CN102944844B - Method for emergency ignition and fault diagnosis of vehicular lead-acid storage battery - Google Patents
Method for emergency ignition and fault diagnosis of vehicular lead-acid storage battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN102944844B CN102944844B CN201210433665.2A CN201210433665A CN102944844B CN 102944844 B CN102944844 B CN 102944844B CN 201210433665 A CN201210433665 A CN 201210433665A CN 102944844 B CN102944844 B CN 102944844B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for emergency ignition and fault diagnosis of a vehicular lead-acid storage battery and a method, and the device and the method belong to the technical field of vehicular storage battery fault detection. The device takes a singlechip as a core, wherein the singlechip is connected with switches K1, K2 and K3, an instrument working and starting power, a to-be-detected storage battery, a keyboard and a liquid crystal display and form a special instrument for the fault diagnosis and the emergency ignition of the storage battery integrating multiple functions of parameter detection, state diagnose and the emergency ignition. The invention further discloses a method for rapid fault diagnosis for the storage battery and the automobile emergency ignition, which puts forward that comprehensive automobile storage battery open circuit voltage, discharging current, cut-off voltage and an environmental temperature of the storage battery are detected comprehensively; and battery electromotive force and internal resistance of the storage battery, cold starting current and electric capacity are measured and calculated and taken as four important evaluation indexes for symbolizing the performance of the storage battery. The device is an important auxiliary tool for maintaining the automobile storage battery, integrating the emergency ignition function, and starting the automobile smoothly, and is reasonable in design and simple, convenient and fast to use.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to car battery fault detection technique field, particularly a kind of vehicle lead-acid battery fault diagnosis, emergent ignition method.
Background technology
Automobile batteries is automobile start, igniting, illumination, the power of car-mounted electronic device and power window or working power.During normal starting automobile, engine turns to the overall process of idle running from static, needs accumulator to provide 300A, continues the heavy current of 3-5s, when winter temperature is lower, engine start needs relatively high power, and starting current needs to be increased to 500-600A or higher.Firing system is in time for the combustion mixture compressed in gasoline engine cylinder provides the electric spark of enough energy, make to start function promptly work done in time, if need accumulator provide 5-15A, 20-100Hz recurrent pulse initial firing current " with reference to Wang Guihuai. the discussion [J] of Automotive Electronic Ignition System primary current value. Wuhan traffic Professional School journal, Vol.8, No.4,2006, (12) 76-78. ".Even if when automobile leaves standstill, the electronic equipment on car also can consume electric energy, and such as, the wireless receiver of electric door lock for vehicle is in running order all the time, " the slip electricity " phenomenon occurring that people are commonly called as, long-time " slip electricity " can make accumulator capacity reduce.In northern China, wintry weather is cold, day and night temperature is large, accumulator loses Rong Haihui for a long time and causes electrolyte crystallization, also known as sulfuration, the crystalline solid lead sulfate that namely surface attachment one deck white of internal storage battery negative plate, grid is hard, charges normal the crystal being also difficult to peel off negative plate and grid surface, can not make it to be converted into active substance, cause accumulator property to decline; The problem of can not filling electricity or " full once filling, once running light " is caused when sulfuration is serious.Fairly obvious, the superperformance of automobile storage battery is the important guarantee that automobile starts smoothly, the method that quick diagnosis during the abnormal failures such as research automobile storage battery cannot start in appearance, can not strike sparks and car emergency start, exploitation is used for the specialized equipment of the diagnosis of automobile storage battery faulty behavior and emergency start, has realistic meaning and using value.
How to judge that whether on-vehicle battery state is well a difficult problem for a long time, relevant scholar and engineering technical personnel have carried out large quantifier elimination and test both at home and abroad, achieve many achievements.Document " Li Liwei, Zou Jiyan. the research [J] of accumulator internal resistance measurement mechanism.
power technology, Vol.27, No.1,
2003, (1)40-44 " in, analysis is compared to existing several straight-flow system single battery internal resistance of cell measuring method such as densimetry, open-circuit voltage method, direct-current discharge method and AC method etc., indicate their relative merits, and propose a kind of new single battery internal resistance of cell measuring method---AC frequency conversion mensuration, can on-line measurement be realized, document " Xue Zhen frame, Zheng Rongliang. the research [J] of accumulator of electric car dump energy measurement technology. Jiangsu Science & Engineering Univ.'s journal (natural science edition), Vol.22 No.2, 2001, (3) 51-55 " propose to adopt the method for time-dependent current multiple measurement to determine electromotive force and internal resistance, try to achieve the dump energy of accumulator by ampere-hour method simultaneously, and determine storage battery kinetic potential and the nonlinear relationship between internal resistance and dump energy by setting up neural network model, finally determine dump energy by electromotive force and internal resistance correspondence, avoid traditional ampere-hour method and do not know the problem that original state just cannot work.Document " Sunfeng chun, Zhang chengning, Gao haitao.Battery management system with state of charge indicator for electricVehicles.Beijing Institute of Technology, 1998, (2) " adopt with ampere-hour method-Peukert formula-open-circuit voltage method as rudimentary algorithm, carry out the exploitation of battery management system, consider the impact that the factors such as temperature, self discharge, use cycle life are predicted lead-acid battery residual capacity simultaneously; Document " Qi's light etc. the research [J] of electric automobile electric quantity metering technology. Tsing-Hua University's journal, Vol.37, No.3,1997, (3). " propose a kind of new method measuring battery dump energy based on open-circuit voltage method and ampere-hour method.On this basis according to battery temperature, service condition and self discharge factor, employing parameters self-tuning, the self-tuning technology based on Artificial Intelligence of deviation obtain the capacity of battery.
Domestic more typical ice storing time instrument is in document " Li Qiang China, Dang Hongshe, open life, Li Xiaolei. the design and implimentation [J] of portable storage battery parameter tester. electrical measurement and instrument, Vol.44, No.495, 2007, (3) 47-54. " and document " Chu Kaibin, Chen Shuyue, He Baoxiang. the design [J] of accumulator capacity ability meter. electrical measurement and instrument, Vol.48, No.546, 2011, (6) 71-74. " in, report accumulator internal resistance tester and adopt small current electric quantity relative method, accumulator and high-accuracy resistant series, the electricity consumed on the two by measuring current signal obtains the internal resistance of accumulator, the portable storage battery parameter tester of development take AT89S52 single board computer as control core, the useful capacity of accumulator is tested by Big Current Discharge, find deteriorated battery, and real-time many Battery packs measurement data can be recorded, and linear charge-discharge modules scheme, for testing the capacity of accumulator, life-span and combo index.
Advanced measuring instrument such as GR-1 ice storing time charger adopts conductance technology test battery condition in the world, test result accurately and reliably, can before charging, in, rear accumulator to be tested, be one of battery condition tester the most accurately now.During charging, GR-1 can effectively control charging current and voltage with optimum mise-a-la-masse method, only needs 1h just can be charged.There is advanced user interfaces, there will not be the phenomenon of maloperation.There is auxiliary starter function, starting current and the on-board charging voltage of 250A can be provided.Have trickle charge function, it is long not to be afraid of the duration of charging.Be not difficult to find, domestic ice storing time instrument spininess is to internal resistance or capacity two indexs, the function of instrument rests in the aspect of only output test data substantially, layman is many cannot clear and definite accumulator property at short notice, and, China 2005 promulgated and enforced new lead-acid starter battery technical conditions and description [, yet there are no diagnosis scheme that bibliographical information meets standard-required in 2005, that accumulator is made to comprehensive evaluation or instrument;
Whether advanced battery measuring instrument many employings conductance technology test battery condition in the world, reach reference value by prediction accumulator cold start electric current and judge whether accumulator will be changed; Because China's lead-acid starter battery national standard and product variety and specification have different from same kind of products at abroad model, the battery-detecting instrument of direct import is also not exclusively applicable to the actual conditions of China.In addition, the abnormal case such as cannot to start, can not strike sparks at automobile under, the emergent sparking mode be widely used has two kinds: (1) uses vehicle-mounted standby lead-acid battery to start, this mode is all comparatively large due to lead-acid accumulator volume and weight, is placed in boot for a long time and does not calculate very much; (2) by the accumulator drive using another car of making contact, this mode is obviously difficult to when bicycle is gone on a journey alone realize.Simultaneously, cannot distinguish that abnormal accumulator is due to when thanks to appearance or fault cause starting, if rashly make contact starting under the failure situations such as internal storage battery dead short, occur that short-circuit current is excessive most probably, even develop into the serious accidents such as battery explosion is on fire.As can be seen here, the specialized equipment of the method that the quick diagnosis of research cannot the starting of automobile storage battery, the faulty behavior such as can not to strike sparks and car emergency start and emergency start, is very important.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of automobile start lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis, emergent ignition method, wherein automobile start lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis and emergent igniting device are with single-chip microcomputer 1 for core, and the 1st pin of single-chip microcomputer 1, the 5th pin are respectively by K
1switch, K
3switch is connected with the positive pole of instrument work and startup power supply 4,2nd pin connects the negative pole of instrument work and startup power supply 4 and one end of discharge resistance R simultaneously, then the negative terminal 12 of accumulator 10 to be measured is connected to by discharge examination signal and emergent igniting negative pole line 9, the other end of discharge resistance R and the 6th pin and K of single-chip microcomputer 1
2switch connects, and is connected with the 4th pin of single-chip microcomputer 1 by battery discharging current detection signal line 8 again; 3rd pin of single-chip microcomputer 1 is by battery discharging voltage detection signal line 6, K
2switch detects positive pole line 7 and K by battery discharging
3switch by accumulator meet an urgent need igniting line 5 be connected with the positive terminal 11 of accumulator 10 to be measured; 7th pin of single-chip microcomputer 1 connects keyboard and interface circuit 2 thereof, the 8th pin connecting fluid crystal display of single-chip microcomputer 1 and interface circuit 3 thereof; 9th pin of single-chip microcomputer 1 connects temperature sensor 13 by temperature sensor signal line 14; It is characterized in that, described automobile start lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis and emergent ignition method, comprise the steps:
(1) connect the discharge loop line between instrument and accumulator to be measured, discharge examination positive pole line 7 is clamped the positive terminal 11 of accumulator 10 to be measured with the electrical terminal of band sheath, the K of the discharge loop of access instrument
2one end of switch, K
2the other end serial connection discharge resistance R of switch, the other end of discharge resistance R takes back the negative terminal 12 of accumulator 10 to be measured through discharge examination and emergent igniting negative pole line 9, simultaneously, the positive terminal 11 of accumulator 10 to be measured accesses single-chip microcomputer 1 by battery tension signal lines 6, for detecting the open-circuit voltage of accumulator to be measured, detecting the discharge current of accumulator to be measured, the final voltage discharged in short-term; Temperature sensor 13 is also had to access single-chip microcomputer 1 through temperature sensor signal lines 14, for detecting the environment temperature of accumulator to be measured;
(2) closed instrument working power K1 switch, instrument initialization unit, waits for that input through keyboard detects, diagnostic instruction, when microprocessor detect to there being keyboard detection, diagnostic instruction assign time, carry out following measuring and calculating:
1) accumulator port open-circuit voltage U to be measured is surveyed
open circuit;
2) closed electronics K switch
2, connect discharge loop in short-term, survey discharge current I in short-term
electric dischargewith final voltage U
stop, battery environment temperature t
environment;
3) internal resistance (R of automobile storage battery is calculated
0), charged capacity (SOC), cold start electric current (CCA), its measuring and calculating according to as follows:
1. internal resistance (the R of automobile storage battery
0)
The difference of accumulator recovery voltage and final voltage is divided by discharge current
That is: R
0=(U
recover-U
stop)/I
electric discharge(1)
In formula: R
0=accumulator is at discharge current I
electric dischargetime interior resistance;
U
recoverrecovery voltage after=battery discharging terminates, on car, accumulator can static a few hours, now U after once using
recoverbe considered to battery open-circuit voltage U
open circuit;
U
stop=accumulator is with discharge current I
electric dischargefinal voltage when discharging in short-term;
I
electric discharge=discharge current; (getting 15A)
2. cold start electric current (CCA)
Cold start electric current (CCA) is the important quality index weighing cold-starting ability, its definition is: the accumulator that each reserve of electricity is fully loaded with, nominal voltage is 12V is after under-18 DEG C (or 0 ℉), intensity-discharge exports 9 seconds, voltage must not lower than 9V, after 60 seconds, when battery tension still can remain on more than 8.4 volts voltage, the Ampere currents number that this accumulator can provide; Cold start amperage is the current capacity that sparks of emphasis examination accumulator, is the starting for ensureing motor car engine, lighting a fire provides the reliable and real energy; Progressively introduce the type selecting that cold cranking amps (CCA) comes specification motor car engine cold start test and accumulator; Its measuring method is, first according to Ohm law, asks the cold start electric current I of accumulator
s(A)
Then, carry out temperature adjustmemt, try to achieve the cold start electric current I of accumulator to be measured at-18 DEG C
s(A), and compare with the accumulator cold start current reference value of corresponding specification in GB, to judge whether the cold start electric current of accumulator to be measured reaches Standard,
3. battery charge capacity (SOC), according to measured open-circuit voltage U
open circuitwith cold start electric current I
s(CCA)
Direct measuring battery charge capacity (SOC);
Thus, by the open-circuit voltage U of comprehensive detection automobile starting lead-acid accumulator
open circuit, discharge current I in short-term
electric dischargewith final voltage U
stopand battery environment temperature t
environment; Four important parameters---the electromotive force (E: the static recovery voltage being accumulator) of automobile storage battery, the internal resistance R that characterize accumulator property can be calculated
0, charged capacity (SOC), cold start electric current (CCA).
(3) above-mentioned calculation of measured data is analyzed, disclose automobile start waste lead-acid accumulators mechanism, status flag and the differences such as battery pack open circuit, single lattice short circuit, dead short, sulfuration and accumulator property degeneration, formed on this basis for automobile start lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis, processing scheme.
Described step (3) is as follows to automobile start lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis, treatment scheme: the electromotive force E<0.5V of described accumulator, if, then tracing trouble is accumulator dead short, can not be used for emergent igniting, should change accumulator immediately; If not, then judge the electromotive force E>11.5V of accumulator, if so, then the internal resistance R of accumulator
0<0.05 ' Ω, is diagnosed as accumulator normal, can be used for emergent igniting, after igniting, adopts generator charging, if not, then judge discharge current I
electric discharge<0.5A, if so, is diagnosed as battery pack open circuit, can be used for emergent igniting, change accumulator after igniting; If not discharge current I
electric discharge<0.5A, the internal resistance R of accumulator
0be 0.1 ' Ω, otherwise be diagnosed as storage battery vulcanization or degeneration, emergent igniting can be used for, after igniting, change accumulator; The electromotive force E of described accumulator is not more than 11.5V, and the electromotive force E>9.5V of accumulator, if not, then the internal resistance R of accumulator
0<0.1 ' Ω, if so, is diagnosed as accumulator and degenerates, if not, be diagnosed as storage battery vulcanization; The electromotive force E of described accumulator is greater than 9.5V, then the internal resistance R of accumulator
0<0.05 ' Ω, is, is diagnosed as battery cell open circuit, can be used for emergent igniting, change accumulator after igniting, or not and the then internal resistance R of accumulator
0>0.1 ' Ω, if so, is diagnosed as storage battery vulcanization, if not, be diagnosed as accumulator and degenerate.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows that the present invention is under the electromotive force of composite measurement automobile starting lead-acid accumulator, charged capacity, internal resistance and cold start-up electric current etc. characterize four important evaluation index situations of accumulator property, status flag and the differences such as battery pack open circuit, single lattice short circuit, dead short, sulfuration and accumulator property degeneration are disclosed, define a set of for automobile starting lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis, processing scheme on this basis, thus the malfunction of accumulator can be diagnosed out quickly and easily.And in conjunction with actual user demand, security and the convenience of emergency starting under abnormal case such as consider cannot to start at automobile, can not strike sparks, instrument by automobile starting lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis and emergent ignition function organically integrated.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is automobile start lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis and emergent igniting instrument key wiring diagram.
Fig. 2 is automobile start lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis flow scheme block diagram.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of automobile start lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis, emergent ignition method.Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described.
Figure 1 shows that automobile start lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis and emergent igniting instrument key wiring diagram.In figure, with single-chip microcomputer 1 for core, the 1st pin of single-chip microcomputer 1, the 5th pin are respectively by K
1switch, K
3switch is connected with the positive pole of instrument work and startup power supply 4, passes through K
1switch provides work and startup power supply for instrument.2nd pin of single-chip microcomputer 1 connects the negative pole of instrument work and startup power supply 4 and one end of discharge resistance R simultaneously, then the negative terminal 12 of accumulator 10 to be measured is connected to by discharge examination signal and emergent igniting negative pole line 9, the other end of discharge resistance R and the 6th pin and K of single-chip microcomputer 1
2switch connects, and is connected with the 4th pin of single-chip microcomputer 1 by battery discharging current detection signal line 8 again; 3rd pin of single-chip microcomputer 1 is by battery discharging voltage detection signal line 6, K
2switch detects positive pole line 7 and K by battery discharging
3switch by accumulator meet an urgent need igniting line 5 be connected with the positive terminal 11 of accumulator 10 to be measured; 7th pin of single-chip microcomputer 1 connects keyboard and interface circuit 2 thereof, the 8th pin connecting fluid crystal display of single-chip microcomputer 1 and interface circuit 3 thereof; 9th pin of single-chip microcomputer 1 connects temperature sensor 13 by temperature sensor signal line 14.Wherein K
1switch is the working power switch of instrument; Described K
2switch is the electronic switch that instrument detects control of discharge in short-term, performs battery discharging current detecting together with discharge resistance R; Described K
3switch is the electronic switch of emergent IGNITION CONTROL, when instrument judges to carry out emergent ignition operation, then and single-chip microcomputer 1 Electronic Control K
3switch, closed emergent ignition circuit, provides emergent initial firing current.
Figure 2 shows that automobile start lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis flow scheme block diagram.The step illustrating automobile start lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis and emergent ignition method is as follows:
1. connect the discharge loop line between instrument and accumulator to be measured, discharge examination positive pole line 7 is clamped the positive terminal 11 of accumulator 10 to be measured with the electrical terminal of band sheath, the K of the discharge loop of access instrument
2one end of switch, K
2the other end serial connection discharge resistance R of switch, the other end of discharge resistance R takes back the negative terminal 12 of accumulator 10 to be measured through discharge examination and emergent igniting negative pole line 9, simultaneously, the positive terminal 11 of accumulator 10 to be measured accesses single-chip microcomputer 1 by battery tension signal lines 6, for detecting the open-circuit voltage of accumulator to be measured, detecting the discharge current of accumulator to be measured, the final voltage discharged in short-term; Temperature sensor 13 is also had to access single-chip microcomputer 1 through temperature sensor signal lines 14, for detecting the environment temperature of accumulator to be measured;
2. closed instrument working power K1 switch, instrument initialization unit, waits for that input through keyboard detects, diagnostic instruction, when microprocessor detect to there being keyboard detection, diagnostic instruction assign time, carry out following measuring and calculating:
1) accumulator port open-circuit voltage U to be measured is surveyed
open circuit;
2) closed electronics K switch
2, connect discharge loop in short-term, survey discharge current I in short-term
electric dischargewith final voltage U
stop, battery environment temperature t
environment;
3) internal resistance (R of automobile storage battery is calculated
0), charged capacity (SOC), cold start electric current (CCA), its measuring and calculating according to as follows:
1. internal resistance (the R of automobile storage battery
0)
The difference of accumulator recovery voltage and final voltage is divided by discharge current
That is: R
0=(U
recover-U
stop)/I
electric discharge(1)
In formula: R
0=accumulator is at discharge current I
electric dischargetime interior resistance;
U
recoverrecovery voltage after=battery discharging terminates, on car, accumulator can static a few hours, now U after once using
recoverbe considered to battery open-circuit voltage U
open circuit;
U
stop=accumulator is with discharge current I
electric dischargefinal voltage when discharging in short-term;
I
electric discharge=discharge current; (getting 15A)
2. cold start electric current (CCA)
Cold start electric current (CCA) is the important quality index weighing cold-starting ability, its definition is: the accumulator that each reserve of electricity is fully loaded with, nominal voltage is 12V is after under-18 DEG C (or 0 ℉), intensity-discharge exports 9 seconds, voltage must not lower than 9V, after 60 seconds, when battery tension still can remain on more than 8.4 volts voltage, the Ampere currents number that this accumulator can provide; Cold start amperage is the current capacity that sparks of emphasis examination accumulator, is the starting for ensureing motor car engine, lighting a fire provides the reliable and real energy; Progressively introduce the type selecting that cold cranking amps (CCA) comes specification motor car engine cold start test and accumulator; Its measuring method is, first according to Ohm law, asks the cold start electric current I of accumulator
s(A)
Then, carry out temperature adjustmemt, try to achieve the cold start electric current I of accumulator to be measured at-18 DEG C
s(A), and compare with the accumulator cold start current reference value of corresponding specification in GB, to judge whether the cold start electric current of accumulator to be measured reaches Standard,
3. battery charge capacity (SOC), according to measured open-circuit voltage U
open circuitwith cold start electric current I
sdirect survey
Calculate battery charge capacity (SOC);
Thus, by the open-circuit voltage U of comprehensive detection automobile starting lead-acid accumulator
open circuit, discharge current I in short-term
electric dischargewith final voltage U
stopand battery environment temperature t
environment; Four important parameters---the electromotive force (E: the static recovery voltage being accumulator) of automobile storage battery, the internal resistance R that characterize accumulator property can be calculated
0, charged capacity (SOC), cold start electric current (CCA).
3. pair above-mentioned calculation of measured data is analyzed, disclose automobile start waste lead-acid accumulators mechanism, status flag and the differences such as battery pack open circuit, single lattice short circuit, dead short, sulfuration and accumulator property degeneration, formed on this basis for automobile start lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis, processing scheme.
Described step 3 pair automobile start lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis, treatment scheme are as follows: the electromotive force E<0.5V of described accumulator, if, then tracing trouble is accumulator dead short, can not be used for emergent igniting, should change accumulator immediately; If not, then the electromotive force E>11.5V of accumulator, if so, then the internal resistance R of accumulator
0<0.05 ' Ω, is diagnosed as accumulator normal, can be used for emergent igniting, after igniting, adopts generator charging, if not, then discharge current I
electric discharge<0.5A, if so, is diagnosed as battery pack open circuit, can be used for emergent igniting, change accumulator after igniting; If not discharge current I
electric discharge<0.5A, the internal resistance R of accumulator
0be 0.1 ' Ω, otherwise be diagnosed as storage battery vulcanization or degeneration, emergent igniting can be used for, after igniting, change accumulator; The electromotive force E of described accumulator is not more than 11.5V, and the electromotive force E>9.5V of accumulator, if not, then the internal resistance R of accumulator
0<0.1 ' Ω, if so, is diagnosed as accumulator and degenerates, if not, be diagnosed as storage battery vulcanization; The electromotive force E of described accumulator is greater than 9.5V, then the internal resistance R of accumulator
0<0.05 ' Ω, is, is diagnosed as battery cell open circuit, can be used for emergent igniting, change accumulator after igniting, or not and the then internal resistance R of accumulator
0>0.1 ' Ω, if so, is diagnosed as storage battery vulcanization, if not, be diagnosed as accumulator and degenerate.
As follows to above-mentioned fault concrete analysis: by careful analysis automobile start waste lead-acid accumulators mechanism, disclose status flag and the differences such as battery pack open circuit, single lattice short circuit, dead short, sulfuration and accumulator property degeneration, formed on this basis for automobile start lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis, processing scheme (as shown in Figure 2).
1) phenomenon of the failure of battery open circuit: battery capacity reduces to zero, internal resistance is very big, and cold start electric current is zero.
Failure cause:
A) in battery assembling process, occur rosin joint, this situation great majority are just recovered before dispatching from the factory, and there will not be on the market under normal circumstances.
B) severe jolt in use causes open circuit.
C) weather colds and heat succeed each other change, and discharge and recharge repeatedly causes positive pole Plante-type plate gross distortion and occurs coming off.
2) battery sulfuration phenomenon of the failure: battery capacity step-down, the duration of charging significantly shortens; Battery-heating, temperature rise speeds, and can cause can not filling electricity when sulfuration is serious.
Failure cause:
A) long-term undercharge, or deposit under electric discharge and half discharge condition, lead sulfate is separated out from electrolytic solution.
B) liquid level of electrolyte is too low, and pole plate top is exposed and contacted with air and be oxidized.
C) long-term over-discharge or small area analysis deep discharge, generate the lead sulfate charging at ordinary times and not easily remove in plate active material pore.
D) density of electrolyte is too high or composition is impure, or temperature variation is violent.
3) cell degradation: phenomenon of the failure: battery capacity step-down, internal resistance increases.
Failure cause:
A) over-discharge can, causes battery-active to weaken.
B) long storage time.
C) charge under Gao cryogenic conditions, the overheated or cold composition of internal storage battery that all can cause of mistake changes, and the heat simultaneously produced during charging, easily has influence on serviceable life.
D) by dirt contamination (being such as subject to the pollutions such as hydrochloric acid, seawater, organic acid).
E) during charge in batteries, two ends electric current is excessive.
4) cell negative terminal short circuit, phenomenon of the failure: cell voltage is cell tension decline rule.
Failure cause:
A) pole plate addles, and positive/negative plate is contacted, and reason mostly is battery in long-term use, and dividing plate is progressively corroded, and forms perforation short circuit.
B) sediment at the bottom of battery jar is too much, forms short circuit.Reason mostly is accumulator in long-term use, and the lead on pole plate can come off, at bottom deposit, gradually by positive/negative plate short circuit.
5) battery short circuit, phenomenon of the failure: cell voltage is very low is even zero.
Failure cause:
A) many lattice accumulator plate successively addles, contact to making many lattice battery plus-negative plate plate, reason mostly be accumulator overcharge or charging temperature too high, the active substance of positive plate is peeled off, with excessive heavy-current discharge in using, then with large current charge, plate buckling is out of shape, active substance seriously peels off, and at the bottom of battery jar, sediment is too much, develops into the short circuit of many lattice gradually.
B) accumulator anode and cathode is because electrolytic solution is excessive, rainwater invades and External Force Acting, causes the complete electrical contact of accumulator positive negative electrode.
4., in conjunction with actual user demand, security and the convenience of emergency start under abnormal case such as consider cannot to start at automobile, can not strike sparks, by accumulator Gernral Check-up and emergent ignition function organically integrated.
The abnormal case such as cannot to start, can not strike sparks at automobile under, the emergent sparking mode be widely used has two kinds:
(1) use vehicle-mounted standby lead-acid battery to start, this mode is all comparatively large due to lead-acid accumulator volume and weight, is placed in boot for a long time and does not calculate very much;
(2) by the start battery using another car of making contact, this mode is obviously difficult to when bicycle is gone on a journey alone realize.Meanwhile, not distinguishing that abnormal accumulator loses to hold or cannot starting of causing of fault, if rashly make contact startup under the failure situations such as internal storage battery dead short, occurring that short-circuit current is excessive most probably, even developing into the serious accidents such as battery explosion is on fire.
Therefore, by accumulator Gernral Check-up and emergent ignition function organically integrated, more rationally, science and safety.
Claims (2)
1. an automobile start lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis, emergent ignition method, wherein automobile start lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis and emergent igniting device are with single-chip microcomputer (1) for core, and the 1st pin of single-chip microcomputer (1), the 5th pin are respectively by K
1switch, K
3switch is connected with the positive pole of instrument work and startup power supply (4), 2nd pin connects the negative pole of instrument work and startup power supply (4) and one end of discharge resistance (R) simultaneously, then the negative terminal (12) of accumulator to be measured (10) is connected to by discharge examination signal and emergent igniting negative pole line (9), the other end of discharge resistance (R) and the 6th pin and K of single-chip microcomputer (1)
2switch connects, and is connected with the 4th pin of single-chip microcomputer (1) by battery discharging current detection signal line (8) again; 3rd pin of single-chip microcomputer (1) is by battery discharging voltage detection signal line (6), K
2switch detects positive pole line (7) and K by battery discharging
3switch is connected with the positive terminal (11) of accumulator to be measured (10) by accumulator emergent igniting line (5); 7th pin of single-chip microcomputer (1) connects keyboard and interface circuit (2) thereof, the 8th pin connecting fluid crystal display of single-chip microcomputer (1) and interface circuit (3) thereof; 9th pin of single-chip microcomputer (1) connects temperature sensor (13) by temperature sensor signal line (14); It is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) the discharge loop line between instrument and accumulator to be measured is connected, discharge examination positive pole line (7) electrical terminal of band sheath is clamped accumulator to be measured (positive terminal (11) of 10, the K of the discharge loop of access instrument
2one end of switch, K
2other end serial connection discharge resistance (R) of switch, the other end of discharge resistance (R) takes back the negative terminal (12) of accumulator to be measured (10) through discharge examination and emergent igniting negative pole line (9), simultaneously, the positive terminal (11) of accumulator to be measured (10) is by battery tension signal lines (6) access single-chip microcomputer (1), for detecting the open-circuit voltage of accumulator to be measured, detecting the discharge current of accumulator to be measured, the final voltage discharged in short-term; Also has temperature sensor (13) through temperature sensor signal lines (14) access single-chip microcomputer (1), for detecting the environment temperature of accumulator to be measured;
(2) closed instrument working power K1 switch, instrument initialization unit, waits for that input through keyboard detects, diagnostic instruction, when microprocessor detect to there being keyboard detection, diagnostic instruction assign time, carry out following measuring and calculating:
1) accumulator port open-circuit voltage U to be measured is surveyed
open circuit;
2) closed electronics K switch
2, connect discharge loop in short-term, survey discharge current I in short-term
electric dischargewith final voltage U
stop) battery environment temperature t
environment;
3) the internal resistance R of automobile storage battery is calculated
0, charged capacity SOC, cold start electric current I
0, the foundation of its measuring and calculating is as follows:
1. the internal resistance R of automobile storage battery
0
The difference of accumulator recovery voltage and final voltage is divided by discharge current
That is: R
0=(U
recover-U
stop)/I
electric discharge(1)
In formula: R
0=accumulator is at discharge current I
electric dischargetime interior resistance;
U
recoverrecovery voltage after=battery discharging terminates, on car, accumulator can static a few hours, now U after once using
recoverbe considered to battery open-circuit voltage U
open circuit;
U
stop=accumulator is with discharge current I
electric dischargefinal voltage when discharging in short-term;
I
electric discharge=discharge current;
2. cold start electric current I
s
Cold start electric current I
sit is the important quality index weighing cold-starting ability, its definition is: the accumulator that each reserve of electricity is fully loaded with, nominal voltage is 12V is after under-18 DEG C (or 0 ℉), intensity-discharge exports 9 seconds, voltage must not lower than 9V, after 60 seconds, when battery tension still can remain on more than 8.4 volts voltage, the Ampere currents number that this accumulator can provide; Cold start amperage is the current capacity that sparks of emphasis examination accumulator, is the starting for ensureing motor car engine, lighting a fire provides the reliable and real energy; Progressively introduce the type selecting that cold cranking amps comes specification motor car engine cold start test and accumulator; Its measuring method is, first according to Ohm law, asks the cold start electric current I of accumulator
s(A)
Then, carry out temperature adjustmemt, try to achieve the cold start electric current I of accumulator to be measured at-18 DEG C
s(A), and compare with the accumulator cold start current reference value of corresponding specification in GB, to judge whether the cold start electric current of accumulator to be measured reaches Standard,
3. battery charge capacity SOC, according to measured open-circuit voltage U
open circuitwith cold start electric current I
sdirect measuring
Battery charge capacity SOC;
Thus, by the open-circuit voltage U of comprehensive detection automobile starting lead-acid accumulator
open circuit, discharge current I in short-term
electric dischargewith final voltage U
stopand battery environment temperature t
environment; Static recovery voltage, internal resistance R that electromotive force E: the electromotive force E of four the important parameter-automobile storage batteries characterizing accumulator property are accumulator can be calculated
0, charged capacity SOC, cold start electric current I
s;
(3) above-mentioned calculation of measured data is analyzed, disclose automobile start waste lead-acid accumulators mechanism, status flag and the differences such as battery pack open circuit, single lattice short circuit, dead short, sulfuration and accumulator property degeneration, formed on this basis for automobile start lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis, processing scheme.
2. automobile start lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis, emergent ignition method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step (3) is as follows to automobile start lead-acid accumulator fault diagnosis, treatment scheme: the electromotive force E<0.5V of described accumulator, if, then tracing trouble is accumulator dead short, emergent igniting can not be used for, accumulator should be changed immediately; If not, then the electromotive force E>11.5V of accumulator, if so, then the internal resistance R of accumulator
0<0.05 ' Ω, is diagnosed as accumulator normal, can be used for emergent igniting, after igniting, adopts generator charging, if not, then discharge current I
electric discharge<0.5A, if so, is diagnosed as battery pack open circuit, can be used for emergent igniting, change accumulator after igniting; If not discharge current I
electric discharge<0.5A, then the internal resistance R of accumulator
0<0.1 ' Ω, if the internal resistance R of accumulator
0<0.1 ' Ω, be then diagnosed as accumulator and degenerate, no, be then diagnosed as storage battery vulcanization, can be used for emergent igniting, change accumulator after igniting; The electromotive force E of described accumulator is not more than 11.5V, and the electromotive force E>9.5V of accumulator, if not, then the internal resistance R of accumulator
0<0.1 ' Ω, if so, is diagnosed as accumulator and degenerates, if not, be diagnosed as storage battery vulcanization; The electromotive force E of described accumulator is greater than 9.5V, then the internal resistance R of accumulator
0<0.05 ' Ω, is, is diagnosed as battery cell open circuit, can be used for emergent igniting, change accumulator after igniting, or not and the then internal resistance R of accumulator
0>0.1 ' Ω, if so, is diagnosed as storage battery vulcanization, if not, be diagnosed as accumulator and degenerate.
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| TWI547705B (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2016-09-01 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | Method and system for online estimating internal resistance of battery |
| DE102015000437B4 (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2021-05-20 | Audi Ag | Charging device for the inductive transmission of electrical energy and method for operating the charging device |
| CN106089537B (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2018-02-27 | 北京长城华冠汽车科技股份有限公司 | A kind of battery selection method and device |
| CN106199449A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2016-12-07 | 湖北润阳新能源有限公司 | Lead-acid accumulator resistance barrier test method |
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| JP7289113B2 (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2023-06-09 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Management device and power supply system |
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| CN111751749A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-10-09 | 深圳市道通科技股份有限公司 | Detection method of vehicle storage battery and battery detection equipment |
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