CN102982300A - 具有彩色帧处理的标记读取终端 - Google Patents
具有彩色帧处理的标记读取终端 Download PDFInfo
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- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
- G06K7/10544—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum
- G06K7/10712—Fixed beam scanning
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- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/10—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof for transforming different wavelengths into image signals
- H04N25/11—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics
- H04N25/13—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements
- H04N25/134—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements based on three different wavelength filter elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/40—Extracting pixel data from image sensors by controlling scanning circuits, e.g. by modifying the number of pixels sampled or to be sampled
- H04N25/44—Extracting pixel data from image sensors by controlling scanning circuits, e.g. by modifying the number of pixels sampled or to be sampled by partially reading an SSIS array
- H04N25/443—Extracting pixel data from image sensors by controlling scanning circuits, e.g. by modifying the number of pixels sampled or to be sampled by partially reading an SSIS array by reading pixels from selected 2D regions of the array, e.g. for windowing or digital zooming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/40—Extracting pixel data from image sensors by controlling scanning circuits, e.g. by modifying the number of pixels sampled or to be sampled
- H04N25/44—Extracting pixel data from image sensors by controlling scanning circuits, e.g. by modifying the number of pixels sampled or to be sampled by partially reading an SSIS array
- H04N25/445—Extracting pixel data from image sensors by controlling scanning circuits, e.g. by modifying the number of pixels sampled or to be sampled by partially reading an SSIS array by skipping some contiguous pixels within the read portion of the array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/40—Extracting pixel data from image sensors by controlling scanning circuits, e.g. by modifying the number of pixels sampled or to be sampled
- H04N25/44—Extracting pixel data from image sensors by controlling scanning circuits, e.g. by modifying the number of pixels sampled or to be sampled by partially reading an SSIS array
- H04N25/447—Extracting pixel data from image sensors by controlling scanning circuits, e.g. by modifying the number of pixels sampled or to be sampled by partially reading an SSIS array by preserving the colour pattern with or without loss of information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/40—Extracting pixel data from image sensors by controlling scanning circuits, e.g. by modifying the number of pixels sampled or to be sampled
- H04N25/46—Extracting pixel data from image sensors by controlling scanning circuits, e.g. by modifying the number of pixels sampled or to be sampled by combining or binning pixels
Abstract
本发明涉及具有彩色帧处理的标记读取终端。一种标记读取终端包括具有二维图像传感器的图像传感器集成电路,封装二维图像传感器的手持式外壳,以及被配置为将目标可解码标记的图像聚焦到二维图像传感器上的成像透镜。二维图像传感器包括以重复图案布置的多个像素。每个图案包括在第一光谱区域中感光的至少一个像素,在第二光谱区域中感光的至少一个像素,和在第三光谱区域中感光的至少一个像素。图像传感器集成电路被配置为通过读出多个模拟信号来捕获图像数据帧。每个读出的模拟信号表示入射在包括多个像素中的两个或更多个像素的组上的光。图像传感器集成电路进一步配置为将多个模拟信号转换为多个数字信号,并将多个数字信号存储于存储器中。标记读取终端可以处理图像数据帧以尝试解码可解码标记。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2011年6月21日提交的,题为“具有彩色帧处理的标记读取终端”,申请号为13/164,660的美国专利申请的优先权。在此合并上述申请的全文作为参考。
技术领域
本申请大体上涉及标记读取(indicia reading)终端,特别是基于光学的标记读取终端。
背景技术
标记读取终端有多种用途。如在零售店收银处常见的,众所周知的枪式读取器(reader),是典型的没有键盘和显示器的应用形式。也可以使用增强功能的标记读取终端,其具有键盘显示器和高级的联网通信能力。典型地,标记读取终端具有激活解码尝试的触发器。
标记读取终端的制造商已经将具有提高的分辨率的图像传感器(根据像素数量来衡量)整合到他们的标记读取终端中。但是,由于图像传感器的像素数量增加,也带来了性能和成本方面的缺点。由于像素尺寸变得更小,产生的信噪比(SNR)对解码性能和手动容限的影响潜在地变低。同样地,由于像素数的增加,存储器带宽开销增加。
发明内容
在一个实施例中,提供了一种标记读取终端,其包括具有二维图像传感器的图像传感器集成电路,封装二维图像传感器的手持式外壳,以及被配置为将目标可解码标记的图像聚焦到二维图像传感器上的成像透镜。二维图像传感器能够包括以重复图案(repetitive pattern)布置的多个像素。每个图案能够包括在第一光谱区域中感光的(sensitive)至少一个像素,在第二光谱区域中感光的至少一个像素,和在第三光谱区域中感光的至少一个像素。图像传感器集成电路可以被配置为通过读出多个模拟信号来捕获图像数据帧。每个读出的模拟信号可以表示入射在包含所述多个像素中的两个或更多个像素的组上的光。每个包含两个或更多个像素的组可以包括在第一光谱区域中感光的像素和在第三光谱区域中感光的像素,在第二光谱区域中感光的两个像素,在第一光谱区域中感光的像素和在第二光谱区域中感光的像素,或在第二光谱区域中感光的像素和在第三光谱区域中感光的像素。图像传感器集成电路可以进一步被配置为将多个模拟信号转换为多个数字信号,并将多个数字信号存储于存储器中。标记读取终端可以用于处理图像数据帧,以尝试解码可解码标记。
在另一个实施例中,提供了一种标记读取终端,其包括具有二维图像传感器的图像传感器集成电路,封装二维图像传感器的手持式外壳,以及被配置为将目标可解码标记的图像聚焦到二维图像传感器上的成像透镜。二维图像传感器能够包括以重复图案布置的多个像素。每个图案可以包括在第一光谱区域中感光的至少一个像素,在第二光谱区域中感光的至少一个像素,和在第三光谱区域中感光的至少一个像素。图像传感器集成电路可以被配置为通过读出多个模拟信号来捕获图像数据帧。每个读出的模拟信号可以表示入射在所述多个像素中的像素上的光。图像传感器集成电路可以被进一步配置为将多个模拟信号转换为多个数字信号,并将多个数字信号存储于存储器中。标记读取终端可以被配置为将表示包含两个或更多个像素的组的像素值的数字信号转换为单个数字像素值。每个包含两个或更多个像素的组可以包括在第一光谱区域中感光的像素和在第三光谱区域中感光的像素,在第二光谱区域中感光的两个像素,在第一光谱区域中感光的像素和在第二光谱区域中感光的像素,或在第二光谱区域中感光的像素和在第三光谱区域中感光的像素。标记读取终端可以用于处理图像数据帧,以尝试解码可解码标记。
附图说明
参考下面描述的附图,能够更好地理解此处所描述的特征。附图不一定是按比例绘制的,重点通常放在阐明本发明的原理。在附图中,在所有各个视图中同样的数字被用于表示同样的部分。
图1示意性地图示了此处所述的2x2彩色图像合并(binning)的方法;
图2是图示执行此处所述方法的示例性硬件平台的框图;
图3a示意性地图示2x2彩色方法,其在每个Bayer图案组中对表示在绿光谱区域中感光的两个像素的两个信号取平均;
图3b示意性地图示2x2彩色方法,其在每个Bayer图案组中将表示在绿光谱区域中感光的两个像素的两个信号求和;
图3c示意性地图示2x2彩色方法,其在每个Bayer图案组中将表示入射在分别在红、绿、和蓝光谱区域中感光的三个像素上的光的三个信号求和;
图3d示意性地图示2x2彩色方法,其在每个Bayer图案组中产生表示在红光谱区域中感光的像素的信号;
图3e示意性地图示2x2彩色方法,其在每个Bayer图案组中产生表示在红光谱区域中感光的像素的信号;
图4a、4b图示可以由标记读取终端在捕获的图像帧上执行的合并操作;
图5是图示可以由标记读取终端执行的加窗(windowing)操作的图;
图6是图示一种示例性标记读取终端的视野大小的图,其中在较远程终端到目标距离下,视野包括目标基片的更大区域,并且其中距离越远,相同大小的可解码标记的表示的像素/密耳(或像素/英寸)分辨率则越低;
图7是承载如图2所示的电路的子集的成像模块的分解透视图;
图8是如图7所示的成像模块的组装透视图;
图9是包括如图7和8所示的成像模块的手持式标记读取终端的透视图;
图10是图示可以由标记读取终端执行的各种操作的定时的定时图。
具体实施方式
此处提供了装备有二维彩色图像传感器的标记读取终端。相关联的图像传感器电路可以被配置为读出表示入射在图像传感器像素上的光的模拟信号。图像传感器读出图案可以被设计为实现各种效果。在一个实施例中,为了增加帧读出率和改善信噪比(SNR),图像传感器集成电路能够通过组合来自像素组的电荷来执行帧合并。
在另一方面,图像传感器集成电路可以被配置为如此读出模拟信号以使得每个模拟信号将表示入射在包含两个或更多个像素的组上的光。在一个实施例中,包含两个或更多个像素的组可以包括2x2个相邻像素,并且图像传感器集成电路能够执行如图1中示意性示出的2x2合并。
在一个实施例中,彩色图像传感器102可以包括多个像素104a-104z。在另一方面,像素104a-104z能够以Bayer图案106布置,该图案包括在红光谱区域中感光的一个像素,在绿光谱区域中感光的两个像素,以及在蓝光谱区域中感光的一个像素,如图1所示。在一个实施例中,图像传感器集成电路可以被配置为通过对与在绿光谱区域中感光的两个像素相关联的两个模拟信号取平均,从每个Bayer图案组106之中产生单个模拟信号108。在另一个实施例中,图像传感器集成电路可以被配置为通过将与在绿光谱区域中感光的两个像素相关联的两个模拟信号求和,从每个Bayer图案组106之中产生单个模拟信号108感光。在又另一个实施例中,图像传感器集成电路可以被配置为通过将表示入射在分别在红、绿和蓝光谱区域中感光的三个像素上的光的三个模拟信号求和,从每个Bayer图案组106之中产生单个模拟信号108。在又另一个实施例中,图像传感器集成电路可以被配置为从每个Bayer图案组106之中产生单个模拟信号108,该信号等于表示在红或蓝光谱区域中感光的像素的模拟信号。技术人员会意识到,产生表示包含四个或更多个像素的组的单个模拟信号的其他方法属于本发明的范围。
在另一方面,输出的帧是单色帧,其分辨率等于全帧的1/2以用于2x2合并。如前所述,由根据本发明的标记读取终端所执行的读出过程允许降低帧读出率并且提高SNR。
在另一个实施例中,图像传感器集成电路可以被配置为读出全帧,并且然后可以通过处理表示所读出模拟信号的数字值,在数字域中执行帧合并。
参考图2的框图,示出并描述了用于执行所述方法的示例性硬件平台。标记读取终端1000可以包括图像传感器1032,该图像传感器包括多个像素图像传感器1033,其具有与列电路1034和行电路1035相关联的、以行和列布置的像素。在一个实施例中,图像传感器1033可以由电荷耦合器件(CCD)图像传感器提供。在另一个实施例中,图像传感器可以由互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)图像传感器提供。技术人员会意识到以下事实:其它类型的图像传感器也属于本发明的范围。
与图像传感器1032相关联的可以是放大器电路1036,和模数转换器1037,其将从图像传感器1033读出的模拟信号形式的图像信息转换为数字信号形式的图像信息。图像传感器1032还具有相关联的定时和控制电路1038,其用于控制例如图像传感器1032的曝光时间、应用到放大器电路1036的增益。提到的电路组件1032、1036、1037和1038能够被包装于共同的图像传感器集成电路1040中。在一个例子中,图像传感器集成电路1040可以由可从Micron Technology公司获得的MT9V022图像传感器集成电路提供。在另一个例子中,图像传感器集成电路1040可以由具有2592x1944像素图像传感器的Micron MT9P031图像传感器提供。
在另一方面,图像传感器1032可以由彩色图像传感器提供。在一个实施例中,图像传感器集成电路1040能够包括Bayer图案滤光器(filter)阵列(未在图1中示出),其是彩色滤光器阵列,将红光、绿光或蓝光传到图像传感器1033的所选的像素传感器,从而形成对红光、绿光和蓝光感光的交织网格。使用Bayer图案滤光器从图像传感器读出的模拟信号能够产生彩色图像帧。技术人员将会意识到以下事实:其它类型的彩色图像传感器也属于本发明的范围。
标记读取终端1000可以被配置为读出表示入射在一个或多个像素上的光的模拟信号。读出的模拟信号可以由模拟信号放大器1036放大。模拟信号然后可以被反馈到ADC 1037的输入。所得的表示模拟信号的数字值可以被存储于诸如RAM 1080之类的系统存储器中。RAM 1080中存储的图像帧数据是多比特像素值的形式,每个多比特像素值表示入射在图像传感器1033的像素上的光。终端1000的存储器1085包括RAM 1080、非易失性存储器例如EPROM 1082、和存储设备1084,其例如可由闪存或硬盘驱动存储器提供。
标记读取终端1000可以包括直接存储器存取单元(DMA)1070,其用于传递从图像传感器1032读出的图像信息,该信息已经经过转换并存储于RAM1080。在另一个实施例中,终端1000可以使用系统总线提供总线仲裁机制(例如,PCI总线)从而消除对中央DMA控制器的需求。可以提供用于在图像传感器1032和RAM 1080之间提供高效数据传输的系统总线架构和/或直接存储器存取组件的其它实施例。
在另一方面,标记读取终端1000可以包括CPU 1060,其可以适于读出存储于存储区1080中的图像数据并使这样的图像数据经受各种图像处理算法。
另一方面,标记读取终端1000可以包括各种聚焦成像透镜1110,其用于将位于基片50上的视野140中的可解码标记的图像聚焦到图像传感器1033上。成像光线可以在成像轴25周围传输。可变焦成像透镜1110可适于支持多个最佳焦点距离和多个焦距。在帧时间的片断内,可变焦成像透镜1110能够响应于施加到所述可变焦成像透镜1110的所施加的输入控制信号而提供新的最佳焦点距离和/或焦距。在个实施例中,可变焦成像透镜1110可以由可变形的成像透镜,例如可变形的液体透镜或凝胶透镜提供。在另一个实施例中,可变焦成像透镜1110可以由不可变形的液体透镜,例如电润湿液体透镜提供,其中一团(volume)或多团透镜液体的表面张力响应于施加到透镜的信号而改变,或液晶类型的透镜,其中一团或多团透镜液体的折射率响应于施加到透镜的信号而改变。
标记读取终端1000还可以包括照明图案光源库1024,其用于生成基本上对应于终端1000的视野140的照明图案60,和瞄准图案光源库1208,其用于生成基片50上的瞄准图案70。可以提供成形光学器件(shaping optics)1205和1209以用于将来白库1204和库1208的光分别成形到图案60和图案70中。在使用中,终端1000可以由操作者相对于承载可解码标记15的基片50以这种方式进行定向,使得瞄准图案70被投影到可解码标记15上。在图2的例子中,可解码标记15由一维条形码符号提供。可解码标记也可以由二维条形码符号或光学字符识别(OCR)字符提供。
每个照明图案光源库1204和瞄准图案光源库1208都可以包括一个或多个光源。可以使用聚焦控制模块30来控制可变焦成像透镜1110,并且可以使用照明部件控制模块1220来控制包括照明图案光源库1204和瞄准图案光源库1208的照明部件。聚焦控制模块30可以发送信号到可变焦成像透镜1110,例如用于改变可变焦成像透镜1110的最佳焦点距离和/或焦距。照明部件控制模块1220可以发送信号到照明图案光源库1204,例如用于改变照明图案光源库1204输出的照明级别。
在一个例子中,标记读取终端1000可以被适配成使得照明部件控制模块1220将光源库1204控制成当成像透镜1110的最佳焦点距离被设定为第一较短最佳焦点距离时,具有相对较低的照明输出级别,并且当成像透镜1110的最佳焦点距离被设定为较长最佳焦点距离时,具有相对较高的照明输出级别。这样的可变照明设置可以在触发信号502保持有效的时间内被改变。可变照明级别设置可以与结合参照此处在下文描述的各种配置阐述的特定透镜设置同步。
标记读取终端1000还可以包括多个外围设备,例如,用于显示诸如所捕获的图像帧之类的信息的显示器1304、键盘1404、定点设备1406、和触发器1408,其可以用于激活触发信号502,以用于激活帧读出和/或特定解码过程。标记读取终端1000可以被适配为使得对触发器1408的激活能够激活触发信号502并发起解码尝试。
标记读取终端1000还可以包括各种接口电路,用于将外围设备耦合到系统地址/数据总线(系统总线)1500,用于与也可以耦合到系统总线1500的CPU1060的通信。标记读取终端1000可以包括用于将图像传感器定时和控制电路1038耦合到系统总线1500的电路1026,用于将聚焦控制模块30耦合到系统总线1500的接口电路1118,用于将照明控制部件1220耦合到系统总线1500的接口电路1218,用于将显示器1304耦合到系统总线1500的接口电路1302,和用于将键盘1404、定点设备1406和触发器1408耦合到系统总线1500的接口电路1402。
在另一方面,标记读取终端1000可以包括一个或多个I/O接口1604、1608,其用于提供与外部设备(例如,收银机服务器,存储服务器,库存设施服务器,对等终端1000,局域网基站,或蜂窝基站)的通信。I/O接口1604、1608可以是已知计算机接口的任意组合,例如以太网(IEEE 802.3)、USB、IEEE 802.11、蓝牙、CDMA、GSM。
在另一方面,标记读取终端1000包括合并模块1028,其被配置为控制多像素图像传感器1033、相关联的列电路1034和行电路1035以便修改读出图案。在一个实施例中,合并模块1028可以由专用电路提供。在另一个实施例中,合并模块1028的指定可以是单一功能的,并且列电路1034和行电路1035可以被配置为控制读出图案。在又另一个实施例中,读出图案可以由图像传感器集成电路1040的其它组件控制。
在操作中,落在(例如,由CCD图像传感器提供的)图像传感器的表面上的光,会导致每个像素中的电荷累积。一旦曝光完成,就可以读出电荷,然后表示像素电荷的模拟信号可以由ADC进行数字化。
如上文提到的,在一个实施例中,为了增加帧的读出率以及改善信噪比(SNR),图像传感器集成电路可以通过组合来自像素组的电荷来执行帧合并。
在一个实施例中,像素组可以包括2x2个相邻像素,并且图像传感器集成电路可以执行2x2的合并。在另一个实施例中,像素组可以包括NxN个像素,其中N是正整数,并且图像传感器集成电路可以执行NxN合并。在又另一个实施例中,像素组可以包括MxN个像素,其中M和N都是正整数。
在一个实施例中,组成合并组的像素可以彼此相邻。在另一个实施例中,合并组可以包括不相邻的图片(例如,通过跳过预定义数量的像素)。
在一个实施例中,读出过程可以包括:(i)将来自给定行的若干像素的电荷传送到读出寄存器,然后(ii)将来自读出寄存器的每个像素电荷移到模拟放大器。在一个实施例中,步骤(i)可以传送来自整行像素的电荷。在另一个实施例中,步骤(i)可以传送由若干相邻像素所表示的一行的子集的电荷。在又另一个实施例中,步骤(i)可以传送由若干不相邻的像素表示的一行的子集的电荷。
在将像素电荷从读出寄存器移到模拟放大器之前,可以通过重复传送来自下一行中的若干像素的电荷的步骤(i)来执行帧合并。因此,读出寄存器将包含来自若干行的两个或更多个像素的电荷的和。为了将来自若干列的两个或更多个像素的电荷求和,可以重复将来自读出寄存器的像素电荷移动到模拟放大器的步骤(ii)。合并的程度(上面定义的M和N)可以由步骤(i)和(ii)的重复次数来控制。在一个实施例中,通过将总电荷除以合并程度来执行电荷平均。可以对组成图像帧的所有像素重复上述合并过程。
在一个实施例中,图像传感器集成电路可以被配置为通过对与在绿光谱区域中感光的像素相关联的模拟信号取平均,从每个包含两个或更多个像素的组之中产生单个模拟信号。在图3a示意性示出的说明性实施例中,图像传感器集成电路可以被配置为通过对与在绿光谱区域中感光的两个像素相关联的两个模拟信号取平均,从每个Bayer图案组之中产生单个模拟信号。根据实施例,通过对表示在绿光谱区域中感光的两个像素的两个模拟信号G1和G2取平均:P=(G1+G2)/2,Bayer图案组302可以由单个单色像素304表示。在另一方面,对于NxN合并,结果所得到的单色像素可以计算为P=(G1+G2+...GN)/N。在另一方面,对于MxN合并,结果所得到的单色像素可以计算为P=(G1+G2+...GK)/K,其中Gi是表示在绿光谱区域中感光的像素的模拟信号。可以对组成图像帧的所有像素重复上述模拟合并过程,如图4a示意性示出。
在另一个实施例中,图像传感器集成电路可以被配置为通过对与在绿光谱区域中感光的像素相关联的模拟信号求和,从每个包含两个或更多个像素的组之中产生单个模拟信号。在图3b示意性所示的说明性实施例中,图像传感器集成电路可以被配置为通过对与在绿光谱区域中感光的两个像素相关联的两个模拟信号求和,从每个Bayer图案组之中产生单个模拟信号。根据实施例,通过对表示在绿光谱区域中感光的两个像素的两个模拟信号G1和G2求和:P=(G1+G2),Bayer图案组306可以由单个单色像素308表示。在另一方面,对于NxN合并,结果所得的单色像素可以被计算为P=G1+G2+...GN。在另一方面,对于MxN合并,结果所得的单色像素可以被计算为P=G1+G2+...GK,其中Gi是表示在绿光谱区域中感光的像素的模拟信号。可以对组成图像帧的所有像素重复上述的模拟合并过程,如图4a示意性所示。
在又另一个实施例中,图像传感器集成电路可以被配置为通过对表示入射在分别在红、绿和蓝光谱区域中感光的像素上的光的模拟信号求和,从每个包含两个或更多个像素的组之中产生单个模拟信号。在如图3c中示意性所示的说明性实施例中,图像传感器集成电路可以被配置为通过对表示入射在分别在红、绿和蓝光谱区域中感光的三个像素上的光的三个模拟信号求和,从每个Bayer图案组之中产生单个模拟信号,如图3c示意性所示。根据实施例,Bayer图案组310可以由单个单色像素312表示,通过对三个模拟信号R、G和B求和:P=k1*R+k2*G+k3*B,其中k1、k2、k3是权重因子,因而k1+k2+k3=1。在另一方面,对于MxN合并,结果所得的单色像素可以被计算为P=∑k1*R+∑k2*G+∑k3*B,其中对给定光谱区域中感光的组中的所有像素执行每个求和操作。可以对于组成图像帧的所有像素重复上述模拟合并过程,如图4a示意性所示。
在又另一个实施例中,图像传感器集成电路可以被配置为从每个包含两个或更多个像素的组之中产生单个模拟信号,该模拟信号等于表示在红光谱区域中感光的像素的模拟信号的和。在图3d示意性所示的说明性实施例中,图像传感器集成电路可以被配置为从每个Bayer图案组之中产生单个模拟信号,该信号等于表示在红光谱区域中感光的像素的模拟信号,如图3d示意性所示。根据实施例,通过产生等于表示在红光谱区域中感光的像素的模拟信号的模拟信号:P=R,Bayer图案组314能够由单个单色像素316表示。在另一方面,对于MxN合并,结果所得的单色像素可以被计算为P=∑k1*R,其中对红光谱区域中感光的组中的所有像素执行求和操作。可以对组成图像帧的所有像素重复上述模拟合并过程,如图4a示意性所示。
在又另一个实施例中,图像传感器集成电路可以被配置为从每个包含两个或更多个像素的组之中产生单个模拟信号,该模拟信号等于表示在蓝光谱区域中感光的像素的模拟信号的和。在图3e中示意性所示的说明性实施例中,图像传感器集成电路可以被配置为在每个Bayer图案组之中产生单个模拟信号,该信号等于表示在蓝光谱区域中感光的像素的模拟信号。根据实施例,通过产生等于表示在蓝光谱区域中感光的像素的模拟信号的模拟信号:P=B,Bayer图案组318能够由单个单色像素320表示。在另一方面,对于MxN合并,结果所得的单色像素可以被计算为P=∑k1*B,其中对在蓝光谱区域中感光的组中的所有像素执行求和操作。可以对组成图像帧的所有像素重复上述模拟合并过程,如图4a示意性所示。
在又另一个实施例中,图像传感器集成电路可以被配置为在该方法的每个步骤以一个像素的偏移量在像素阵列上滑动NxM合并窗口来从每个包含两个或更多个像素的组之中产生单个模拟信号,该模拟信号等于表示NxM个相邻像素的模拟信号的平均值。因此,该方法使用的任意两个包含NxM个相邻像素的组能够重叠N*(M-1)个像素。
在图4b示意性所示的说明性2x2合并实施例中,在行=x且列=y处的像素值Pxy如下产生:
Pxy=(Pxy,Px,y+1,Px+1,y,Px+1,y+1)/4
根据实施例,在方法的每个步骤,以一个像素的偏移量在像素阵列上滑动2x2合并窗口,可以将大小为KxL个像素的源彩色图像520转换为大小为(K-1)x(L-1)个像素的合并的单色图像530。可以对组成图像帧的所有像素重复上述模拟2x2合并过程,如图4b示意性所示。
在另一方面,对于NxM合并,在方法的每个步骤,以一个像素的偏移量在像素阵列上滑动NxM合并窗口,可以将大小为KxL个像素的源彩色图像转换为大小为(K-1)x(L-1)个像素的合并的单色图像。因此,在说明性NxM合并实施例中,在行=x且列=y处的像素值Pxy如下产生:
Pxy=(∑Pij)/(N*M),其中i=x,...,x+N-1,j=y,...,y+M-1
可以针对组成图像帧的所有像素重复上述模拟NxM合并过程。
在另一方面,可以将大小为(K-1)x(L-1)个像素的合并的单色图像进一步NxM合并以生成结果所得的大小为(K-1)x(L-1)/(N*M)的单色图像。
技术人员会意识到产生表示包含两个或更多个像素的组的单个模拟信号的其它方法属于本发明的范围。
在另一方面,结果所得的合并帧可以是单色帧,其适于解码可解码标记。在另一方面,在NxN合并之后输出帧的分辨率等于图像传感器分辨率的1/N。因此,NxN模拟合并的帧读出率可以是全帧读出率的1/N。在另一方面,与未合并的帧相比,合并的帧的特征为降低的噪声水平以及因此更高的SNR。因此,合并彩色图像帧对于不需要彩色信息的应用会很有好处。例如,在解码应用中,较高的SNR提供了较高的解码成功率并允许在较低照明的环境中成功解码。
在另一个实施例中,图像传感器集成电路可以被配置为读出全帧或包括相邻像素的矩形组的全帧的子集。可以由图2的模拟信号放大器1036来放大所读出的模拟信号。模拟信号然后可以被反馈到图2的ADC 1037的输入。结果所得的表示模拟信号的数字值可以被存储于系统存储器中,例如图2的RAM1080。存储于RAM 1080中的图像帧数据是多比特像素值的形式,每个多比特像素值表示入射在图2的图像传感器1033的像素上的光。随后,通过图2的CPU 1060处理表示所读出模拟信号的数字值,来在数字域中执行帧合并。
在另一个实施例中,图2的CPU 1060可以被配置为通过对表示在绿光谱区域中感光的像素的数字值取平均,产生表示包含两个或更多个像素的组的单个数字值。在图3a示意性所示的说明性实施例中,通过对表示在绿光谱区域中感光的两个像素的两个数字值G1和G2取平均:P=(G1+G2)/2,Bayer图案组302可以由单个单色像素304表示。在另一方面,在NxN合并的方法中,结果所得的单色像素可以被计算为P=(G1+G2+...GN)/N。在另一方面,对于MxN合并,结果所得的单色像素可以被计算为P=(G1+G2+...GK)/K,其中Gi是表示在绿光谱区域中感光的像素的数字值。可以对于组成图像帧的所有像素重复上述数字合并过程,如图4a示意性所示。
在又另一个实施例中,图2的CPU 1060可以被配置为通过对表示在绿光谱区域中感光的像素的数字值求和,产生表示包含两个或更多个像素的组的单个数字值。在图3b示意性所示的说明性实施例中,可以通过对表示在绿光谱区域中感光的两个像素的数字值求和来表示Bayer图案组,如图3b示意性所示。根据实施例,通过对表示在绿光谱区域中感光的两个像素的两个数字值G1和G2求和:P=(G1+G2),Bayer图案组306可以由单个单色像素308表示。在另一方面,在NxN合并的方法中,结果所得的单色像素可以被计算为P=G1+G2+...GN。可以对于组成图像帧的所有像素重复上述数字合并过程,如图4a示意性所示。
在又另一个实施例中,图2的CPU 1060可以被配置为通过对表示入射在分别在红、绿和蓝光谱区域中感光的三个像素上的光的三个数字值求和,产生表示包含两个或更多个像素的组的单个数字值。在图3c示意性所示的说明性实施例中,图2的CPU 1060可以被配置为通过对表示入射在分别在红、绿和蓝光谱区域中感光的三个像素上的光的三个数字值求和,产生表示组成Bayer图案组的像素的单个数字值,如图3c示意性所示。根据实施例,通过对三个数字值R、G和B求和:P=k1*R+k2*G+k3*B,可以由单色像素312表示Bayer图案组310,其中k1、k2、k3是权重因子,因而k1+k2+k3=1。在另一方面,对于MxN合并,结果所得的单色像素可以被计算为P=∑k1*R+∑k2*G+∑k3*B,其中对给定光谱区域中感光的组中的所有像素执行每个求和操作。可以对组成图像帧的所有像素重复上述数字合并过程,如图4a示意性所示。
在又另一个实施例中,图2的CPU 1060可以被配置为产生表示包含两个或更多个像素的组的单个数字值,该值等于表示在红光谱区域中感光的像素的数字值。在图3d示意性所示的说明性实施例中,图2的CPU 1060可以被配置为产生表示组成Bayer图案组的像素的单个数字值,该值等于表示在红光谱区域中感光的像素的数字值,如图3d示意性所示。根据实施例,Bayer图案组314可以由数字值所表示的单个单色像素316表示,该数字值等于表示在红光谱区域中感光的像素的数字值:P=R。在另一方面,对于MxN合并,结果所得的单色像素可以被计算为P=∑k1*R,其中对在红光谱区域中感光的组中的所有像素执行求和操作。可以对组成图像帧的所有像素重复上述数字合并过程,如图4a示意性所示。
在又另一个实施例中,图2的CPU 1060可以被配置为产生表示包含两个或更多个像素的组的单个数字值,该值等于表示在蓝光谱区域中感光的像素的数字值。在图3e示意性所示的说明性实施例中,图2的CPU 1060可以被配置为产生表示组成Bayer图案组的像素的单个数字值,该值等于表示在蓝光谱区域中感光的像素的数字值,如图3e示意性所示。根据实施例,Bayer图案组318可以由数字值所表示的单个单色像素320来表示,该数字值等于表示在蓝光谱区域中感光的像素的数字值:P=B。在另一方面,对于MxN合并,结果所得的单色像素可以被计算为P=∑k1*B,其中对在蓝光谱区域中感光的组中的所有像素执行求和操作。可以对组成图像帧的所有像素重复上述数字合并过程,如图4a示意性所示。
在又另一个实施例中,图2的CPU 1060可以被配置为通过在该方法的每个步骤以一个像素的偏移量在像素阵列上滑动NxM合并窗口,来产生表示包含两个或更多个像素的组的单个数字值,该值等于表示NxM个相邻像素的数字值。因此,该方法所使用的任意两个包含NxM个相邻像素的组能够重叠N*(M-1)个像素。
在图4b示意性所示的说明性2x2合并实施例中,在行=x且列=y处的像素值Pxy如下产生:
Pxy=(Pxy,Px,y+1,Px+1,y,Px+1,y+1)/4
根据实施例,可以通过在方法的每个步骤中以一个像素的偏移量在像素阵列上滑动2x2合并窗口,将大小为KxL个像素的源彩色图像520转换为大小为(K-1)x(L-1)个像素的合并的单色图像530。可以对组成图像帧的所有像素重复上述数字2x2合并过程,如图4b示意性所示。
在另一方面,对于NxM合并,可以通过在方法的每个步骤中以一个像素的偏移量在像素阵列上滑动NxM合并窗口,将大小为KxL个像素的源彩色图像转换为大小为(K-1)x(L-1)个像素的合并的单色图像。因此,在说明性NxM合并实施例中,在行=x且列=y处的像素值Pxy如下产生:
Pxy=(∑Pij)/(N*M),其中i=x,...,x+N-1,j=y,...,y+M-1
可以对组成图像帧的所有像素重复上述数字NxM合并过程。
在另一方面,可以将大小为(K-1)x(L-1)个像素的合并的单色图像进一步NxM合并以产生结果所得的大小为(K-1)x(L-1)/(N*M)的单色图像。
技术人员会意识到产生表示包含两个或更多个像素的组的单个数字值的其它方法属于本发明的范围。
在另一方面,结果所得的数字合并帧可以是单色帧,其适于解码可解码标记。在另一方面,在NxN合并之后输出帧的分辨率可以等于图像传感器分辨率的1/N。因此,NxN模拟合并的帧读出率是全帧读取率的1/N。在另一方面,与未合并的帧相比,合并的帧的特征为降低的噪声水平以及因此更高的SNR。因此,合并彩色图像帧对于不需要彩色信息的应用会很有好处。例如,在解码应用中,较高的SNR提供了较高的解码成功率并允许在较低照明的环境中成功解码。
在另一方面,合并的帧可以基于与像素位置块相对应的图像信息,使用不同于简单求和或取平均的函数。例如,标记读取终端1000可以执行彩色到灰色级合并,其使用白平衡系数以减少Moiré图案影响。例如,可以使用方程A=Cr*a0+Cg*(a1+a2)/2+Cb*a3执行合并过程,其中Cr、Gg和Cb是白平衡系数。这样的系数能够通过例如白补丁(white patch)或灰色世界算法来全局或局部获得。
另一方面,标记读取终端1000可以包括作为图像传感器集成电路1040的一部分而包含的加窗电路1029。响应于经由电路1026和定时控制电路1038从CPU 1060接收的命令,加窗电路1029可以选择性地寻址以读出图像传感器1033的像素的子集。参考图5进一步描述加窗帧。如图5所示,图像传感器1033可以包括布置于多个行和列像素中的多个像素。终端1000用于读出来自图像传感器1033的全帧图像数据。当读出全帧时,终端1000可以读出与图像传感器1033的所有或基本上所有像素相对应的图像数据(例如,图像传感阵列1033的80%到100%)。当读出加窗帧的图像数据时,终端1000可以读出与图像传感器1033的像素的子集相对应的图像信息。在一个读出加窗帧的例子中,终端1000可以读出与少于图像传感器1033的80%的像素相对应的图像信息。在另一个读出加窗帧的例子中,终端1000可以读出与少于图像传感器1033的50%像素相对应的图像信息。在另一个读出加窗帧的例子中,终端1000可以读出与少于图像传感器1033的1/3像素相对应的图像信息。在另一个读出加窗帧的例子中,终端1000可以读出与少于图像传感器1033的25%像素相对应的图像信息。在另一个读出加窗帧的例子中,终端1000可以读出与少于图像传感器1033的10%像素相对应的图像数据。
参考图5描述所读出的加窗帧的特定例子。加窗帧可以包括在位置上相邻的像素的连续组。提供连续组的像素,其中组包括在由组的边界像素定义的边界内的每个像素或基本上每个像素。像素组还可以具有包括定义了边界的边界像素和边界内的跳过像素的像素组,例如边界内的每隔一个或每第三个像素被跳过。在图5的示例中,像素组1502是为读出加窗帧而选择性地寻址的图像传感器1033的像素。在图5的示例中,像素组1502显示为包括从具有MxN个像素的图像传感器1033中选择性地寻址的位置上相邻像素的KxL(K>5,L>5)阵列的连续组。经历加窗帧的读出的像素组还可以包括像素的K-1,L>5阵列的连续组,其中像素组是位置上相邻的,使得每个像素位置在位置上临近于所述组的至少一个其他像素位置。加窗电路1029可以被控制来动态地改变在连续帧之间的窗口大小。可以看出在特定的终端到目标距离和透镜设置下的加窗帧可以表示在目标基片的限定区域之内的标记,该限定区域与在其中标记将由表示图像传感器1033的每个像素的帧所表示的限定区域相比相对较小。
当图像信息的加窗帧被读出并以数字图像数据的形式存储在存储器中时,所提供的图像表示具有与对应于全帧的图像表示相比被减少的多个像素位置。如图5所示,图像数据1504的加窗帧可以具有对应于为读出加窗帧而选择性地寻址的像素组1502的像素数目的像素位置数目。如本文在前所述,从图像传感器1033读出的图像信息可以通过放大器电路1036来放大,然后经历模数转换器1037的转换,且接着经历被存储于RAM 1080中。存储到RAM 1080中的所存储图像数据可以是多比特像素值的形式。加窗帧1504当存储在存储器1085(其中其可被寻址以供CPU 1060处理)中时,可以包括对应于经选择性寻址和选择性读出的像素的K×L阵列的多个像素位置,并且每个像素位置可以具有与之相关联的多比特像素值,该多比特像素值表示入射在具有图像传感器1033的对应像素位置的像素的光。
捕获加窗帧1504的时间比捕获全帧少。因此,当终端1000从捕获全帧切换到捕获加窗帧时,可增加帧速率并减少帧捕获时间。由于像素位置数目相对于全帧的像素位置数目被减少,用于存储加窗帧1504的存储开销带宽也被减少。再次参照图5,可以看出加窗帧1504仍然可以具有足够的大小来包括可解码标记15的完整表示,如图5所示,其中像素组1502处于图像传感器的中心,其中标记15以终端1000的全帧视野为中心,并且其中标记15处在距终端1000足够远的距离。利用包括元件1208、1209的瞄准图案发生器(该元件1208、1209适于沿视野140的水平延伸的中心线投射瞄准图案70),终端1000可以容易地被定位以使得对应于像素组1502的一部分视野以标记15为中心。
在一个实施例中,终端1000可以被配置为组合加窗和合并过程。参考图5,帧1506可以表示施加到加窗帧1504的2x2合并的结果。在一个实施例中,加窗帧1504可以经历本文在前所述的模拟合并过程。在另一个实施例中,加窗帧1504可以经历本文在前所述的数字合并过程。结果所得的帧1506的分辨率等于全帧分辨率的1/2,因此与全帧1033和1504相比,进一步降低了读出时间和SNR。
终端1000可以以称为帧速率的速率捕获图像数据帧。典型帧速率是60帧每秒(FPS),其转换成16.6ms的帧捕获时间(帧周期)。另一个典型帧速率是30帧每秒(FPS),其转换成每帧33.3ms的帧捕获时间(帧周期)。帧速率可以增加(并且帧时间减少),其中所捕获的帧是已合并的帧或已加窗的帧。
如图6所示,在较长读取距离下,标记读取终端1000的视野所包含的表面区域可以扩大。由此,相比于在相对较长的终端到目标距离d2下的视野140,在相对较短的终端到目标距离d1处,给定物理大小区域的可解码标记15将占用视野140的更大部分。在一个实施例中,终端1000可用于处理一个或多个图像数据的合并帧并捕获图像数据的加窗帧。在较短程的终端到目标距离下,合并帧对用于对可解码标记进行解码而言尤其有利。在相对较短的终端到目标距离下,像素分辨率在确定解码速度或解码可能性中不是十分重要的因素。此外,因为合并帧包括比表示物理空间中相同区域的未合并帧更小数目的像素位置,所以合并帧降低了存储带宽开销。另一方面,在较长的终端到目标距离下,加窗帧的使用对解码图像数据帧而言尤其有用。与标准大小的帧相比,加窗帧能被更迅速地捕获。因为在较长的终端到目标的距离下捕获的帧预计会具有大量不表示加窗帧的区域之外的可解码标记的无关图像数据,所以以较长的终端到目标距离进行加窗能降低图像捕获时间而不降低成功解码的可能性。此外,因为加窗帧包含的像素值比全帧少,所以加窗帧降低了存储带宽开销。
参照图7和8,用于支持终端1000的元件的成像模块300可以包括放置在印刷电路板1802上的图像传感器集成电路1040,以及均显示为通过单个光源提供的照明图案光源库1204和瞄准图案光源库1208。成像模块300还可以包括图像传感器集成电路1040的容器1806和容纳成像透镜1110的外壳1810。成像模块300还可以包括具有光学器件的光学板1814,该光学器件用于将来自库1204和1208的光成形为预定的图案。成像模块300可以被放置在手持式外壳11中,其示例如图9所示。放置在手持式外壳11上的可以是显示器1304、触发器1408、定点设备1406和键盘1404。
参照图10的定时图来描述根据所述处理进行操作的标记读取终端1000的示例。参照图10的定时图,信号502是触发信号。终端1000可操作为使得响应于触发器1408被启动而使触发信号502有效,并且进一步使得触发信号502保持有效直到之前的触发器1408被释放或预定数目的可解码标记(例如,1个)被成功地解码和输出。与已经被解码的编码标记相对应的解码消息可以被输出,例如,通过将所述消息存储到非易失性存储器(例如,存储器1084)中,和/或在显示器1304上显示解码消息,和/或传输所述解码消息到装备了CPU的外部终端,例如,本地联网个人计算机或远程服务器。曝光控制信号510可以始终有效,或者否则如图10所示的实施例中,终端1000可操作为使得响应于使得触发信号502有效而使曝光控制信号510有效。在每个曝光时段(例如,时段e0,e1,e2…)期间,图像传感器1033的像素可通过可变焦成像透镜1110暴露于聚焦在图像传感器1033上的光。终端1000可操作为使得在每个曝光时段e0,e1,e2…的应用之后,读出控制脉冲可以被应用于图像传感器1032,来读出与在在先曝光时段内累积在图像传感器1033的像素上的电荷相对应的电压。读出控制信号512可以包括如图10的定时图中所指示的一系列读出控制脉冲。在读出控制脉冲之后,电压形式的图像信息可以通过放大器电路1036被放大,通过模拟数字转换器1037转换为数字格式,并且所转换的图像数据可以通过DMA单元1070被路由以存储到可以通过CPU 1060来寻址的存储器1080中。从图10的定时图可以看出,在激活触发信号502之后,一系列帧可以连续地被存储到存储器1080中,其中帧是可寻址的以供CPU 1060处理。终端1000可操作为使得存储器1080对成功存储到其中的有限和预定数目的帧进行缓冲,并且在存储预定数目的后继帧之后丢弃旧帧。
参照示例性标记读取终端的其他方面,时间曲线图(time plot)514示出可变焦成像透镜1110的焦点调整时段(focus adjustment period)。已经描述了可变焦成像透镜1110可具有多个焦点位置(focus position)。在一个例子中,可变焦成像透镜1110可以具有在第一较短的终端到目标距离下限定光学焦点的平面的较短程焦点位置,在与较短程焦点距离相比较长的距离下限定光学焦点的平面的较远程的焦点位置,以及可以具有焦点距离在较短和较长焦点距离之间的中程(intermediate range)焦点距离。在各种实施例中,改变可变焦成像透镜1110的焦点距离是有利的。在参照图10的定时图所描述的示例中,可变焦成像透镜1110的焦点距离可以在触发信号502保持有效的时间期间被改变。在参照图10所示的方面中,调整时段(例如,时段m0,m1,m2…)与图像传感器1033的曝光时段进行协调。参照图10的定时图,可变焦成像透镜1110的调整时段m0,m1,m2…可以以这样一种方式被定时以与作为曝光时段(例如,e0,e1,e2…)的中间体的时段一致,使得在可变焦成像透镜1110的焦点和可能的焦距特性处于变化状态的时间期间,曝光可被避免。在调整时段内被曝光的帧预计会是模糊的或者以其它方式被忽略。因此,在这样的时段内避免曝光可以是有利的。在图10的示例中,可变焦成像透镜1110在触发信号502的激活时段内每个曝光时段都经受中间调整。然而,应该理解的是,可变焦成像透镜1110的焦点位置和固定长度可以经过一系列曝光时段而保持恒定。可变焦成像透镜1110可以被选择为具有以下类型,其中焦点位置和焦距可以在短时间段(例如,小于10ms)之内变化。其中,可变焦成像透镜1110是可变形透镜,所述透镜的光学属性(例如焦距及因此的焦点距离)的调整可以由施加到所述透镜表面的力来产生以改变其凹度。其中,可变焦成像透镜1110是液晶透镜,可变焦成像透镜1110的调整可以由应用电信号到可变焦成像透镜1110以改变所述透镜的折射率及因此的所述透镜的焦距和焦点距离来产生。
参照图10的定时图的时间曲线图516和518,CPU 1060能使一系列帧中的每个帧经历初步处理并且能使一系列帧的子集经历解码处理来尝试解码图像数据帧。时间曲线图516示出CPU 1060对帧的初步处理的时间。
在初步处理时段p0,p1,p2…内,CPU 1060可以初步评估一系列帧中的每个帧。这样的初步处理可以包括例如,基于平均白色级(white level)检测帧质量或基于另一个标准边缘锐度入射(incidence in sharpness of edges)检测帧质量。基于初步处理的结果,一系列帧中的帧的子集可以经历解码处理来尝试解码被表示在帧中的可解码标记。在图10的定时图的特定示例中,CPU 1060可以使初始帧(frame=frame0)在时段d0内经历解码处理,可以切换到在时段d2内的对frame=frame2的解码处理,并且可以切换到在时段d4内的对frame=frame4的解码处理。在图10的定时图中,下标指示帧编号,例如,曝光时段en-1指示frame=frame en-1的曝光时段,处理时段p1指示一系列帧中的frame=frame1的初步处理,并且解码时段d2指示frame=frame2的解码处理时段等。终端1000可操作使得限制初步处理时段p0,p1,p2…占用超过预定的时间段,例如,超过预定的时间片段。在一个实施例中,可以限制初步处理时段p0,p1,p2…占用超过帧时间的多于一半的时间段,即,当帧时间是16.6ms时超过8.3ms。
如上所述,标记读取终端1000可以在模拟域中通过激活像素合并电路1028,或者在数字域中例如由CPU 1060借助于处理所存储的帧,对图像数据帧进行合并。其中可操作来通过处理存储在存储器1085中的图像数据帧对数字域中的帧进行合并,CPU 1060可用于提供合并帧,或者作为在诸如时段p0,p1,p2…的时段内对帧的初步处理的一部分,或者作为诸如在时段d0,d1,d2…内解码过程的一部分。
另一方面,标记读取终端1000的合并、加窗和焦点控制的过程可以以协调的方式被控制来增强终端1000的性能。
参照表格A来描述终端1000的各种可能配置。可操作终端1000以使得任一所列配置可以通过对应于所述配置的所显示按钮1305的操作者选择来使之有效。可操作终端1000以显示对应于每个可能配置的一个按钮1305。表格A依照多个不同配置中的每一个描述在触发信号502保持有效的时间内经受处理的帧的各方面。
表格A
当配置A有效的时候,终端1000可用来捕获和处理一系列正常(normal)帧直到预定条件得以满足位置,然后切换到一个或多个合并帧的处理。与表格A的有关术语“正常帧”指的是既未合并也未加窗的帧。可以通过在上文解释的模拟或数字合并来提供合并帧。所述预定条件可以是例如超时(time out)条件(例如,从触发信号启动的时刻开始的预定时间内解码不成功)。所述预定条件还可以是例如所感测的终端到目标距离或帧的质量满足例如通过在帧的所选采样区域处的采样值集合的一阶导数的绝对值的求和来测量的预定标准。终端1000可用于利用图像数据帧的平均白色级来感测终端到目标距离。终端1000可以确定当帧的平均白色级在预定阈值之上的时候所述终端处于相对更短的终端到目标距离。当配置A有效的时候焦点设置在帧之间不变化。因此终端1000可以按照配置A操作,甚至在成像透镜1110不是可变焦透镜而是通过固定焦点成像透镜提供的固定透镜,没有能力改变它已限定的焦点距离或焦距的情况下。可以以比未合并帧更高的速度来捕获合并帧。因此,配置A的选择和此处所述的以合并帧为特征的所有配置可以加速解码操作。
就配置B而言,除了按照配置B,到合并帧的处理的切换与可变焦成像透镜1110的特定焦点设置同步之外,配置B与配置A是相同的。在配置B中,帧的合并可以响应于结合配置A解释的预定标准之一的满足而被有条件地执行。然而,按照配置A,焦点设置的变化可以由预定标准被满足而引起。在配置B中,可以操作终端1000以使得在合并帧(其可以在经过存储之前或之后被合并)的曝光时段内可变焦成像透镜1110被设置为较短的焦点设置。由此,在目标标记实际上被布置在较短的焦点距离的情况下,成功解码的可能性将首先通过结果所得帧的锐聚焦而增加,其次通过帧的合并所产生的更高SNR而增加,其中通过将与像素位置块相关联的成像信息值取平均来进行合并。
当处于配置C的时候,终端1000响应于触发信号502被使得有效,而可以捕获和处理多个正常帧,然后在信号502的激活时段内切换为响应于预定标准而捕获加窗帧。如上所述,可以以更高速度捕获加窗帧;因此配置C的选择和所描述的以加窗帧为特征的所有配置加速了解码操作。所述预定标准可以例如是:在触发信号激活的时间段内的预定时间内该解码不成功,或所述终端处在距离目标相对更长的距离(其可以例如通过在预定阈值之下的在先帧的平均白色级来指示),或帧的质量满足例如通过在帧的所选采样区域处的采样值的集合的一阶导数的绝对值的求和来测量的预定标准。
在配置D中,可变焦成像透镜1110的焦点和帧类型(合并、正常、加窗)二者在连续帧之间切换。帧的合并可以与在较短焦点设置下的可变焦成像透镜的设置同步(终端1000可以被控制以使得在合并帧的曝光时段内,所述成像透镜被设置为较短焦点设置)。正常未合并的全帧的捕获可以与中间焦点设置同步(终端1000可以被控制以使得在正常帧的曝光时段内,所述可变焦成像透镜被设置为中间焦点设置)。加窗帧的捕获可以与可变焦成像透镜1110在较远程焦点设置下的设置同步(可以控制终端1000以使得在加窗帧的曝光时段内,所述图像透镜被设置为较长焦点设置)。
参照按照配置E的操作,除了帧特性在合并帧和加窗帧之间切换而没有正常(未合并,未加窗的)帧被捕获之外,按照有效配置E的操作和有效配置D的操作一样。相应地,在触发信号502和配置E有效的情况下被捕获的每个帧可以相对于未合并帧以更快的帧时间被捕获并且可以相对于正常帧具有降低的存储开销带宽。
在所述配置D和E的实施例中,可以依照开环操作来执行在合并帧、正常帧(配置D)和加窗帧之间的切换,每个都与针对每个帧类型的特定透镜设置下的可变焦成像透镜1110的设置的同步,其中进行所述切换而不需要该切换以预定条件被满足为条件(例如,终端到目标距离,经过的解码类型)。然而,在配置D和E的变型中,可操作终端1000以使得在帧类型(每个与特定的透镜设置同步)之间的切换以预定条件被满足为条件(例如,经过的解码时间阈值被满足或预定的终端到目标距离被满足)。
参照配置F,除了焦点设置和帧类型不针对每个连续帧进行切换之外,终端1000按照配置F的操作与其按照配置E的操作相似。作为替代,焦点设置和帧类型(合并帧,加窗帧)对于预定数目(在所描述示例中为3)而言保持恒定然后切换到新的焦点设置和帧时间。在配置F中,像配置E一样,每个帧或是合并帧或是加窗帧。相应地,与未合并的全帧的帧时间相比,在配置F有效的情况下所捕获的每个帧可以以更快的帧时间被捕获。在配置C、D、E、和F的示例中,加窗帧可以是具有对应于(表示光入射在)足够大小的连续像素组的图像数据的加窗帧,以使得加窗帧的图像数据可以表示完整的解码标记(但是由于如将要被描述的解码可以通过为所给定的特定符号关联代码字来实现,无需为解码成功而表示完整的标记)。在一个例子中,当图像传感器1032具有2592×1944的总像素时,加窗帧可以是图像数据,该图像数据表示入射在以图像传感器1032的中心为中心的连续的2592×512的像素组的光。
在表格A中配置G的激活可以被认为是图片拍摄操作模式的激活。当在图片拍摄操作模式下操作时,终端1000响应于触发信号502的激活而可以捕获并输出图像数据的彩色帧。为输出图像数据的彩色帧,终端1000可以将彩色帧写到显示器1304和/或将所述帧写到非易失性存储器1084。为输出彩色帧,终端1000可替代地或另外可以经由I/O接口1604、1608传输所述帧到外部基于CPU的终端(例如,远程服务器,本地个人计算机)。
在配置G的示例中,终端1000,在配置G有效的情况下响应于触发信号502的激活而可以捕获受限的预定数目的帧(在特定示例中为三个)。CPU 1060可以当在图片拍摄模式下的操作期间输出帧时在输出结果所得的降噪的帧之前对这三帧取平均来降噪。当终端1000在图片拍摄模式下操作时,如结合(如与图10的定时图相结合描述的)时段所描述的解码处理可以被避免(标记解码模块40被禁用)。标记解码模块40还可以在配置G有效的情况下启用,并且可以在表格A的所有其它配置的情况下启用,以便在激活时段期间所捕获的帧的子集经历解码尝试。
如表格A中所指示的那样,在图片拍摄模式有效时,考虑到该模式有效的情况下拍摄的大部分图片将以远程进行拍摄的预期,终端1000可以将可变焦成像透镜1110的焦点设置设为较远程的焦点设置(使得成像透镜在每个帧的曝光时段内被设置为较长焦点设置)。
现在参考配置H,在配置H有效的情况下,终端1000可以对在触发器信号502有效时捕获的每个所捕获帧进行合并(在过滤捕获之前或之后)。由此,每个所捕获的帧(通过存储到存储器1085中而完成捕获)可以从彩色帧转换成单色帧,使得其处于可使用适于用于单色帧的已知解码算法进行处理的形式。在每个合并帧的曝光时段内,成像透镜1110可以设置为较短焦点设置,以使得通过处理以短程捕获的帧而成功地对可解码标记进行解码的可能性增加。
如由配置I所指示的,经过合并的像素位置块的块大小可以是可变块大小。进一步,可以操作终端1000以使得合并块的大小与可变焦成像透镜1110的透镜设置同步,并且随可变焦成像透镜1110的透镜设置而改变。在配置I的示例中,终端1000能够进行4×4块合并,并且可以具有比称为“较短(shorter)”的焦点位置相对更短的“甚至更短(even shorter)”的焦点位置。在这种实施例中,4×4块帧的曝光可以按此处所述的同步方式与甚至更短的焦点距离设置同步。焦点位置的这种调整可以遵循表格A中总结的模式。此外按照配置I,终端1000能以可变窗口大小进行加窗并且可以具有“甚至更长(even longer)”的焦点位置,其比指定为“较长(longer)”的焦点位置相对更长。在特定窗口中终端1000能够捕获与阵列1033中心处的连续的2952×512像素组相对应的2952×512加窗帧,以及与阵列1033中心处的连续的2952×512像素组相对应的更小的1000×200加窗帧。依照所述帧捕获和图像焦点调整模式,终端1000在“较长”焦点位置下的曝光之后可以将帧设置调整为“甚至更长”并且当所述透镜设置是“甚至更长”焦点设置时可以曝光更小的加窗帧,曝光时段和透镜设置依照在这里所述的方式被同步。配置I所示的可变合并大小和可变加窗大小可以被实现为反复试验图像捕获方案的一部分,其中终端1000捕获多个帧来依照开环操作进行处理而不检测所感测的终端到目标的距离或任何其它预定标准。可变合并仓(bin)大小和/或可变加窗大小方案还可以被实现为如结合配置B和C所解释的所检测的预定标准方案的一部分,其中终端1000可以响应于所检测的标准(例如,终端到目标距离,解码时间)而激活合并模块10(配置B)或加窗模块20(配置C)。参照各种配置还描述的是焦点设置可以与合并模块10和加窗模块20的激活相协调(例如,合并模块10的激活可以与在较短焦点设置下的成像透镜1110的设置同步,并且加窗模块20的激活可以与在较长焦点设置下的成像透镜1110的设置同步)。可以看出,终端1000可以适于响应于所检测的终端到目标距离而改变合并仓大小,并且将针对特定的终端到目标距离的特定合并仓大小与同步的特定焦点设置相关联。终端1000还可以响应于所检测的终端到目标距离而改变窗口大小并且将针对特定的终端到目标距离的特定窗口大小与同步的特定焦点设置相关联。此外,终端1000可以被适配为使得不论检测合并仓大小或窗口大小的方法,所建立的合并仓大小或窗口大小可以与同步的特定焦点设置相关联。此外,终端1000可以被适配以使得在没有用于检测所感测条件的任何检测方法的情况下,依照开环操作的所述终端可以建立将与同步的特定焦点设置相关联的合并仓大小或窗口大小。
现在参考在例如图10的时段d0,d2,dn-4内可由标记解码终端1000执行的标记解码过程,CPU 1060可以被编程以执行解码过程来尝试解码图像数据帧。为尝试解码图像数据帧,CPU 1060可以沿采样路径例如在帧的中心处或被确定为包括可解码标记表示的坐标位置处对所捕获图像数据帧的图像数据进行采样。在一个例子中,选择来执行解码尝试的采样路径可以是对于先前帧而言被确定与可解码标记表示相交的采样路径。接下来,CPU 1060可以执行二阶导数边缘检测来检测边缘。在完成边缘检测之后,CPU 1060可以确定指示边缘之间宽度的数据。CPU 1060随后能搜索启/停(start/stop)字符元素序列并且如果找到,则逐字符地通过与字符集表相比得出元素序列字符。对特定符号体系,CPU1060还可以执行校验和计算。如果CPU 1060成功地确定在启/停字符序列之间的所有字符并且成功地计算校验和(如果适用),则CPU 1060可以输出解码的消息。
在可解码标记表示是二维条形码符号体系的情况下,解码尝试可以包括以下步骤:使用特征检测算法定位取景器图案(finder pattern),依照与所述取景器图案的预定关系来定位与所述取景器图案相交的扫描线,沿所述扫描线确定明暗单元的图案,并且经由表格查找将每个光图案转换成字符或字符串。在一个例子中,终端1000可以被适配以使得CPU 1060在触发信号保持有效的时间期间使所捕获的每个帧经历解码尝试(例如,frame=frame0,frame1,frame2…在参照表格A描述的任何配置中)。在可替代的示例中,如已在此处所述的,终端1000可以被适配以使得CPU 1060只使帧的子集经历解码尝试,并且依照预定标准选择经历解码的帧。
应该注意的是,当切换到对新的帧进行解码时(即从在时段d0内frame=frame0切换到在时段d2内frame=frame2)终端1000可以不丢弃对先前帧解码的结果。例如,在某些情况下,经历解码的可解码标记可以是可被解码以输出代码字的符号体系类型的条形码。条形码符号的代码字不是条形码符号的完整解码消息,但是可以与条形码符号的其它代码字一起组合来提供完整的解码消息。条形码符号的经解码的代码字可以被认为是部分解码的消息。可以被解码来提供表示条形码符号的部分解码消息的代码字的符号体系包括PDF 417,UPC,Datamatrix,QR码,和Aztec等等。可操作终端1000来累积通过处理对象帧(subject frame)的集合而确定的部分解码的消息直到符号的解码消息被确定。为解码特定符号体系的条形码可解码标记,CPU 1060可适于组合根据两个或更多不同帧确定的部分解码的输出结果。通过解码图像数据帧所提供的部分解码结果可以取代码字集合的形式。CPU 1060可适于当触发信号502有效时通过处理帧集合中的特定帧来确定代码字的第一集合,并且将代码字的第一集合与当所述触发信号502保持有效时通过处理后续帧所确定的代码字的第二集合组合起来。在一个实施例中,CPU 1060可以被适配以使得CPU 1060可以处理特定帧来确定代码字的第一集合,处理后续帧来提供代码字的第二集合,并且可能处理M个另外的后续帧来提供代码字的第三集合。CPU 1060可以进一步适于组合第一、第二和可能的M个附加的代码字集合来提供解码消息。例如,参照图10的定时图,CPU 1060可处理frame=frame0来确定代码字的第一集合,然后处理frame=frame2来确定代码字的第二集合然后组合所述代码字来提供在时段dn-4期满之后输出的解码消息。
本发明所述的系统方法和设备的小实例如下:
A1.一种标记读取终端,包括:
具有二维图像传感器的图像传感器集成电路,所述二维图像传感器包括以重复图案布置的多个像素,所述重复图案中的每个图案包括在第一光谱区域中感光的至少一个像素,在第二光谱区域中感光的至少一个像素,和在第三光谱区域中感光的至少一个像素;
手持式外壳,封装所述二维图像传感器;
成像透镜,被配置为将目标可解码标记的图像聚焦到所述二维图像传感器上;
其中所述图像传感器集成电路被配置为通过读出多个模拟信号来捕获图像数据帧,所述多个模拟信号中的每个模拟信号表示入射在包含所述多个像素中的两个或更多个像素的组上的光;
其中所述包含两个或更多个像素的组包括以下之一:在所述第一光谱区域中感光的像素和在所述第三光谱区域中感光的像素,在所述第二光谱区域中感光的两个像素,在所述第一光谱区域中感光的像素和在所述第二光谱区域中感光的像素,在所述第二光谱区域中感光的像素和在所述第三光谱区域中感光的像素;
其中所述图像传感器集成电路被进一步配置为将所述多个模拟信号转换为多个数字信号,并将所述多个数字信号存储于存储器中;以及
其中所述标记读取终端可用于处理所述图像数据帧来尝试对可解码标记进行解码。
A2.如A1的标记读取终端,其中所述第一光谱区域由红光谱区域提供,所述第二光谱区域由绿光谱区域提供,并且所述第三光谱区域由蓝光谱区域提供。
A3.如A1的标记读取终端,其中所述包含两个或更多个像素的组由包含四个像素的组提供,其包括在所述第一光谱区域感光的一个像素,在所述第二光谱区域感光的两个像素,和在所述第三光谱区域感光的一个像素。
A4.如A1的标记读取终端,其中所述包含两个或更多个像素的组由包含N个相邻像素的组提供,其中N是正整数。
A5.如A1的标记读取终端,其中所述包含两个或更多个像素的组由包含NxN个相邻像素的组提供,其中N是正整数。
A6.如A1的标记读取终端,其中所述包含两个或更多个像素的组由包含MxN个相邻像素的组提供,其中M和N都是正整数。
A7.如A1的标记读取终端,其中所述每个模拟信号等于以下之一:表示入射在所述像素组的一个或多个像素上的光的模拟信号的和,表示入射在所述像素组的一个或多个像素上的光的模拟信号的平均值。
A8.如A1的标记读取终端,其中所述每个模拟信号等于以下之一:表示入射在所述像素组的一个或多个像素上的光的模拟信号的和,所述一个或多个像素在一个光谱区域中感光,表示入射在所述像素组的一个或多个像素上的光的模拟信号的平均值,所述一个或多个像素在一个光谱区域中感光。
A9.如A1的标记读取终端,其中所述包含两个或更多个像素的组由包含四个像素的组提供,其包括在所述第一光谱区域中感光的一个像素,在所述第二光谱区域中感光的两个像素,在所述第三光谱区域中感光的一个像素;以及
其中所述每个模拟信号等于以下之一:表示入射于在所述第二光谱区域中感光的所述两个像素上的光的模拟信号的平均值,表示入射于在所述第二光谱区域中感光的所述两个像素上的光的模拟信号的和,表示入射于在所述第一光谱区域、所述第三光谱区域之一中感光的像素上的光的亮度的模拟信号。
A10.如A1的标记读取终端,其中所述多个模拟信号包括至少两个包含NxM个像素的组;以及
其中所述至少两个包含两个或更多个像素的组重叠N*(M-1)个像素。
A11.如A1的标记读取终端,包括置于所述图像传感器上的彩色图案滤光器。
A12.如A1的标记读取终端,其中所述图像数据帧是单色帧。
A13.如A1的标记读取终端,其中所述多个模拟信号表示所述图像传感器的基本上所有的像素。
A14.如A1的标记读取终端,其中所述多个模拟信号表示所述图像传感器的像素的子集。
A15.如A1的标记读取终端,其中如果所述图像数据帧的分辨率足以解码所述目标可解码标记,则所述多个模拟信号表示所述图像传感器的基本上所有的像素;以及
如果所述图像数据帧的所述分辨率不足以解码所述目标可解码标记,则所述多个模拟信号表示所述图像传感器的像素的子集。
A16.如A1的标记读取终端,其中所述多个模拟信号表示以所述图像传感器的中心为中心的包含相邻像素的组。
A17.如A1的标记读取终端,其中所述包含两个或更多个像素的组由包含在一个光谱区域中感光的两个或更多个像素的组提供。
B1.一种标记读取终端,包括:
具有二维图像传感器的图像传感器集成电路,所述二维图像传感器包括以重复图案布置的多个像素,所述重复图案中的每个图案包括在第一光谱区域中感光的至少一个像素,在第二光谱区域中感光的至少一个像素,和在第三光谱区域中感光的至少一个像素;
手持式外壳,封装所述二维图像传感器;
成像透镜,被配置为将目标可解码标记的图像聚焦到所述二维图像传感器上;
其中所述图像传感器集成电路被配置为通过读出多个模拟信号来捕获图像数据帧,所述多个模拟信号中的每个模拟信号表示入射在所述多个像素中的像素上的光;
其中所述图像传感器集成电路被进一步配置为将所述多个模拟信号转换为多个数字信号,并将所述多个数字信号存储于存储器中;
其中所述标记读取终端被配置为将表示包含两个或更多个像素的组的像素值的数字信号转换为单个数字像素值;其中所述包含两个或更多个像素的组包括以下之一:在所述第一光谱区域中感光的像素和在所述第三光谱区域中感光的像素,在所述第二光谱区域中感光的两个像素,在所述第一光谱区域中感光的像素和在所述第二光谱区域中感光的像素,在所述第二光谱区域中感光的像素和在所述第三光谱区域中感光的像素;以及
其中所述标记读取终端被进一步配置为处理所述图像数据帧来尝试对可解码标记进行解码。
B2.如B1的标记读取终端,其中所述第一光谱区域由红光谱区域提供,所述第二光谱区域由绿光谱区域提供,并且所述第三光谱区域由蓝光谱区域提供。
B3.如B1的标记读取终端,其中所述包含两个或更多个像素的组由包含四个像素的组提供,其包括在所述第一光谱区域中感光的一个像素,在所述第二光谱区域中感光的两个像素,和在所述第三光谱区域中感光的一个像素。
B4.如B1的标记读取终端,其中所述包含两个或更多个像素的组由包含N个相邻像素的组提供,其中N是正整数。
B5.如B1的标记读取终端,其中所述包含两个或更多个像素的组由包含NxN个相邻像素的组提供,其中N是正整数。
B6.如B1的标记读取终端,其中所述包含两个或更多个像素的组由包含MxN个相邻像素的组提供,其中M和N都是正整数。
B7.如B1的标记读取终端,其中所述单个数字像素值等于以下之一:所述像素组的一个或多个像素的数字像素值的和,所述像素组的一个或多个像素的数字像素值的平均值。
B8.如B1的标记读取终端,其中所述单个数字像素值等于以下之一:所述像素组的一个或多个像素的数字像素值的和,所述一个或多个像素在一个光谱区域中感光,所述像素组的一个或多个像素的数字像素值的平均值,所述一个或多个像素在一个光谱区域中感光。
B9.如B1的标记读取终端,其中所述包含两个或更多个像素的组由包含四个像素的组提供,其包括在所述第一光谱区域中感光的一个像素,在所述第二光谱区域中感光的两个像素,和在所述第三光谱区域中感光的一个像素;以及
其中所述单个数字像素值等于以下之一:在所述第二光谱区域中感光的所述两个像素的数字像素值的平均值,在所述第二光谱区域中感光的所述两个像素的数字像素值的和,在所述第一光谱区域、所述第三光谱区域之一中感光的像素的数字像素值。
B10.如B1的标记读取终端,其中所述多个模拟信号包括至少两个包含NxM个像素的组;以及
其中所述至少两个包含两个或更多个像素的组重叠N*(M-1)个像素。
B11.如B1的标记读取终端,包括置于所述图像传感器上的彩色图案滤光器。
B12.如B1的标记读取终端,其中所述图像数据帧是单色帧。
B13.如B1的标记读取终端,其中所述多个模拟信号表示所述图像传感器的基本上所有的像素。
B14.如B1的标记读取终端,其中所述多个模拟信号表示所述图像传感器的像素的子集。
B15.如B1的标记读取终端,其中如果所述图像数据帧的分辨率足以解码所述目标可解码标记,则所述多个模拟信号表示所述图像传感器的基本上所有的像素;以及
如果所述图像数据帧的所述分辨率不足以解码所述目标可解码标记,所述多个模拟信号表示所述图像传感器的像素的子集。
B16.如B1的标记读取终端,其中所述多个模拟信号表示以所述图像传感器的中心为中心的包含相邻像素的组。
B17.如B1的标记读取终端,其中所述包含两个或更多个像素的组由包含在一个光谱区域中感光的两个或更多个像素的组提供。
尽管已经参照多个具体实施例描述了本发明,应该理解的是,本发明的真正精神和范围只应针对可由本说明书支持的权利要求来确定。此外,尽管在系统、设备和方法被描述为具有特定数目的元件的很多情况下,将理解的是,可用比所提及的特定数目的元件要更少的元件来实践这样的系统、设备和方法。
Claims (15)
1.一种标记读取终端包括:
具有二维图像传感器的图像传感器集成电路,所述二维图像传感器包括以重复图案布置的多个像素,所述重复图案的每个图案包括在第一光谱区域中感光的至少一个像素,在第二光谱区域中感光的至少一个像素,和在第三光谱区域中感光的至少一个像素;
手持式外壳,封装所述二维图像传感器;
成像透镜,被配置为将目标可解码标记的图像聚焦到所述二维图像传感器上;
其中所述图像传感器集成电路被配置为读出多个模拟信号,所述多个模拟信号中的每个模拟信号表示入射在包含所述多个像素中的两个或更多个像素的组上的光;
其中所述包含两个或更多个像素的组包括以下之一:在所述第一光谱区域中感光的像素和在所述第三光谱区域中感光的像素,在所述第二光谱区域中感光的两个像素,在所述第一光谱区域中感光的像素和在所述第二光谱区域中感光的像素,在所述第二光谱区域中感光的像素和在所述第三光谱区域中感光的像素;
其中所述标记读取终端被配置为将所述多个模拟信号转换为多个数字信号,并将包括所述多个数字信号的图像数据帧存储于存储器中;以及
其中所述标记读取终端被进一步配置为处理所述图像数据帧来尝试对可解码标记进行解码。
2.一种标记读取终端,包括:
具有二维图像传感器的图像传感器集成电路,所述二维图像传感器包括以重复图案布置的多个像素,所述重复图案中的每个图案包括在第一光谱区域中感光的至少一个像素,在第二光谱区域中感光的至少一个像素,和在第三光谱区域中感光的至少一个像素;
手持式外壳,封装所述二维图像传感器;
成像透镜,被配置为将目标可解码标记的图像聚焦到所述二维图像传感器上;
其中所述图像传感器集成电路被配置为读出多个模拟信号,所述多个模拟信号中的每个模拟信号表示入射在所述多个像素中的像素上的光;
其中所述标记读取终端被配置为将所述多个模拟信号转换为多个数字信号,并将包含所述多个数字信号的图像数据帧存储于存储器中;
其中所述标记读取终端被进一步配置为通过将表示包含两个或更多个像素的组的像素值的数字信号转换为单个数字像素值,来处理所述图像数据帧;
其中所述包含两个或更多个像素的组包括以下之一:在所述第一光谱区域中感光的像素和在所述第三光谱区域中感光的像素,在所述第二光谱区域中感光的两个像素,在所述第一光谱区域中感光的像素和在所述第二光谱区域中感光的像素,在所述第二光谱区域中感光的像素和在所述第三光谱区域中感光的像素;以及
其中所述标记读取终端被进一步配置为进一步处理所述图像数据帧来尝试对可解码标记进行解码。
3.如权利要求1或2的标记读取终端,其中所述第一光谱区域由红光谱区域提供,所述第二光谱区域由绿光谱区域提供,并且所述第三光谱区域由蓝光谱区域提供。
4.如权利要求1或2的标记读取终端,其中所述包含两个或更多个像素的组由包含四个像素的组提供,其包括在所述第一光谱区域中感光的一个像素,在所述第二光谱区域中感光的两个像素,和在所述第三光谱区域中感光的一个像素。
5.如权利要求1或2的标记读取终端,其中所述包含两个或更多个像素的组由包含N个相邻像素的组提供,其中N是正整数。
6.如权利要求1或2的标记读取终端,其中所述包含两个或更多个像素的组由包含MxN个相邻像素的组提供,其中M和N是正整数。
7.如权利要求1或2的标记读取终端,其中所述每个模拟信号等于以下之一:表示入射在所述像素组的一个或多个像素上的光的模拟信号的和,表示入射在所述像素组的一个或多个像素上的光的模拟信号的平均值。
8.如权利要求1或2的标记读取终端,其中所述每个模拟信号等于以下之
:表示入射在所述像素组的一个或多个像素上的光的模拟信号的和,所述一个或多个像素在一个光谱区域中感光,表示入射在所述像素组的一个或多个像素上的光的模拟信号的平均值,所述一个或多个像素在一个光谱区域中感光。
9.如权利要求1或2的标记读取终端,其中所述多个模拟信号包括至少两个包含NxM个像素的组;以及
其中所述至少两个包含两个或更多个像素的组重叠N*(M-1)个像素。
10.如权利要求A的标记读取终端,包括置于所述图像传感器之上的彩色图案滤光器。
11.如权利要求1或2的标记读取终端,其中所述多个模拟信号表示所述图像传感器的基本上所有的像素。
12.如权利要求1或2的标记读取终端,其中所述多个模拟信号表示所述图像传感器的像素的子集。
13.如权利要求1或2的标记读取终端,其中如果所述图像数据帧的分辨率足以解码所述目标可解码标记,则所述多个模拟信号表示所述图像传感器的基本上所有的像素;以及
如果所述图像数据帧的分辨率不足以解码所述目标可解码标记,则所述多个模拟信号表示所述图像传感器的像素的子集。
14.如权利要求1或2的标记读取终端,其中所述多个模拟信号表示以所述图像传感器的中心为中心的包含相邻像素的组。
15.如权利要求1或2的标记读取终端,其中所述包含两个或更多个像素的组由包含在一个光谱区域中感光的两个或更多个像素的组提供。
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US8910875B2 (en) | 2014-12-16 |
US20120318870A1 (en) | 2012-12-20 |
EP2538680A3 (en) | 2013-07-17 |
US8657200B2 (en) | 2014-02-25 |
CN102982300B (zh) | 2018-02-23 |
EP2538680A2 (en) | 2012-12-26 |
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