CN103339683A - Final beam transport system - Google Patents
Final beam transport system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103339683A CN103339683A CN2012800065378A CN201280006537A CN103339683A CN 103339683 A CN103339683 A CN 103339683A CN 2012800065378 A CN2012800065378 A CN 2012800065378A CN 201280006537 A CN201280006537 A CN 201280006537A CN 103339683 A CN103339683 A CN 103339683A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- optical devices
- neutron
- optical
- optical element
- replacement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
- G21B1/23—Optical systems, e.g. for irradiating targets, for heating plasma or for plasma diagnostics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
Abstract
A system includes a laser system operable to provide a laser beam along an optical path and a fusion chamber coupled to the optical path. The system also includes a neutron pinhole disposed along the optical path between the laser system and the fusion chamber and a neutron attenuation region disposed along the optical path between the laser system and the fusion chamber.
Description
The cross reference related application
The application requires the U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/437 of submission on January 28th, 2011, and 177 right of priority, the disclosed content of this application all merge and this paper by reference.
About to the statement according to the right of federal sponsored research and the invention made of development
Abide by the USDOE and the Lao Lunsi Lawrence Livermore national security agency that are used for the work of Lao Lunsi Lawrence Livermore national security agency, the contract No.DE-AC52-07NA27344 between the LLC, U.S. government has corresponding right in the present invention.
Background technology
According to energy information government organs (Energy Information Agency) and present inter-governmental climate change panel (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)) project of scheme, the expection whole world is to the demand of electric power, 4TWe from present about 2 terawatt (TW) electric power (TWe) to the year two thousand thirty, turn over one times, and can reach 8-10TWe by 2100.They expect that also at next 30 to 50 years, the demand that a large amount of electricity is produced will be by mineral fuel, and normally coal and rock gas provide.Today, 41% of coal supply world electric energy, and anticipated the year two thousand thirty supply 45%.In addition, from the nearest report of IPCC, discharging has been advanced the CO of the artificial source of atmosphere
2, have the possibility of appreciable impact to fix on 90% to earth planet weather." all as before " radix line situation (" business as usual " baseline scenarios) points out, to the year two thousand fifty, and CO
2Discharging almost is two sesquialters of present level.Than in the past more very be, new technology and the other energy to satisfy prosperity with the developing world in the energy requirement that increases day by day all be absolutely necessary, attempt stable simultaneously and reduce CO in the atmosphere
2Concentration and alleviate the climate change of association.
Nuclear energy, a kind of energy of non-carbon-emitting since nineteen fifty, has become the key component that world energy is produced, and current amount accounts for 16% of world's electrical production, and this is the percentage that can be increased in " in principle ".Yet.There are some factors to cause the difficulty of its long-term sustainable.These related factors comprise: the risk of the nuclear material that brings from nuclear fuel cycle and the diffusion of technology; Require the generation of buried long-lived radioactivity nuke rubbish in the geology storeroom; Present dependence to disposable, open nuclear fuel cycle; And cheaply, the availability of low-carbon (LC) footprint uranium ore.Only in the U.S., nuclear reactor has produced the nuclear fuel (SNF) that uses up more than 55,000 tonnes (MT).In the near future, we will have enough nuclear fuels that uses up, and outstanding card mountain region matter waste material storeroom will be filled up to the legal limit of its 70,000 MT.
Fusion (fusion) is that power produces attractive energy option in the future, has two kinds of main fusion generating plant schemes to be developed now.In first kind of scheme, inertial confinement fusion (Inertial Confinement Fusion(ICF)) use laser, heavy ion light beam or pulse power, in order to compress the folliculus (capsule) that contains deuterium (D) and tritium (T) potpourri rapidly.Along with the increase with DT gas density and temperature dwindled of folliculus radius, the DT fusion reaction is initiated in the fleck at compressed folliculus center.These DT fusion reactions produce the neutron of α particle and 14.1 MeV.The fusion combustion front is propagated from this spot, produces significant energy gain.Second kind of scheme, magnetic fusion energy (MFE) are used high-intensity magnetic field so that constraint DT plasma and generation require to keep the condition of combustion plasm(a) and produce power gain.
The important technology that is used for ICF, be at first in California Lawrence Livermore city Lao Lunsi livermore national laboratory (LLNL)-assignee of the present invention-country's igniting facility (National Ignition Facility(NIF)) research and develop., be designed to obtain the inertial confinement fusion project based on laser of thermonuclear fusion igniting and burning there, utilize the laser energy of 1 to 1.3 MJ.It is the fusion output of 10 to 20 MJ that expection has magnitude.If fusion technology is used to cost-efficient power production independently, then by the requirement of central hot spot fusion geometry, the fusion output that surpasses 200 MJ is expected.Therefore, significantly technological challenge remains the economy that will obtain by pure inertial confinement fusion energy power supply.
Summary of the invention
According to embodiments of the invention, the method and system that relates to inertial confinement fusion is provided.Especially, a kind of last optical devices beam Propagation system that satisfies that highest level requires is provided, and it is suitable for laser inertial fusion engine (LIFE) system.These optical devices can make the slewing of 351nm light and transmission by the dineutron aperture and make light beam be focused on the target (as, the target tracker that adopts with embodiment described herein, can be before igniting last 30 μ s make the percussion pointing correction).Optical system described herein, the diagnosis light beam of startup target tracker and alignment.These last optical devices have been designed to the centering daughter lesion and target percussive pressure high-amplitude wave is firm, provide minimal losses to the 351nm laser beam simultaneously.The method of replacing these last optical devices also is described.Embodiments of the invention can also be applied to other optical systems in high radiation (radiation) environment.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the method that a kind of replacement is placed on the optical element in the high radiation environment is provided.This method comprises: suspend the operation of light beam line; The pulling cable is in order to make this optical element shift by radiant wall; And exchange this optical element with the replacement optical element.This method also comprises: the pulling cable, in order to this replacement optical element is shifted by this radiant wall; This replacement optical element is placed on contiguous telescopical first end; And this replacement optical element is placed on telescopical first end face.This method also comprises: this replacement optical element is placed on motion (kinematic) element; Check the optical alignment of this replacement optical element; And the operation of restitution beam line.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, a kind of optical system is provided.This optical system comprises, and the chamber and the optical devices support that is installed in first end of this vacuum chamber of first end and second end arranged.This optical devices support has the surface of installation.This optical system also comprises, and is installed to the Fresnel optical devices and the cable that is attached to this optical devices support on this installation surface.This optical system also comprises, and is installed to second optical element of second end of this vacuum chamber.
According to specific embodiment of the present invention, a kind of system is provided.This system comprises: can operate in order to provide along the Optical Maser System and the fusion chamber that is coupled to this light path of the laser beam of light path.This system also comprises, and is disposed in neutron aperture between Optical Maser System and the fusion chamber along this light path, and is disposed in neutron attenuation district between Optical Maser System and the fusion chamber along this light path.
According to one embodiment of the invention, thin Fresnel optical devices are used as this last optical devices.These last optical devices (it can by the fused quartz manufacturing) are installed in the framework, and this framework is sealed to by packing ring (as, O type ring O-ring seal) and contains the neutron aperture transmission telescope of (as, the big cement structures that links with buildings).In one embodiment, the aperture of last optical devices is about 0.6 * 43 * 43cm
3, 21torr(2800Pa is arranged) external pressure and～internal pressure of 0.5m torr.In this embodiment, about 116 pounds power is added on the surface of optical devices.
Embodiments of the invention, but replaceable optical devices provided by access way, need not to use the electronic installation, engine, the hydraulic means or like that do not have ability to tolerate high radiation environment with the acceptable life-span.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of last optical devices beam Propagation system is provided, and its satisfies and highest level requirement that is associated with high radiation environment of for example finding in LIFE.These optical devices allow 351nm light slowly to aim at and transmit by neutron shield transparent on the optics (also claim the neutron aperture, it can be implemented by the configuration of double small hole), and light beam is focused on the target.These last optical devices have been designed to the centering daughter lesion and target percussive pressure high-amplitude wave is firm, provide reduction or minimum loss to the 351nm laser beam simultaneously.The method of replacing these last optical devices is also provided by embodiments of the invention.
Numerous benefit obtains by the present invention who is better than common technology.For example, the method and system that embodiments of the invention provide can be realized the replacement of optical devices in the district with barrier shield shielding neutron source.In certain embodiments, the last optical devices for laser being focused on the target provide convergence and vacuum barrier and/or two kinds of effects of tritium barrier of light.These and other embodiment of the present invention are together with many its advantage and features, in conjunction with following text and accompanying drawing more detailed description.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is rough schematic view, and the element according to the final beam transmission system of the embodiment of the invention is shown;
Fig. 2 is rough schematic view, and the final beam transmission system according to the embodiment of the invention is shown;
Fig. 3 A is synoptic diagram, and the final beam transmission system according to the neutron aperture that comprises two cascades of the embodiment of the invention is shown;
Fig. 3 B is synoptic diagram, and the final beam transmission system according to comprising of the embodiment of the invention of single neutron aperture is shown;
Fig. 3 C is rough schematic view, and the telescopical element of neutron aperture according to the embodiment of the invention is shown;
Fig. 4 A is to the simplification curve of the transmissivity (transmission) in the fused quartz optical devices of one group of annealing (annealing) condition as function of wavelength;
Fig. 4 B is that absorption in the fused quartz optical devices is as the simplification curve of temperature funtion;
Fig. 5 simplifies curve map, illustrates according to the impact pressure waveform on the last optical devices of inciding of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 A is the level line curve, the target spot fire is shown impacts the stress that causes in the optical devices in the end;
Fig. 6 B is the level line curve, and the maximum displacement of the last optical devices that are subjected to the impact of target spot fire is shown;
Fig. 7 A is the swap out rough schematic views of (changeout) system of the last optical devices according to the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 B is the rough schematic view according to the optical devices path (optical pass-thru) of the labyrinth that is included in barrier shield (labyrinth) the neutron barrier that is used for last optical devices substitute of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 A is rough schematic view, illustrates according to the machinery that has of the embodiment of the invention repeatability and the system that the vacuum ability is arranged are installed;
Fig. 8 B is rough schematic view, and the system according to the embodiment of the invention is shown, and this system comprises from the removable property of the independence of any pair of windows module of this system;
Fig. 8 C is simplified flow chart, shows the method that exchanges last optical devices in high radiation environment according to the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 9 A is rough schematic view, and the laser instrument frame labyrinth maintenance entrance according to zone between the arrival barrier shield of the embodiment of the invention is shown;
Fig. 9 B is rough schematic view, illustrates according to the laser instrument frame labyrinth of additional embodiments of the present invention and the structure of neutron aperture;
Figure 10 is diagram, and the differentiation as the environment at the close target chamber center of the function of time according to the embodiment of the invention is shown;
Figure 11 A simplifies curve map, illustrate according to the embodiment of the invention since contrary bremstrahlen (Bremstrahlung) absorb, as the laser-transmitting rate from the distance function of laser ingate; With
Figure 11 B simplifies curve map, and saturated according to SRS signal in the lead steam of the embodiment of the invention is shown.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention relate to the fusion reaction chamber.Embodiments of the invention can be applicable to energy system, these energy systems comprise, but be not limited to laser inertial confinement fusion energy (Laser Inertial-confinement Fusion Energy(LIFE)) engine, such as the mixing fusion-fission system of mixing fusion-fission LIFE system, produce IV reactor, monoblock type rapid reaction heap, magnetic confinement fusion energy (MFE) system, accelerator drive system and other.In certain embodiments, this energy system is the mixed version of LIFE engine, be to mix fusion-fission LIFE system, such as the title of submitting on September 30th, 2008 for describing among the international patent application No.PCT/US2008/011335 of " Control of a Laser Inertial Confinement Fusion-Fission Power Plant ", the content of this patent disclosure is incorporated in this paper by reference in full at all occasions.
Embodiments of the invention, the infringement of avoiding neutron fluence (fluence) for system element provides protection, and this neutron fluence can limit the life-span of optical devices probably.Last optical devices are that one of high risk optical devices are arranged, and it also will tolerate all problems of describing in the table 1 except the tolerance laser energy.These last optical devices directly are exposed to gas (mainly be xenon, but the target tramp material of helium, hydrogen, deuterium, tritium, lead, carbon is arranged) and the target missile sheet (shrapnel) from target chamber.To some commercial power plant of utilizing the LIFE design, the radix output power is 1950MW.Ion and X ray are absorbed by the xenon in the target chamber, stay the 1560MW from the 14MeV neutron of fusion reaction, and it is the local output 1.5 * 10 of optical devices in the end
17N/m
2The average irradiation of sec.In addition, in the end the place of optical devices except the radix pressure of 21torr, also has the pressure waves of generation～0.53torr pressure.At last, these optical devices be placed on be coupled in the target chamber external zones (blanket) expand with the gas of igniting and the environment of the mobile vibration that is associated of liquid lithium in.In some LIFE designs, this is alleviated by mechanically making first wall and external zones and the decoupling of vacuum chamber external zones, and this vacuum chamber is connected to light pipe assembly.Also work so that the gas that incides on the last optical devices of decaying impacts in light beam line aperture in the external zones.These last optical devices are designed to hold out against remaining threat, and make effectively～3J/cm
2351nm laser (vertical with light beam) transmission and focusing.
The last optical devices of table 1. institute is compromised
The final beam transmission system comprises and is used to make light beam to be transferred to the optical devices at target chamber center from the frequency converter outlet.This last optical device system is firm, available, can transmit laser and (also claim the neutron aperture by neutron shield transparent on the optics, because laser can be propagated by this aperture, do not have actual optical loss), and hold out against multiple threat from target chamber.With reference to figure 2, this final beam transmission system comprises the optical devices of optical devices M10 and all back.Except the laser fluence of 351nm, L11, LG1 and FL1 are exposed to neutron irradiation, and FL1, and these last optical devices are exposed in the extra physical shock and target missile sheet that the target spot fire causes.Fig. 2 schematically illustrates last optical devices transmission, is different from the NIF structure, and The latter wedge shape condenser lens and the fragment (debris) that is installed near frequency converter shield.For protecting Optical Maser System and operating personnel to avoid neutron irradiation, the device that is known as the neutron aperture is used.This neutron aperture is that (～1cm) hole, its allows light to pass through, but absorbs most of neutron of escaping from target chamber for little in three meters thick concrete shield walls.If this aperture is positioned at the telescopical focal position of Galileo relaying, then the aperture of this aperture can by become minimum (in theory with 1 ω light beam line in aperture identical size is arranged), thereby make the neutron that is transmitted minimum, transmission laser simultaneously fully.
Fig. 3 A is synoptic diagram, and the final beam transmission system according to the neutron aperture that comprises two cascades of the embodiment of the invention is shown.Though this system can be called as " two neutron apertures " system, should be appreciated that this system utilizes two groups of neutron apertures.The system that is designed as shown in Figure 3A, the radiation dose that suffers utilizes the neutron aperture of two cascades, is attenuated to 0.04rem/.Should be understood that, last optical devices 326/320 not only focus on, and make light beam from the second neutron aperture relaying telescope axle of (comprising condenser lens 314 and Fresnel Lenses (model 2a) 316 and coupling condenser lens 315/ Fresnel Lenses 318), deflect into target chamber center 386.Because last optical devices (namely, Fresnel Lenses (model 2b) 326 and the last optical devices of coupling are (namely, Fresnel Lenses (model 1b)) 320 makes laser beam deflection, so it only works as the scattering source of neutron, thereby stop the neutron that penetrates to be passed in the neutron aperture of (at location) on the position.From the transmission spectrum of the neutron of aperture 330, the neutron beam that will be collimated cursorily, these neutrons after some collimations through small structure, by around shielding material and external zones scattering.As shown in Figure 3A, the axle of the second neutron aperture on position 332, the axle deflection of the first neutron aperture from the position 330 stops the ejaculation neutron from second aperture to pass first aperture again.Use this technology, neutron dose can be attenuated to such intensity, so that human work for a long time in the laser instrument frame is possible.
In one embodiment, laser instrument frame 310A and 310B, comprise 2.2m wide * 1 long ω laser/amplifier of 1.35m height * 10.4m.These laser instrument frames can produce 435mm square beam sizes, be fit to the laser beam that fusion is used.In addition, in certain embodiments, interior cone 324 is feature with 26.9 ° angle, and outside cone 322 is feature with 47.25 ° angle, but these concrete angles are not requirements of the present invention.As an example, in other embodiments, the cone angle is 30 ° and 50 °.
Many requirements are satisfied in the optical design of this last transmission optics system simultaneously, comprise: aim at and focus on the supercentral ability of going into to shoot at the target of target chamber; Transmit 351nm light effectively to the target chamber center; And the laser ingate (LEH) that energy is focused into the target cavity.For reaching these purposes, mirror M 10 shown in Figure 1 and M11 are used to keep concentrating on the last transmission optics device, and slowly aim at this target.Lens L9, L10 and L11 also are used for eliminating the chromatic dispersion that the last optical devices of (null out) Fresnel cause except transmitting beam is passed through the first neutron aperture, and this chromatic dispersion has opposite symbol with respect to traditional convex lens.Crooked on the time domain that grating LG1 compensation is caused by the deflection (diffraction) of the last optical devices of Fresnel, and be used to provide deflection between the neutron aperture 1 and 2 of requirement.Compensated fully on the two in color and time domain thus, these Fresnel optical devices can focus into the 351nm drive laser beam LEH of target.
Embodiments of the invention utilize one of several optical elements as last optical devices, and these last optical devices comprise: glancing incidence metallic mirror (GIMM), elliptical mirror, thin Fresnel optical devices or like that.In the embodiment that utilizes GIMM or parabolic mirror, additional vacuum window be comprised in the design upstream of last optical devices of neutron spatial filter front (as, and then).These optical devices are suitable for two purposes among other things: guarantee the vacuum on the telescope focus, so that laser can be transmitted; And work as the tritium barrier.Fresnel optical devices shown in Figure 1, the two works as last focus optics with as the vacuum barrier.Thin by these last optical devices are made, the absorption that neutron causes can be lowered to the level of several percentage points.
Though the angle between two telescopical optical axises of relaying that are associated with the neutron aperture forms the angle of about 60 ° of angles, this is not requirement of the present invention, and other embodiment utilize the different angles between the telescope.In certain embodiments, the first relaying telescope is orientated along horizontal plane, and the second relaying telescope is orientated along perpendicular, meets at right angles between these two optical axises.Except those orientations of showing, other orientations are also within the scope of the present invention involved.The person skilled in the art will be appreciated that many variations, modification and replacement.
Fig. 3 B is synoptic diagram, and the final beam transmission system according to comprising of one embodiment of the invention of single neutron aperture is shown.With reference to figure 3B, LASER Light Source 350A is provided at first district 351 to 350N.From the light of LASER Light Source 350A to 350N, be drawn towards thickness for example and all be 3 meters barrier shield 352.One group of neutron aperture 353A is provided in this barrier shield 352 to 353N, makes laser emission after assembling with one group of optical system (as, one group of N relaying telescope), can pass this barrier shield.Therefore, when this system is known as " single neutron aperture " system, can be understood that to utilize single group of neutron aperture, rather than two groups of neutron apertures.
Pass this group neutron aperture 353A to the light of 353N, the parabolic mirror 360 in the illustrated embodiment is left in reflection, is incident on Fresnel optical devices 362 and 364.In certain embodiments, the distance between the Fresnel optical devices 362 and 364 is enough to make parabolic mirror 360 can be positioned in below the outshot 361.After being focused on by Fresnel optical devices 364, light is focused onto on the target 386.
The neutron that produces on the target 386 along all directions, comprises cone 368 directions, and the space of passing between wall 366 and 365 blazes abroad.The neutron in cone 368 left sides is reflected or absorbs by wall 366.In one embodiment, the angle spread of wall 363 and outshot 361 definition cones 368.Though neutron is incident on the Fresnel optical devices 364, wall 365 stops neutron to be incident on the Fresnel optical devices 362.Because neutron is comprised between wall 363 and the outshot 361, have only single group of neutron aperture to be required for the neutron population in district 351 is reduced to acceptable level.
Fig. 3 C is rough schematic view, and the telescopical element of neutron aperture according to one embodiment of the invention is shown.Shown in Fig. 3 C, first telescope 370 focuses on by secondary shielding wall 372, in order to pass the second neutron aperture 374 light.This light is refracted by Fresnel optical devices 376A, and these Fresnel optical devices 376A forms the element of the second relaying telescope 370.This second relaying telescope 380 focuses on light, by primary shield wall (not shown), in order to pass the first neutron aperture on the 382A of position.Apparent by scheming, a plurality of parallel light paths, by providing a plurality of embodiments of the invention that pass the neutron aperture of primary and secondary barrier shield to provide, these neutron apertures are collected by Fresnel optical devices 376B from the light of this neutron aperture 374B shown in neutron aperture 374B.
Pass the light of the first neutron aperture on the position 382, be incident on the Fresnel optical devices 384A, Fresnel optical devices 384A collects and this light is focused on the target 386.Because two optical grating constructions that exist among Fresnel optical devices 376A and the 384A, receive from the light of pointolite and focus light onto corresponding pointolite, so the manufacturing of these Fresnel optical devices is simplified, the high-quality manufacture process can be utilized.In order to make these gratings, pointolite is used to define this optical grating construction, because pass the light of this grating, is to send and terminate in pointolite as pointolite.As shown in the figure, grating is receiving the light of dispersing and is producing the convergence that is received light.Like this, the exposure of grating can be finished by enough pointolites.According to embodiments of the invention, various different cone angles can be utilized, for example, 26.9 ° angle of the interior cone between target 386 and the Fresnel optical devices 384A, and 47.2 ° angle of the outside cone between target 386 and the Fresnel optical devices 384B.
According to some embodiment, this manufacture process is compared with other architectures, owing to pointolite can be utilized in the grating definition procedure, so be improved.As an example, as the manufactured Fresnel optical devices that use in Fig. 3 C illustrated embodiment, compare with the Fresnel optical devices that make the divergent beams collimation, the aberration of reduction is arranged.
The inventor notices, the absorption that neutron causes in the fused quartz is saturated on quite moderate neutron irradiation level, and this absorption can be by the temperature of rising substrate and partly annealed, shown in Fig. 4 A.In one embodiment, the fused quartz substrate that 5.3mm is thick is used to the Fresnel optical devices, and it is enough to work as the vacuum barrier between the relaying telescope of the target chamber of 21torr and about 0.5mtorr.
The inventor determined, if the optical devices of adequate thickness (as, optical devices that 5.3mm is thick) are maintained at～580 ° of C, then absorption loss be lowered to～0.5%.Shown in Fig. 4 B, the absorption of fused quartz optical devices is as the function of temperature.Heating can realize by external heater or their combination of using light beam heating, generation～3.4MW.In the embodiment that does not use well heater, the inventor has determined, independent light beam heating to～518 ° of C, has the temperature of rising optical devices～3.5% the transmissivity loss that is associated, and can be suitable for some application like this.According to one embodiment of the invention, the fused quartz Fresnel optical devices that 5.3mm is thick are used to last optical devices, although embodiments of the invention are not limited to this specific thicknesses.Other thickness also can be used.
Fig. 4 A is curve map, and the correction transmissivity percent according to the last optical devices function of wavelength of the conduct of one embodiment of the invention is shown.Fig. 4 B illustrates the laser absorption of the thick fused quartz optical devices of 5.3mm to the curve of temperature.
With reference to figure 4A, the annealing process of the quartz that is damaged by neutron shows the result as annealing process, is the great variety in the 351nm transmissivity.
Except neutron threatens, the shock wave that is produced by the target spot fire will be incident on the last optical devices.Fig. 5 simplifies curve map, illustrates according to the impact pressure waveform on the last optical devices of being incident on of one embodiment of the invention.Fig. 6 A is the level line curve, the target spot fire is shown impacts the stress that causes in the optical devices in the end.Fig. 6 B is the level line curve, and the maximum displacement of the last optical devices that are subjected to the impact of target spot fire is shown.Shown in Fig. 6 A and 6B, the displacement of about 2 μ m and about 40,000 Pascals' stress in the end appear in the optical devices, and this is acceptable to design described herein.
These optical devices can be installed in the framework, and this framework can be sealed to the transmission telescope that contains the neutron aperture by enough washer sealings, and this framework is the big cement structures that is connected to buildings.In one embodiment, the aperture of fused quartz optical devices is about 0.53 * 43 * 49.65cm
3(are 43cm apertures 30 ° angles) have 21torr(2800Pa) external pressure and the internal pressure of 0.5mtorr, this causes on the optical devices surface 134 pounds power.As shown in Figure 5～135 μ s shock pulses during, additional 0.5torr(70Pa) incide on the last optical devices.For understanding this pulse to the mechanical effect of the thick optical devices of 5.3mm, use Shell model (the finite elements grid technique useful to thin substrate), be established by the model of quartern symmetry (quarter symmetry).As for boundary condition, be modeled as edge of a knife cylinder (knife-edge rollers) (only being supported perpendicular to optical devices) with the contact point of packing ring.First model frequency is 131Hz.Because stress and the displacement of the optical devices that pulse causes are shown in Figure 6.Maximum effective surface stress is 40600Pa.Maximum displacement is 2.62 * 10
-6M(2.62 μ m).This maximum displacement and maximum effective surface stress the two, when about 6ms, appear in the analysis.These results point out, the threat of ripple that is not hit of last optical devices survival rate, and should laser focal spot be had no significant effect the maximum surface displacement.The peace half-turn dress that should be pointed out that last optical devices can be designed to avoid the resonance on the model frequency, or because previous shooting and/or supporting equipment liquid flow (as, external zones, cooling, or like that) cause the vibration of buildings.To the engineering of the passive damping mechanism of this vibration, can implement on the basis of the spectrum of these last optical devices, this project comprises the effect that hardware design is installed according to the environment of this chamber and machinery.
As shown in Figure 6A, overall maximum effective surface stress is 4.6 * 10
4, overall minimum is zero.Shown in Fig. 6 B, the overall maximum displacement of last optical devices is 2.62 * 10
-6M, and overall least displacement is-2.47 * 10
-6These values do not prepare to become the restriction to the embodiment of the invention, only provide the stress that runs among each different embodiment of the present invention and the example of displacement.
Embodiments of the invention, the replacement for last optical devices in the radiation heat environment (and other optical devices between two neutron apertures) provides method and system.To the first order, do not have electronic installation in this environment, to survive, and low MTTF will be arranged.Replacing hardware will have very large MTTF, because the inefficacy of these parts will require plant downtime (influence factory's availability), in order to can approach hardware in target chamber High Radiation Area on every side.
Fig. 7 A is the swap out rough schematic views of (changeout) system of the last optical devices according to one embodiment of the invention.System shown in Fig. 7 A provides two optical devices replacement abilities and drives the 720 simple and mechanical replacements that enter High Radiation Area via cable.Fig. 7 B is the rough schematic view according to the optical devices path of the last optical devices substitute of one embodiment of the invention (optical pass-thru), and this path is included in the labyrinth neutron barrier in the barrier shield.Some embodiments of the present invention can be by the geometric configuration of Fresnel optical devices, for example, and a side 40cm or 50, but have only thick with the relevant low weight of 5mm and be implemented.The person's character that Fresnel optical devices 705 are thin can also realize removing by thin labyrinth 730, shown in Fig. 7 B.
Shown in Fig. 7 A, the system that is used for the thin Fresnel optical devices 705 of replacement is provided its unfavorable device any hydraulic pressure or that engine is arranged that is used in the High Radiation Area.Shown in Fig. 7 A and 7B, this system and method, use has the cable of pulley or roller, guide impaired Fresnel Lenses, by long and narrow hole (slit) crooked in the barrier shield, leave high radiation environment, this long and narrow hole works as neutron labyrinth (labyrinth), but allows the exchange of last optical devices.The close-up view on one of these labyrinths with used size in the exemplary embodiment of submodel in being fit to, is illustrated among Fig. 7 B.
With reference to figure 7B, optical module passes the labyrinth, passes the wall related with the optical module passage to stop neutron.As shown in Figure 1, be the neutron aperture that the passage of laser beam provides, be in the certain angle orientation, to stop neutron as not passed innermost aperture by the neutron of deviation.Optical module can pass the labyrinth, and this labyrinth is as the function of labyrinth shape and stop neutron.With reference to figure 7B, in certain embodiments, this labyrinth have 15cm width and～radius-of-curvature of 150cm, the distance between the entrance and exit port of 300cm is provided for the thick wall of 300cm.
Though for clear purpose does not have shown in Fig. 7 A, embodiments of the invention use two cable systems (705 1 of each Fresnel optical devices), cable is attached in the top of each optical devices and bottom (that is, totally 4 cables pass by two labyrinth long and narrow holes in the wall).In other embodiments, other embodiment can be utilized.Shown in Fig. 7 A, arrow 702A illustrates the motion of left optical devices between replacement period, and arrow 702B illustrates the motion of right-hand optical devices between replacement period.
Though labyrinth shown in Fig. 7 B is the structure of continuous bend, this is not the requirement of the embodiment of the invention.In other embodiments, the zigzag labyrinth shown in Fig. 7 C is utilized.
In certain embodiments, because do not have adjustment capability in the last optical devices, so being installed, hardware can realize that accurately motion is replaced.In the embodiment that shows, telescope end face 805 obtains shown in Fig. 8 A by setting up for this, there, ferromagnetic steel ball 825(as, based on the magnet of Nd, or other high intensity are to the magnet of mass ratio, such as based on the magnet of neodymium iron boron, based on magnet or other similar magnets of SmCo) be installed into the surface, so that for the Fresnel optical device module provides motion alignment point 827, also shown in Fig. 8 A.In other embodiments, this motion bracket is reversed, and magnet and motion alignment point are provided at (that is, magnet is installed on the LRU, and alignment point is on the telescope end face) on the opposite element.Shown in Fig. 8 A, based on the high ability magnet (its available other suitable high intensity is replaced the magnet of mass ratio) of Nd, Fresnel optical devices, and vacuum packing ring 830, all together as row's replaceable unit, be installed on the last optical devices framework 807.This accurate framework can be by rigid material, and all stainless steels if any cable attachment 840 are made.For window module can independently be removed, two pairs of cable drives are provided, as shown in the front elevation of Fig. 8 B.
With reference to figure 8A, this telescope end face comprises the ring flange of steel, and this ring flange at one end comprises the motion tubercle (kinematic nodule) 825 that is formed from steel equally.The use of steel can make element shown in Fig. 8 A have and other similar life-spans of chamber element.Interchangeable element, all be installed to this steel flange dish, for example last optical devices 815(as, the fused quartz Fresnel Lenses, it can be installed by off line, so that the microcosmic alignment ability to be provided), be used for setting up on the surface vacuum-packed packing ring 830, based on the magnet 827 of Nd, be used for replacing and handle component shift-in and shift out the cable attachment 830, like that of this system during repair operation.In certain embodiments, two assemblies are provided abreast, and use two independent cable systems, and the assembly of left will swap out to left, and right-hand assembly will swap out to right-hand.Shown in Fig. 8 B, independently a pair of cable 852 and 854 allows window module to remove independently in both sides.In some embodiments, packing ring is chosen wantonly, because some embodiment do not utilize vacuum environment to the each several part of this system.In these embodiments, optical devices can be mounted, but misalign sub-aperture sealing, because do not have pressure difference in the optical devices both sides.The person skilled in the art will be appreciated that many variations, modification and replacement.
Fig. 8 C is simplified flow chart, and the method that exchanges last optical devices in high radiation environment according to one embodiment of the invention is shown.This method 800 comprises: pausing operation (810); Randomly make the telescope ventilation, reach constant pressure strong (812); And randomly add other Xe gas, make lens leave telescope end face (814) as " having the hiccups ".This method also comprises: the pulling cable, in order to regain last optical devices (816) by radiant wall; And in the district between neutron aperture #1 and neutron aperture #2, use robot to exchange last optical devices (818).This method also comprises: the pulling cable, in order to be placed on (820) before the telescope end face replacing last optical devices; Use magnet, in order to last optical devices are drawn in movement position (822); Randomly vacuumize, in order to last optical devices are placed in (824) on the telecontrol equipment; Light beam acquiring (826) is aimed at and is made again in check on demand; And recovery operation (828).Though in the embodiment that shows, telecontrol equipment is utilized, this is not the embodiments of the invention requirement, and other technique of alignment are also contained within the scope of the present invention.
Should be understood that the concrete steps of showing among Fig. 8 C, provide the concrete grammar that in high radiation environment, exchanges last optical devices according to one embodiment of the invention.In other embodiments, the sequence of other steps also can be carried out.For example, additional embodiments of the present invention can be carried out above-named step by different order.In addition, individual steps shown in Fig. 8 C can comprise a plurality of substeps, and these substeps can be carried out by the various different order that are suitable for this individual steps.In addition, Fu Jia step can depend on concrete application and is added or removes.The person skilled in the art will be appreciated that many variations, modification and replacement.
Though the concrete grammar of sealing optical devices is provided with respect to Fig. 8 C, embodiments of the invention are not subjected to the restriction of these schemes.Push away in other embodiments ,-La sealing is used as the valve utilization, and is similar with the sealing of metal can (canister).Therefore, embodiments of the invention are on certain distance, by to a side exhaust of valve and (changing out) optical devices that swap out thereafter, provide the foundation of sealing.By the actuation control bar, sealing can pressed closer ring flange and is being established along with the optical devices support.In order to discharge sealing, this control lever is activated in opposite direction, and the optical devices support can be left from ring flange by the mode of metalloid top ends of cans.The person skilled in the art will be appreciated that many variations, modification and replacement.
Method shown in Fig. 8 C, the passive type method that allows the magnetic motion to install is aimed in order to keep in crossing over a plurality of attended operations (servicing operation).All expanding member can remove from this radiation environment at once, and need not to make the generating plant is that directly maintenance is stopped work.The pneumatic vacuum valve of all requirements, the cable driving that engine is arranged and robot optical devices exchange are limited in the zone between neutron aperture # 1 and the #2.This zone and access (access) schematically illustrate in Fig. 9 A.Provide vacuum and tritium barrier the two gas lock door 920, be positioned in the entrance on labyrinth 940, it is safe to personnel that this labyrinth 940 keeps the radiation level of laser instrument frames.Robot safeguards that vehicle 930 can enter for supply new material (optical devices and/or hardware), to replace parts.These identical vehicles can be used to the parts that use up in the carrying cask flask, deliver to radiation hazardous waste place in the factory, in order to reclaim and/or dispose.Shown in Fig. 9 A, in the end optical devices are moved out of by the labyrinth, enter after the lower radiation areas 911, and vehicle can remove optical devices by linkage (interlock).
Embodiments of the invention are operations like this, thus the pressure of this environment be low (～21torr), will prevent that so nearly all lepton still is suspended in the gas of chamber, thereby promote cleanliness factor.The purge of gas nozzle can be positioned in the district of last optical devices, and the final purpose of purge of gas nozzle has two: be subjected to " quick-fried spray (puff) " skew of target spot fire for making chamber gas, back draught pressure is provided; And be replaced and keep cleanliness factor during operation at these last optical devices, also provide low pressure " air knife " to clean it.The control of this purge flow flow rate, the pneumatic valve that can enoughly be arranged in low radiation areas, the primary shield wall outside is realized.In maintenance operating period, till this cleaning gas pressure can be increased to the gas cleaning that makes last optical devices simply and can meet the demands.
This system is except providing long-life and interchangeable last optical devices, and embodiments of the invention also solve the relevant issues that are positioned at the middle optical devices of neutron.These optical devices (as L11 and the LG1 that shows among Fig. 9) and their relevant hardware are to be in the radiation environment, and this environment structure inserts and maintainability threat and the restriction of optical devices.The calculating that primary neutron is learned shows the aperture 925 in the neutron aperture #2(primary shield wall 926) significantly decay 1.5 * 10
17N/m
2The incident dose of sec.As if these neutrons are highly collimated, will make simple relatively neutron refuse (dumps) can be used to limit the neutron flux in the zone between the neutron aperture like this.The vehicle 930 and the actuator that electronic installation is arranged of engine are arranged, will be allowed to enter this zone maintenance is provided, and some parts can be allowed to forever work in this zone.The maintenance of the optical devices in this zone is more simple and direct already, and can enough methods of disposal that matches with standard cleanliness factor agreement implement.
Fig. 9 B is rough schematic view, and laser instrument frame labyrinth and neutron aperture architecture according to additional embodiments of the present invention are shown.Shown in Fig. 9 B, the architecture that is provided uses single group neutron aperture (as, one group of four neutron aperture 950 that shows among Fig. 9 B) that neutron shield is provided.
In the embodiment that illustrates, under atmospheric pressure and utilize the laser/amplifier of air ambient, be provided in the laser instrument frame 955.From the light of laser/amplifier, with the optical devices guiding, pass the barrier shield 952 that comprises this list group neutron aperture 950.Utilize other optical devices as shown in the figure, this laser beam is directed by the zigzag mode around wall 956 and 958 after passing this group neutron aperture, is incident on the target chamber 960.In the embodiment that illustrates, target chamber 960 is at 21torr, and the potpourri as the resultant xenon of fusion reaction and tritium is arranged.Zone, labyrinth 962 atmospheric conditions with target chamber substantially is identical, is 21torr, and the potpourri of Xe and T is arranged.The neutron of propagating to zone, labyrinth 962 that produces in the target chamber 960 is stopped by wall 958 and 956, thereby can not arrive the neutron aperture by sizable density.
In order to replace the optical devices that comprise last optical devices 970, cable/track guidance system 980 is provided, in order to optical devices can be removed and replace, as runs through describing more completely of this instructions.After the serviceable life of optical devices, use this cable/track guidance system 980, along with optical devices are routed along barrier shield 982, and be drawn out of by the gas lock door 984 that also serves as the tritium barrier, so optical devices are removed.After being drawn out of by gas lock door 984, the robot optical devices are replaced vehicle 990, can be used to remove the optical devices that use up and transmit new optical devices.The robot optical devices are replaced vehicle environment of living in, can be atmosphere, for example the pressure of air.
Refer again to Fig. 1, this final beam transmission system provides the mechanism of guiding 351nm laser to the target chamber center.With some other fusion technology system (as, NIF) opposite, this chamber is not high vacuum.In certain embodiments, this chamber is used protection mechanism wittingly, such as 4 μ g/cm
3Xenon-133 gas fill, resist ion and X ray with protection chamber wall.Press the target spot fire of 15Hz, also the composition of target (hydrogen, deuterium, tritium, helium, carbon, lead, like that) added to this gaseous mixture because vacuum system usually next time the shooting before, generally do not replace all gas.Therefore, the labor that light beam is propagated by this complexity gaseous mixture is implemented, with provide relevant this light beam dynamics (as because filamentation (filamentation) or scattering that non-linear process produces) information.This is analyzed in one embodiment, starts from propagating the laser beam of 2TW, 15ns, 0.351 μ m, and the Xe/Pb plasma by near the tens of cm the target chamber center and several meters are the gas that sets out of optical devices in the end.The generation of this target chamber environment and differentiation are illustrated among Figure 10.
With reference to Figure 10, before laser shooting, gas is in～the unionized state that has 5% lead to mix of 0.5eV.When the lower edge of laser pulse began to heat target, plasma ball formed, and it grows into during laser pulse～scope of 25cm.Behind～1 μ s, this plasma has been cooled to the hot mixt of neutron gas because of radiation, and it continues radiation, up to target shooting next time.
The interaction of the plasma of laser and gas and expansion provides at table 2, and wherein these interact and characterize with type, and the assessment of light beam effect is presented.The great majority effect is well understood, and relevant with temperature environment with actual target gaseous mixture.Should be pointed out that the main loss mechanism of light beam, seemingly surround ionized gas in the plasma ball of target.This transmissivity loss as with range from function, shown in Figure 11 A, and cause 0.5% the loss ignored at 351nm.Whole chamber is maintained under the egregious cases of ionization therein, and this loss is to 6 μ g/cm
3Situation, only be increased to 1.5%.Interested second kind of loss mechanism is from the plumbous Stimulated Raman Scattering in Gaseous of target cavity.Electronics stimulated Raman scattering (from the scattering of the bound electron) past has used the dye laser the heat pipe (alkali steam) to be widely studied.60% conversion efficiency is observed the lead steam of about 1torr.The inventor determines that intensity-length the result (product) of LIFE penlight is big like this, so that after the 1ns of this laser pulse, the related gain index will reach 10 times (G～30) of threshold value.This will cause the saturated fully of SRS medium.
With reference to figure 11B, the 1mJ of the SRS on 0.02torr is corresponding to every atom～1 photon.Like this, if all the available lead atoms in the laser lighting volume of target region all are excited, the result equal whole LIFE laser system (all light beams)～20kJ, it will be equivalent to first on the laser pulse shape " outpost's pulse " energy is doubled.The SRS loss equals～0.83% light beam line loss.According to these values, the apparent loss of incident beam is to 6 μ g/cm of this paper discussion
3All effect situations under, be very reasonably～1,33-2.33%.Should be pointed out that former analysis does not comprise near last centimetre that light beam begins to propagate overlappingly (cavity LEH), this part solves with kinetic energy analysis (energetics analysis).
The interaction of table 2. laser spot and target gas
It should also be understood that, example described herein and embodiment are illustrative purposes only, use for reference them, and various modifications or variation will propose to those skilled in the art, and these modifications or variation are comprised within the scope of the application's spirit and authority and appended claims.
Claims (22)
1. a replacement is placed on the method for the optical element in the high radiation environment, and this method comprises:
Suspend the operation of light beam line;
The pulling cable is in order to make optical element shift by radiant wall;
Exchange this optical element with the replacement optical element;
The pulling cable is in order to make this replacement optical element shift by this radiant wall;
This replacement optical element is placed on contiguous telescopical first end;
This replacement optical element is placed on telescopical first end face;
This replacement optical element is placed on the motor element;
Check the optical alignment of this replacement optical element; With
The operation of restitution beam line.
2. the method for claim 1 also comprises:
Make the telescope ventilation, it is strong to reach constant pressure; With
Add gas, optical element and telescopical first end face are separated, wherein this replacement optical element is placed in and comprises on the motor element and vacuumizing, in order to settle this replacement optical element.
3. the process of claim 1 wherein that this optical element comprises lens.
4. the method for claim 3, wherein these lens comprise Fresnel Lenses.
5. the process of claim 1 wherein that this gas comprises Xe gas.
6. the process of claim 1 wherein that this replacement optical element comprises lens.
7. the method for claim 6, wherein these lens comprise Fresnel Lenses.
8. the process of claim 1 wherein this replacement optical element is placed on contiguous telescopical first end, comprise and use the motion magnet to make this replacement optical element location.
9. the method for claim 8, wherein this motion magnet comprises based on the magnet of Nd or at least a based in the magnet of Sm.
10. the process of claim 1 wherein this replacement optical element is placed on telescopical first end face, comprise telescope is vacuumized.
11. an optical system comprises:
The vacuum chamber that first end and second end are arranged;
The optical devices support is installed to first end of this vacuum chamber, and wherein this optical devices support has the surface of installation;
The Fresnel optical devices are installed to this installation surface;
Cable is attached to this optical devices support; With
Second optical element is installed to second end of this vacuum chamber.
12. the optical system of claim 11, wherein this optical devices support is placed in first district, this first district is feature with first neutron flux, and this second optical element is placed in second district, and this second district is feature with second neutron flux less than first neutron flux.
13. the optical system of claim 12, wherein this first district by comprising a plurality of long and narrow holes barrier shield and this second distinguish.
14. the optical system of claim 11, wherein this cable passes the long and narrow hole in the barrier shield, and the neutron flux that arrives to reduce is the district of feature.
15. the optical system of claim 11, wherein these Fresnel optical devices comprise the fused quartz optical devices.
16. a system comprises:
Optical Maser System can be operated in order to laser beam along light path is provided;
The fusion chamber is coupled to this light path;
The neutron aperture is disposed between Optical Maser System and the fusion chamber along this light path; With
The neutron attenuation district is disposed between Optical Maser System and the fusion chamber along this light path.
17. the system of claim 16, wherein this fusion system comprises laser inertial fusion energy chamber.
18. the system of claim 16, wherein this Optical Maser System comprises a plurality of laser amplifier modules of arranging with respect to the fusion chamber.
19. the system of claim 16, wherein this system also comprises catoptron or diffraction grating at least, is disposed between neutron aperture and the fusion chamber along light path.
20. the system of claim 16, wherein this neutron attenuation district comprises additional neutron aperture.
21. the system of claim 20 also comprises steering reflection mirror, is disposed between neutron aperture and this additional neutron aperture along light path.
22. the system of claim 16, wherein this neutron attenuation district comprises the labyrinth.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201161437177P | 2011-01-28 | 2011-01-28 | |
| US61/437,177 | 2011-01-28 | ||
| PCT/US2012/022443 WO2012103150A2 (en) | 2011-01-28 | 2012-01-24 | Final beam transport system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103339683A true CN103339683A (en) | 2013-10-02 |
Family
ID=46581368
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012800065378A Pending CN103339683A (en) | 2011-01-28 | 2012-01-24 | Final beam transport system |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2668652A2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2014511475A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN103339683A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2824080A1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2013139868A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2012103150A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103235393B (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2015-04-22 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Open-type high-flux big-caliber optical focusing and frequency conversion device |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4518843A (en) * | 1982-09-01 | 1985-05-21 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Laser lens and light assembly |
| US20050205811A1 (en) * | 2004-03-17 | 2005-09-22 | Partlo William N | LPP EUV light source |
| US20070273893A1 (en) * | 2006-05-05 | 2007-11-29 | Gerhard Bock | Measuring device for determining the relative offset between two components |
| US20080063132A1 (en) * | 2006-05-30 | 2008-03-13 | Birnbach Curtis A | Method and system for controlled fusion reactions |
| US20090159074A1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-25 | Mario Rabinowitz | Fresnel solar concentrator with internal-swivel and suspended swivel mirrors |
| CN101889483A (en) * | 2007-10-04 | 2010-11-17 | 劳伦斯·利弗莫尔国家安全有限责任公司 | Control of a laser inertial confinement fusion-fission power plant |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4735762A (en) * | 1983-09-29 | 1988-04-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Laser or charged-particle-beam fusion reactor with direct electric generation by magnetic flux compression |
| US6428470B1 (en) * | 1995-09-15 | 2002-08-06 | Pinotage, Llc | Imaging system and components thereof |
| US20090310731A1 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-17 | Burke Robert J | Single-pass, heavy ion fusion, systems and method |
-
2012
- 2012-01-24 RU RU2013139868/07A patent/RU2013139868A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-01-24 WO PCT/US2012/022443 patent/WO2012103150A2/en active Application Filing
- 2012-01-24 EP EP12739844.4A patent/EP2668652A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-01-24 JP JP2013551297A patent/JP2014511475A/en active Pending
- 2012-01-24 CN CN2012800065378A patent/CN103339683A/en active Pending
- 2012-01-24 CA CA2824080A patent/CA2824080A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4518843A (en) * | 1982-09-01 | 1985-05-21 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Laser lens and light assembly |
| US20050205811A1 (en) * | 2004-03-17 | 2005-09-22 | Partlo William N | LPP EUV light source |
| US20070273893A1 (en) * | 2006-05-05 | 2007-11-29 | Gerhard Bock | Measuring device for determining the relative offset between two components |
| US20080063132A1 (en) * | 2006-05-30 | 2008-03-13 | Birnbach Curtis A | Method and system for controlled fusion reactions |
| CN101889483A (en) * | 2007-10-04 | 2010-11-17 | 劳伦斯·利弗莫尔国家安全有限责任公司 | Control of a laser inertial confinement fusion-fission power plant |
| US20090159074A1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-25 | Mario Rabinowitz | Fresnel solar concentrator with internal-swivel and suspended swivel mirrors |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| A. BAYRAMIAN ET AL.: "Compact, Efficient Laser Systems Required for Laser Inertial Fusion Energy", 《FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 》 * |
| J. A. CAIRD EL AT.: "Nd:Glass laser design for laser icf fission energy (Life)", 《FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY》 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2014511475A (en) | 2014-05-15 |
| EP2668652A2 (en) | 2013-12-04 |
| CA2824080A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 |
| RU2013139868A (en) | 2015-03-10 |
| WO2012103150A3 (en) | 2012-10-26 |
| WO2012103150A2 (en) | 2012-08-02 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Hemsworth et al. | Overview of the design of the ITER heating neutral beam injectors | |
| Nakai et al. | Laser driven inertial fusion energy: present and prospective | |
| US11387007B2 (en) | Inertial confinement fusion system which decouples life-limited component from plant availability | |
| National Research Council | An assessment of the prospects for inertial fusion energy | |
| Simonin et al. | SIPHORE: Conceptual Study of a High Efficiency Neutral Beam Injector Based on Photo‐detachment for Future Fusion Reactors | |
| CN103339683A (en) | Final beam transport system | |
| Kessler et al. | ICF reactors—conceptual design studies | |
| Nakai | Development of integrated IFE system and its industrial application as intense neutron source | |
| Campbell | Nova target physics program and the Nova upgrade laser | |
| Khan | Advanced direct drive shock ignition studies | |
| Sokolov et al. | Nuclear collisions induced by single-cycle laser pulses: molecular approach to fusion | |
| Schirmann et al. | Target conceptual design issues of the french laser megajoule facility (LMJ) | |
| Nuckolls | Inertial confinement fusion (ICF).[Review of research progress] | |
| Abdel-Khalik et al. | Engineering problems of laser-driven fusion reactors | |
| Campbell et al. | Inertial fusion science and technology for the next century | |
| Chen | Exploring applications of laser-produced relativistic pair plasma jets for high-energy-density physics and astrophysics (LDRD Final Report) | |
| Storm et al. | Indirect-Drive Inertial Confinement Fusion | |
| Meier | Overview of Chamber and Power Plant Designs for IFE | |
| Waganer | Industry cooperates to advance IFE reactor design-the results of Prometheus | |
| Pendergrass | Heavy-ion Fusion systems assessment implications for reactors | |
| Nuckolls | Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) | |
| Moir | A review of inertial confinement fusion (ICF), ICF reactors, and the HYLIFE-II concept using liquid FLiBe | |
| Tanabe | Tritium issues in plasma wall interactions | |
| SCHAFER CORP ARLINGTON VA | IFE Reactor Studies | |
| Maniscalco et al. | Design studies of a laser fusion power plant |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20131002 |