CN102983893B - Multilayer-carrier discrete multi-tone communication system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to multilayer-carrier discrete multi-tone communication system and method.Multiple accessing communication system comprises: multiple radio transmitter, for launching multiple radio-frequency carrier; Multiple radio receiver, for receiving at least one subset of multiple radio-frequency carrier; Be connected to the expander of multiple radio transmitter, adopt the first digital extended gain and the first Dynamic data exchange and modulate amplitude and the phase place of multiple radio-frequency carrier redundantly; Be connected to the Solution Expander of multiple radio receiver, adopt the first digital extended gain amplitude of multiple radio-frequency carrier described in demodulation and phase place independently, to recover the first data; And being connected to the multiple access device of radio transmitter, radio receiver, expander and Solution Expander, this multiple access device is configured to utilize at least one that space division multiple access connects SDMA agreement, frequency division multiple access connects FDMA agreement and code division multiple access connects in CDMA agreement to provide independently communication channel.

Description

Multilayer-carrier discrete multi-tone communication system and method

The divisional application of the divisional application (application number is 201010109116.0) of the divisional application (application number is 200510125082.3) that the application is application number is 98814242.2, the applying date is on August 18th, 1998, denomination of invention is the patent application of " multilayer-carrier discrete multi-tone communication technology ".

Technical field

Present invention generally relates to radio communication, relate in particular to the multiple accessing communication technology in the difficulty being attended by dynamic environment change and hostile environment.

Background technology

The communication technology grown up during the World War II in the 1940's comprises for supporting high frequency (HF) " frequency diversity communications " or " multilayer carrier communication " with business.J.Proakis proposes frequency diversity communications technology in Digital Communications, McGraw-Hill, 1989,7.4-7.7 section.The channel that Proakis is based on large high attenuation can produce error and propose diversity technique when being such as and receiving in the channel of deep fading.By the channel that declines independently of one another for receiver provides some copies likely continuous communiction of primary signal, only there is the unlikely situation declined at all interactive channels under all simultaneously.This probability can be got rid of.

Frequency diversity is the one in the middle of many diversity schemes.Nominally perform same modulation by several carrier channels separated by the coherence bandwidth of each independent channel.According to time diversity, in different time slots, send identical information.Multiple antenna can be adopted in a kind of diversity scheme.The signal sent from single transmitting antenna can be received with some reception antennas.In order to obtain optimum efficiency, reception antenna is separated enough far away, to change multi-path jamming different in the middle of a group.Nominally often need independently ten wavelength to observe independently signal fadeout.

The signal bandwidth adopted in a kind of more ripe diversity scheme can be far longer than the coherence bandwidth of channel.The bandwidth W of this signal can decompose multipath component and provide several signal paths independently declined for receiver.

The diversity scheme of other prior aries includes firing angle or space diversity and polarization diversity.

When bandwidth W is far longer than the coherence bandwidth of user's each independent channel utilizable, channel can be subdivided into further many frequency division multiplexing subchannels, the coherence bandwidth of each independent channel has at least one centre frequency be separated from each other.Subchannel so just by frequency division multiplexing sends identical signal, according to frequency diversity work.Adopt the broadband binary signal covering bandwidth W also can obtain same result.

G.K.Kaleh is at IEEE Transactions on Communications, Spet.1994. this technology is described in the one section of article " Frequency-Diversity Spread-Spectrum CommunicationSystem to Counter Band-limited Gaussian Interference, " delivered on.Describe the reliable device worked in a kind of signal environment can deliberated as enemy this section of article summaries.

J.Proakis is at " Spread Spectrum Signals for DigitalCommunication, " suprachapter 8 in describe the concept of a kind of frequency diversity spread-spectrum and multiple access.Describe a kind of diversity transmission mode combined with frequency hopping spread spectrum in detail, be used for preventing multipath fading and local band interference.

As far back as nineteen fifty-nine, just someone proposes the retrodirective array of applicable multi-antenna array, and being used for provides identical spatial gain pattern in transmission and reception period.About the discussion of this technology can see R.Monzingo, T.Miller, Introduction to Adaptive Arrays, WileyInterscience Publications, 1980; The United States Patent (USP) 2,908,002 " Electromagnetic Reflection " of the nineteen fifty-nine of L.Van Atta; And the US Patent No. 4,383,332 " High CapacityMobile RadioSystem " in B.Glance, P.Henryd1983 May 10.TDD system provides a kind of effective means for realizing retrodirective array row, can reduce the channel variation between technology and transmit path.

Summary of the invention

An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of radio communications system, for by the distinct band propagate data of disperseing of channel distortions, as needed for Direct swquence spread spectrum, between interference frequencies, in fact there is no diverged signal on a large scale.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of radio communications system communicated under strong Narrowband Jamming, such as, be common cellular signal waveform, close affected channel at the Solution Expander place of receiver.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of radio communications system with simple balanced linear channel multipath distortion.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of radio communications system, and it can be compatible with Discrete Multitone and OFDM formula Channel Technology.In order to frequency channelization and dechannelizes, can also to divide into groups multitone and OFDM formula modulating/demodulating technical compatibility with the time.

Another object of the present invention be to provide a kind of can with the radio communications system of tdd systems compatibility, multilayer carrier spread-spectrum modulation form is wherein grouping, such as, if multilayer carrier spread spectrum signal produces with Discrete Multitone and/or based on the OFDM of frequency channelization and dechannelizes.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of radio communications system with frequency division multiple access articulated multiple access ability.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of radio communications system with code division multiple access articulated multiple access ability taking multilayer carrier multiple access layout.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind ofly can modulate compatible radio communications system with high-order digit.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of radio communications system connected for flexible on-demand band data speed.

Another object of the present invention is to provide one and has the multiple access of space division multiple access articulated, the radio communications system of ELIMINATION OF ITS INTERFERENCE and channel equalization ability in the application of code zero-bit.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of radio communications system coordinating adaptive antenna array to use, the extended code adopting space to extend utilizes each space channel or antenna beam independently synthesizes gain carrys out growth data, thus the diffusion of control channel Bandwidth array.

Another object of the present invention be to provide a kind of can with the radio communications system of advanced array adaptation technique compatibility, such as without blind spot directed navigation, blind spot directional data and other technologies, which utilizes base band data, the advantage of the fundamental characteristics of channel architecture or multilayer carrier extended format.

Another object of the present invention be to provide a kind of can with the radio communications system of reverse link communication technical compatibility.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of can connection with the code division multiple access of routine, the radio communications system of data-triggered system reverse compatibility.

In brief, embodiments of the invention comprise one " multilayer carrier " spread spectrum communication system, and expansion has wherein been multiplied by the baseband signal of forms of time and space is overlapping with one group or the compounded sine carrier waveform of multilayer in a frequency domain.Actual expansion has been come by direct-drive one large-scale quick Fourier (FFT) transformation library (bins).So just obviously reducing the complexity of calculating, relaxing the requirement to exporting FFT capacity.Space between single-tone can be filled up with the Kaiser-Bessel window of β=9, not allow interference between these single-tones and adjacent single-tone generation single-tone.Particularly the β of high level can produce interference between adjacent single-tone, and the interference of being separated by between farther single-tone is very little.This basic fundamental can in conjunction with time division duplex, and code division multiple access connects, and space division multiple access connects, and frequency division multiple access connects, adaptive antenna array and interference cancellation techniques.

According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of multiple accessing communication system, comprising: multiple radio transmitter, for launching multiple radio-frequency carrier; Multiple radio receiver, for receiving at least one subset of multiple radio-frequency carrier; Be connected to the expander of multiple radio transmitter, adopt the first digital extended gain and the first Dynamic data exchange and modulate amplitude and the phase place of multiple radio-frequency carrier redundantly; Be connected to the Solution Expander of multiple radio receiver, adopt the first digital extended gain amplitude of the multiple radio-frequency carrier of demodulation and phase place independently, to recover the first data; And being connected to the multiple access device of radio transmitter, radio receiver, expander and Solution Expander, this multiple access device is configured to utilize at least one that space division multiple access connects SDMA agreement, frequency division multiple access connects FDMA agreement and code division multiple access connects in CDMA agreement to provide independently communication channel.

According to the another aspect of this aspect, provide a kind of method in multiple accessing communication system, the method comprise by perform following operation to recover with multiple multilayer carrier signal separately distinctive expansion gain extension and be modulated to multiple multilayer carrier signal each on digital communication signal: (1) is by the multilayer carrier signal channellization of each reception, to identify baseband signal, the multilayer carrier signal wherein received each there is the channel width that can be separated with the channel width of other multilayer carrier signal in the multilayer carrier signal of multiple reception; (2) by the de-spread weighting that application is different from the expansion gain of the baseband signal being applied to each reception, de-spread is performed to the multilayer carrier signal of multiple reception; (3) baseband signal of reception is combined and obtained and interference compensated and makes the maximized baseband signal of signal to noise ratio; And (4) eliminate the time distortion or frequency distortion that appear in baseband signal, to recover digital communication signal.

An advantage of the invention is and provide a kind of radio communication method, growth data on the widely-dispersed frequency band for spectral diversity.So just can provide a kind of effective means can drawing frequency diversity benefits, particularly in the widely-dispersed application of frequency band.

An advantage of the invention is and provide a kind of radio communication method, even also can communicate under the interference of strong arrowband.So just can connect (FDMA) occurring strong narrowband FDMA and resemble honeycomb cover apply in Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) cellular radio signal time maintain a kind of multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) link.Communication link can also be maintained when occurring due to the harmonic wave from out of band signal forging interference.

An advantage of the invention is and provide a kind of radio communication method, it can direct balanced linear channel distortions, and stable state or the distortion of quasi-stable state linear channel can be made close to the multiplication effect of launching in extended code.Further channel equalization operations can also being dissolved in de-spread or extended operation, not needing extra filtering operation except eliminating in grouping except Doppler expansion.Its general principle is combined with base band, pre-expansion, and the bandwidth of telegraph signal carrys out balanced multipath transmisstion.If the smaller bandwidth of telegraph signal, this multipath equalization operation can be very simple.If the bandwidth of pre-expansion telegraph signal is enough narrow, the correlation bandwidth of such as pre-expansion telegraph signal or inverse bandwidth are the large products that the maximum multipath in transmission channel postpones, and this equalization operation just can reduce to the comprehensive multiply operation automatically can dissolving in adaptive de extended operation.With the difference of conventional cdma system, it is that the latter needs extra equalization operation, unless the relative widths of spread signal is the large product that the maximum multipath in transmission channel postpones.

Another advantage of the present invention there is provided a kind of radio communication method, and it can compatible discrete multiple audio and OFDM formula channel multiplex technique.So just accurately can simulate stable state and linear channel distortion by the multiplicative effect of launching in extended code.

An advantage of the invention is provide a kind of can the radio communication method of compatible tdd systems.Such as, if multilayer carrier spread spectrum signal Discrete Multitone and/or OFDM formula channel multiplexer and reverse channel multiplexer produce, time division duplex communication form just can be adopted to be organized into groups by multilayer carrier spread-spectrum modulation form." this locality " assessment can be carried out to transmitting channel in any one end of communication link, enormously simplify channel preemphasis, launch the enforcement of channel equalization topological logic and reverse transfer technology.

An advantage of the invention is and provide a kind of radio communication method with code division multiple access articulated multiple access function, such as, is multilayer carrier multiple access technique.Point-p-multi-point link adopts linear inside relevant (the orthogonal or nonopiate) collection of expansion gain to transmit in the same subsets of channel, to be separated these signals by Solution Expander.Because extended code can be non-orthogonal, when combining the use of idle bit technology, principal advantage of the present invention to use non-orthogonal spreading codes.

An advantage of the invention is provide one can the radio communication method of compatible " bandwidth on-demand " Flexible Data Rate technology.By multiple time, frequency, or multilayer carrier channel sends initial data to unique user, and the data rate on given link slightly can increase, subtract.If improve data rate with multiple multilayer carrier channel, just data rate can be regulated without increase in bandwidth.

An advantage of the invention is provide a kind of can the radio communication method of compatible advanced digital modulation.It can compatible arbitrary M _arydigital baseband modulation format, and can by transmitting more position/symbol on each channel and improving capacity.Re-using rate and " load balance " can also be improved in polynary communication network by the figure place changing each symbol in each initial data.

An advantage of the invention is that providing one has space division multiple access connection, the radio communication method of interference elimination and channel equalization ability is such as idle bit technology.This space division multiple access articulated idle bit technology is desirable or close to the elimination of desirable linear disturbance and signal extraction technology, and this is for being useful according to the signal of frequency diversity or spectral diversity separate multiple layer carrier extend spectrum signal on Solution Expander.So just can eliminate the interference of the intra-cell of multilayer carrier spread spectrum signal, and can eliminate the interference of cell outside, such as, be improve re-using ability.So just can be more efficiently used in the idle bit generally adopted in various extended format.Particularly can for providing a kind of improvement of two times of capacity for the idle bit technology of symbol-modulated Direct swquence spread spectrum form, expansion gain wherein repeats once on the basis of each text symbol.

An advantage of the invention is and provide a kind of radio communication method that adaptive antenna array can be coordinated to use.

An advantage of the invention is provide a kind of can the radio communication method of compatible preposition array adaptive technique, be used for according to space diversity, spectral diversity, the combination of polarization diversity and space/frequency spectrum/polarization diversity carrys out separation signal.

An advantage of the invention is provide a kind of can the radio communication method of compatible reverse link communication technology.Reverse link communication technology directly can be expanded to the multilayer carrier spread spectrum system comprising single antenna or aerial array.And the most complicated operation can be concentrated on a little-p-multi-point link in base station on, greatly reduce the cost of whole system.

A further advantage of the invention is to provide and a kind ofly the code division multiple access of back compatible routine can connect the radio communication method of data activation technology.

Those skilled in the art just can understand above-mentioned and other object of the present invention and advantage to after the illustrating of most preferred embodiment fully having read with reference to accompanying drawing.

Accompanying drawing explanation

In the accompanying drawings

Fig. 1 is the block diagram of a kind of communication system of the embodiment of the present invention, has several remote mobile units to be distributed in the space of one or more central base station in figure;

Fig. 2 A represents the block diagram of one embodiment of the invention, have a multilayer carrier spread spectrum transmitter group to be connected to as point-to a transmitter on an aerial array in figure, another aerial array is connected to a multilayer carrier frequency spectrum receiver group 5 for point-to-point receiver;

Fig. 2 B represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, having a multilayer carrier multiple access to launch unit in figure is connected to as network transmitter on an aerial array, and the multilayer carrier multiple access that another aerial array is connected to for network receiver receives unit;

Fig. 3 A represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, have a multilayer carrier spread spectrum transmitter to be connected to as point-to a transmitter on a time division duplex device in figure, another time division duplex device is connected to the multilayer carrier frequency spectrum receiver for point-to-point receiver;

Fig. 3 B represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, have a multilayer carrier multiple access transmitter to be connected to as network transmitter on a time division duplex device in figure, another time division duplex device is connected to the multilayer carrier multiple access receiver for network receiver;

Fig. 4 A represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, have a multilayer carrier spread spectrum transmitter to be connected to as point-to a transmitter on an idle bit device (code nuller) in figure, another idle bit device is connected to the multilayer carrier frequency spectrum receiver for point-to-point receiver;

Fig. 4 B represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, have a multilayer carrier multiple access transmitter to be connected to as network transmitter on an idle bit device in figure, another idle bit device is connected to the multilayer carrier multiple access receiver for network receiver;

Fig. 5 A represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, have a multilayer carrier spread spectrum transmitter to be connected to as point-to a transmitter in a widely-dispersed channel multiplexer (frequency channelizer) in figure, another widely-dispersed channel multiplexer is connected to the multilayer carrier frequency spectrum receiver for point-to-point receiver;

Fig. 5 B represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, have a multilayer carrier multiple access transmitter to be connected to as network transmitter in a widely-dispersed channel multiplexer in figure, another widely-dispersed channel multiplexer is connected to the multilayer carrier multiple access receiver for network receiver;

Fig. 6 A represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, have a multilayer carrier spread spectrum transmitter group to be connected to a synchronous time-division duplex device group in figure, the latter is connected to an aerial array and a multilayer carrier frequency spectrum receiver group by an anti-adapter again under the control of the multilayer carrier spread spectrum transmitter group for point-to-point transceiver system;

Fig. 6 B represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, have a multilayer carrier multiple access to launch unit in figure and be connected to a synchronous time-division duplex device group, the latter under the control of unit is launched in the multilayer carrier multiple access for network system, is connected to an aerial array by an anti-adapter again and a multilayer carrier multiple access receives unit;

Fig. 7 A is that one is similar to Fig. 2 A, the functional block diagram of that multilayer carrier spread spectrum transmitter included in 3A, 4A, 5A and 6A;

Fig. 7 B is that one is similar to Fig. 2 A, the functional block diagram of that multilayer carrier frequency spectrum receiver included in 3A, 4A, 5A and 6A;

Fig. 8 is a block diagram of the base station that system shown in Figure 1 comprises, and illustrates so a kind of possibility, and aerial array spatially can differentiate the member in communication system.Each represented functional emission machine and receiver transmission line comprise many channels, can support basic multilayer carrier spread spectrum communication medium;

Fig. 9 is the typical remote unit block diagram that system shown in Figure 1 comprises, and illustrates the adaptive channel equalizer and preemphasis function that can support basic multilayer carrier spread spectrum communication medium;

Figure 10 is the block diagram of a polynary T/R module, and it comprises multiple independently T/R modules separately with an antenna.Can increase, subtract the composition scale of system along with antenna amount.Before number-mode convertion (DAC) operation after spatial manipulation occurs in analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) process in receiving course and in process of transmitting.All spaces and spread spectrum operation are all perform the data of numeral.All critical frequencies in system and reference clock are all such as that gps clock obtains from a common clock.Illustrate a kind of mechanism of modular calibration in the drawings, it is in TDD system being accurately oppositely necessary.

Figure 11 is a kind of block diagram of multilayer carrier spread spectrum modulator, being copied base band data by the middle of a Kspread that independently scaler is multiplexing independent expanding element, being supplied to a kind of adaptive multiplexer being combined into a complex data vector by scaler;

Figure 12 is the block diagram of the multilayer carrier spread-spectrum Solution Expander of a digital complete adaptive mode.This Solution Expander comprises several channels, is used for processing each single-tone in multilayer carrier spread-spectrum carrier media;

Figure 13 illustrates a routine BPSK multitone, and its data length is 6, and spreading coefficient Kspread is 4, and the interval between each group is 2.Each group unit g1-g4 is represented as having independently amplitude, can be controlled, to anti-interference and other problem by channel equalization and preemphasis;

Figure 14 represents " SCORE " processor for recovering from signal x (t) of an antenna array receiver.The control of this processor comprises control filter h (t), and frequency shift value α and conjugation control (*);

Figure 15 is a data flowchart, represents a kind of code gating SCORE de-spread operating process of gating in the middle of two subset of cells;

Figure 16 is a data flowchart, represents a kind of code gating SCORE extended operation flow process of gating in the middle of two subset of cells, and it and Figure 15 are symmetrical;

Figure 17 is a kind of T/F form of the tdd communication systems for the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 18 is a kind of effective single-tone form of basic DMT modulator-demodulator;

Figure 19 is used to the data flowchart that emittor/receiver calibration steps is described;

Figure 20 is the schematic diagram of a kind of integrated single antenna T/R and Discrete Multitone (DMT) modulator-demodulator, can be used to a kind of DMT formula multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) system realizing the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 21 broadly illustrates a kind of single line code gating intersection-SCORE expander of the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 22 is a data flowchart, is used for representing the single line code gating intersection-SCORE de-spread operation with Kspread subset of cells;

Figure 23 is a data flowchart, is used for representing a kind of single line cross-SCORE algorithm with Nframe grouping/adapter frame;

Figure 24 is a data flowchart, is used for representing a kind of single adapter frame auto-correlation statistical calculation;

Figure 25 is a data flowchart, is used for representing the one intersection-SCORE eigenfunction with Kspread subset of cells;

Figure 26 is a data flowchart, is used for representing a kind of code key generator with Kpart<Kspread subset of cells;

Figure 27 is a data flowchart, is used for representing the code key generator of a kind of equivalence with Kpart<Kspread subset of cells;

Figure 28 is a data flowchart, is used for representing the one intersection-SCORE eigenfunction with Kpart subset;

Figure 29 is a data flowchart, is used for representing the one intersection-SCORE eigenfunction with two subset of cells;

Figure 30 is a data flowchart, is used for representing the multi-thread code gating intersection of the one of the embodiment of the present invention-SCORE expander;

Figure 31 is a data flowchart, is used for representing a kind of single line code gating-SCORE extended operation automatically adopting frequency electing and passing and two subset of cells in one embodiment of the invention;

Figure 32 is a data flowchart, is used for representing a kind of single line code gating-SCORE de-spread operation automatically adopting frequency electing and passing and two subset of cells;

Figure 33 is a data flowchart, is used for representing the one-SCORE eigenfunction automatically adopting frequency electing and passing and two subset of cells;

Figure 34 is a data flowchart, is used for representing a kind of single line code gating-SCORE expansion automatically adopting time gated and half rate redundancy gating;

Figure 35 is a data flowchart, is used for representing a kind of single line code gating-SCORE de-spread automatically adopting time gated and half rate redundancy gating.

Embodiment

Represent a kind of communication system of the embodiment of the present invention in Fig. 1 with total label 10, system 10 comprises the base station 11 that has multiple far-end unit 12-17 transmitting and receiving services.As shown in Figure 1, the position of the far-end unit 12-17 around base station 11 represents the various diverse locations in three dimensions, can also suppose that all or one or more far-end is on each time point.There is a multiple element antenna 18 base station 11.Each far-end 12-17 has the antenna 19-24 of the correspondence of, and wherein some is also multiple element antenna for this, and such as 21,23 and 24.The various forms that antenna 18-24 represents has the single one physical antenna being connected to a transceiver, the transmission of isolation and reception antenna, and the aerial array representing signal sensitivity between difference empty separately.In addition, some or all antenna 18-24 can adopt polarization diversity.That is, some antenna 18-24 can be positive direction finding polarization (such as antenna 20), and some can be then negative direction finding polarization (such as antenna 22)." positive/negative " polarization direction finding can take " horizontal/vertical " linear polarization, " clockwise/counterclockwise " Circular Polarisation, " tilting 45/135 " polarization etc.Actual noise is invasive system 10 from all quarter, and interference source is determined by the signal from specific direction often.Multipath signal between base station 11 and far-end unit 12-17 represents a kind of interference that may cause channel fading and other problem.

System 10 can also comprise the multiple spot-p-multiple spot and point-to-point network topology logic that are embodied by the second base station 25 being equipped with multiple element antenna 26.Multiple spot-p-multidrop network is the one upgrading of system shown in Figure 1, can need to use in the cellular system controlled at adjacent interface of calls.Each base station in network or remote transceiver can have antenna element and the spreading coefficient of any varying number, such as, can expand to the frequency cells of varying number.Sterically defined interference may from the unit of other multilayer carrier network and network internal and from other interference source, such as, be the FDMA signal of jamming station or capped network.Actual noise may balance or invasive system lopsidedly from all quarter, here " balance " be meant to isotropic noise.

The radio communication general principle of system 10 is " multilayer carrier spread-spectrum " (SCSS) as herein described, is mutually sent discrete multiple single-tones (DMT) of inherently frequency diversity by base station 11 and each far-end unit 12-17 simultaneously.From on each group Discrete Multitone Transmission signal of a unit 11-17, spread-spectrum modulation is being carried out to a base band data symbol.The receiver of specifying even can realize accurate date restoring by deep fading or the separate channel carrier information be subject on the discrete single-tone of strong interference.

The present invention can also be embodied in various manners further, such as, various combination embodiments shown in Fig. 2 A-6B.Each key element adopted in Fig. 2 A-6B can describe with further reference to Fig. 7-16.Antenna in each array can take arbitrary locus, and this array just can work effectively without the need for special antenna geometry.In addition, this antenna is polarizing and spatially can move.

Fig. 2 A represents and launches by the multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) be connected on a multi-antenna array (AA) 34 the point-to-point transmitter 30 that unit 32 forms.Point-to-point receiver 36 comprises and is connected to multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) and receives a multi-antenna array (AA) 38 on unit 40.Each aerial array comprises the multiple antennas of spatially isolating for transmitting and receive data.At Fig. 2 A or Fig. 2 B adopting multilayer carrier expansion and de-spread, in 6A or 6B, do not add the adaptive antenna array process being such as adaptive line combination and/or being transmitted by multiple antenna be spatially separated.This array self-adaptive processing has been included into multilayer carrier expansion and has conciliate extended operation.

Fig. 2 B represents and launches by the multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) be connected on a multi-antenna array (AA) 46 network transmitter 42 that unit 44 forms.Network reception unit 48 comprises and is connected to multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) and receives a multi-antenna array (AA) 50 on unit 52.

Fig. 3 A represents the point-to-point transmitter 54 be made up of multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) transmitter 56 be connected on a time division duplex device (TDD) 58.Point-to-point receiver 60 comprises the time division duplex device 62 be connected on multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) receiver 64.

The network transmitter 66 that Fig. 3 B represents comprises multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) transmitter 68 be connected on time division duplex device (TDD) 70.Network receiver 72 comprises the time division duplex device 74 be connected on multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) receiver 76.

Fig. 4 A represents the point-to-point transmitter 78 be made up of multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) transmitter 80 be connected on an idle bit device 82.Point-to-point receiver 84 comprises the idle bit device 86 be connected on multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) receiver 88.

Fig. 4 B represents the network transmitter 90 be made up of multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) transmitter 92 be connected on an idle bit device 94.Network receiver 96 comprises the idle bit device 98 be connected on multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) receiver 100.

Fig. 5 A represents a point-to-point transmitter 102, and it comprises multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) transmitter 104 be connected in a widely-dispersed channel multiplexer 106.Point-to-point receiver 108 comprises the widely-dispersed channel multiplexer 110 be connected on multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) receiver 112.

Fig. 5 B represents a network transmitter 114, and it comprises multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) transmitter 116 be connected in a widely-dispersed channel multiplexer 118.Network receiver 120 comprises the widely-dispersed channel multiplexer 122 be connected on multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) receiver 124.

Fig. 6 A represents a kind of point-to-point transceiver system 126, multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) is wherein launched unit 128 and is connected to a synchronous time-division duplex device (TDD) and organizes 130, and the latter under multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) launches the control of unit 128, is connected to a multi-antenna array (AA) 132 by an anti-adapter 136 again and a multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) receives unit 134.

Fig. 6 B represents a kind of network system 138, it comprises multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) transmitter 140 be connected on synchronous time-division duplex device (TDD) 142, and time division duplex device under the control of unit 140 is launched in multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA), is connected to a multi-antenna array (AA) 144 by an anti-adapter 148 again and a multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) receives unit 146.

Fig. 7 A represents that one is similar to Fig. 2 A, that multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) transmitter 150 included in 3A, 4A, 5A and 6A.SCSS transmitter 150 comprises a D-A converter (DAC) 152, is used for the analog signal converted to by input digital data for transmitting.Analog information for transmitting directly can not be inputted by DAC152.The modulation each time that correspond to the radio-frequency carrier in up-conversion process comprise two or more channels (such as 1 ..., k).Such as, each up conversion channel comprises homophase (I) frequency mixer 154 and is connected to orthogonal (Q) frequency mixer 156 for 90 ° of phase shifters 158 and local oscillator (LO) 160.The amplitude of the AM carrier radio frequency of same-phase and quadrature phase so just can be controlled with modulation intelligence.A pair gain-controlled amplifier 162 and 164 can regulate the amplitude of each same-phase and quadrature phase independently before being recombinated by adder 166.The out of band signal of adjacent channel may be disturbed with the stripping of a band pass filter (BPF) 168.Combine the signal from all channels by a method of summated ratings device 170, and produce transmitter output, be then supplied to an antenna.Expansion gain generator 172 periodically sends parallel output, is used for all gain-controlled amplifiers 162 and 164 of each channel in control one group.Each control signal being supplied to each gain-controlled amplifier 162 and 164 comprises the number of signals wordline controlled for ON/OFF, the parallel digital control line of multidigit for discrete grey chromaticity settings, or an analogue enlargement line for continuously changing gain setting.

Being adopt digital trans multiplexer (" transmux ") design to the apparent change of one of the analog circuit for transmitter 150 and receiver 180 shown in Fig. 7 A and 7B, such as, is adopt discrete Digital Logic or digital signal processor.

It is Discrete Multitone (DMT) method of OFDM of the present invention (OFDM) to the best alter mode of one that is direct or trans multiplexer expansion reconciliation expansion scheme such as shown in Fig. 7 A and 7B.

See Fig. 7 A, when transmitter 150 works, some expansion gain that expansion gain generator 172 produces exports and receives than the easier appointed receiver of the output obtained with different expansion gains.Intervention radio communication environment between transmitter and receiver wants the decay of other phase place of comparison and frequency or interference greatly usually to the decay of some phase place and frequency or interference.Comprise common-channel interference in radio communication environment, between net and net in addition interference, and more easily exceed extended code and be difficult on the receiver eliminate artificial disturbance/covering signal.Channel distortions in expansion gain output capable compensation intervention radio communication environment and the impact of common-channel interference.The best expansion gain that should produce in any one moment exports the sequence can imitated according to time or space and determines, or regulates according to the result obtained certain measurement of the communication qualities such as such as backchannel data.This extended code can compensate common-channel interference source and channel distortions.

Fig. 7 B represents that one is similar to Fig. 2 A, that multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) receiver 180 included in 3A, 4A, 5A and 6A, and can be complementary with the transmitter 150 shown in Fig. 7 A.SCSS receiver 180 separator 181 of several independent channels of driven in parallel receives analog signal.A typical channel comprises band pass filter 182, separator 183, common mode gain control amplifier 184, quadrature phase gain-controlled amplifier 185, a pair phase detectors 186 and 187 driven by phase shifter 188 and local oscillator 189, and the analog-digital converter (ADC) 190 being used for all receiver channels to be reassembled into digital signal.Each down conversion channel comprises homophase (I) frequency mixer 186 and is connected to orthogonal (Q) frequency mixer 187 of 90 ° of phase shifters 188 and local oscillator (LO) 189.Connect a de-spread weight generator 191 again, to be used for controlling in each channel independently homophase and quadrature amplifier 184 and 185.

Fig. 8 represents a base station 230.In the preferred embodiment, for " idle bit (code nulling) ", de-spread weighting is adopted to increase signal-interference ratio and SNR to greatest extent; And introduce directivity and negative side tropism in the preferred embodiment according to from the expansion gain adapting to local expansion weighting derivation.Base station 230 is similar to the base station 11 of Fig. 1, it comprises the aerial array 232 adopting beam forming and far-end unit to carry out beam wireless, transmitting/receiving (T/R) front end 234, one group of channel 236, data element converter 238, weight adaptation algorithm generator 240, multiple antennas multi-line Solution Expander 242, postpone and Doppler estimation device 243, postpone and Doppler sets of equalizers 244, with a symbol decoder group 246, such as, it is a kind of Trellis decoder exporting the base band data channel that several recover.Can not have in aerial array 232, some, or be all polarization diversity (such as antenna 233).

Some exports base band data channel and is connected to a symbol encoder group 248, such as, be Trellis encoder.From then on the transmission line started comprises delay and Doppler pre-add restructuring 250, multiple antennas multi-line expander 252, antenna and frequency channel transformer 254, be connected to the transmit/receive compensation group 255 of transmit/receive compensation algorithm generator 256, and be connected to a reverse channel multiplexer group 257 of T/R front end 234.A transmitting/receiving grouping trigger 258 receives gps time transinformation and independently transmits and receives the alternation sum duration of time in control T/R front end 234.The aerial array of this base station can also only have an antenna element.In one preferred embodiment, base station adopts the time division duplex DMT of grouping or OFDM modulation device and demodulator to perform the work of reverse channel multiplexer and channel multiplexer.

About " the An Overview of Trellis CodedModulation Research in COST231 " that use the code modulated more information of Trellis can deliver on IEEEPIMRC'94, pp.105-109 see people such as Boulle.

The far-end unit 260 of an embodiment is represented in Fig. 9.Far-end unit 260 is similar to the far-end unit 12-17 of Fig. 1, it comprises the aerial array 262 adopting the space of combination and spectral diversity and base station to carry out radio communication, transmitting/receiving (T/R) front end 264, one group of channel 266, data element converter 268, weight adaptation algorithm generator 270, multiple antennas Solution Expander 272, postpone and Doppler estimation device 273, postpone and Doppler sets of equalizers 274, with a symbol decoder 276, such as, it is a kind of data decoder of the base band data channel that output one recovers.Can not have in aerial array 262, some, or be all polarization diversity (such as antenna 263).

Exporting base band data channel and be connected to a symbol encoder 278, such as, is a data encoder.From then on the transmission line started comprises delay and Doppler pre-emphasis unit 280, multiple antennas expander 282, antenna and frequency channel transformer 284, be connected to the transmit/receive compensation group 285 of transmit/receive compensation algorithm generator 286, and be connected to a reverse channel multiplexer group 287 of T/R front end 264.A transmitting/receiving grouping trigger 288 receives gps time transinformation and independently transmits and receives the alternation sum duration of time in control T/R front end 264.

The aerial array of this base station can only have an antenna element.The antenna amount of each far-end unit can be different.The expense of far-end unit so just can be changed according to the importance of a concrete unit or data rate.Far-end unit can adopt different spreading rates.Subsets different in the channel that they can use at base station transceiver is expanded the data of oneself.In one preferred embodiment, far-end unit adopts the time division duplex DMT of grouping or OFDM modulation device and demodulator to perform the work of reverse channel multiplexer and channel multiplexer.Difference between base station and far-end unit is that base station is receiving and transmitting signal from multiple node, namely multiple access.Each far-end unit is only the data flow that transmitting-receiving needs oneself.Channel equalization technique and idle bit are all limited methods for adaptation expansion and de-spread weighting.

Figure 10 represents a kind of multi-antenna transmission/receiver module 290.Module 290 comprises a multi-antenna array 291, and each cell is connected to a corresponding single channel T/R module 292, such as, be four.Each T/R module 292 is connected to a grouping trigger 293, receiver calibration generator 294, local oscillator 295 and a system clock 296.They are all driven by gps clock and Doppler correction signal.Each T/R module 292 comprises a T/R switch 297, intermediate frequency (IF) downconverter 298, analog-digital converter (ADC) 299, D-A converter (DAC) 300, IF up converter 301 and a power amplifier (PA) 302.Weighted information is received at receiving course learning, and for setting the regarding emission power being supplied to each antenna element in emission process, with compensate for channel decline or interference.It should be noted that the polarization of transmit/receive module must be all independent drive if base station adopts polarization diversity.

Reception and transmission time slot are at specific time triggered, and the accurate generalized time separate source that the global positioning system (GPS) that can use according to United StatesDepartment of Defense provide is determined according to pseudo-random fashion.This gps time is obtained by the navigation system that resides on the circuit board of communications platform, allows the receiver side of each T/R module 292 know time slot corresponding to a grouping.Gps time is also used for the local oscillator that uses in acquisition system and ACD/DAC clock.Receiver side does not need synchronous with far-end emission source.Particularly receiver system did not need to know the scope of propagation delay between communicator and Doppler frequency displacement before reception first packet.But, the scope known in certain precision between communicator may be needed in some applications, speed, postpone and Doppler frequency displacement.The scope known between communicator was not needed, the scope of propagation delay and Doppler frequency displacement before reception first packet.

Calibration mode is only choice for use as required.Be such as the beginning once transmitted, or perform when built in diagnostics indicates and needs calibration.

In fig. 12, mirror image simulation coding as shown in figure 11, expansion and modulation operations perform demodulation, de-spread and decode operation.Data flow in Figure 11 can reflect the data flow in Figure 12, and the data flow of Figure 11 and 12 is identical, and being added in mutually in another figure in a figure has just changed output into.This symmetry such as has DMT modulator and demodulator, frequency translation and inverse transformation operation, and extended operation is conciliate in expansion, and extended operation is conciliate in the expansion of coding gating.The structure of the structure mirror image Solution Expander of expander.The CDMA transceiver of prior art does not have such symmetry.Symmetry is a key character in an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 11 represents a kind of Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) modulator multiplexing for channel in embodiment 300.The frame coming auto-navigation and coded system 302 generates instruction makes a signal modulator 304 by astronomical ephemeris, and position, speed, acceleration and out of Memory are encoded into a kind of Kcell symbol data vector.Then with these symbol-modulated one group of base band single-tone or quick Fourier transformation (FFT) bins.Be K in expander 306 _spreadindividual independent expanding element copies this K _cellbase band single-tone, is multiplied by one and independently expands gain for antenna " 1 " and frequency cells " h " synthesis, such as, complex constant is multiplied by a 50-50 basis each symbol in cell, and is supplied to the K that cell combination is become generated data by a time multiplexer _active-long vector, K wherein _active>=K _cell* K _spread.This generated data vector is supplied to a zero attenuation reverse-FFT operator 308 and data vector is directly changed into KFFT>=(1+SF) * K _active-IF time sampling in real time, " SF " wherein represents " shape factor " or ratio in this system from stopband to passband.Then by the E of first in this time series _roll* KFFT sampling copies 310 one-tenth K _packet=(1+E _roll) * KFFT-long data sequence.The K of multiplier 312 from a Kaiser-Bessel window 314 _packet-long data is multiplied by this sequence, produces final sampled signal.Then sampled signal is supplied to D-A converter and produces a T _packet* K _packet/ fs-long data burst is supplied to upconverter and communication channel, and fs is wherein the compound sampling speed of DPC/DNC module.Be used for reducing transmit all parameters of feature all consistent with gps time, the node in communication network is launched simultaneously.Each antenna in system repeats this process.

The symbol according to base band single-tone coding is comprised at baseline system 300.Each K _cellan independent single-tone in data bit modulation signal baseband, if the data bit being used for modulating single-tone equals 0 or 1, just carries out phase-modulation with 0 or 180 ° to single-tone respectively.This monotone is very effective under admissible transmitting power.It can make up the fragility of radio radiation detection technique, can with the low Eb/N0 the reaching 3dB reliably bit sequence launched of demodulation.In the conjugation of single-tone phase sequence on relevant basis, BPSK form can adopt effective and perfect method to eliminate from de-spread data regularly and carrier shift.

This computing is for single antenna, and each the frequency cells k such as adopted transceiver and antenna 1 use different synthesis expansion gain g _k1.This path counting-mode convertion operation before use packet expansion coefficient e _rollwith packet samples length K _packet=(1+e _roll) KFFT sampling (DAC operation after T _packet=(1+e _roll) the TFFT duration).Can according to expansion weighting w _k1according to code book, at random, the mode such as pseudorandom or self adaptation determines expansion gain g by par _k1.

The information digit of each data symbol is Kbit.BPSK is a kind of simple coding strategy, and coding is wherein left in the basket, and Kbit=1.Platform astronomical ephemeris, position, speed, and acceleration information is some examples of the data that can send in some applications.Those application that BPSK is not system subject matter for data rate are best modulation systems.

Include delay and the operation of Doppler preemphasis in other embodiments selectively.This mode is taked to eliminate the delay of signal and the impact of Doppler frequency displacement of launching from DMT modulator on the receiver of specifying after initial marshalling.This operation can simplify the design of transceiver in a network, delay and Doppler is eliminated in operation set completing in a base station.

Along with the generation of the expansion concept to multiple access transceiver, in multi-user's transceiver, can independently expand gain (gk1 (m)) with one group and expand the data symbol being supplied to user m.

Figure 12 represents a kind of digital complete adaptive de-spread and beamforming receivers 320." Application of Adaptive Antenna Technology toThird Generation Mixed Cell Radio Architectures " that the background of this technology can be delivered see people such as Tsoulos in March, 1994 on IEEE#1-7803-1927, pp.615-619.Frame reception instruction from a receiver navigation and coded system 322 makes demodulator of PM signal PM 324 from K _arraya string T collected by individual array antenna 326 _gate-long frame emission and perform analog-to-digital conversion, T _gatek _gatethe duration that individual sampling takies.This is comprising a T _guard-long time slot, with solving propagation delay (T unknown between transmitting and receiving link _gate=T _packet+ T _guard), T wherein _packetthe time span of grouping, T _guardk _guardthe time interval that individual sampling takies.A K is exported from each ADC _gate-long digital data frames, is then supplied to a window type zero and declines sparse FFT328, with each single-tone separated by the integer in FFT storehouse by packet switched to frequency domain.

FFT storehouse is provided to a demultiplexer 330, eliminates useless FFT storehouse, and remaining storehouse is organized into K from the data group received _cell× (K _spread* K _array) data matrix, this wherein comprises the single-tone received from the expanding element of each transmitting, K wherein _spreadthat frequency expansion is sparse, K _cellthe symbolic number of each pre-expansion data cell, and K _arrayit is the number of antenna.Each growth data unit eliminates by one group of linear synthesizer 332 common-channel interference covering unit, and to the original base band symbol single-tone de-spread from the data group received.Utilize code gating to carry out the weighting of adaptive synthesizer from relevant restoration methods, simultaneously to the data-signal de-spread received, and execution receives according to the multiple antennas of frequency and the space filtering of useful spread signal.

Synthesizer weighting is used to construct the transmitting weighting that a group can be used for follow-up reverse transfer.Then this single-tone is supplied to one to postpone and Doppler frequency displacement (non-integer FFT storehouse-frequency displacement) and linear propagation delay (phase place is advanced) from receiving data groups are assessed and eliminated to Doppler balanced unit 334.The information symbol of transmitting is assessed by a symbol demodulator 336.

Then, the packet of being launched by each user received is despread exhibition, and extracts from the interference environment received.Until according to high signal-interference ratio and SNR to after baseband signal de-spread, even when having intense noise and common-channel interference, processor does not need to have accurate timing/carrier synchronization with transmitter,

The K launched by user m is extracted on the receiver from channel _cellsymbol, with identical synthesis expansion weighting w _k1(m) K for frequency cells k and antenna 1 receive _cellthen these unit are added together by individual single-tone weighting one by one one by one single-tone, allow the single-tone q in each frequency cells of receiving become all K used in system _spread* K _arraythe summation of individual frequency cells and antenna.

The blended space of the best minimum number of each polynary transceiver and frequency spectrum degree of freedom K _array* K _spread, to make the non-laminated carrier-in-interference source of each frequency cells of intrusion inoperative.The remaining degree of freedom is used to improve the SINR of de-spread baseband signal or is used for being separated stacked multilayer carrier signal.Then the weighting of regulon Solution Expander, makes the power of de-spread baseband signal reach maximum.Material is thus formed a kind of idle bit solution, stronger than conventional de-spread method significantly.Desirable Solution Expander regulates de-spread weighting, makes non-laminated carrier-in-interference source drop to noise level in each frequency cells and inoperative, improves the SINR of despread signal simultaneously.Polynary Solution Expander can also weaken zero-bit significantly, resists the interference source of weak radio signal in given frequency cells.Can be aligned in given frequency cells with the interference source that weak power receives with soft idle bit.Such as, if interference source frequency spectrum has faint value in some characteristic frequency, the outer of interference source passband just can be aimed at more weak idle bit.

In general, the de-spread weighting comprising adaptive antenna array obviously can improve Signal transmissions and receive quality and the capacity of operation.For the receiver side of system, can adopt and to grope or non-calibrated method to be aimed in useful signal close to desirable wave beam, aim at interference signal with idle bit simultaneously.

In general be regulate de-spread weighting like this, make de-spread baseband signal be such as that the signal-interference ratio of data symbol of estimation and signal to noise ratio (SINR) are maximum.One group of idle bit de-spread weighting produced like this from be originally used for the expansion gain of expansion base band signal at the other end of link and have significantly different.The de-spread weighting particularly produced like this can eliminate channel distortions, the selection gain that such as Multipath Transmission causes and decline simultaneously.De-spread can to need maximum signal to noise ratio (SNR) to realize the compromise of a kind of the best between both needing peak signal-interference ratio to the interference eliminated transceiver and receive and Solution Expander.In the DSSS and cdma system of routine, despreading show code is configured to the extended code equaling the other one end of link, and only makes the SNR of de-spread baseband signal maximum.

This operation is carried out in an embodiment of the present invention gropingly, Solution Expander is not known launch expansion gain and channel distortions.The agreement that such energy simplified network inside uses, allows transceiver in a network uses unknown expansion gain.The expansion gain also allowing employing adaptability to determine alleviates the noise that transceiver runs in transmitting procedure with continuing to optimize, interference and channel distortions.

This scheme can improve polynary SCMA or the SCSS transceiver adopting aerial array, do not need expansion, de-spread, or gain/Weighted adaptive algorithm carries out any substantial amendment.Difference is that the dimension of extended operation is conciliate in the polynary expansion of polynary transceiver.But because the degree of freedom is larger, polynary transceiver has larger capacity and can be used for being separated SCSS signal.Can improve by the scope of radiation measurement checkout gear interception and/or vulnerability to jamming, because it can control spatial beams by other transmitters in network.Owing to having possessed the ability from spatially making interference signal invalid, even if interference is from frequency range widely, also can improve to the vulnerability to jamming of the interference from non-SCSS signal.

The divide into groups method for rapidly converging that works of individual data also can the useful signal multiplexing with channel or processor structure be combined mutually, interference source signal is taked to the removing method of He Ne laser, do not need array calibration data or know or estimate directed useful signal or interference source signal.System 10 (Fig. 1) can grouping between the significant change of channel geometry high dynamic environment under detect and demodulating data divide into groups.Like this, processor just can operate under typical overload environment, and amount of interference is now no less than the antenna amount in receiver antenna array.

Orientation or reverse adaptive approach can be adopted in the transmitter side of system, return useful signal by maximum power and/or minimum transmitted radio signal (directional pattern) to emission source orientation, or be inconjunction with return useful signal (reverse mode) by minimum radiation direction emission source orientation on the direction of interference source.

Be not in the application of the transmitter of subject matter at those to the compatibility that non-SCSS disturbs, or when the transmitting and receiving platform of interference is not in same position, directional pattern is useful.This pattern can also be used for the occasion that communications platform suffers serious non-SCSS interference, such as, be when transmitting maximum power to the other end of communication link.

Can purpose processor accurately measure reception useful signal control vector, even when interference source completely covers useful signal passband and class interval, also maximum beam-forming can be returned the other end of communication link, not need to know the useful signal of reception is from where.System 10 (Fig. 1) can transmit K to the other end of communication link _araaycoefficient is high-power, for system provides the vulnerability to jamming to any interference.Even if the other end of communication link adopts single antenna to transmit and receive also can realize.Otherwise system 10 (Fig. 1) also can use K _araaycoefficient small-power maintains communication link.So just can according to COEFFICIENT K _araaycarry out the geographic range that reduction system can be detected by enemy.

The situation that the reverse mode embodied by oppositely-adapter 136 and 148 is in figures 6 a and 6b in same position for the position of tapping device and interference source is useful, such as, can be used to the validity assessing artificial jamming exposure area.This strategy is the most useful under underload environment, can point to interference source by broadband spacing wave.

Figure 13 represents the modulation of a kind of Single frame digital multitone (DMT) and extended format 340.Form 340 such as can be used for K _cell=6 and K _spreadthe environment of=4, each expanding element is separated by two FFT storehouses, namely K _space=2.First will six the data bit maps sent be needed to become one group ± data symbol.According to each unit distinctive synthesis weighting g on the FFT storehouse of four expanding elements _kanti-multiplexed symbols encourages six base band FFT storehouses.This synthesis weighting expands gain exactly, and it is arranged according to random or pseudo-random fashion each packet.Perform this expansion in a frequency domain, be multiplied by the baseband signal in time domain by one group of overlap or stacked synthesis sine carrier waveform.Actual expansion is completed by the large-scale FFT storehouse of direct-drive one, significantly reduces the complexity of calculating, makes output FFT have the capacity of appropriateness.Adopt the space that the Kaiser-Bessel window of β=9 comes between " filling up " single-tone in the present invention, do not allow interference between these single-tones and adjacent single-tone generation single-tone.Particularly the β of high level can produce interference between adjacent single-tone, and the interference of being separated by between farther single-tone is very little.

Non-ly to grope or collimation technique uses the knowledge of baseband data sequence or channel distortions and expansion gain to produce desirable weighting according to the signal estimation method optimized; Such as adopt technics of least squares.To grope or non-calibrated technology to utilize in baseband signal more generally characteristic to carry out adaptive de-spread weighting.Also the mixing baseband signal of these technology and/or the known of transmission channel and non-principal component can be adopted to construct a kind of effective scheme.The example especially effectively groping technology comprises constant-modulus, and technology is determined in compound-modulus and direction.Such as use the characteristic of a text symbol group of stars to carry out adaptive de-spread weighting.In demodulator (Figure 12), there are many methods can be used for adaptive polynary de-spread weighting.First have one to be dominant model prediction (DMP) method, it has drawn the known grouping time of advent or the advantage of the known extensions parameter of Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier signal.Secondly code gating recovers (SCORE) method from relevant in addition, and it has drawn the known advantage from the non-null relation be concerned with or between the signal component of spread spectrum in Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier signal.

In this two classes basic skills, from the detection of recovery technology for single packet detection and Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier signal that be concerned with, there is the highest value.

Conventional frequency spectrum and other types recover to have drawn known frequency spectrum and/or the conjugation advantage from coherence from relevant.This is the non-null relation between a kind of frequency displacement of given signal of communication and/or conjugation composition.Method of groping does not need to know the content of useful signal or the source of signal in advance.Thus the aerial array of training receiver by specific receiver calibration information is not needed.The method of groping is the knowledge that have employed the specific frequency shift that self is mutually related to useful signal.See B.Agee, S.Schell, W.Gardner, " Self-Coherence Restoral:A New Approach to BlindAdaptation of Antenna Arrays; " in Proceedings of the Twenty-FirstAsilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, 1987.Can also see B.Agee, S.Schell, W.Gardner, " Self-Coherence Restoral:A NewApproach to Blind Adaptative Signal Extraction Using AntennaArrays; " IEEE Proceedings, Vol.78, No.4, pp.753-767, April 1990.Can also see B.Agee, " The Property Restoral Approach to BlindAdaptative Signal Extraction, " Ph.D.Dissertation, University ofCalifornia, Davis, CA, 1989.

In a kind of bilateral frequency band amplitude-modulated signal, due to the form of bilateral frequency band amplitude-modulated signal, also due to true-IF performance, the true-IF performance of any this signal transacting all with its carrier frequency and DC conjugation symmetrical.These symmetries offset each other, cause the positive and negative frequency content of signal to be equal to each other.By calculating the useful signal of bilateral frequency band amplitude modulation and the coefficient correlation by frequency displacement between the self-replication product of two times of carrier waves can observe that this perfect frequency spectrum is from coherence.The frequency band that negative frequency component and positive frequency component occupy mixes by frequency displacement operator mutually, makes coefficient correlation have the value of non-zero.Only just there will be this nonzero value when this frequency shift value is used to duplicate.Coefficient correlation is less than the integer in this example.The non-laminated useful signal radio signal irrelevant by filtering in the bilateral frequency band amplitude-modulated signal of original and frequency displacement just can obtain an integer coefficient correlation.

One intersection is adopted to recover from relevant the recovery that (SCORE) processor 350 performs data-signal x (t) to a multiple antennas reception in fig. 14.Processor 350 is first by a series of filtering, and frequency displacement and adjoint operator process the data of reception, produces relevant signal u (t) of signal only aimed at processor.Then original and treated signal x (t)=u (t) is made to output signal y (t)=w by synthesizer can be made for a pair " x (t) and r (t)=c " the maximum wave beam of coefficient correlation between u (t) and idle bit adjuster (linear element synthesizer) 352 and 354.The controling parameters being used for aiming at processor has the filter operator being usually configured to a delay operator, frequency shift value α and conjugation mark (*).These processor parameters are arranged on the value that can produce powerful coefficient correlation when not disturbing, such as, be when sending useful signal to processor.

Figure 15 and 16 represents the code gating operation adopted in general code gating SCORE operates.Some code gating structure needs to revise significantly expander and Solution Expander data flow and structure thereof.There is described herein a kind of method that can be used for code gating SCORE Solution Expander adaptive algorithm.Also existing can between grouping or frequency cells be inner instead of the additive method of run time version gating between frequency cells.Such as the K across even number grouping _cellindividual baseband signalling gating code repeating data symbol, and the data flow by expander and Solution Expander can not be had influence on.

Code gating recovers to have drawn communication system possessed advantage from coherence messages from relevant, and for self adaptation expander offers convenience, but the gated information only obtained in communication system just can know this information.Present invention comprises two kinds of code gating SCORE methods.

The one being suitable for most multiple accessing communication taked unique code gating operation to base band telegraph signal before relevant restoration methods is included in extended operation, and it is determined uniquely to each link in communication system.Such as, if each unit of frequency cells to be divided into even number and odd number two subsets, and only code key is adopted to odd subsets, as shown in figs.Even number subset adopts Figure 11 and about illustrate shown in method spread data symbol.

Odd subsets is also crossed over and adopts similar extended method.But, first to the data symbol run time version gating operation sent with these unit, these unit are multiplied by constant modulus code key c (m)=[c different to each user m in network ₄(m)].This operating on multiple access Solution Expander is contrary.After the de-spreading operation but code key c* (m) of conjugation is multiplied by the output of the Solution Expander adopted in dual numbers and odd number frequency cells by odd number frequency cells before being combined.On single user (SCSS) transceiver, only to the single code key run time version gating operation that this SCSS transceiver adopts.In the process obtaining single packet, (conjugation) code key of de-spread is supplied to each odd number frequency cells that each transceiver antenna receives before linear combination operation.

The effect of code gating operation allows after odd number frequency cells is multiplied by de-spread code key, have unified coefficient correlation with the signal that this code key sends between even number and odd number frequency cells.Otherwise the every other signal that same code gating operation can make the different code key of employing send has very little coefficient correlation between even number and odd number frequency cells.Unless there is (suppose the unknown) delay and Doppler frequency displacement on the received signal, all this state can be kept.Then cross over and the signal of gained is directly inputted to the intersection-SCORE algorithm shown in Figure 14, even number (not having gating) frequency cells is used to replace x (t) wherein, and replace u (t) by odd number (gating) frequency cells, t conventional letter index q=1 wherein, ..., K _cellinstead of time index.De-spread weighting can make the coefficient correlation between the output of the de-spread information synthesizer putting on even number and odd number frequency cells maximum.

This method only just can detect any link of conciliating in extended network clearly according to code key known on a link.In single user SCSS transceiver, transceiver, only to the link de-spread communicated with, does not need extra operation to obtain this link and to identify that whether accurate the signal that it transmits is.If temporarily lost owing to there is unfavorable channel conditions such as " port shuffle " in long distance transmission, automatically link can also be recovered.On multi-user SCMA transceiver, this method only just can detect to the known codes key used during transceiver clearly according to node link, along with the change of channel condition, each link that de-spread and identification transceiver are supported, can not occur that port is transferred or shuffles.This code key can realize maintaining secrecy by comprising the scramble of code gating operation.

Basic code gating SCORE method can also be summarized with various ways.Particularly dual numbers and odd number frequency can adopt code key, so just can improve the correlation between fail safe and removal frequency cells.Code gating can also be applied to time instead of frequency, is left in the basket and the code gating that performs in all frequency cells sends data symbol in follow-up grouping during odd number grouping during adopting even number grouping.If extended code remained unchanged in the grouping that these are paired, this scheme just can use more effective-SCORE method automatically to carry out adapted solu-tion expansion weighting.

Can also use a large amount of frequencies or grouping subset in systems in which, each subset adopts one group of independently code key.In this case, Solution Expander adopts the intersection SCORE method of a kind of broad sense obtained from the super vector of intersection-SCORE eigen[value is explained.See B.Agee, " The Property-Restoral Approach to Blind Adaptive SignalExtraction, " in Proc.1989CSI-ARO Workshop on Advanced Topics inCommunications, May1989, Ruidoso, NM; And B.Agee, " The PropertyRestoral Approach to Blind Adaptive SignalExtraction, " Ph.D.Dissertation, University of California, Davis, CA, June1989.The quantity of the multiple accessing communication that transceiver can be supported declines along with increasing of frequency subsets quantity, but the stability of weighted calculation makes moderate progress, and noise declines, and the non-multilayer carrier wave elimination ability of this algorithm remains unchanged.The quantitative limitation of frequency subsets number equals spreading coefficient K _spread.

Code gating adopts multiple unit directly from channelized data super vector, to extract useful baseband signal from the relevant pattern that is dominant recovering eigen[value from relevant restoration methods.The method performs the space filtering of frequency dependence simultaneously, and each the unit internal combination antenna element on the useful signal of expansion, and the data-signal de-spread to result, be combined into frequency cells.

As long as the packet accessible maximal solution expansion received and beam forming SINR are positive, code gating just can receive on SINR at plus or minus from relevant restoration methods and effectively operate.The method can be used as a kind of intrinsic de-spread, and linear combination operator adapts to aerial array.To the antenna of any amount, comprise K _arraythe single antenna system of=1 can adopt identical method.Code gating does not need to know expansion gain or the text sequence on basis in advance from relevant restoration methods in its any execution point.This method does not need text sequence search time to de-spread or Doppler frequency displacement.

Code gating is used for detecting new signal grouping when opening communication link first from the relevant Dominant Eigenvalue recovering eigen[value.Receiver works as required, returns pulse when sending a grouping in communication channel to the other end.

Also additive method can be adopted to improve after relevant recovery at code gating or effectively detect the packet of Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier.Particularly predict that maximum code gating recovers the average of eigenvalue and standard deviation from relevant with code gating from the relevant minority Dominant Eigenvalue recovering eigen[value, thus substantially increase detecting reliability.Then reduce real dominant eigenvalue with the mean value of prediction, and calibrate according to the standard deviation of prediction, greatly strengthen the correct statistical trends detected.

Additive method between relevant convalescence, adopts downstream de-spread and demodulation operator to guarantee interblock interference at code gating.

Initial Doppler during acquisition first packet recovers the spatial scalability equalizer adopting frequency domain analogue, extract the first packet at the reception place FFT that full weight is built, and by a kind of linear interpolation, secondary sampling is performed to the result output signal downconverting to launch site frequency reconstruction.Adopt suitable adaptive approach to perform Result for Combinations to the data at single-tone center to sample again.Least square characteristic recovery algorithms is adopted to be such as the modulus change that constant modulus method reduces de-spread data symbol as far as possible.Least square constant modulus method has drawn the advantage adopting the characteristic of the transmitting data single-tone of BPSK modulation format generation to have constant modulus, but, if the Doppler frequency displacement of the signal experience of launching is the non-integer multiple at single-tone interval, this characteristic is just destroyed.Least square constant modulus method is that Solution Expander output signal recovers this characteristic.All these operations all perform under environment in obvious Doppler frequency displacement and path delay.See B.Agee, " TheLeast-Squares CMA:A New Approach to Rapid Correction of ConstantModulus Signals; " in Proc.1986, International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Vol.2, pg.19.2.1, April1986, Tokyo, Japen.

There are two kinds of methods can be used for as transfer of data produces antenna array weights.Reverse transfer and conjugation receive weighting and arrange transmitting weighting pro rata, and directional pattern and conjugation are divided into groups to control vector and arranged transmitting weighting pro rata.The most applicable civilian telecommunications of reverse mode and military range intercommunication application, interference signal may be other members in a multi-point communication network.

Directional pattern is suitable for the application scenario that transmitter major concern disguised and artificial disturbance and interception platform are not in same position most.It is useful that this pattern suffers in the application of strong interference at communications platform, in order to communicate when there is interference radio radiation, must transmit maximum power to the other end of communication link.But this method does not have attraction character in cooperation communication system from the oriented energy of other interference.

Directional pattern additionally provides a kind of multiplier adaptive strategy, if space link adopts very large coupling spreading coefficient, and just can the complexity of simplified solution expander greatly.

There is described herein reverse transfer pattern.Reverse mode be transmitter antenna array weighting is arranged on equal Signal reception during the conjugation array weight that calculates.If transmitting and receiving operator falls on the same frequency band, and any inherent difference transmitted and received between path is balanced, transmitter antenna array just adopts the gain figure identical with receiver antenna array.Transmitter antenna array may occur during Signal reception disturb direction on assess invalid direction.The invalid degree of depth that all directions adopt determines according to the interference strength received.

In this article, g _ka K _array× 1 vector, and the polynary expansion vector that representative is adopted when being launched by frequency cells " K ", the polynary de-spread vector w adopted when receiver is received by frequency cells " K " _krepresentative, it is also a K _array× 1 vector.

Embodiments of the invention are that He Ne laser transmitting weighting provides a kind of optimum structure, and each expanding element adopts one group of different K _arraythe weighting of × 1 expansion (gk) is expanded transmitting grouping.A kind of He Ne laser is set and oppositely launches weighting, with the K adopted in each frequency cells during Signal reception _array× 1 linear synthesizer de-spread weighting w _k(polynary) expansion gain g is set pro rata _k, make g _k=λ w _k.This pattern is effective especially for the environment by wide-band interferer domination, because the invalid degree of depth produced can be subject to the restriction of the aerial array dispersion adopted in each frequency cells.In this case, processor can make interference source in frequency and spatially invalid.Transmitter antenna array only makes each interference source in those frequency cells occupied by interference source invalid.Be conducive to like this receiving useful signal grouping, but, if by target alignment packet radio signal of telecommunication away from position of interference source in whole grouping passband, do not affect transmitting one grouping.If the quantity of local frequency interference source has exceeded the antenna element quantity in aerial array, any means all can not reach this purpose.

Transmitter antenna array weighting is arranged on and equals (conjugation) K by directional transmission patterns _array× 1 grouping controls vector.If transmitting and receiving operator falls on the same frequency band, the aerial array obtained by any difference in suitably balanced transmitting/receiving handoff procedure in the past between transmitting and receiving path just by the other end of maximum wireless electrical power sensing communication link, or can close this link with minimum transmitting radio energy.Directional antenna can ignore the position of interference source, and such as, it is only hypothesis interception machine is any position be within the scope of communication link.

The present invention can realize orientation method on the basis of He Ne laser.It can provide some benefits, but broadband connections; Link makes an exception, because grouping controls vector in the scope of dividing into groups passband changes very greatly, has a large amount of K _spreadvalue, or communication channel high degree of dispersion.But this is unimportant, because maximum power pattern can not be subject to the grievous injury of the secondary error of dividing into groups in control vector.

If communication link is subject to strong artificial disturbance, or must be such as that in single grouping, assessment grouping controls vector at short commitment defini interval, the error of assessment may be very large.Particularly too simple method can cause directional transmitter aerial array to point to the powerful wave beam of sources of environmental interference emitted energy.Directional transmission method or grouping control vectorial evaluation device should simply to being enough to realize by cheap means, but be sophisticated to again and be enough to reliably work in the desired extent of artificial disturbance and transmission environment.

There are three kinds of control vectorial evaluation methods available.First is correlation technique, utilizes the relation received between the grouped data of assessment to assess grouping and controls vector.Second is polynary ML-Analogy, and PRML (ML) evaluator obtained when adopting according to suitable simplified condition and there are channel multiplexing (polynary) data is assessed grouping and controlled vector.3rd is parameter method, adopts suitable parametric model to retrain grouping to control vector, thus optimizes polynary evaluator further.

Correlation technique be used to assess grouping control vector three kinds of methods in the middle of the simplest method.The weakness of this method is, considers the assessment obtained under there is the condition of single interference source, and this assessment narrows down to and adds that interference source controls vector according to the grouping control vector of the cross correlation calibration between the interference source received and packet signal.In order to this cross correlation is reduced to needed for zero time m-bandwidth product (sampling) be far longer than the 1/S of interference source signal, such as, if interference source five ten dBs stronger than packet signal, just need 1,000,000 sampling.Therefore, this method is normally worthless.

Other two kinds of methods utilize PRML (ML) the appraisal procedure assessment grouping control vector optimized to overcome this restriction.The assessment result produced can utilize simply (non-parameter) or parameter to control vector model under the condition that there is broadband or local frequency interference source, provide accurate control vectorial evaluation value.The performance of these assessed values can also be predicted in addition with the Cramer-Rao marginal analysis of routine.

Useful performance bounds is derived for any non-parameter obtained in polynary environment controls vectorial evaluation.The Data Segmentation of reception is become Kspread independent frequency unit, comprise the calibration of complex controll vector according to the unknown in each unit and be subject to known (or estimation) grouping base band of extra compound Gaussian interference effect.Simulate the control vector in Pe unit with ak=gk, " a " is wherein that (frequency is independently) grouping controls vector, and the gk single antenna packet expansion gain that to be the scalar potential obtained on Kth expanding element receive.Suppose that compound Gaussian interference is independently to unit, and the autocorrelation matrix of temporarily write average value of zero and the unknown in Kth unit

Suppose to divide into groups to control any complex of one that vector a is the Karray n dimensional vector n of Karray dimension, such as, a is not only confined to any parametric model group (such as with the set of matrices that azimuth and the elevation angle are parameter).The control vectorial evaluation adopting this model to set up such as has non-parameter technology.See H.Van Trees, Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory, Part I, New York:Wiley, 1968.Adopt Cramer-Rao bounding theory, just can obtain any agonic assessed value, it has the Evaluation accuracy (root-mean-square error) defined by given Cramer-Rao border.Matrix R is translated into interference autocorrelation matrix " on average " of broad sense, it equals the inverse of average inverse autocorrelation matrix.

In the preferred embodiment, space control vector spread spectrum gain (gk) adopts following formula to calculate

$R={\left({\underset{k=1}{\overset{K_{\mathrm{spread}}}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\left|g_k\right|}^2{R}_{H_k{H}_k}^{-1}\right)}^{-1}$

$a=R\left(\underset{k=1}{\overset{K_{\mathrm{spread}}}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{g}_k{w}_k\right)$

And

$g_k=\frac{w_k^{H}a}{a^H{R}_{H_k{H}_k}^{-1}}$

RHKHK is wherein the data autocorrelation matrix measured on an adapter block of spectrum unit K, and wk is the spatial component of the de-spread weighting that spectrum unit K adopts.Control the de-spread weighting wk that the gain of vector de-spread can also be used to computed improved, then can be used for performing spatial manipulation (linear combination of each frequency cells) and frequency spectrum processing (linear combination of all frequency cells) in multistage de-spread program.

Multilayer carrier spread spectrum radio electrical communication equipment shown in Fig. 1-14 combines the idle bit technology that other embodiment of the present invention provides.Idle bit interference cancellation techniques can combine effectively with multilayer carrier spread spectrum technique.About idle bit technology details can see Brian Agee " Solving theNear-Far Problem:Exploitation of Spatial and Spectral Diversity inWireless Personal Communication Networks; " Wireless PersonalCommunications, the people such as edited by Theodore S.Rappaport, KluwerAcademic Publishers, 1994, Ch.7.And see the people such as Sourour " Two StageCo-channel Inference Cancellation in Orthogonal Multi-Carrier CDMAin a Frequency Selective Fading Channel; " IEEE PIMRC'94, pp.189-193.Can also see " Multi Carrier CDMA System withCo-channel Inference Cancellation, " March1994, IEEE, #0-7803-1927, pp.1640-1644 of the people such as Kondo.

Basic multilayer carrier spread spectrum radio electrical communication equipment shown in Fig. 1-14 can be combined in multiple access embodiment of the present invention, simultaneously according to space, independently channel separated by frequency and/or code, be such as that space division multiple access connects (SDMA), frequency division multiple access connects (FDMA) and code division multiple access connects (CDMA).

The aerial array adopted in SDMA embodiment can be spatially directed selectively, such as, be set up two Minimum Areas.Transmitting and receiving machine in each region to by the aerial array of its correspondence be tuned to only accept the opposing party of the transmitter-receiver centering belonging to it, exclude other in other region of other MAC multiple access channel now right.Embodiments of the invention are undertaken self identify by SDMA technology and multilayer carrier spread spectrum technique combining.Further details about SDMA can see " Adaptive Antenna Arrays forGSM900/DSC1800, " March1994, IEEE#0-7803-1927, pp.605-609 of the people such as Forssen.Can also see " the Reception of Multiple C0-Channel DigitalSignals using Antenna Arrays with Applications to PCS, " 1994, IEEE#0-7803-1825, pp.790-794 of the people such as Talwar.Can also see " A Novel AlgorithmFor Flexible Beam Forming for Adaptive Space Division Multiple AccessSystems, " IEEE PIMRC'94, pp.729a-729e of the people such as Weis.The combination of CDMA and aerial array can see " Performance of CDMA Cellular Network WithBase-Station Antenna Arrays:The Downlink, " 1994IEEE, #0-7803-1825, pp.795-799 of the people such as Naguib.And " Experimental Studies ofSpace-Division-Multiple-Access Schemes for Spectral Efficient WirelessCommunications, " 1994IEEE of the people such as Xu, #0-7803-1825, pp.800-804.Can also see " Influence of the User Mobility on the Spatial MultiplexGain of an Adaptive SDMA System, " IEEE PIMRC'94, pp.745-749 of M.Tangemann.

In FDMA embodiment, each channel being adopted to the subset of multiple carrier wave, such as, is two minimum subsets, has two minimum frequency diversity carrier waves separately and is used for setting up two minimum channels.Transmitting and receiving machine in each region to by the carrier subset of its correspondence be tuned to exclude other carrier subset of now other MAC multiple access channel.Embodiments of the invention are undertaken self identify by FDMA technology and multilayer carrier spread spectrum technique combining.

In CDMA embodiment, have employed multiple expansion and de-spread weighting, each group is used for respective channel.Navigation neceiver in global positioning system (GPS) have employed this multiple access mode exactly.The multilayer carrier spread spectrum technique of CDMA technology and Fig. 1-14 is combined and has been surmounted prior art by embodiments of the invention.About the application of CDMA in multicarrier environment can see the people such as Fettweis " On Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) Modem Design; " 1994IEEE#0-7803-1927, pp.1670-1674.Can also see the people such as DaSilva " MultiCarrier Orthogonal CDMA Signals forQuasi-Synchronous Communication Systems; " IEEE Journal on SelectedAreas in Communication, Vol.12, No.5, June1994.Can also see " MultiCarrier Transmission Technique in Cellular MobileCommunication Systems, " March 1994, IEEE #0-7803-1927, pp.1645-1649 of the people such as Reiners.With further reference to " Multi-Carrier CDMA in IndoorWireless Radio Networks, " IEEE Trans.Comm. of the people such as Yee, Vol.E77-B, No.7, July1994, pp.900-904.Use under channel fading environment CDMA can see Stefan Kaiser " On the Performance of Different Detection Techniques forOFDM-CDMA in Fading Channels; " Institute for CommunicationTechnology, German Aerospace Research Establishment (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, 1994.And see " AnATM-CDMA Air Interface For Mobile Personal Communications, " IEEEPIMRC'94, pp.110-113 of the people such as Chandler.About this technology further describe can also see the people such as Chouly " Orthogonal multicarrier techniques applied to direct sequencespread spectrum CDMA systems; " 1993IEEE, #0-7803-0917, pp.1723-1728.

The people such as Bar-Ness at " Synchronous Multi-User Multi-Carrier CDMACommunication System With Decorrelating InterferenceCanceller; " IEEE, the combination of CDMA multiple carrier and de-association interference cancellation techniques is described in PIMRC'94, pp.184-188.

Multiple access method for multilayer carrier spread spectrum radio telecommunication comprises the multilayer carrier expansion gain of launching according to amplitude and the phase gain formation of the synthesis of multiple discrete frequency channels synthesis sine separately.Then arbitrary narrowband baseband data are expanded with a vector multiplier and a reverse channel multiplexer on the transmitter.Next step is exactly sending from transmitter after on multilayer carrier expansion gain extension to multiple discrete frequency channel simultaneously.Receiver utilizes the inner linear synthesizer of product of vector and Frequency reuser to multiple discrete frequency channel de-spread, recovers the expansion front signal of arbitrary narrowband baseband, exempts channel disturbance.Channel can be discontinuous and be distributed in multiple frequency band.Or adopt overlapping channel in the transmission, and comprise OFDM formula modulation format.Or launch the data of grouping, base band data is expanded, sends, and according to the channel multiplexer structure of OFDM formula to discrete grouping de-spread.

Grouping can be overlapping in time, continuously, or discontinuous.In the preferred embodiment, after one or more grouping complete from the other end sequence reception of link, one or more grouping is sent in order.Send in order and receive multiple grouping and can realize asymmetric communication, such as transmit in one direction more to divide into groups than on another direction, such as, and the guard time that can increase between sending and receiving, can be used for solving the interference problem of base station to base station in a cellular communication network.

The advantage that Discrete Multitone and Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier do not spread has been drawn in Discrete Multitone OFDM and the combination of aerial array treatment technology with Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier and aerial array treatment technology.All need to eliminate space interference to the obvious improvement of adaptive antenna array performance in any application, do not need to regulate static or accurate static linear diffusion (to be such as due to front end receiver defectiveness before adaptive receiver, non-zero array aperture, and fixing multiple scattering and reflection).This point is particularly useful in honeycomb fashion point-p-multi-point communication network, comprise in such networks for connecting (SDMA) topological logic for the space division multiple access communicated between multiple user on same group of channel, because each spatial processor must invalid to Formation Depth on the noisy direction of the user in this mesh.

Code division multiple access connects (CDMA) and adopts each group of Line independent (normally orthogonal) expansion gain to send multiple signal on same group of channel.Solution Expander adopt suitable combined weighted to be separated these signals.

The advantage of Resistant DS Spread Spectrum System is the multiple access of space division multiple access articulated, exclusive PCR, and has channel equalization ability (idle bit technology).Idle bit technology has been applied to symbol-modulated direct sequence spread spectrum (MOS-DSSS) or pulse modulation direct sequence spread spectrum (MOP-DSSS) form, equals an integer (often a mark space) of text symbol with expanding the Cycle accurate of gain.The combination of idle bit technology and multilayer carrier modulation format is useful, such as, can be used for eliminating spectral redundancy interference in HF/VHF frequency hopping interception system.In the prior art, be combined with the multilayer carrier signal imitating troposcatter link and have employed the general frequency hopping interception technology comprising idle bit interference and eliminate.But this technological expansion has then been arrived point-to point and the communicating of point-p-multiple spot by the present invention, this transmitter wherein and interference source have comprised multilayer carrier spread-spectrum modulation form.Such as further comprise directional data and grope adaptive method, be used in communication system send business and pilot data known features basis on optimization solution expansion.

The present invention is by the communication of multilayer carrier spread spectrum formula together with the idle bit technical combinations eliminated based on interference, and the capacity of raising communication system, improves the tolerance limit to channel distortions, and less relies on the relation between expansion gain.Do not need orthogonal approximation, and embodiments of the invention disturb to arrowband or the multilayer carrier spread spectrum signal of other DBMS member is not too responsive.If by be used for eliminate interference idle bit technology and multilayer carrier spread spectrum communications network combine, this effect is best.Particularly, if given identical expansion gain and idle bit device (linear synthesizer) combination, the number of links that the multilayer carrier spread spectrum communication link comprising the idle bit technology for eliminating interference can be supported can reach two times of symbol-modulated Direct swquence spread spectrum system.

The present invention is combined with building block technique for eliminating interference in a network and is used for the data-directed method of adaptive Solution Expander.This system that combines than for point-to-point with point-to the competing method that multiple spot (multiple access) communicates, there is obvious superiority.This system can draw the advantage of full bandwidth time quantum in communication system, thus the detection of Solution Expander in shortening system and tracking time.This system can also on Solution Expander the multilayer carrier spread spectrum signal of specifying of de-spread and demodulation useful signal, do not need the expansion gain (groping de-spread characteristic) known included by signal transmitter, thus simplify or save use code gating scheme in a network, and reverse engineering can be adopted optimize the expansion gain for communication channel and network.Receive (in unit or outside unit) by Solution Expander and do not have noisy multilayer carrier spread spectrum signal, do not need to know expansion gain or the degree of interference signal, so just can be more simply too much than (typically non-linear) sequence method, the latter needs to separate on the receiver and is in harmonious proportion again modulated interferer and useful signal.Can provide auto-compensation for the diffusion of static linear channel, diffusion effect is reduced in the inside being included in system front end, does not need to know or the diffusion of actual estimation channel, so just can reduce the complexity of de-spread method and system hardware.

Idle bit technology can expand to spatial processing technique reverse transfer method easy to use, greatly improves the ratio of performance to price of total system.

By idle bit and spatial processing technique and be used for adaptive antenna array that wave beam controls and combined and can improve common antenna transceiver and to be beyond one's reach scope.The interference that this combination can also produce by reducing adjacent cells improves the capacity of polynary network.Invalid control for eliminating interference can improve the capacity of communication network with marshalling more closely.Marshalling more closely can be separated the frequency of coincideing in unit inside, and space division multiple access so just can be adopted to connect topological logic.Through type method can be adopted aerial array and idle bit technology to be combined, increase the dimension of idle bit device, such as be used for interblock space channel and time channel in MOS-DSSS system, or by increasing idle bit device dimension interblock space channel and frequency channels in multilayer carrier spread spectrum system.

Multilayer carrier spread spectrum modulation formats allows Solution Expander to reduce multilayer carrier spread-spectrum expansion gain along with the increase of space channel quantity, to keep the complexity of the idle bit device constant of the function as antenna element quantity.The stable data-directed receiver adaptive time so just can be provided.Linear complexity along with antenna in communication network and number of users increase and increase.And the spatial distribution of user reduces along with the increase of communication beams.

The combination of the directed reverse transfer technology of idle bit data adaptive and multilayer carrier band spectrum modulation provides a kind of superior communication mode.Can improve point-to-point and user capacity that is point-p-multi-point link, scope, power, and/or cost efficiency, these performances are all better than all channel pre-emphasis method.

The combination of multilayer carrier spread-spectrum and adaptive antenna array contributes to eliminating spatial coherence interference, such as in honeycomb multilayer carrier spread-spectrum network, interference source can carry out the signal of other member in automatic network, and multi-antenna array mainly base station in a network uses.

Figure 17 represents a kind of T/F form of tdd communication systems.

Figure 18 represents a kind of effective single-tone form of basic DMT modulator-demodulator.

Figure 19 represents a kind of emittor/receiver calibration steps.The calibration of system and compensation have two kinds of independently patterns.SCSS cal signal injects receiver from cal switch, measures RX path diffusion.SCSScal signal to output receiver, measures the transmitting and receiving path diffusion of synthesis by way of transmit modulator by change over switch.Transmission path is derived according to the reception of synthesizing and transmitting cal data.Compensation is performed by transmitting and treatment S CSS cal waveform in DSP rear end.

Figure 20 is the schematic diagram of a kind of integrated single antenna T/R and DMT modulator-demodulator (DMT based on SCMA).

Figure 21 broadly illustrates the schematic diagram of a kind of single line code gating intersection-SCORE extended operation.It is best pattern for single line process.Can use according to the most rapid convergence time (minimum TBP) and intersect-SCORE algorithm.The impact of timing and Doppler frequency displacement can not be subject to.It reliably can eliminate Karray interference of unit inside.It can be separated Karray SCSS signal.Its deficiency is reliably to be separated >Karray SCSS signal (not performing idle bit), and in the environment that frequency change is very large can not relative adjustment to maximum SINR.

Figure 22 represents that an example has the single line code gating intersection-SCORE de-spread operation of Kspread subset of cells.

Figure 23 represents that an example has a kind of single line cross-SCORE algorithm of Nframe grouping/adapter frame.De-spread weighting calculates according to the holotype of multi-stage cross SCORE eigen[value.

Figure 24 represents a kind of single adapter frame auto-correlation statistical calculation.

Figure 25 represents the one intersection-SCORE eigen[value with Kspread subset of cells.De-spread weighting calculates according to the holotype of multi-stage cross SCORE eigen[value.

Figure 26 represents a kind of code key generator with Kpart<Kspread subset of cells.

Figure 27 represents the code key generator of a kind of equivalence with Kpart<Kspread subset of cells.

Figure 28 represents the one intersection-SCORE eigen[value with Kpart subset.De-spread weighting calculates according to the holotype of multi-stage cross SCORE eigen[value.

Figure 29 represents the one intersection-SCORE eigen[value with two subset of cells.De-spread weighting calculates according to the holotype of multi-stage cross SCORE eigen[value.

Figure 30 represents a kind of multilink code gating intersection-SCORE expander.It is a kind of improved mode of multilink process.It allows for SCSS disturbed condition amendment intersection SCORE convergence time.It can not be subject to the impact of timing and Doppler frequency displacement.It reliably can eliminate Karray interference of unit inside.It can be separated Karray*Kscore SCSS signal.Its deficiency is reliably to be separated >Karray*Kscore SCSS signal (incomplete idle bit), and in the environment that frequency change is very large can not relative adjustment to maximum STAR.

Figure 31 represents a kind of single line code gating-SCORE extended operation automatically adopting frequency electing and passing and two subset of cells.It is a kind of optimal mode of high mobility system.It can be separated Karray*Kscore SCSS link.It can eliminate Karray non-SCSS interference of unit inside.It can not be subject to the impact of timing and Doppler frequency displacement.Its deficiency is to be separated >Kscore SCSS link (incomplete idle bit), and needs (simply) timing tracking as a part for de-spread algorithm.

Figure 32 is a kind of single line code gating-SCORE de-spread operation automatically adopting frequency electing and passing and two subset of cells.

Figure 33 represents the one-SCORE eigen[value automatically adopting frequency electing and passing and two subset of cells.

Figure 34 represents a kind of single line code gating-SCORE expansion automatically adopting time gated and half rate redundancy gating.It is a kind of optimal mode of Hypomobility system.It can be separated Karray*Kspread SCSS link.It can eliminate Karray non-SCSS interference of unit inside.It can not be subject to the impact of timing and Doppler frequency displacement.Solution Expander provides 3dB SNR gain.Its deficiency is that capacity reduces half, and needs (simply) Doppler to follow the tracks of as a part for de-spread algorithm.

Figure 35 represents a kind of single line code gating-SCORE de-spread automatically adopting time gated and half rate redundancy gating.

In a word, adaptive antenna array can be used for increasing network system capacity, adopts wave beam to control, invalid control, or the combination of wave beam and invalid control.The combination of this invalid control or wave beam and invalid control technology is combined with the DMT/OFDM channel multiplexer of the channelizing used as SCSS expander/Solution Expander in the present invention.

Although the present invention have references to specific embodiment to describe, should be realized that everything is not construed as limiting the present invention.Those skilled in the art has the ability completely to make various modifications and changes after having read specification.Therefore, the purpose of claims will cover to belong to all modifications in the principle and scope of the present invention and change.

Claims (15)

1. a multiple accessing communication system, comprising:

Multiple radio transmitter, for launching multiple radio-frequency carrier;

Multiple radio receiver, for receiving at least one subset of described multiple radio-frequency carrier;

Be connected to the expander of described multiple radio transmitter, adopt the first self adaptation expansion gain and the first Dynamic data exchange and modulate amplitude and the phase place of described multiple radio-frequency carrier redundantly;

Be connected to the Solution Expander of described multiple radio receiver, adopt the first adaptive de expansion gain amplitude of multiple radio-frequency carrier described in demodulation and phase place independently, to recover first coding data, wherein said adaptive de expansion gain can be determined independently about receiver; And

Be connected to the multiple access device of radio transmitter, radio receiver, expander and Solution Expander, this multiple access device is configured to utilize at least one that space division multiple access connects SDMA agreement, frequency division multiple access connects FDMA agreement and code division multiple access connects in CDMA agreement to provide independently communication channel.

2. according to system according to claim 1, also comprise the aerial array being connected to described multiple radio transmitter and radio receiver, wherein, described SDMA agreement realizes optionally data channel transmission according to its relative tertiary location and receives between each pair of transmitter and receiver.

3., according to system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:

Described FDMA agreement uses the subset of the minimum number in described multiple radio-frequency carrier, by mating these subsets of radio-frequency carrier, between each pair of transmitter and receiver, transmits additional data channel.

4. according to system according to claim 1, also comprise the second digital extended gain and the second data, wherein said CDMA agreement, by the subset of coupling digital extended gain, realizes the communication of the first and second data between each pair of transmitter and receiver.

5. according to system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described aerial array comprises the individual independently antenna of positive integer " n " spatially distributed in groups, is used to provide the communication channel of positive integer " n " individual spatial distribution.

6. according to system according to claim 5, also comprise a radio frequency amplifier group with the separate amplifiers be connected on antenna corresponding in described aerial array, wherein each amplifier has adjustable gain, for realizing the controlled adjustment of wave beam, and make the communication channel of radio signal transmission to described spatial distribution invalid.

7., according to system according to claim 6, also comprise:

Be connected to the Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier spread-spectrum transmit modulator of described radio frequency amplifier group, for providing multiple communication channels of frequency dispersion; And

Described expander has the multiple outputs be connected on this transmit modulator, with simultaneously growth data in the communication channel of described spatial distribution.

8. according to system according to claim 7, also comprise the adjusting device being connected to described radio frequency amplifier group, one in the middle of the communication channel being used for selecting described spatial distribution.

9. according to system according to claim 8, wherein, each stand-alone antenna of described aerial array adopts polarization distribution further.

10., according to system according to claim 8, also comprise:

Be connected to the Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier spread-spectrum demodulator in described radio frequency amplifier group, for providing the communication channel of frequency dispersion; And

Described Solution Expander has each input and data output of being connected to this demodulator, with the data de-spread in the communication channel of disperseing all said frequencies.

11. 1 kinds by perform following operation to recover with multiple multilayer carrier signal separately distinctive expansion gain extension and be modulated to described multiple multilayer carrier signal each on, across wireless medium send and at receiver place as the method for the digital communication signal of the multilayer carrier Signal reception of multiple reception:

(1) down-conversion is carried out to each in the multilayer carrier signal of described multiple reception, to identify each signal in the multilayer carrier signal of described multiple reception, the multilayer carrier signal of wherein said multiple reception each there is the channel width that can be separated with the channel width of other multilayer carrier signal in the multilayer carrier signal of described multiple reception;

(2) by the de-spread weighting that application is different from the expansion gain of the multilayer carrier signal being applied to described multiple reception, de-spread is performed to the multilayer carrier signal of described multiple reception;

(3) the multilayer carrier signal plus of the multiple receptions through weighting is obtained the stronger signal of communication corresponding with sent digital communication signal, wherein disturb suppressed, and the time distortion in the maximized multilayer carrier signal simultaneously appearing at described multiple reception of the ratio making signal to Noise and Interference or at least one in frequency distortion are eliminated.

12. in accordance with the method for claim 11, it is characterized in that: the step of described de-spread gropes the multilayer carrier signal of multiple reception described in formula ground de-spread.

13. in accordance with the method for claim 12, it is characterized in that: described in grope formula ground de-spread step adopt a kind of generalized eigen equation of the pattern that is dominant.

14. in accordance with the method for claim 13, it is characterized in that: described generalized eigen equation is that a kind of code gating recovers eigen[value from relevant.

15. in accordance with the method for claim 14, it is characterized in that: grope the dominant eigenvalue of reducing described generalized eigen equation in formula de-spread process according to the mean value of a prediction described, and calibrate with the standard deviation of a prediction.