switch, closed emergent ignition circuit provides emergent initial firing current.
Described instrument work and startup power supply pass through K
1Switch provides work and startup power supply for instrument.
Described automobile start comprises the steps: with lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis and emergent ignition method
(1) connects discharge loop line between instrument and the accumulator to be measured, anodal line 7 usefulness of discharge examination are clamped the positive terminal 11 of accumulator 10 to be measured with the electrical terminal of sheath, access the K of the discharge loop of instrument
2One end of switch, K
2The other end serial connection discharge resistance R of switch, the other end of discharge resistance R takes back the negative terminal 12 of accumulator 10 to be measured through discharge examination and emergent igniting negative pole line 9, simultaneously, the positive terminal 11 of accumulator 10 to be measured is by battery tension signal lines 6 access single-chip microcomputers 1, for detection of the open-circuit voltage of accumulator to be measured, the discharge current of detection accumulator to be measured, the in short-term final voltage of discharge; Also has temperature sensor 13 through temperature sensor signal lines 14 access single-chip microcomputers 1, for detection of the environment temperature of accumulator to be measured;
(2) closed instrument working power K1 switch, instrument initialization unit waits for that the keyboard input detects, diagnostic instruction, when single-chip microcomputer has detected keyboard detection, when diagnostic instruction is assigned, carried out following measuring and calculating:
1) surveys accumulator port open-circuit voltage U to be measured
Open circuit
2) closed electronics K switch
2, connect in short-term discharge loop, survey in short-term discharge current I
DischargeWith final voltage U
Stop, the battery environment temperature t
Environment
3) internal resistance (R of measuring and calculating automobile storage battery
0), charged capacity (SOC), cold start electric current (CCA), the foundation of its measuring and calculating is as follows:
1. internal resistance (the R of automobile storage battery
0)
The difference of accumulator recovery voltage and final voltage is divided by discharge current
That is: R
0=(U
Recover-U
Stop)/I
Discharge(1)
In the formula: R
0=accumulator is at discharge current I
DischargeThe time interior resistance;
U
RecoverRecovery voltage after=battery discharging finishes, accumulator can static a few hours, at this moment U after once using on the car
RecoverBe considered to battery open-circuit voltage U
Open circuit
U
Stop=accumulator is with discharge current I
DischargeFinal voltage when discharging in short-term;
I
Discharge=discharge current; (getting 15A)
2. cold start electric current (CCA)
Cold start electric current (CCA) is the important quality index of weighing cold-starting ability, its definition is: the accumulator that each reserve of electricity is fully loaded, nominal voltage is 12 V is after-18 ℃ (or 0 ℉) lower intensity discharge is exported 9 seconds, voltage must not be lower than 9V, after 60 seconds, when battery tension still can remain on more than 8.4 volts voltage, the Ampere currents number that this accumulator can provide; The cold start amperage is the current capacity that sparks of emphasis examination accumulator, and being provides the reliable and real energy for starting, the igniting that guarantees motor car engine; Progressively introduce the type selecting that cold cranking amps (CCA) comes standard motor car engine cold start test and accumulator; Its measuring method is at first according to Ohm law, to ask the cold start electric current I of accumulator
s(A)
Then, carry out the temperature correction, try to achieve the cold start electric current I of accumulator to be measured under-18 ℃
s(A), and with GB in the accumulator cold start current reference value of corresponding specification compare, whether reach the GB requirement with the cold start electric current of judging accumulator to be measured,
3. battery charge capacity (SOC) is according to measured open-circuit voltage U
Open circuitWith the cold start electric current I
s(CCA) direct measuring battery charge capacity (SOC);
Thereby, by the open-circuit voltage U of comprehensive detection automobile starting with lead-acid accumulator
Open circuit, discharge current I in short-term
DischargeWith final voltage U
StopAnd battery environment temperature t
EnvironmentThe electromotive force E:(electromotive force E that can calculate four important parameter-automobile storage batteries that characterize accumulator property is the static recovery voltage of accumulator), internal resistance R
0, charged capacity (SOC), cold start electric current I
s(CCA).
(3) above-mentioned calculation of measured data is analyzed, disclose automobile start waste lead-acid accumulators mechanism, status flag and the differences such as accumulator open circuit, single lattice short circuit, dead short, sulfuration and accumulator property degeneration form on this basis for automobile start lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis, processing scheme.
Described step (3) is as follows with lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis, treatment scheme to automobile start: the electromotive force E＜0.5V of described accumulator, and if so, then tracing trouble is accumulator dead short, can not be used for emergent igniting, should change immediately accumulator; If not, then judge the electromotive force E of accumulator〉11.5V, if so, the internal resistance R of accumulator then
0＜0.05, be diagnosed as accumulator normal, can be used for emergent igniting, after the igniting, adopt generator charging, if not, then judge discharge current I
Discharge＜0.5A if so, is diagnosed as the accumulator open circuit, can be used for emergent igniting, changes accumulator after the igniting; If not discharge current I
Discharge＜0.5A, the internal resistance R of accumulator
0＜0.1, be then to be diagnosed as accumulator to degenerate, otherwise be diagnosed as storage battery vulcanization, all be used for emergent igniting, change accumulator after the igniting; The electromotive force E of described accumulator is not more than 11.5V, and the electromotive force E of accumulator〉9.5V, if not, the internal resistance R of accumulator then
0＜0.1, if so, be diagnosed as accumulator and degenerate, if not, be diagnosed as storage battery vulcanization; The electromotive force E of described accumulator is greater than 9.5V, then the internal resistance R of accumulator
0＜0.05, be, be diagnosed as the battery cell open circuit, can be used for emergent igniting, change accumulator after the igniting, be not, then the internal resistance R of accumulator
00.1, if so, be diagnosed as storage battery vulcanization, if not, be diagnosed as accumulator and degenerate.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows that the present invention characterizes in four important evaluation index situations of accumulator property at electromotive force, charged capacity, internal resistance and the cold start-up electric current etc. of composite measurement automobile starting with lead-acid accumulator, status flag and the differences such as accumulator open circuit, single lattice short circuit, dead short, sulfuration and accumulator property degeneration have been disclosed, form on this basis a cover for automobile starting lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis, processing scheme, thereby can diagnose out the malfunction of accumulator quickly and easily.And in conjunction with actual user demand, security and the convenience of emergency starting under the abnormal case such as consider can't to start, can not strike sparks at automobile, instrument is organically integrated with lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis and emergent ignition function with automobile starting.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that automobile start reaches emergent igniting instrument key wiring diagram with the lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis.
Fig. 2 is automobile start lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis flow scheme block diagram.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of automobile start lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis, emergent portfire and method.Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further described.
Figure 1 shows that automobile start reaches emergent igniting instrument key wiring diagram with the lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis.Among the figure, take single-chip microcomputer 1 as core, the 1st pin, the 5th pin of single-chip microcomputer 1 pass through respectively K
1Switch, K
3Switch is connected with the positive pole that instrument work is connected with startup power supply, passes through K
1Switch provides work and startup power supply for instrument.The 2nd pin of single-chip microcomputer 1 connects the negative pole of instrument work and startup power supply 4 and the end of discharge resistance R simultaneously, then be connected to the negative terminal 12 of accumulator 10 to be measured by discharge examination signal and emergent igniting negative pole line 9, the 6th pin and the K of the other end of discharge resistance R and single-chip microcomputer 1
2Switch connects, and is connected with the 4th pin of single-chip microcomputer 1 by battery discharging current detection signal line 8 again; The 3rd pin of single-chip microcomputer 1 is by battery discharging voltage detection signal line 6, K
2Switch detects anodal line 7 and K by battery discharging
2Switch is connected with the positive terminal 11 of accumulator 10 to be measured by the emergent igniting of accumulator line 5; The 7th pin of single-chip microcomputer 1 connects keyboard and interface circuit 2 thereof, the 8th pin connecting fluid crystal display and the interface circuit 3 thereof of single-chip microcomputer 1; The 9th pin of single-chip microcomputer 1 connects temperature sensor 13 by temperature sensor signal line 14.K wherein
1Switch is the working power switch of instrument; Described K
2Switch is that instrument detects the in short-term electronic switch of control of discharge, carries out the battery discharging current detecting with discharge resistance R; Described K
3Switch is the electronic switch of emergent IGNITION CONTROL, when instrument is judged need meet an urgent need ignition operation the time, and single-chip microcomputer 1 Electronic Control K then
3Switch, closed emergent ignition circuit provides emergent initial firing current.
Fig. 2 is depicted as automobile start lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis flow scheme block diagram.Illustrate automobile start as follows with the step of lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis and emergent ignition method:
1. connect the discharge loop line between instrument and the accumulator to be measured, anodal line 7 usefulness of discharge examination are clamped the positive terminal 11 of accumulator 10 to be measured with the electrical terminal of sheath, the K of the discharge loop of access instrument
2One end of switch, K
2The other end serial connection discharge resistance R of switch, the other end of discharge resistance R takes back the negative terminal 12 of accumulator 10 to be measured through discharge examination and emergent igniting negative pole line 9, simultaneously, the positive terminal 11 of accumulator 10 to be measured is by battery tension signal lines 6 access single-chip microcomputers 1, for detection of the open-circuit voltage of accumulator to be measured, the discharge current of detection accumulator to be measured, the in short-term final voltage of discharge; Also has temperature sensor 13 through temperature sensor signal lines 14 access single-chip microcomputers 1, for detection of the environment temperature of accumulator to be measured;
2. closed instrument working power K1 switch, instrument initialization unit waits for that the keyboard input detects, diagnostic instruction, when single-chip microcomputer has detected keyboard detection, when diagnostic instruction is assigned, carried out following measuring and calculating:
1) surveys accumulator port open-circuit voltage U to be measured
Open circuit
2) closed electronics K switch
2, connect in short-term discharge loop, survey in short-term discharge current I
DischargeWith final voltage U
Stop, the battery environment temperature t
Environment
3) internal resistance (R of measuring and calculating automobile storage battery
0), charged capacity (SOC), cold start electric current (CCA), the foundation of its measuring and calculating is as follows:
1. internal resistance (the R of automobile storage battery
0)
The difference of accumulator recovery voltage and final voltage is divided by discharge current
That is: R
0=(U
Recover-U
Stop)/I
Discharge(1)
In the formula: R
0=accumulator is at discharge current I
DischargeThe time interior resistance;
U
RecoverRecovery voltage after=battery discharging finishes, accumulator can static a few hours, at this moment U after once using on the car
RecoverBe considered to battery open-circuit voltage U
Open circuit
U
Stop=accumulator is with discharge current I
DischargeFinal voltage when discharging in short-term;
I
Discharge=discharge current; (getting 15A)
2. cold start electric current (CCA)
Cold start electric current (CCA) is the important quality index of weighing cold-starting ability, its definition is: the accumulator that each reserve of electricity is fully loaded, nominal voltage is 12 V is after-18 ℃ (or 0 ℉) lower intensity discharge is exported 9 seconds, voltage must not be lower than 9V, after 60 seconds, when battery tension still can remain on more than 8.4 volts voltage, the Ampere currents number that this accumulator can provide; The cold start amperage is the current capacity that sparks of emphasis examination accumulator, and being provides the reliable and real energy for starting, the igniting that guarantees motor car engine; Progressively introduce the type selecting that cold cranking amps (CCA) comes standard motor car engine cold start test and accumulator; Its measuring method is at first according to Ohm law, to ask the cold start electric current I of accumulator
s(A)
Then, carry out the temperature correction, try to achieve the cold start electric current I of accumulator to be measured under-18 ℃
s(A), and with GB in the accumulator cold start current reference value of corresponding specification compare, whether reach the GB requirement with the cold start electric current of judging accumulator to be measured,
3. battery charge capacity (SOC) is according to measured open-circuit voltage U
Open circuitWith the cold start electric current I
sDirect measuring battery charge capacity (SOC);
Thereby, by the open-circuit voltage U of comprehensive detection automobile starting with lead-acid accumulator
Open circuit, discharge current I in short-term
DischargeWith final voltage U
StopAnd battery environment temperature t
EnvironmentCan calculate four important parameters that characterize accumulator property---the static recovery voltage that is accumulator), internal resistance R the electromotive force of automobile storage battery (E:
0, charged capacity (SOC), cold start electric current (CCA).
3. above-mentioned calculation of measured data is analyzed, disclose automobile start waste lead-acid accumulators mechanism, status flag and the differences such as accumulator open circuit, single lattice short circuit, dead short, sulfuration and accumulator property degeneration form on this basis for automobile start lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis, processing scheme.
Described step 3 pair automobile start is as follows with lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis, treatment scheme: the electromotive force E＜0.5V of described accumulator, and if so, then tracing trouble is accumulator dead short, can not be used for emergent igniting, should change immediately accumulator; If not, the electromotive force E of accumulator then〉11.5V, if so, the internal resistance R of accumulator then
0＜0.05, be diagnosed as accumulator normal, can be used for emergent igniting, after the igniting, adopt generator charging, if not, discharge current I then
Discharge＜0.5A if so, is diagnosed as the accumulator open circuit, can be used for emergent igniting, changes accumulator after the igniting; If not discharge current I
Discharge＜0.5A, the internal resistance R of accumulator
0＜0.1, be then to be diagnosed as accumulator to degenerate, otherwise be diagnosed as storage battery vulcanization, can both be used for emergent igniting, change accumulator after the igniting; The electromotive force E of described accumulator is not more than 11.5V, and the electromotive force E of accumulator〉9.5V, if not, the internal resistance R of accumulator then
0＜0.1, if so, be diagnosed as accumulator and degenerate, if not, be diagnosed as storage battery vulcanization; The electromotive force E of described accumulator is greater than 9.5V, then the internal resistance R of accumulator
0＜0.05, be, be diagnosed as the battery cell open circuit, can be used for emergent igniting, change accumulator after the igniting, be not, then the internal resistance R of accumulator
00.1, if so, be diagnosed as storage battery vulcanization, if not, be diagnosed as accumulator and degenerate.
As follows to above-mentioned fault concrete analysis: by careful analysis automobile start waste lead-acid accumulators mechanism, disclosed status flag and the differences such as accumulator open circuit, single lattice short circuit, dead short, sulfuration and accumulator property degeneration, formed on this basis for automobile start lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis, processing scheme (as shown in Figure 2).
1) phenomenon of the failure of battery open circuit: battery capacity reduces to zero, and internal resistance is very big, and the cold start electric current is zero.
Failure cause:
A) rosin joint occurs in the battery assembling process, these situation great majority just are recovered before dispatching from the factory, and can not appear on the market under normal circumstances.
B) in use severe jolt causes open circuit.
C) the weather variation that colds and heat succeed each other, discharging and recharging repeatedly cause anodal Plante-type plate gross distortion and occur coming off.
2) battery sulfuration phenomenon of the failure: the battery capacity step-down, the duration of charging significantly shortens; Battery-heating, temperature rise speeds, and vulcanizes to cause can not filling electricity when serious.
Failure cause:
A) long-term undercharge, or under discharge and half discharge condition, deposit, lead sulfate is separated out from electrolytic solution.
B) liquid level of electrolyte is too low, and pole plate top is exposed with air and contacted and oxidation.
C) long-term over-discharge or little electric current deep discharge generate the lead sulfate that at ordinary times charging is difficult for removal in the plate active material pore.
D) density of electrolyte is too high or composition is impure, or temperature variation is violent.
3) cell degradation: phenomenon of the failure: the battery capacity step-down, internal resistance increases.
Failure cause:
A) over-discharge can causes the battery reduced activity.
B) long storage time.
C) charge under Gao cryogenic conditions, the overheated or cold composition of internal storage battery that all can cause of mistake changes, and the heat that produces when charging simultaneously easily has influence on serviceable life.
D) be subjected to dirt to pollute (such as being subject to the pollutions such as hydrochloric acid, seawater, organic acid).
E) the two ends electric current is excessive during charge in batteries.
4) cell negative terminal short circuit, phenomenon of the failure: cell voltage is cell tension decline rule.
Failure cause:
A) pole plate addles, and positive/negative plate is contacted, and reason mostly is battery in long-term use, and dividing plate progressively is corroded, and forms the perforation short circuit.
B) sediment is too much at the bottom of the battery jar, forms short circuit.Reason mostly is accumulator in long-term use, and the lead on the pole plate can come off, in the bottom deposition, gradually with the positive/negative plate short circuit.
5) battery short circuit, phenomenon of the failure: cell voltage is very low, even is zero.
Failure cause:
A) many lattice accumulator plate successively addles, to many lattice battery plus-negative plate plate is contacted, reason mostly be the accumulator overcharge or charging temperature too high, the active substance of positive plate is peeled off, with excessive heavy-current discharge, follow with large current charge in the use, make the plate buckling distortion, active substance seriously peels off, and sediment is too much at the bottom of battery jar, develops into gradually the short circuit of many lattice.
B) accumulator anode and cathode, rainwater excessive because of electrolytic solution invaded and External Force Acting, causes the complete electrical contact of accumulator positive negative electrode.
4. in conjunction with actual user demand, security and the convenience of emergency start are organically integrated with accumulator Gernral Check-up and emergent ignition function under the abnormal case such as consider can't start, can not strike sparks at automobile.
Under the abnormal case that can't start, can not strike sparks etc. at automobile, the emergent sparking mode that is widely used has two kinds:
(1) use vehicle-mounted standby lead-acid battery to start, this mode is placed on for a long time in the boot and does not calculate very much because the lead-acid accumulator volume and weight is all larger;
(2) use the start battery of another car by making contact, this mode obviously is difficult to realize when bicycle is gone on a journey alone.Simultaneously, not distinguishing that unusual accumulator is lose to hold or fault causes can't start, if rashly make contact startup under the failure situations such as internal storage battery dead short, short-circuit current occurs most probably excessive, even develop into the serious accidents such as battery explosion is on fire.
Therefore, accumulator Gernral Check-up and emergent ignition function is organically integrated, more reasonable, science and safety.
Claims (5)
1. an automobile start is characterized in that with lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis and emergent portfire, and take single-chip microcomputer 1 as core, the 1st pin, the 5th pin of single-chip microcomputer (1) pass through respectively K
1Switch, K
3Switch is connected 4 with instrument work with startup power supply) positive pole be connected, the 2nd pin connects the negative pole of instrument work and startup power supply (4) and an end of discharge resistance (R) simultaneously, then be connected to the negative terminal (12) of accumulator to be measured (10) by discharge examination signal and emergent igniting negative pole line (9), the 6th pin and the K of the other end of discharge resistance (R) and single-chip microcomputer (1)
2Switch connects, and is connected with the 4th pin of single-chip microcomputer (1) by battery discharging current detection signal line (8) again; The 3rd pin of single-chip microcomputer (1) by battery discharging voltage detection signal line (6, K
2Switch detects anodal line (7) and K by battery discharging
2Switch is connected with the positive terminal (11) of accumulator to be measured (10) by accumulator emergent igniting line (5); The 7th pin of single-chip microcomputer (1) connects keyboard and interface circuit (2) thereof, the 8th pin connecting fluid crystal display and the interface circuit (3 thereof of single-chip microcomputer (1); (1 the 9th pin connects temperature sensor (13) by temperature sensor signal line (14) to single-chip microcomputer; In conjunction with actual user demand, security and the convenience of emergency start under the abnormal case of considering can't start, can not strike sparks at automobile organically become one accumulator failure diagnosis and the ignition function of meeting an urgent need.
2. described automobile start is characterized in that described K with lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis and emergent portfire according to claim 1
1Switch is the working power switch of instrument; Described K
2Switch is that instrument detects the in short-term electronic switch of control of discharge, and (R) carries out the battery discharging current detecting with discharge resistance; Described K
3Switch is the electronic switch of emergent IGNITION CONTROL, when instrument is judged need meet an urgent need ignition operation the time, and single-chip microcomputer (1) Electronic Control K then
3Switch, closed emergent ignition circuit provides emergent initial firing current.
3. described automobile start is characterized in that with lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis and emergent portfire according to claim 1, and described instrument work and startup power supply pass through K
1Switch provides work and startup power supply for instrument.
4. the described automobile start of claim 1 is characterized in that with lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis and emergent ignition method, comprises the steps:
(1) connect discharge loop line between instrument and the accumulator to be measured, with the anodal line of discharge examination (7) with clamp accumulator to be measured (10 positive terminal (11), the K of the discharge loop of access instrument with the electrical terminal of sheath
2One end of switch, K
2The other end serial connection discharge resistance (R) of switch, the other end of discharge resistance (R) takes back the negative terminal (12) of accumulator to be measured (10) through discharge examination and emergent igniting negative pole line (9), simultaneously, the positive terminal (11) of accumulator to be measured (10) is by battery tension signal lines (6) access single-chip microcomputer (1), for detection of the open-circuit voltage of accumulator to be measured, the discharge current of detection accumulator to be measured, the in short-term final voltage of discharge; Also has temperature sensor (13) through temperature sensor signal lines (14) access single-chip microcomputer (1), for detection of the environment temperature of accumulator to be measured;
(2) closed instrument working power K1 switch, instrument initialization unit waits for that the keyboard input detects, diagnostic instruction, when single-chip microcomputer has detected keyboard detection, when diagnostic instruction is assigned, carried out following measuring and calculating:
1) surveys accumulator port open-circuit voltage U to be measured
Open circuit
2) closed electronics K switch
2, connect in short-term discharge loop, survey in short-term discharge current I
DischargeWith final voltage U
Stop, the battery environment temperature t
Environment
3) the internal resistance R of measuring and calculating automobile storage battery
0, charged capacity SOC, cold start electric current I
0, the foundation of its measuring and calculating is as follows:
1. the internal resistance R of automobile storage battery
0
The difference of accumulator recovery voltage and final voltage is divided by discharge current
That is: R
0=(U
Recover-U
Stop)/I
Discharge(1)
In the formula: R
0=accumulator is at discharge current I
DischargeThe time interior resistance;
U
RecoverRecovery voltage after=battery discharging finishes, accumulator can static a few hours, at this moment U after once using on the car
RecoverBe considered to battery open-circuit voltage U
Open circuit
U
Stop=accumulator is with discharge current I
DischargeFinal voltage when discharging in short-term;
I
Discharge=discharge current;
2. cold start electric current I
s
The cold start electric current I
sIt is the important quality index of weighing cold-starting ability, its definition is: the accumulator that each reserve of electricity is fully loaded, nominal voltage is 12 V is after-18 ℃ (or 0 ℉) lower intensity discharge is exported 9 seconds, voltage must not be lower than 9V, after 60 seconds, when battery tension still can remain on more than 8.4 volts voltage, the Ampere currents number that this accumulator can provide; The cold start amperage is the current capacity that sparks of emphasis examination accumulator, and being provides the reliable and real energy for starting, the igniting that guarantees motor car engine; Progressively introduce the type selecting that cold cranking amps comes standard motor car engine cold start test and accumulator; Its measuring method is at first according to Ohm law, to ask the cold start electric current I of accumulator
s(A)
Then, carry out the temperature correction, try to achieve the cold start electric current I of accumulator to be measured under-18 ℃
s(A), and with GB in the accumulator cold start current reference value of corresponding specification compare, whether reach the GB requirement with the cold start electric current of judging accumulator to be measured,
3. battery charge capacity SOC is according to measured open-circuit voltage U
Open circuitWith the cold start electric current I
sDirect measuring battery charge capacity SOC;
Thereby, by the open-circuit voltage U of comprehensive detection automobile starting with lead-acid accumulator
Open circuit, discharge current I in short-term
DischargeWith final voltage U
StopAnd battery environment temperature t
EnvironmentCan calculate the electromotive force E of four important parameter-automobile storage batteries that characterize accumulator property: electromotive force E is static recovery voltage, the internal resistance R of accumulator
0, charged capacity SOC, cold start electric current I
s
(3) above-mentioned calculation of measured data is analyzed, disclose automobile start waste lead-acid accumulators mechanism, status flag and the differences such as accumulator open circuit, single lattice short circuit, dead short, sulfuration and accumulator property degeneration form on this basis for automobile start lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis, processing scheme.
5. described automobile start reaches emergent ignition method with the lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described step (3) is as follows with lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis, treatment scheme to automobile start: the electromotive force E＜0.5V of described accumulator, if, then tracing trouble is accumulator dead short, emergent igniting can not be used for, accumulator should be changed immediately; If not, the electromotive force E of accumulator then〉11.5V, if so, the internal resistance R of accumulator then
0＜0.05, be diagnosed as accumulator normal, can be used for emergent igniting, after the igniting, adopt generator charging, if not, discharge current I then
Discharge＜0.5A if so, is diagnosed as the accumulator open circuit, can be used for emergent igniting, changes accumulator after the igniting; If not discharge current I
Discharge＜0.5A, then the internal resistance R of accumulator
0＜0.1, if the internal resistance R of accumulator
0＜0.1, then be diagnosed as accumulator and degenerate, no, then be diagnosed as storage battery vulcanization, can both be used for emergent igniting, change accumulator after the igniting; The electromotive force E of described accumulator is not more than 11.5V, and the electromotive force E of accumulator〉9.5V, if not, the internal resistance R of accumulator then
0＜0.1, if so, be diagnosed as accumulator and degenerate, if not, be diagnosed as storage battery vulcanization; The electromotive force E of described accumulator is greater than 9.5V, then the internal resistance R of accumulator
0＜0.05, be, be diagnosed as the battery cell open circuit, can be used for emergent igniting, change accumulator after the igniting, be not, then the internal resistance R of accumulator
00.1, if so, be diagnosed as storage battery vulcanization, if not, be diagnosed as accumulator and degenerate.
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