CN103043216B - Icing detector - Google Patents
Icing detector Download PDFInfo
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- CN103043216B CN103043216B CN201210513166.4A CN201210513166A CN103043216B CN 103043216 B CN103043216 B CN 103043216B CN 201210513166 A CN201210513166 A CN 201210513166A CN 103043216 B CN103043216 B CN 103043216B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of icing detector, belong to icing detection technology field.This icing detector comprises: freeze assembly, and it comprises the icing bar and supporting construction with accumulated ice surface, and icing bar is configured to fleetline airfoil structure and stretches into air-flow from supporting construction; At least one vision sensor, it is arranged to the image that can obtain accumulated ice surface; Controller, it is electrically connected with vision sensor, comprises image comparison module for obtained image and initial pictures being contrasted, thus judges whether the accumulated ice surface of icing bar freezes.Movement-less part of the present invention, the judgement reliability based on image is higher; Simultaneously due to the streamline profile structure of icing bar, accumulated ice surface can be made to have less pressure coefficient and larger collection efficiency, and icing bar is more early frozen faster, and the time sending icing alarm can shift to an earlier date.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to icing detection field, particularly relating to the ice detection for detecting ice-formation condition.
Background technology
When aircraft flies under ice-formation condition, very easily produce icing at positions such as aircraft wing leading edge, nacelle leading edges.Airframe icing will cause aircraft to grasp steady quality degradation, airworthiness loss and Flight Safety Margin decline.
Most current civil aircraft and transport plane are provided with flight icing detection system.Icing detection system can detect aircraft in early days and enter icing meteorology conditioned disjunction airframe icing, and to send icing warning information, prompting aviator manually boots anti icing system, or directly starts anti icing system by icing detection system.Thus, icing detection is the important measures ensureing flight safety.
US Patent No. 4,553,137 icing detectors disclosing a kind of vibration principle based on magnetostriction materials.The probe of this icing detector is made up of magnetostriction materials, and when aircraft enters ice-formation condition, because freezing, quality increase causes probe vibration frequency decrease, sends icing signal after being reduced to threshold values.The icing detector of this type is used widely on the aircraft of the models such as B737, A340, A380, B747, B777, ERJ, CRJ, ARJ.This icing detector is arranged on plane nose position, covers Elevation Analysis determine installation site by aerodynamic analysis and water droplet, for aircraft provides icing alarm.But the probe of this magnetostriction materials needs to be arranged in the magnetic field of supporting construction, and supporting construction is more complicated, volume is comparatively large, and required electric deicing can cause its power consumption larger; Meanwhile, this probe shape is cylindrical, its because of critical temperature lower, and not easily meet in recent years aiMonhiness authority to leading formula flight icing detection system with cross the airworthiness requirement of cold large water droplet ice-formation condition.
US Patent No. 7,370,525 disclose a kind of photoelectricity icing detector, US Patent No. 4,461, and 178 disclose a kind of super sonic icing detector.But these two patented technologies all need to comprise feedway and receiving device, the process of signal due to icing type various and comparatively complicated, cause whole panel detector structure complicated, reliability is lower.
The paper " IcingDetectionUsingImage-based3DShapeRecovery " delivered at ChunshengYu and QingjinPeng is (see Computer-AidedDesign & Applications, 7 (3), 2010,335-347), two groups of pick up cameras are adopted to obtain the icing photo of power transmission line, shape of freezing is obtained, to judge whether power transmission line freezes by image three-dimensional reconstruction and contrast; COMBITECH company of the U.S. describes and adopts photographic camera to obtain blade to freeze photo, based on the technology that graphical analysis monitoring blade of wind-driven generator freezes in " Icedetectionusingimageanalysis " (see http://winterwind.se/2012/download/16Combitech.pdf).Then, image processing techniques is introduced in icing detection field.But said apparatus adopts existing pick up camera or photographic camera to obtain picture, is passed and pictorial information is delivered to rear, carry out graphical analysis, judge whether to freeze by computing machine by remote information.This kind of device volume is large, Heavy Weight, cannot mounting arrangements aboard, can not be applicable to aircraft icing detection system.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the object of this invention is to provide that a kind of structure is simple, volume is little, lightweight, reliability is high and be easy to the icing detector of mounting arrangements aboard.
For this reason, according to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of icing detector is provided, comprises:
Freeze assembly, and it comprises the icing bar and supporting construction with accumulated ice surface, and described icing bar is configured to fleetline airfoil structure and stretches into air-flow from described supporting construction;
At least one vision sensor, it is arranged to the image that can obtain described accumulated ice surface;
Controller, it is electrically connected with described vision sensor, and described controller comprises image comparison module for contrasting from the described image of described vision sensor and the initial pictures on described accumulated ice surface, thus judges whether described icing bar surface freezes.
In this aspect of the invention, due to based on image processing techniques, have movement-less part (freeze bar geo-stationary and non-vibration), technology maturation, reliability is higher; Simultaneously due to the streamline profile structure of icing bar, accumulated ice surface can be made to have less pressure coefficient and larger collection efficiency, make icing bar have lower local static temperature and surface temperature, and there is higher critical temperature, more easily freeze, and the unit time freezes, amount is larger; Icing bar can be made more early to freeze faster by optimizing profile, the time sending icing alarm can shift to an earlier date, and more easily meets the requirement of leading formula icing detection system.
Preferably, the side of described icing bar to be arranged to along tangential, in fluctuating waveform, contribute to water and collect.
Further preferably, described icing bar tangential have enough length with cold flood was dropped in splash or broken time be frozen on the side of described icing bar, this ability that will icing detector of the present invention made to have probed cold large water droplet, expands the range of use of icing detector of the present invention further.
Again further preferably, the leading edge of described icing bar is arranged to cylindrical or aerofoil profile.
Again more further preferably, the leading edge curvature of described icing bar is so little that to be enough to make the collection efficiency of described icing bar reach more than 0.9.
Preferably, described icing assembly also comprises semiconductor refrigerating element and is connected supporting construction thereon with described icing bar, the cold junction of described semiconductor refrigerating element is connected with described icing bar thus to its active refrigeration, hot junction is connected to be dispelled the heat by it with described supporting construction.Semiconductor refrigerating element arranged by icing bar assembly, active refrigeration is carried out to icing bar, the surface temperature of icing bar can be reduced further, be conducive to icing bar and freeze before freezing in wing/nacelle generation, thus it is icing that icing detector was detected before wing/nacelle occurs to freeze.
Further preferably, described semiconductor refrigerating element is arranged in described icing bar lower end, described cold junction upper and described hot junction under.
As replacement, described icing bar has the first inner chamber, and described semiconductor refrigerating element is arranged in the first inner chamber described in described icing bar; Described semiconductor refrigerating element has the second inner chamber, and the upper end of described supporting construction extends into described second inner chamber; The described cold junction of described semiconductor refrigerating element outside and described hot junction interior.
Preferably, described icing bar is transparent and is furnished with illumination component within it.Arrange in icing bar inside the shape that illumination component can sketch the contours of ice better, the image of the bar that freezes under coordinating vision sensor to obtain different light intensity, improves the reliability of icing detection.
Further preferably, described illumination component is two groups, is arranged in leading edge place and postmedian in described transparent icing bar.
Preferably, just described accumulated ice surface is arranged for one at least one vision sensor described.Arranged by the coordination of icing bar and vision sensor position, the icing image of icing bar can be obtained better.
Preferably, another side at least one vision sensor described is arranged described accumulated ice surface.This improve further obtain the reliability of image.
Preferably, described vision sensor is miniature photographic means.
Further preferably, each at least one vision sensor described at least comprises camera lens and imageing sensor, described camera lens is for obtaining the image on described accumulated ice surface, and described imageing sensor is electrically connected to and image is sent to the described image comparison module of described control unit.
Again further preferably, described icing detector also comprises the flange be connected between described icing assembly and described controller, is installed aboard by icing detector by described flange.Described flange is provided with the alcove of band transparency window, the described camera lens of described vision sensor is exposed in described alcove.By the setting of alcove on flange, can make the camera lens of vision sensor just to and/or side to the accumulated ice of described icing bar surface, and be that camera lens provides protection by transparency window, prevent camera lens from hazing.
Again further preferably, have the inclined-plane towards described icing assembly in described alcove, described camera lens exposes from described inclined-plane.The layout being set to the relatively icing bar of vision sensor on inclined-plane provides conveniently.
Again more further preferably, the inclined-plane of described alcove is provided with automatic adjustable illumination component.And/or vision sensor itself with illumination component as automatic adjustable flash light.The setting of illumination component can contribute to vision sensor obtain different light intensity condition better under accumulated ice surface image.
Preferably, described icing bar is provided with the electric heater for deicing, and the setting of electric heater is for after detecting and freezing, and by the accumulated ice removing on icing bar, starts next-detection ice-heating deicing-cooling circulation of freezing.Described transparency window is provided with for anti-icing electric heater.Being provided with of electric heater helps transparency window inside face and does not tie mist outside face and do not freeze, ensure that transparency window is penetrating on the one hand, make vision sensor effectively obtain the true icing conditions on accumulated ice surface, the air on the other hand in guarantee alcove higher than dew temperature, thus effectively prevents camera lens surface from hazing.
Further preferably, described controller also comprises heating control module, and it is electrically connected with described image comparison module and carries out electro heat for controlling described electric heater.
Preferably, the described accumulated ice of described icing bar has the color mark facilitating image identification on the surface, and this contributes to the shape sketching the contours of ice better.
In a word, will freeze assembly, vision sensor and controller of icing detector provided by the invention is in one apparatus integrated, has that volume is little, lightweight, technology maturation and a high reliability, is easy to mounting arrangements aboard.
By reference to embodiment described below, these and other aspects of the present invention will clearly be set forth.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Structure of the present invention and operating mode and further object and advantage are better understood by the description below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, and wherein, identical reference marker identifies identical element:
Fig. 1 is the schematic isometric view of icing detector according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the top plan view of icing detector in Fig. 1, and in figure, the direction of arrow is air flow line;
Fig. 3 is the cutaway view of the A-A of icing detector in Fig. 2, and in figure, the direction of arrow is air flow line;
Fig. 4 is the partial enlarged view of icing detector part B in Fig. 2;
Fig. 5 A is the schematic cross section of icing bar first embodiment of icing detector in Fig. 1, and in figure, the direction of arrow is air flow line;
Fig. 5 B is the schematic cross section of icing bar second embodiment of icing detector in Fig. 1, and in figure, the direction of arrow is air flow line;
Fig. 6 is the schematic functional block diagram of icing detector according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the icing detection principle of work schematic diagram of icing detector according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and wherein, ice-heating deicing-cooling circulation of freezing-detect is carried out;
Fig. 8 A is the schematic isometric view of an icing assembly preferred implementation of icing detector in Fig. 1, and wherein semiconductor refrigerating element is arranged between icing bar and supporting construction at above-below direction;
Fig. 8 B is the top plan view of icing assembly in Fig. 8 A;
Fig. 8 C is the A-A cutaway view of icing assembly in Fig. 8 B;
Fig. 8 D is the partial enlarged view of icing assembly part B in Fig. 8 C;
Fig. 9 A is the schematic isometric view of another preferred implementation of the icing assembly of icing detector in Fig. 1, and wherein semiconductor refrigerating element is arranged between icing bar and supporting construction in inward-outward direction circumferentially;
Fig. 9 B is the top plan view of icing assembly in Fig. 9 A;
Fig. 9 C is the A-A cutaway view of icing assembly in Fig. 9 B;
Figure 10 A is the schematic longitudinal sectional view of the 3rd embodiment of the icing assembly of icing detector in Fig. 1, and in figure, the direction of arrow is air flow line;
Figure 10 B is the D-D cutaway view of icing assembly in Figure 10 A.
Description of reference numerals
1 icing assembly
11 icing bar 12 strut bars
110 accumulated ice surfaces
31 vision sensor 32 second vision sensors
310 camera lens 320 second camera lenses
311 imageing sensor 321 second imageing sensors
5 controllers
510 image comparison modules
7 flanges
71 alcove 72 second alcoves
710 transparency window 720 second transparency windows
711 inclined-plane, inclined-planes 721 second
712 illumination component 722 second illumination components
713 photometry element 723 second photometry elements
8 electric couplers
9 aircraft related systems
1 ' icing assembly
11 ' icing bar 12 ' strut bar
13 ' semiconductor refrigerating element
131 ' cold junction 133 ' hot junction
1 " freeze assembly
11 " freeze bar 12 " strut bar
112 " the first inner chamber
13 " semiconductor refrigerating element
131 " cold junction 133 " hot junction
132 " the second inner chamber
1 " ' freeze assembly
11 " ' freeze bar 12 " ' strut bar
112 " ' the first inner chamber
141 " ' the 3rd illumination component 141 " ' the 4th illumination component
Detailed description of the invention
As requested, the specific embodiment of the present invention will be disclosed here.But should be understood that, embodiment disclosed is here only exemplary of the present invention, and it can be presented as various forms.Therefore, here the detail disclosed is not considered to restrictive, and be only as the basis of claim and as instructing those skilled in the art differently to apply representational basis of the present invention in appropriate mode any in reality, the various features comprising employing disclosed here also combine the feature that may clearly not disclose here.
Word " ice " is herein understood to include various ice, frost and composition thereof, and word " ice-formation condition " is herein interpreted as the ice-formation condition of airworthiness regulation appendix C definition, and crosses cold large water droplet ice-formation condition.
Icing detector as shown in Figures 1 to 4 according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figures 1 to 4, and composition graphs 5A, 5B and Fig. 6, this icing detector 100 comprises: freeze assembly 1, vision sensor 31, controller 5.The assembly 1 that freezes comprises icing bar 11 and for supporting icing bar 11 and making it stretch into the strut bar 12 as supporting construction in air-flow.The bar 11 that freezes has accumulated ice surface 110 on its lateral wall.Vision sensor 31 just arranges the image that can obtain accumulated ice surface 110 to the leading edge 111 of icing bar 11.This vision sensor 31 comprises camera lens 310 and imageing sensor (CCD or CMOS) 311 (Fig. 6).Controller 5 is arranged to be electrically connected with vision sensor 31, and comprise image comparison module 510 (Fig. 6), for contrasting from the image of vision sensor 31 and the initial pictures on accumulated ice surface 110, thus judge whether the accumulated ice surface of icing bar freezes.
In the preferred embodiment illustrated in fig. 1, icing detector 100 preferably has the flange 7 be installed to by this icing detector by it on aircraft.This flange 7 is installed between icing assembly 1 and controller 5, can be used for supporting icing assembly 1 on the one hand, can be used on the other hand install vision sensor 31.Particularly, as shown in Figure 1, and composition graphs 2-4, flange 7 is provided with the alcove 71 of band transparency window 710, and the camera lens 310 of vision sensor 31 is exposed in alcove 71.By the setting of alcove on flange, the camera lens 310 of vision sensor 31 can be made just to the accumulated ice surface of icing bar leading edge 112, and by transparency window 710 for camera lens provides protection.Preferably, have the inclined-plane 711 towards icing assembly 1 in alcove 71, camera lens 310 exposes from this inclined-plane.The layout being set to the relatively icing bar of vision sensor on inclined-plane provides conveniently.Further preferably, the inclined-plane 711 of alcove 71 is provided with automatic adjustable illumination component 712.Certainly, vision sensor 31 itself also can with illumination component as automatic adjustable flash light.The setting of illumination component can contribute to vision sensor 31 and obtain image from accumulated ice surface 110 better.Again further preferably, the inclined-plane 711 of alcove 71 is also provided with the photometry element 713 be electrically connected with illumination component 712, its bright degree that can sense surrounding environment also triggers illumination component 712 when needed and works.
Refer again to Fig. 1 to 4 and composition graphs 6, in the preferred embodiment, also have the second vision sensor 32, the accumulated ice surface 110 of its side to icing bar 11 is arranged, namely just to the accumulated ice surface of icing bar side 114.As vision sensor 32, this second vision sensor 32 also comprises the second camera lens 320 and the second imageing sensor 321 (Fig. 6).Second camera lens 320 is arranged in the second alcove 72 of flange 7 and is exposed to obtain the image on accumulated ice surface 110, second alcove 72 and first alcove 72 wherein with the second transparency window 720 are roughly 90 ° of angles, namely the second alcove 72 is positioned at the side of icing bar 11, thus the second camera lens 320 side is to accumulated ice surface 110.As the first alcove 71, the second alcove 72 also has the second inclined-plane 721, the second photometry element 723 the second inclined-plane 721 being furnished with the second automatic adjustable illumination component 722 and being electrically connected with the second illumination component 722.
It should be noted that, the bar 11 that freezes preferably is provided with the electric heater (not shown) for deicing, and transparency window 710,720 is preferably provided with for anti-icing electric heater (not shown) simultaneously.For this reason, controller 5 preferably also comprises heating control module 520, and it is electrically connected with image comparison module 510, carries out electro heat for the electric heater controlled on icing bar and transparency window.
In addition, should be understood that, the imageing sensor 310,320 of vision sensor 31 and the second vision sensor 32 can be preferably placed in the housing of controller 5.
Introduction is made respectively with regard to each component part in this preferred implementation and effect thereof below in conjunction with Fig. 1-4 and Fig. 6.
Vision sensor 31,32: can be miniature photographic means, by the image on the accumulated ice surface 110 of the bar 11 that freezes under certain frequency shooting different light intensity.
Photometry element 713,723: measure the light intensity that extraneous (i.e. surrounding environment) is different; Can be photoconductive cell etc.
Illumination component 712,722: for icing bar 11 provides illumination; Can be automatic adjustable flash light or automatic adjustable illumination component.Under the control of imageing sensor 311,321, provide different illumination intensities according to extraneous different light intensity.
Imageing sensor (CCD or CMOS) 311,321: the light intensity recorded according to photometry element 713,723, regulates illumination intensity and front shutter, obtains the bar image that freezes.
Camera lens 310,320: use tight shot, the depth of field should be able to contain whole icing bar 11.
The transparency window 710,720 of electrified heating: electro heat under the control of heating control module 520, ensures that transparency window surface can not freeze or haze, guarantees that photometry element 713 and 723, camera lens 310,320 and illumination component 712,722 have a visual field clearly.
Should be understood that, in actual use, photometry element 713 and 723 can be arranged in camera lens, also can be arranged in illumination component 712,722.
Freeze assembly 1:
The icing bar 11 of electrified heating: fleetline airfoil structure, has less pressure coefficient (higher critical temperature) and larger collection efficiency.
The supporting construction 12 of electrified heating: its length ensures the bar 11 drip shield district that freezes.
The accumulated ice surface of icing bar 11 can be provided with portrays the unique point of mark as image comparison; The color of bar accumulated ice surface 110 colors, marker color and the illumination light of freezing answers contrast strong, and as accumulated ice surface color uses green, marker color uses red, and illuminating lamp is blue, sketches the contours of the shape etc. of ice better.
Material for icing assembly 1 is not particularly limited.
The bar 11 that freezes is designed to stream line pattern, the curvature design of bar leading edge 112 of freezing must be less of enough to ensure that the collection efficiency that icing bar obtains reaches more than 0.9, and stream line pattern can ensure that icing bar 11 obtains less pressure coefficient (higher critical temperature); In addition, the bar 11 that freezes is designed to have enough length with under ensureing that cold flood dropped in the situation such as fragmentation, splashing tangential, is frozen on accumulated ice surface 110 after discharging latent heat gradually.Described icing bar leading edge 112 is designed to cylindrical, as shown in Fig. 5 A, 5B.Preferably, it is fluctuating waveform that the bar side 114 that freezes is arranged to tangential, sees Fig. 5 B, is beneficial to water and collects.
Image comparison module 510:
The icing bar image that image comparison module 510 will obtain from imageing sensor 311,321, to freeze bar image with when being stored in not freezing in internal memory, provincial characteristics method (shape) is used to contrast, if the similarity of two images is lower than threshold value, judge to freeze, coordinate electrical interface (i.e. electric coupler) 8 and send icing signal, pass to aircraft related system 9.
Image comparison program is mature technology, applies, thus no longer launch explanation at this in Identification of Images, gate control system etc.
In addition, it should be noted that, in above-mentioned controller 5, also can comprise selftest module (not shown).This selftest module is responsible for carrying out BIT (self-inspection) to icing detector, if there is component failures, collaborative electric coupler 8 sends breakdown signal, passes to aircraft related system 9.Self-checking function is mature technology, does not do to launch explanation at this.
Electric coupler 8:
This electric coupler 8 connects aircraft power supply, exports freezing and breakdown signal of vision sensor 31,32 generation; Controller 5 inside is connected with imageing sensor 311,321 by bus interface, when needing when taking a flight test to obtain real-time similarity numerical value and icing bar picture, is connected with data acquisition equipment by this bus interface.Electric coupler is mature technology, does not do to launch explanation at this.
As shown in Figure 6,7, the image in freeze bar 11 front and accumulated ice surface, side taken by the camera lens 310,320 of vision sensor 31,32 with certain frequency; Image comparison module 510 is by the icing bar image obtaining the icing bar image after freezing from imageing sensor 311,321 and be stored in when not freezing in internal memory, based on provincial characteristics algorithm determination image similarity, when front and/or side image similarity are less than the threshold value of setting, collaborative electric connection 8 sends icing signal, for aircraft custom system 9, heating control module 520 carries out electro heat to icing bar 11 and strut bar 12 simultaneously, after ice-cooled, enter next round freeze bar freeze-icing detection-heating deicing-freeze bar cooling circulation; Heating control module 520 is frozen with certain power heating transparency window 710,720 to prevent transparency window and/or hazes; Selftest module carries out BIT to each parts and controller 5, electric connection 8, if there is fault, sends breakdown signal, records for aircraft custom system 9 and process.
The advantage of present embodiment is:
A. by aerodynamic analysis and droplets impact its analysis, profile is optimized, makes it have less pressure coefficient and larger collection efficiency; Less pressure coefficient, means that icing bar has lower local static temperature and surface temperature, and has higher critical temperature, more easily freeze; Larger collection efficiency, the meaning unit time, icing amount was larger; Icing bar can be made more early to freeze faster by optimizing profile, the time sending icing alarm can shift to an earlier date, and more easily meets the requirement of leading formula icing detection system.
B. bar tangential of freezing has under enough length can guarantee that cold flood drops in the situation such as to splash, broken, icing bar side can also be frozen in, that is, icing detector of the present invention has the ability of probed cold large water droplet, expands the range of use of icing detector of the present invention further.
C. magnetic deformation probe compared by the bar that freezes, and for connecting element is not vibrating mass, improves reliability; Material can be metal or other materials; Icing bar and vision sensor position co-ordination are arranged, obtain the icing image of icing bar better; In addition, invent the material to probe, profile and arrangement form, there is larger alerting ability.
D. compare other sensors, this icing detector is based on graphical analysis, and Technical comparing is ripe, and reliability is high; In addition, can keep consistent with existing magnetostriction type in Interface design, interchangeability is good.
Referring to Fig. 7 and composition graphs 6 introduces the working process of the icing detector of above-mentioned embodiment:
Step S1: certain frequency pressed by imageing sensor 311 and imageing sensor 321, as 1s once, measure light intensity by photometry element 713,723, control illumination component 712,722 and camera lens 310,320, the image on the icing front of bar 11 of shooting simultaneously and the accumulated ice surface 110 of side;
Step S2: image comparison program, freeze the front of shooting and side bar image, respectively with front and the side image of the bar that freezes when to be stored in internal memory and not freeze, provincial characteristics algorithm is used to contrast, when direct picture and/or its similarity of side image are less than threshold value, as 20%, judging to freeze sends a certain time, as the icing signal of 60s;
Step S3: after heating control module 520 obtains icing signal, starts to carry out electrical heating deicing to icing bar 11 and strut bar 12; Freeze after bar cooling, start again to freeze, if again detect icing in 60s, icing signal is postponed 60s.Repeat step S1, S2.
Step S4: heating control module 520 continues anti-icing to transparency window 710,720 electro heat, makes transparency window keep penetrating.
In addition, state on the invention in embodiment, icing assembly also preferably includes semiconductor refrigerating element.As shown in Fig. 8 A to 8D, in the icing assembly 1 ' of a preferred implementation, it comprises icing bar 11 ', strut bar 12 ' and semiconductor refrigerating element 13 ', wherein, semiconductor refrigerating element 13 ' is arranged between icing bar and strut bar at above-below direction, cold junction 131 ' is connected with icing bar 11 ' and carries out active refrigeration to icing bar, and hot junction 133 ' is connected with strut bar 12 ' and is dispelled the heat by strut bar.During work, the semiconductor refrigerating element 13 ' bar 11 ' that will freeze cools Δ T DEG C of temperature (general 1-2 DEG C), namely compares ambient temperature and reduces Δ T DEG C.Like this, stating preferred implementation on the invention adopts optimization to freeze on the basis of bar profile, icing bar assembly arranges semiconductor refrigerating element, active refrigeration is carried out to icing bar, the surface temperature of icing bar can be reduced further, be conducive to icing bar to freeze before freezing in wing/nacelle generation, icing detector detected before wing/nacelle occurs to freeze icing, to carry out the carrying out of follow-up counter-measure.
Fig. 9 A to 9C shows another preferred implementation of icing assembly, and wherein semiconductor refrigerating element is arranged between icing bar and strut bar in inward-outward direction circumferentially.Semiconductor refrigerating element 13 " concentration ellipsis ring-shaped can be made, its outside is cold junction 131 " with icing bar 11 " be connected, its inside is hot junction 133 " with strut bar 12 " be connected.Heat is by strut bar 12 " the first half be delivered to its lower part, then to dispel the heat.Particularly, in this another preferred implementation of icing assembly, freeze bar 11 " there is the first inner chamber 112 ", semiconductor refrigerating element 13 " be arranged in the first inner chamber 112 described in icing bar " in; Semiconductor refrigerating element 13 " there is the second inner chamber 132 ", strut bar 12 " upper end extend into the second inner chamber 132 "; The cold junction 131 of semiconductor refrigerating element " hot junction 133 outside " interior.Should be understood that, semiconductor refrigerating element itself is based on Peltier principle, is maturation application, need not launches explanation at this.
Further, although in the above-mentioned preferred implementation of icing detector of the present invention, illumination component is arranged in alcove together with camera lens, should be appreciated that illumination component also can be arranged in icing bar inside.Figure 10 A and Figure 10 B shows the another preferred implementation of icing assembly, in this embodiment, freeze bar 11 " ' electrified heating and be transparent; the transparent icing bar of such as electrified heating uses the clear glass (or other transparent materials) of electrified heating to make; inner preferred arrangements two groups of illumination components; be the 3rd illumination component 141 respectively " ', the 4th illumination component 143 " '; wherein; the 3rd illumination component 141 " ' be mainly icing bar leading edge and provide illumination, the 4th illumination component 143 " ' provide illumination in the middle part of icing bar and rear portion.Arrange illumination component in icing bar inside, can sketch the contours of the shape of ice better, freeze under coordinating vision sensor to obtain different light intensity bar image.Separately, should be understood that, the photometry element 713,723 in the above-mentioned preferred implementation of the present invention, after measurement light intensity, also can control these two groups of illumination components of icing bar inside, to obtain the image on icing bar front and accumulated ice surface, side better.
Should be understood that, can adopt the icing bar structure shown in Figure 10 A to Figure 10 B in the icing assembly shown in Fig. 8 A to Fig. 8 D completely, the icing bar of the icing assembly namely shown in Fig. 8 A to Fig. 8 D also adopts transparent material to make, and internal placement has illumination component.Certainly, if needed, in the icing bar shown in Fig. 9 A to 9C, also illumination component can be arranged.In addition, about the streamline profile structure of icing bar, i.e. the icing bar moulding of Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B display, it is all applicable in the icing assembly of any one preferred implementation above-mentioned.
Technology contents of the present invention and technical characterstic have disclosed as above; but be appreciated that; under creative ideas of the present invention; those skilled in the art can make various changes said structure and material and improve; comprise the combination of disclosure or claimed technical characteristic separately here, comprise other combination of these features significantly.These distortion and/or combination all fall in technical field involved in the present invention, and fall into the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.It should be noted that by convention, in claim, use discrete-component to be intended to comprise one or more such element.In addition, any reference marker in claims should be configured to limit the scope of the invention.
Claims (15)
1. an icing detector, is characterized in that, comprising:
Freeze assembly, and it comprises the icing bar and supporting construction with accumulated ice surface, and described icing bar is configured to fleetline airfoil structure and stretches into air-flow from described supporting construction;
At least one vision sensor, it is arranged to the image that can obtain described accumulated ice surface;
Controller, it is electrically connected with described vision sensor, described controller comprises image comparison module, for contrasting from the described image of described vision sensor and the initial pictures on described accumulated ice surface, thus judges whether the accumulated ice surface of described icing bar freezes;
The side of described icing bar is arranged to along tangential in fluctuating waveform;
Described icing bar tangential have enough length with cold flood was dropped in splash or broken time be frozen on the described side of described icing bar;
The curvature that the leading edge of described icing bar is arranged to described leading edge is so little that to be enough to make the collection efficiency of described icing bar reach more than 0.9;
Wherein, described icing bar is transparent and is furnished with illumination component in described icing bar, and described illumination component is two groups, is arranged in leading edge place and postmedian in described icing bar.
2. icing detector as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the leading edge of described icing bar is arranged to cylindrical.
3. icing detector as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described icing assembly also comprises semiconductor refrigerating element and supporting construction, described icing bar is connected in described supporting construction, the cold junction of described semiconductor refrigerating element is connected with described icing bar thus to described icing bar active refrigeration, hot junction is connected to be dispelled the heat by described supporting construction with described supporting construction.
4. icing detector as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described semiconductor refrigerating element is arranged in described icing bar lower end, described cold junction upper and described hot junction under.
5. icing detector as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described icing bar has the first inner chamber, and described semiconductor refrigerating element is arranged in the first inner chamber described in described icing bar; Described semiconductor refrigerating element has the second inner chamber, and the upper end of described supporting construction extends into described second inner chamber; The described cold junction of described semiconductor refrigerating element outside and described hot junction interior.
6. icing detector as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described icing detector comprises two vision sensors, and one of them is just arranged described accumulated ice surface.
7. icing detector as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, another side in described two vision sensors is arranged described accumulated ice surface.
8. icing detector as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described vision sensor is miniature photographic means.
9. icing detector as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, each at least one vision sensor described at least comprises camera lens and imageing sensor, described camera lens is for obtaining the image on described accumulated ice surface, and described imageing sensor is electrically connected to and image is sent to the described image comparison module of described controller.
10. icing detector as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, described icing detector also comprises the flange be connected between described icing assembly and described controller, described flange is provided with the alcove of band transparency window, the described camera lens of described vision sensor is exposed in described alcove.
11. icing detectors as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that, have the inclined-plane towards described icing assembly in described alcove, described camera lens exposes from described inclined-plane.
12. icing detectors as claimed in claim 11, is characterized in that, the inclined-plane of described alcove is provided with automatic adjustable illumination component.
13. icing detectors as claimed in claim 10, is characterized in that, described icing bar is provided with the electric heater for deicing, and/or described transparency window is provided with for anti-icing electric heater.
14. icing detectors as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that, described controller also comprises heating control module, and described heating control module is electrically connected with described image comparison module carries out electro heat for controlling described electric heater.
15. icing detectors as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the described accumulated ice of described icing bar has the color mark facilitating image identification on the surface.
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| CN103101626B (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2015-09-02 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Icing detector |
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